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2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第三册英语 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元能力提高综合练习1【含答案WORD版版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
Biodiversity is a concept that's commonly referenced, yet regularly misunderstood. The complex 1 not only refers to the unbelievable variety of life on Earth, but to how everything from genes to entire ecosystems interact to make the planet habitable. The bad news: science shows that biodiversity is 2 worldwide at a faster rate than at any time in human history. That’s obviously devastating for everything in nature--including us.
“If biodiversity disappears, so do people,” says Dr. Stephen Woodley, field ecologist and bio-diversity expert with the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “We are part of the 3 and we do not exist without it.”
Preventing such a catastrophe, says Woodley, begins with understanding why biodiversity is declining, and then taking action to 4 course.
“The two greatest 5 of biodiversity loss are habitat loss, primarily on land, and overexploitation, primarily in the ocean,” Woodley says. He explains that we can solve these problems by permanently 6 more lands and oceans and managing them for their conservation values.
That's the mission of the global Campaign for Nature, a partnership of the Wyss Foundation and the National Geographic Society. Instead of simply protecting 30 percent of the Earth, the 7 also encourages nations, in full partnership with local communities, to focus on the right 30 percent. Those areas, says Woodley, 8 the most important biodiversity, such as endangered species and ecosystems and rare species and ecosystems.
The campaign also recognizes the importance of 9 local rights. Local peoples manage or hold tenure(保有权) over lands that support about 80 percent of the world's biodiversity, making it 10 for these communities to be full partners in developing and implementing strategies.
11 , protecting the health of key biodiversity areas is vital for tackling climate change, says National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Dr. Enric Sala. Pairing the international Paris Agreement to combat climate change, Sala's paper asserts, “would 12 catastrophic(灾难性的) climate change, conserve species, and secure essential ecosystem services.”
“Biodiversity is stability,” says Sala. “Trees, wetlands, grasslands, peat bogs(泥炭沼泽), salt marshes(盐沼), healthy ocean ecosystems, mangroves(红树林), and plants 13 much of the carbon pollution humans put into the atmosphere. Yet, right now, less than half of the planet is in its natural state, which isn't enough.” Bottom line: Nature needs us to act-now. “Moving to Mars is not a(n) 14 ,” Sala adds. “The only conditions for our life and for the prosperity of human society are here on Earth ...we are 15 protecting it.”
1．A．argument B．term C．structure D．problem
2．A．altering B．developing C．stabilizing D．worsening
3．A．ecosystem B．threat C．cycle D．procedure
4．A．affect B．change C．reverse D．continue
5．A．aspects B．causes C．consequences D．occasions
6．A．acquiring B．protecting C．exploiting D．possessing
7．A．management B．announcement C．campaign D．competition
8．A．consume B．destroy C．lose D．contain
9．A．denying B．enjoying C．ignoring D．respecting
10．A．essential B．simple C．temporary D．profitable
11．A．Besides B．However C．Thus D．Otherwise
12．A．witness B．detect C．confirm D．avoid
13．A．measure B．absorb C．survive D．prevent
14．A．mission B．decision C．option D．exploration
15．A．worried about B．confident in C．responsible for D．good at
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
Buildings with windows filled with water could save energy greatly, according to researchers backing the new technology.
Traditional glass windows increase the heat and temperature in the room in summers, and let the heat inside escape in winters, resulting in more electricity consumed for air-conditioners and more carbon emissions (排放). Now, researchers at Loughborough University (UK) have created a water-filled window that can overcome these problems.
The “water-filled glass” (WFG) system, designed by Dr. Matyas Gutai, involves a sheet of water being trapped between a panel (嵌板) of glass, and the water is practically invisible. The windows are connected to an indoor storage tank (箱) using pipes hidden in the walls, allowing water to flow easily between the windows and the tank.
This system allows the house to cool and reheat themselves automatically. When sunlight streams through the glass, the windows keep the buildings cool as the water takes in external and internal heat. This warm water then flows back to the tank. And when the outdoor temperature drops, the stored warm water is brought back to the walls to reheat the building using a monitoring system similar to central heating. The heated water can also be used for domestic (家用的) purposes. Although some electricity is required to pump the water back and forth, it uses much less energy than traditional air-conditioners or heaters.
Dr. Gutai claimed that WFG can save energy from 47% to 72% compared to when using traditional windows. Once launched into the market, the windows will surely make a real splash, appealing to a large crowd of environmentalists and contributing to reducing our carbon footprint. Currently, the inventor team is testing the windows in two areas with different weather conditions. The research reveals that WFG systems perform well in any inhabited climate—keeping buildings in hot climates cool and buildings in cool settings warm—without requiring an additional energy supply.；
16．What’s the weakness of traditional glass windows
A．They are easy to break into. B．They release carbon dioxide.
C．They fail to trap the heat. D．They lead to more energy consumption.；
17．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The structure of the WFG system.
B．The working process of the WFG system.
C．The advantages of water-filled windows.
D．The appearance of water-filled windows.；
18．What’s the characteristic of the WFG system
A．It is operated by man.
B．It needs no electricity at all.
C．It recycles the water in many ways.
D．It reheats the house via central heating.；
19．What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Make a big fortune. B．Draw lots of attention.
C．Form a huge waterfall. D．Take immediate effect.
C
(2024·广东深圳高二调研)A “spark bird” is the species that inspires someone to start birdwatching, namely birding. For Trish O'Kane, that bird was the cardinal (红衣凤头鸟). Hearing cardinals' calls was an initial step towards over 1，960 hours of birding, 33 field notebooks and a career change. In her book, Birding to Change the World, Kane charts her transformation from a journalist to an environmentalist.
In 2005, a terrible hurricane hit O'Kane's hometown. After it, she had to cope with the loss of her home. In watching the cardinals and other birds, she found relief. Soon she started bringing her students along. “My students stared at me in disbelief when I told them I had never cared about birds before，” O'Kane writes. “I suddenly wondered how many creatures would die because of the way we lived.” She decided to pursue an environmentally conscious career. In 2007, she took a course to study environmental science.
Most of the book focuses on O'Kane's efforts to preserve Warner Park, an ideal location satisfying birding requirements for her class. She successfully campaigned to stop the construction of a parking lot. Her activism snowballed into a local bird watching and protecting organisation. It eventually became part of O'Kane's doctoral research, and launched a birding class that pairs middle school students with college student advisors.
The book shows readers that a good knowledge of nature doesn't require a degree. Take Jeremy, a seemingly uninterested boy in O'Kane's birding class. When reporters joined an outing, the normally quiet Jeremy started talking excitedly about the bunting, a small blue bird. O'Kane soon learnt that he had secretly taken to studying the field guide given to him by his advisor.
At its core, Birding to Change the World is about how people and birds today depend on one another. “For birds, that dependence is concrete. For thousands of years, our species has seen birds as a symbol of liberation，” O'Kane writes. In her case, it is liberation from the grief and depression that the hurricane brought. “Bird by bird, they carve a new pathway in my life, a joyful pathway.”
20．What made O'Kane pursue an environmentalist career
A．Her guilt about the serious harm to birds.
B．The desire to guide students to go birding.
C．The comfort from birding after the disaster.
D．Her students' disbelief in her ignorance of birds.
21．What can we learn about O'Kane from Paragraph 3
A．She worked hard on her latest book.
B．She protected Warner Park on her own.
C．Her birding class consisted of advisors.
D．Her activism led to positive chain effects.
22．What does Jeremy's experience suggest
A．Interest in nature differs between children and adults.
B．Children learn more from nature than from books.
C．Children are born curious about outdoor activities.
D．Potential in children can be released with proper guide.
23．Which is the best title for the text
A．A Joyful Experience of Birding
B．The Transformative Power of Birding
C．A Life Journey of an Environmentalist
D．The Self Appreciation of a Book Writer
Thanks to the 1999Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act, 26 endangered species in Australia have seen their populations recover.
It seems like that we’re always hearing about new animals that have become endangered, but there's some good news in Australia: 26 animal species no longer meet the criteria to be listed as threatened. Australia’s biodiversity has been in decline, with more than 1, 700 species and ecological communities known to beon the line. In 1999, the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act was passed to introduce protections for endangered animals. The burrowing bettong is one of 26 Australian species that have returned from the edge of extinction.
Seemingly these are working, as a recent study published in the journalBiological Conservationreviewed the animals that were previously or currently listed as threatened between 2000 and December 2022, and discovered that 26 species had recovered to no longer meet the criteria. Species that have seen improvement include the charmingly named burrowing bettong, the golden bandicoot and the bulloo grey grasswren.
Factors behind this improvement include habitat management, control of introduced predators (捕食者) and translocation of endangered animals to predator-free islands. However, the species have not been officially delisted at this time. The EPBC Act only allows species to be delisted if doing so will not have a negative effect on their survival, and researchers believe that conservation gains could be lost should management efforts be stopped.
Dr Michelle Ward, a conservation scientist at WWF Australia, told The Guardian, “The key problem with delisting species is that then they no longer have monitoring and no longer need certain funding plans.”
However, it is promising that researchers have found signs of improvement. Hopefully this will continue among these and other species!
24． What do the underlined words “on the line” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Out of place. B．At risk.
C．Under control. D．On the increase.
25． What did a recent study find
A．Some animals are facing extinction.
B．Burrowing bettong is a charming species.
C．The criteria to be delisted were hard to meet.
D．26 endangered species’ populations are recovering.
26． The species haven’t been delisted officially because______.
A．their living situation is severe B．the delisting consequences are uncertain
C．the conservation gains are short D．the habitat management level is poor
27． What is the author’s attitude towards the researchers’ discovery
A．Unconcerned. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Worried.
[江西宜春2024高二期中]The 2023 Shanghai Coffee Culture Week opened on May 13, with a variety of activities integrating industry, culture and lifestyle scheduled.
On the event’s opening day, Yongpu Coffee, in collaboration with the food delivery platform Eleme and China Construction Bank, offered 30,000 cups of coffee for free. Multiple coffee brands such as Luckin Coffee and McCafe will also provide free coffee and coupons (优惠券) during the event.
From May 18 to 21, West Bund International Coffee and Lifestyle Festival is taking place in Xuhui Binjiang area, involving more than 100 coffee brand outlets (销售点) located along a 5-kilometer shoreline of the Huangpu River.
It is the first time that Shanghai has launched such a large coffee-themed market, organizers said. In addition to enjoying freshly brewed coffee, visitors can attend diverse activities such as exhibitions, performances and workshops to experience coffee culture.
Many cultural sites in the city are also participating in the coffee culture week. Sinan Mansions in downtown Shanghai is holding the Bonjour Coffee Art Fair from May 19 to 21,which has attracted some 20 coffee staff members and 80 artists.
The Shanghai History Museum will launch the Square Coffee Festival, inviting fans and industry experts to share their knowledge about coffee. Meanwhile, the Shanghai Books and Periodicals Distribution Association will hold a coffee-themed book fair in more than 80 stores across the city.
Organizers said they hope these events will boost the consumption of coffee and cultural products, and promote the coordinated development of the two industries.
The Shanghai Coffee Industry Summit will take place on May 26, which includes two roundtable discussions and about 10 seminars. Corporate leaders will discuss the latest consumer trends and offer their insights into hot topics.
According to data from domestic tech and retail giant Meituan, the value of China’s freshly brewed coffee industry is expected to reach 15.79 billion yuan ($2.25 billion) this year. It was valued at 8.97 billion yuan in 2021.
28．What can visitors do during the 2023 Shanghai Coffee Culture Week
A．Get coupons and make freshly brewed coffee.
B．Enjoy free coffee and read coffee-themed books.
C．Visit coffee exhibitions and put on performances.
D．Share ideas about coffee and get employed in workshops.
29．Why was the Coffee Culture Week hosted
A．To hold diverse activities. B．To spread knowledge about coffee.
C．To show the city’s unique features. D．To promote coffee industry and culture.
30．What can we infer from the data offered by Meituan
A．Coffee consumption is increasing rapidly in China.
B．Meituan has benefited a lot from coffee industry.
C．The Coffee Culture Week has boosted the coffee industry.
D．Freshly brewed coffee industry is the most promising industry.
31．In which section of a newspaper does this text probably appear
A．Entertainment. B．Culture.
C．Health. D．Science.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
What’s Really Green
Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment,and the majority of us take steps to save energy,and reduce waste and pollution.But recently,some“green truths” have been shown to be only half true,or even completely false.　1　
Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals,which mistake them for food.It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down,but much less time for paper.Because of this,people think paper bags are the better environmental choice.
However,making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.　2　 In fact,both kinds of bags are bad for the environment.So,take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping.
　3　
It seems like common sense:eating local food should be better for the environment,because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport.　4　 It is the production of food,not its transport,that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.In some cases,local food might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than food grown a long way away,even taking into account its transport.
It’s better to take a shower than a bath.
　5　 If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower,you’ll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water.Therefore,the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.
Environmental awareness is now part of daily life.But it’s worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what’s really green.
A．So say no to plastic bags.
B．Here are some common ones.
C．Unfortunately,it is not that simple.
D．Eating local food is good for the environment.
E．The process also produces more greenhouse gases.
F．It’s time that we should take some measures to protect our environment.
G．It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
请用方框中所给词汇或短语的正确形式完 成下列句子。
release threat negotiate assignment access objective barrier to devote oneself to pay off occupy...with
32．This unique and delicate place is now under from pollution and climate change.
33．Justina’s mother told her to look at the situation and be less emotional.
34．The team was happy because it was to a rather easy group in the Olympics.
35．Not many people are able to their career in their whole life.
36．The beach is easily to visitors who travel by train.
37．The terms of this deal are , so it is possible that we can get this item changed.
38．With the final exam around the corner, he preparing for it.
39．When an ant finds food, it a chemical to mark the path so that it can find
40．All the effort of the team when they won the championship.
41．Age should be no living a rewarding life.
42．The enterprise’s consultant found that she was unfit to her normal work.
43．Why not an organisation to discuss some awkward problems we are facing now
44．If you try to memorize everything，you will remembering nothing.
45．I have learned that the exhibition consists of masterpieces painted by famous Chinese artists.
46．The effective measures the development of local economy.
47．These moderate methods have the development of the whole community.
48． the whole event made the surgeon under extreme pressure.
49．He had undergone some unexpected matters and he being an unhappy man.
50．Firstly，these beneficial activities can build up our strength. ，they can finally refresh our spirits.
51．With some effective measures ，the factory can be stimulated.
52．The animals I just now are penguins，which are faced with survival crises.
53． his symptoms，the doctor could say for sure that he was suffering from bad flu.
54．All the specialists suggest right away to approach the urgent matter.
55．Their quarrel extreme chaos on the street.
56． building a harmonious society is what we should do.
从上面默写核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子
57．According to the agenda in our school，we will two chemical experiments in two weeks.
58．Dozens of animals in tropical jungles in the past decade due to the serious climate changes.
59．His devotion to the job his eventual success as a specialist in chemistry.
60．On behalf of all the students，I must point out that you should the whole event.
61．Honestly speaking，a harmonious atmosphere in our class our studies positively.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
62．The swimming club is open to families in the neighborhood restriction.
63．We can share the responsibility to protect wild animals and live harmony with them.
64．He submitted the report on the matter the committee.
65．I frequently deliver speeches behalf of my school,which makes me more responsible and hard-working.
66．The pessimistic businessman advertised his goods in a dishonest way,thus getting (fine).
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
67．假定你是李华，“The Significance of Sorting out Rubbish”项目组负责人，将在下周英语口语课上做项目汇报，请写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1．开展情况；
2．项目意义。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Good morning, everyone!
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参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】副词的词义辨析、动物植物、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、环境保护、说明文
【答案】
1．B
2．D
3．A
4．C
5．B
6．B
7．C
8．D
9．D
10．A
11．A
12．D
13．B
14．C
15．C
【分析】本文为说明文。本文讲述了保护生物多样性的重要性，号召人们采取行动保护我们赖以生存的地球。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个复杂的术语不仅指地球上令人难以置信的生命多样性，还指从基因到整个生态系统如何相互作用，从而使地球适于居住。A. argument论点；B. term术语；C. structure结构；D. problem问题。根据上一句可知，生物多样性这个概念经常被引用，但也经常被误解。这是个复杂的“术语”，故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：坏消息:科学表明，全球生物多样性正在以比人类历史上任何时候都要快的速度恶化。A. altering改变；B. developing发展；C. stabilizing安定；D. worsening恶化。根据“The bad news”可知，这是一个坏消息，因此排除其他选项，选项D. worsening(恶化)符合语境，故选D。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们是生态系统的一部分，没有它我们就不能生存。A. ecosystem生态系统；B. threat威胁；C. cycle循环；D. procedure程序，步骤。上文讲到，如果生物多样性消失，人类也会消失，可知，我们是生态系统(ecosystem)的一部分。故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Woodley说，要防止这样的灾难，首先要了解生物多样性为什么在下降，然后采取行动扭转局面。A. affect影响；B. change改变；C. reverse反转，扭转；D. continue继续。根据语境可知，我们要了解生物多样性下降的原因，并且采取措施扭转这一过程，故选C。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生物多样性丧失的两大原因是栖息地的丧失，主要是在陆地上，以及过度开发，主要是在海洋中。A. aspects方面；B. causes原因；C. consequences结果；D. occasions场合，机会。根据句意可知，栖息地的丧失是生物多样性衰退的原因（cause）之一，故选B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他解释说，我们可以通过永久地保护更多的土地和海洋，并根据它们的保护价值管理它们来解决这些问题。A. acquiring获得；B. protecting保护；C. exploiting开发；D. possessing占有。根据句意，我们要“保护（protect）”土地和海洋，故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项运动并不是简单地保护地球的30%，而是鼓励各国与当地社区通力合作，关注正确的30%。A. management管理；B. announcement公告；C. campaign战役，活动；D. competition竞争，比赛。这里指“the global Campaign for Nature（全球保护自然运动）”，故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Woodley说，这些地区拥有最重要的生物多样性，如濒危物种和生态系统以及稀有物种和生态系统。A. consume消耗；B. destroy毁坏；C. lose丢失；D. contain包含。全球自然运动的使命是保护这些地区，是因为这些地区拥有（contain）最重要的生物多样性，故选D。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该运动也认识到尊重地方权利的重要性。A. denying否认；B. enjoying喜欢；C. ignoring忽略；D. respecting尊重。根据下文可知，当地人民管理或拥有土地的使用权，因此该运动认识到尊重他们的重要性，故选D。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当地人民管理或拥有土地使用权，这些土地支撑着世界上约80%的生物多样性，使这些社区成为制定和执行战略的全面伙伴至关重要。A. essential必要的，必不可少的；B. simple简单的；C. temporary临时的；D. profitable有益的。根据上文，当地人民在保护生物多样性方面十分重要，全球自然运动有必要与当地社区联合行动保护多样性，选项A符合语境，故选A。
11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，国家地理常驻探险家Enric Sala博士说，保护关键生物多样性地区的健康对于应对气候变化至关重要。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Thus因此；D. Otherwise否则。上文讲述了保护生物多样性的重要性，该句讲“保护生物多样性对于应对气候变化至关重要”，这与上文是并列关系，故选A。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sala的论文认为，与国际巴黎协定结合起来对抗气候变化，将避免灾难性的气候变化，保护物种，并确保基本的生态系统服务。A. witness目击；B. detect察觉；C. confirm确认，证实；D. avoid避免。根据句意，对抗气候变化会“避免（avoid）”灾难性的气候变化，故选D。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：树木、湿地、草原、泥炭沼泽、盐沼、健康的海洋生态系统、红树林和植物吸收了人类排放到大气中的大部分碳污染。A. measure衡量；B. absorb吸收；C. survive存活；D. prevent阻止。根据常识，树木“吸收（absorb）”大气中的碳，故选B。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“移居火星不是一个选择。” Sala补充说，“我们的生活和人类社会繁荣的唯一条件是在地球上。”A. mission使命；B. decision决定；C. option选项，选择；D. exploration探索。根据下文，Sala认为人类唯一得以生存和繁荣的地方就是地球，因此认为移居火星不是一个（正确的）选择。故选C。
15．考查固定短语。句意：我们有责任保护它。A. (be) worried about担心；B. (be) confident in自信；C. (be) responsible for对…负责；D. (be) good at擅长。根据上文可知，我们有责任保护我们赖以生存的地球，故选C。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、环境保护、科普知识、细节理解、词句猜测、说明文
【答案】
16．D
17．A
18．C
19．B
【详解】
〖导语〗这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种节约能源、调节室内温度的充水玻璃窗的结构、工作原理和前景；
16．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话“Traditional glass windows increase the heat and temperature in the room in summers, and let the heat inside escape in winters, resulting in more electricity consumed for air-conditioners and more carbon emissions. (传统的玻璃窗在夏季会增加室内的热量和温度，而在冬季会让室内的热量逸散，导致空调耗电量增加，碳排放量增加)”可知，传统玻璃窗的缺点是会导致更多的能源消耗。故选D；
17．段落大意题。根据第三段第一句话“The “water-filled glass” (WFG) system, designed by Dr. Matyas Gutai, involves a sheet of water being trapped between a panel (嵌板) of glass, and the water is practically invisible. The windows are connected to an indoor storage tank (箱) using pipes hidden in the walls, allowing water to flow easily between the windows and the tank.(由Matyas Gutai博士设计的“充水玻璃”（WFG）系统包括一片水被镶嵌在玻璃板之间，水实际上是看不见的。窗户通过隐藏在墙壁中的管道连接到室内储水箱，使水可以在窗户和水箱之间轻松流动”可知，该段主要介绍了这种新型WFG系统的结构。故选A；
18．推理判断题。根据第四段内容尤其是最后一句话“Although some electricity is required to pump the water back and forth, it uses much less energy than traditional air-conditioners or heaters.(尽管来回抽水需要一些电，但它比传统的空调或加热器消耗的能量要少得多)”可知，这种新型注水玻璃窗全自动运行，需要少量的电力用于输送水，被阳光加热的水不仅可以在温度下降时重新加热房子，还可以有其他家庭用途。由此可推断，WFG系统的特点是可以用多种方式循环用水。故选C；
19．短语猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子的后半句话“appealing to a large crowd of environmentalists and contributing to reducing our carbon footprint(吸引大批环保人士，为减少我们的碳足迹做出贡献)”可知，这种新型窗户一旦上市，就会吸引大批环保人士的关注。所以换线的部分意为“吸引大量的注意”。故选B。
【知识点】动物植物、情节发展、文章标题、环境保护、细节理解、说明文
【答案】20．C
21．D
22．D
23．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了特丽什·奥凯恩通过观鸟缓解了失去家园的痛苦，于是她从事环保事业，并且引发了积极的连锁效应。
【详解】20．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In watching ... pursue an environmentally conscious career.”可知，灾后观鸟带来的安慰促使奥凯恩从事环保事业。故选C。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段“Most of the book ... college student advisors.”可知，奥凯恩的行动主义促使她成立了当地的鸟类观测和保护机构，即她的行动主义产生了积极的连锁效应。故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Take Jeremy ... the field guide given to him by his advisor.(以杰里米为例，他似乎对奥凯恩的观鸟课不感兴趣。当记者们参加一次郊游时，平时安静的杰里米开始兴奋地谈论起一只蓝色的小鸟鹀。奥凯恩很快就知道他已经秘密地开始研究他的导师给他的野外指南。)”可知，杰里米的经历说明了孩子的潜能可以在适当的引导下释放出来。故选D。
23．标题归纳题。通读全文，结合最后一段中的“ In her case, it is liberation from the grief and depression that the hurricane brought. ‘Bird by bird, they carve a new pathway in my life, a joyful pathway.’(对她来说，这是从飓风带来的悲伤和沮丧中解脱出来。‘一只又一只鸟，它们在我的生命中开辟了一条新的道路，一条快乐的道路。’)”可知，文章主要介绍了奥凯恩通过观鸟缓解了失去家园的痛苦，于是她从事环保事业，并且引发了积极的连锁效应。由此可知，B选项“观鸟的变革力量”最符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B。
【知识点】动物植物、环境保护、短语猜测、细节理解、观点态度、说明文
【答案】
24． B
25． D
26． B
27． C
【分析】
本文为一篇说明文，讲述了由于1999年《环境保护和生物多样性保护法》的颁布，澳大利亚26种濒危物种的数量已经恢复。
【详解】
24． 词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前文“Australia’s biodiversity has been in decline, with more than 1, 700 species and ecological communities known to be(澳大利亚的生物多样性一直在下降，已知有超过1700个物种和生态群落)”可知，画线词生物多样性下降，处于危机中。故选B。
25． 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Seemingly these are working, as a recent study published in the journalBiological Conservationreviewed the animals that were previously or currently listed as threatened between 2000 and December 2022, and discovered that 26 species had recovered to no longer meet the criteria.(最近发表在《生物保护》杂志上的一项研究似乎正在发挥作用，该研究回顾了2000年至2022年12月期间以前或目前被列为受威胁的动物，发现26个物种已经恢复，不再符合标准。)”可知，最近的研究表明，26个濒危物种的数量正在恢复。故选D。
26． 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“However, the species have not been officially delisted at this time. The EPBC Act only allows species to be delisted if doing so will not have a negative effect on their survival, and researchers believe that conservation gains could be lost should management efforts be stopped.(然而，这个物种目前还没有被正式摘牌。EPBC法案只允许在不会对其生存产生负面影响的情况下将物种从名单上除名，研究人员认为，如果管理工作停止，保护成果可能会失去。)”及下一段“The key problem with delisting species is that then they no longer have monitoring and no longer need certain funding plans.(将物种从名单上除名的关键问题是，它们不再受到监控，也不再需要特定的资助计划。)”可知，这个物种没有从名单上被移除是因为移除名单后有很多不确定性，后果尚不确定。故选B。
27． 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, it is promising that researchers have found signs of improvement. Hopefully this will continue among these and other species!(然而，令人鼓舞的是，研究人员已经发现了改善的迹象。希望这将在这些和其他物种之间继续下去。)”可推知，作者对于研究发现是乐观的，持有积极态度。故选C。
【知识点】推理判断、文化、细节理解、说明文
【答案】
28．B
29．D
30．A
31．B
【详解】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了2023年上海咖啡文化周的开幕和活动安排，组织者希望通过咖啡文化周活动，希望促进咖啡消费和文化产品的发展，并推动两个产业的协同发展。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段中“On the event’s opening day, Yongpu Coffee, in collaboration with the food delivery platform Eleme and China Construction Bank, offered 30,000 cups of coffee for free.”以及第六段中“Meanwhile, the Shanghai Books and Periodicals Distribution Association will hold a coffee-themed book fair in more than 80 stores across the city.”可知，在本次活动中，参加者们不仅可以品尝到免费咖啡，同时还可以参加一场以咖啡为主题的书展，阅读到与咖啡主题相关的书籍。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Organizers said they hope these events will boost the consumption of coffee and cultural products, and promote the coordinated development of the two industries.”可知，举行咖啡文化周是为了促进咖啡和文化产品的消费，促进两大产业的协调发展。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to data from domestic tech and retail giant Meituan, the value of China’s freshly brewed coffee industry is expected to reach 15.79 billion yuan ($2.25 billion) this year. It was valued at 8.97 billion yuan in 2021.”可知，美团的数据表明中国的咖啡消费量正在迅速增长。故选A。
31．推理判断题。推理判断题。根据第一段“The 2023 Shanghai Coffee Culture Week opened on May 13, with a variety of activities integrating industry, culture and lifestyle scheduled. ”以及全文内容可知，文章介绍了2023年上海咖啡文化周的开幕和活动安排，由此推断文章出自于报纸的文化部分。故选B。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】need、主语、环境保护、议论文、购物
【答案】32．B
33．E
34．D
35．C
36．G
【分析】本文是议论文。文章讲述了一些常见的环保误区,揭示了真正的环保理念。
【解析】32．分析语境可知,设空句起到引出下文的作用。结合后文提到的一些环保常识误区可知,选项B中“some common ones”与后文提到的例子相呼应。
33．根据前文可知,这里提及生产纸质购物袋的过程能源消耗大,是纸质购物袋的不环保之处,因此可推知,设空句应继续讲述其不环保之处。且选项E中“The process”与前文提及的生产过程相呼应,“also”与前文形成并列关系。
34．设空句为该部分标题句,根据后文“It seems like common sense:eating local food should be better for the environment,because...”可推知,该部分的常识误区为“吃当地食物是环保的”。
35．根据前文可知,这里提到了人们误认为吃当地的食物对环境更好的原因在于其不需要长途运输和冷藏,而后文提到了食物的不环保本质在于生产而不是运输过程,因此设空句作为中间句,应是一个转折句。
36．后文讲到淋浴时间超过八分钟所用的水与泡澡一样多,环保的关键在于缩短时间。而设空句作为该段首句,应引起下文,所以G项“关键在于你淋浴的时间和你的浴缸大小”符合语境。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、动词短语、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析
【答案】32．threat 33．objectively 34．assigned 35．devote themselves to 36．accessible 37．negotiable 38．was occupied with 39．releases 40．paid off 41．barrier to
【详解】32．考查名词。句意：这个独特而精致的地方现在正受到污染和气候变化的威胁。根据from pollution and climate change可知，空处应用名词threat“威胁”，under threat from为固定短语，意为“受到……的威胁”。故填threat。
33．考查副词。句意：贾斯蒂娜的母亲告诉她要客观地看待情况，不要那么情绪化。根据and be less emotional可知，空处应用objective的副词形式objectively，修饰look at the situation，表示“客观地”，作状语。故填objectively。
34．考查动词语态。句意：这个团队很高兴，因为它被分配到了一个相对容易的小组参加奥运会。根据to a rather easy group in the Olympics可知，空处应用assignment的动词assign“分配”，与指代The team的it为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与空前的was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填assigned。
35．考查固定短语。句意：没有多少人能够终生致力于自己的事业。根据their career in their whole life可知，空处应用动词短语devote oneself to“致力于”，位于不定式符号to后，动词应用原形。根据主语Not many people可知，此处用反身代词themselves。故填devote themselves to。
36．考查形容词。句意：海滩对乘火车旅行的游客来说很容易到达。根据空后的to visitors可知，海滩对乘火车旅行的游客来说很容易到达，空处应用access的形容词accessible“可到达的，可进入的”，作表语。故填accessible。
37．考查形容词。句意：这项交易的条款是可以谈判的，所以我们有可能改变这个项目。根据空后的so it is possible that we can get this item changed可知，这项交易的条款是可以谈判的，空处应用negotiate的形容词negotiable“可谈判的”，作表语。故填negotiable。
38．考查固定短语、时态。句意：随着期末考试临近，他全身心投入到准备中。根据句意及空前的“With the final exam around the corner可知，他全身心投入到准备中，本空用固定短语occupy... with的变形be occupied with，表示“忙于，专心于”，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，主语为he，be动词用was。故填was occupied with。
39．考查动词、时态。句意：当蚂蚁找到食物时，它会释放一种化学物质来标记路径，以便它能找到。根据a chemical可知，空处应用动词release“释放”，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语it为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数。故填releases。
40．考查固定短语、时态。句意：当他们赢得冠军时，球队所有的努力都得到了回报。根据when they won the championship可知，空处应用固定短语pay off“得到回报”，根据won可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填paid off。
41．考查固定短语。句意：年龄不应该成为过上充实生活的障碍。根据living a rewarding life可知，年龄不应该成为过上充实生活的障碍，空处应用固定短语barrier to，表示“……的障碍”，根据Age可知，此处指年龄这一种障碍，用单数形式。故填barrier to。
【知识点】动词短语
【答案】
42．carry out
43．set up
44．end up
45．dozens of
46．contribute to
【知识点】一般过去时的基本用法和结构、副词短语、动名词作主语、动词短语
【答案】47．had an impact on
48．Being responsible for
49．ended up
50．In addition
51．in effect
【知识点】一般过去时的基本用法和结构、介词短语、动名词作主语、动名词的一般式：doing
【答案】
52．referred to
53．According to
54．taking action
55．led to
56．Taking responsibility for
【知识点】一般现在时、动词短语、形容词短语、现在完成时、语法一致
【答案】
57．carry out
58．have died out
59．contributes to
60．be responsible for
61．has an effect on
五、单句
【知识点】其他介词
62．【答案】without
【知识点】其他介词
63．【答案】in
【知识点】其他介词
64．【答案】to
【知识点】介词短语
65．【答案】on
【知识点】过去分词作补足语
66．【答案】fined
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般将来时、演讲稿、环境保护
67．【答案】Good morning, everyone!
I’m Li Hua, thrilled to report our project “The Significance of Sorting out Rubbish”.
At the beginning, our four-member team carefully planned and assigned tasks based on individual strengths, ensuring each of us had an equal opportunity to contribute. Over the past four weeks, we have been actively engaged in a variety of hands-on sorting-out rubbish activities in different communities. To our joy, this project was a great success. Not only did it highlight the importance of dealing with rubbish correctly, but it greatly beautified our environment and strengthened our community bonds.
To conclude, this project has been a rewarding experience. Thank you for your attention.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就“The Significance of Sorting out Rubbish”项目写一篇发言稿，在下周英语口语课上做项目汇报。
【详解】
1．词汇积累
激动的：thrilled→excited
机会：opportunity →chance
各种各样的：a variety of→various
重要性：importance→significance
2．句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To conclude, this project has been a rewarding experience.
拓展句：To conclude, there is no doubt that this project has been a rewarding experience.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 At the beginning, our four-member team carefully planned and assigned tasks based on individual strengths, ensuring each of us had an equal opportunity to contribute.（运用了现在分词作状语）
【高分句型2】 Not only did it highlight the importance of dealing with rubbish correctly, but it greatly beautified our environment and strengthened our community bonds.（运用了not only放句首构成的部分倒装）
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第三册英语 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元能力提高综合练习2【含答案WORD版版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
To prevent tsunami-caused disasters, several countries worked together to expand the use of a tsunami-detecting system that had been developed in the United States by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The system 1 of an instrument installed on the seafloor — called a tsunameter — that measures pressure changes caused by a passing tsunami. The tsunameter sends a signal to a surface buoy(浮标), which sends the data to a satellite, which 2 the information to warning centers around the world.
By 2004 only six such detectors had been installed, all in the Pacific. There were 3 in the Indian Ocean, and many countries in the region had no national warning centers that could have 4 local communities. That policy mistake had tragic consequences. In Sumatra people had only a few minutes to run, 5 the tsunami took two hours to reach India, and some 16,000 people died there. “It was totally unnecessary,” says Paramesh Banerjee, a geo-physicist at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. “Technically it would have been relatively 6 to install a tsunami warning system for the Indian Ocean.”
There are now 53 detector buoys operating in the world’s oceans, including 6 of a planned 27 in the Indian Ocean. So a(n) 7 of the 2004 horror, in which the tsunami traveled for hours and still caught people by 8 is less likely. But buoys would not have helped in Sumatra. People living on coasts near a rupturing fault(地壳断层) can’t wait for 9 that a tsunami is on its way, which it often isn’t; they must flee as soon as the quake hits. The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers(地震测量仪) — a thousand of them 10 the country, the densest network anywhere — combined with a computer model that forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude(震级) and 11 of the quake.
In March, the system, which is run by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), did not work perfectly. JMA’s initial 12 , while the ground was still shaking, put the quake magnitude at 7.9 — but later analysis revealed a quake that, at magnitude 9, was 12 times larger. The tsunami forecast warned of waves of ten feet or more — but they reached 50 feet in Minanisanriku and in some places even 13 . But the human 14 to the warning was imperfect as well. “I think this time many people who lived above the high-water mark of the 1960 tsunami didn’t bother to run,” says Jin Sato, mayor of Minanisanriku. “Many of them died.” The town’s seawall, he thinks, also gave people a false sense of 15 .
1． A．approves B．rids C．expects D．consists
2． A．broadcasts B．foresees C．assigns D．imposes
3． A．some B．a few C．none D．others
4． A．qualified B．alerted C．substituted D．fueled
5． A．although B．until C．as D．where
6． A．difficult B．thoughtful C．easy D．pressing
7． A．alternative B．perspective C．repetition D．resume
8． A．surprise B．mistake C．accident D．force
9． A．reference B．confirmation C．suggestion D．expectation
10．A．undertake B．multiply C．deposit D．blanket
11．A．location B．direction C．territory D．length
12．A．note B．catalogue C．volume D．estimate
13．A．worse B．larger C．higher D．wider
14．A．schedule B．scheme C．monitor D．response
15．A．warning B．security C．setting D．responsibility
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. Nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating as well as lighting.
These findings show that the use of deadly fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.
WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. These diseases can often result from the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal.
The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatermala and Peru,are also at risk.
Nigel Brace is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.There are already multiple technologies available for use in clean fuels.There is really quite an effective and reasonably low-cost alcohol stove made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company) that is now being tested out. LPG (Liquefield Petroleum Gas) cook is obviously widely available and efforts are under way to make those efficient. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves. WHO experts note that some new, safe and low-cost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $8.00. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.
But this,the agency says, is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances/devices.
16．What does the indoor pollution mainly result from
A．Poisonous fuels. B．High technology. C．Space heaters. D．Solar energy.
17．How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed
A．By showing differences. B．By describing a process.
C．By making a list. D．By analyzing data.
18．What can we infer from the passage
A．Indoor pollution results in some deaths.
B．Most of the deaths are in developing countries.
C．The solid fuels are used in more effective ways.
D．There is no indoor pollution in developed countries.
19．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．LPG cooks are being tested out. B．Alcohol stoves are widely used now.
C．Electric induction stoves are expensive. D．Solar lamps are very cheap in Africa.
A lunch break—it’s an important and often necessary part of our working or school day. And now we’re spoilt (惯坏) with a lot of places to buy our lunch from, all offering attractive dishes and sandwiches to eat on the go.
But our appetite for buying our lunchtime fare is not just costing us money, there might be a cost in terms of damaging our planet too. Just grabbing a sandwich, crisps and maybe a cake and coffee can produce at least four items of waste. Paper boxes, cups, wrappers and plastic knives and forks are all part of our disposable feast in addition to the food waste we create. Some experts say throwing away food, which produces methane as it rots, is a bigger cause of climate change than plastics.
But regardless of what causes the most damage, the solution, according to an environmental campaign group called Hubbub, is to eat packed lunches. Tessa Tricks from the group says, “People are saying that they are buying food to take out because life has got busier.” And she says people think they are being more efficient; but she argues that it’s usually healthier and cheaper to make your own lunch. It means you can eat the things you really want and make the quantity that you actually need.
Of course, preparing your lunch is another thing to fit into your morning scramble (忙乱) of getting ready for work, so if you haven’t got time and you are going to buy lunch, an alternative that Hubbub suggests is to take your own container to a shop and ask them to put your food in it. The idea of using reusable coffee cups for hot drinks and refilling water bottles has already proved successful, so this could be another step in the right direction.；
20．What’s the second paragraph mainly about
A．Eating habits are suggested by experts. B．Buying lunch costs amounts of money.
C．Eating fast food does no good to health. D．Buying lunch causes damage to environment.；
21．What does Hubbub advise people to do
A．Eat what you like. B．Make lunch by yourself.
C．Stop eating packed lunches. D．Try to be more efficient in work.；
22．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph mean
A．Eating packed lunches. B．Using reusable coffee cups.
C．Taking your own container. D．Using recyclable water bottles.；
23．What is the best title of the text
A．Is Lunchtime Fare More Tasty B．Is Your Lunch Costing the Earth
C．Are You Still Throwing Away Food D．Are You Ready to Prepare Your Lunch
B
Daniel Brush，an astonishing worker in gold，jewels and steel died on November 2022，aged 75.Students from a jewellery school once came to Brush’s studio，a loft in mid-Manhattan，awed to be meeting a figure who，to them，was a worker of miracles.
For 45 years in that loft，he had pursued his calling.His wife Olivia was the only company.He produced hundreds of objects of all sorts，most of them exquisite and many astonishingly small.Rather than use electricity，he laboured alone in a forest of antique machines and when tools frustrated him he made his own，displaying them in cupboards as art in themselves.
Above all else，he worked in gold.His obsession took fire when at 13 he saw an Etruscan gold bowl in the Victoria and Albert Museum.The ancient technique of applying gold beads as fine as sand-grains to a curved gold surface without solder(焊接)，was stunning，but so was the lightness of spirit.
He resolved then that he would make such a bowl，and gold became the study of his life.Simply to watch it melt，turn to red-hot and white-hot，then glow purple，was magical.To hold pure gold grain and let it move slowly through his fingers restored his calm of spirit.His chief motivation，he said，was to understand the material and，through that，himself.He wondered why his heart had beaten so fast in the museum that day.Gold in particular had a message for him.His contact with this glorious metal might focus all his attention and help him to hear it.
He developed delicate craftsmanship，with each object virtually a museum piece.For Daniel Brush，he loved the idea that one might take a piece made by Brush out of a pocket，let its beauty pass from mind to mind，and smile.That too was what its maker was after.
24．What can we learn about Daniel Brush
A．Students visited him regularly.
B．He began to live in his loft in 1975.
C．He tended to use ancient crafts to produce objects.
D．Most objects he produced were of a surprisingly small size.
25．What is the main reason for his lifelong study of gold
A．He wanted to learn more about both gold and himself.
B．He wondered why his heart had beat fast in the museum.
C．His calm was restored when gold grain moved through fingers.
D．Gold had a particular message for him and he was eager to hear it.
26．Which of the following can best describe Daniel Brush
A．Stubborn. B．Wealthy.
C．Dedicated. D．Lonely.
27．What does the author try to emphasize in the last paragraph
A．Brush’s valuable works.
B．The admirers Brush expected.
C．Brush’s desire for fame.
D．The artistic ideal Brush pursued.
Old Problem, New Approaches
While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO emissions(排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.
When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.
Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.
Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man, The loss of glaciers there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000 m of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.
Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.
In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”.
More ordinary forms of adaptation arc happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—cither by growing new produce or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.
Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.
28．What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project
A．The project receives government support.
B．Different organizations work with each other.
C．His organization makes the best of a bad situation.
D．The project connects flooded roads and highways.
29．What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming
A．Storing ice for future use. B．Protecting the glaciers from melting.
C．Changing the irrigation time. D．Postponing the melting of the glaciers.
30．What do we learn from the Peru example
A．White paint is usually safe for buildings.
B．The global warming trend cannot be stopped.
C．This country is heating up too quickly.
D．Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.
31．According to the author, polluting industries should .
A．adapt to carbon pollution B．plant highly profitable crops
C．leave carbon emission alone D．fight against carbon pollution
32．What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming
A．Setting up a new standard. B．Reducing carbon emission.
C．Adapting to climate change. D．Monitoring polluting industries.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Why do women always feel cold
The “correct” temperature to be set often forms the basis of office arguments between women and men. Between the sexes, there are always more similarities than differences. 33 Is there any science backing up the widespread belief that women “feel the cold ”more than men
Biological differences between men and women
At around the same body weight, women tend to have less muscle to generate heat. 34 Thus, the skin feels colder, as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels(血管).
Women also tend to have a lower metabolic rate than men, which reduces heat production capacity during cold exposure, making women more likely to feel cold as the temperature drops.
Hormonal differences
The hormones oestrogen(雌激素) and progesterone(黄体素) are found in large quantities in women. 35 Oestrogen enlarges blood vessels at the extremities, meaning more heat can be lost to the surrounding air. And progestcrone can cause the vessels in the skin to tighten, meaning less blood will flow to keep the internal organs warmer, leaving women feeling cooler.
Is it just humans
36 Studies on many species of birds and mammals report that males commonly gather in cooler areas where there is shade, while females and offspring stay in warmer environments where there is sunlight, as the young are unable to regulate their own body temperature during some stages. Therefore, the difference between heat- sensing mechanisms may provide an evolutionary advantage.
So how do we agree on the ideal temperature
In the workplace, personal comfort systems are thermal systems that heat or cool and can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops, chairs, or near the feet and legs. 37 These systems provide individualized thermal comfort to meet personal needs without affecting others in the same space.
【选项】
A．The skin is the first line of defence.
B．They contribute to the core body and skin temperatures.
C．Animals have the same system to regulate body temperature.
D．They also have more fat between the skin and the muscles.
E．The preference for warmer temperatures isn’t unique to humans.
F．Examples include desk fans, heated chairs or foot warmers.
G．Researches show women prefer a higher temperature to men, however.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
38．The teacher said to the boy,“Open the door,please!”
→The teacher (warned/told)the boy to open the door.
assign; attach; echo; devote; filter; recognize
39．With a smart home, almost all your electrical devices can to a power wall in each room.
40．A robot housekeeper, whose metallic voice around day and night, has taken over everything in a 2050 house.
41． his life to the work he chose to do, Zhong spent a lot of time and effort building a collection of seeds for China’s national seed bank.
42． to solve the DNA puzzle, Rosalind worked alone and made one breakthrough after another.
43．Influenced by the language they speak, Russian people are faster when the difference between colors.
44．Individuals who speak two languages found it much easier out the distracting words.
which, why, where, wfsffhen, what, that, whoever, whatever, how
45．Good news has been spread more new books will be bought by the school library.
46．The reason he was late was that he had taken a wrong bus.
47．The notice spread quickly through the campus that we would have a longer holiday, made all the students wild with joy.
48．—John looks down today, what’s up
—Well, happened between John and me is none of your business.
49．The new shopping mall will be located in what used to be a wasteland and a huge garden will be constructed there were numbers of tombs.
50．His eyes stare at is left of the brother’s dinner on the table.
51．Knowing how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.
52． he will come back home is still a question.
53．The difficulty we now meet with is we can persuade him to tell the truth.
set... apart from, reward... with, stick to, bring... to life, be composed of, arise from, proceed to, apply…to
54．As we know, older people have the higher risk of death or serious injury a fall by accident.
55．Unless real experiences properly, book knowledge remains theoretical and, in the end, is useless.
56．The rescue team, 100 medical staff and 120 policemen, came to the flood-stricken area overnight.
57．It’s easy to say that you’ll keep running regularly during the holiday season, but it requires a strategy and willpower.
58． other competitors by his novel design approaches, the young man won the first prize in the competition.
59．The students have been working hard on their lessons and they are convinced that their efforts success in the end.
60．With ancient civilizations by many vivid pictures, that newly published book on history is well received by readers.
61．Patrick paused to refer to his notes before his later demonstration about the tension between Russia and Ukraine.
选词填空
on behalf of，dozens of，lead to，take measures，deal with，carry out
62．As it known to us all, success lies in hard work while laziness failure.
63．I, our class, welcome you warmly and sincerely to participate in the fruit-picking activity.
64．There has been a rapid decline in unemployment since the new policy .
65． to protect endangered animals is what we must do now.
66．The smart girl is accustomed to all kinds of people in her present occupation.
67．The hurricane blew away farming villages and brought down thousands of trees.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
68．The government took steps to give those who explore the resources of the sea an interest in their (conserve)．
69．The old man said that he starved (visit)the place where he worked when he was young again.
70．Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way into the human body. （用单词适当形式填空）
71．This can lead the kinds of errors no human would make.(2023·浙江1月卷)
72．Truck drivers at large don’t like the new speed (restrict) on the highway. (所给词的适当形式填空)
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
73．假定你是小明，你所在的东华社区有人不文明遛狗，请你针对此现象写一份文明遛狗的倡议书，内容包括：
1. 提出倡议；
2. 不文明养狗的弊端；
3. 如何文明遛狗。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：狗绳 leash 文明的 civilized 便便 shit
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】代词辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、环境保护、科普知识、说明文、连词辨析
【答案】
1．D
2．A
3．C
4．B
5．A
6．C
7．C
8．A
9．B
10．D
11．A
12．D
13．C
14．D
15．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了太平洋和印度洋地区的海啸预警系统。
【详解】
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该系统由一个安装在海底的仪器组成，这个仪器被称为海啸计，用来测量海啸经过时造成的压力变化。A. approves赞成；B. rids去掉；C. expects期待；D. consists构成。根据后文“of an instrument installed on the seafloor”可知是在说明系统的构成，由一个安装在海底的仪器组成，短语consist of表示“由……组成”。故选D。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：海啸仪向海面浮标发送信号，浮标将数据发送给卫星，卫星将信息广播到世界各地的预警中心。A. broadcasts广播；B. foresees预见；C. assigns分配；D. imposes强加于。根据上文“which sends the data to a satellite”可知，卫星的作用是将信息广播到世界各地的预警中心。故选A。
3．考查代词词义辨析。句意：印度洋没有，该地区的许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。A. some一些；B. a few少许；C. none没有；D. others其他人。根据上文“By 2004 only six such detectors had been installed, all in the Pacific.(到2004年，只安装了6个这样的探测器，全部在太平洋。)”可知，印度洋一个探测器都没有，应用none。故选C。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. qualified取得资格；B. alerted警告；C. substituted替代；D. fueled加燃料。根据上文“many countries in the region had no national warning centers that could have”可知，印度洋地区许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。故选B。
5．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在苏门答腊岛，人们只有几分钟的时间奔跑，尽管海啸花了两个小时到达印度，大约16000人在那里死亡。A. although虽然；B. until直到；C. as正如，因为；D. where在那里。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用although引导让步状语从句，故选A。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“从技术上讲，在印度洋安装海啸预警系统是相对容易的。”A. difficult困难的；B. thoughtful体贴的；C. easy容易的；D. pressing紧迫的。根据后文“There are now 53 detector buoys operating in the world’s oceans, including 6 of a planned 27 in the Indian Ocean.(目前世界上有53个探测浮标在运行，其中6个在印度洋，计划部署27个。)”可知，印度洋有6个探测浮标，可知从技术上讲，在印度洋安装海啸预警系统是相对容易的。故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，2004年那场海啸持续数小时，但仍让人们措手不及的恐怖事件不太可能重演。A. alternative替代物；B. perspective角度；C. repetition重复；D. resume简历。根据后文“of the 2004 horror, in which the tsunami traveled for hours”此处指持续数小时的海啸让人们措手不及的恐怖事件重演的可能性并不高。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. surprise惊讶；B. mistake错误；C. accident事故；D. force力量。根据上文“still caught people by”可知，指海啸令人措手不及，此处应用catch by surprise表示“通过做某事使某人感到意外或措手不及”。故选A。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活在断裂断层附近海岸的人们迫不及待地等待海啸即将来临的确认，而实际上往往不是这样；他们必须在地震发生后立即逃离。A. reference提及；B. confirmation确认；C. suggestion建议；D. expectation期待。根据后文“that a tsunami is on its way”指确认海啸即将来临的消息。故选B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：日本的预警系统不仅依赖于海啸仪，也依赖于地震仪——全国有上千个地震仪，是世界上最密集的地震仪网络——结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。A. undertake从事；B. multiply大大增加；C. deposit储蓄；D. blanket覆盖。根据上文“The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers — a thousand of them”指地震仪覆盖全国，blanket符合语境。故选D。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. location位置；B. direction方向；C. territory领土；D. length长度。根据上文“forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude and”可知，地震仪结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。故选A。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：日本气象厅在地面仍在震动时的初步估计为7.9级，但后来的分析显示，这次地震的震级为9级，是这次地震的12倍。A. note笔记；B. catalogue独白；C. volume体积；D. estimate估计。根据后文“while the ground was still shaking, put the quake magnitude at 7.9 — but later analysis revealed a quake that, at magnitude 9, was 12 times larger”可知，起初估计地震为7.9级，后来分析发现为9级，故选D。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海啸预报警告说海浪将达到10英尺或更高，但在南三陆岛，海浪达到了50英尺，有些地方甚至更高。A. worse更糟的；B. larger更大的；C. higher更高的；D. wider更宽的。根据上文“but they reached 50 feet in Minanisanriku and in some places even”此处指海浪的高度更高，应用higher。故选C。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是人类对这一警告的反应也不完美。A. schedule安排；B. scheme计划；C. monitor监视器；D. response回答。根据后文“‘I think this time many people who lived above the high-water mark of the 1960 tsunami didn’t bother to run,’ says Jin Sato, mayor of Minanisanriku. ‘Many of them died.’(“我认为，这次许多生活在1960年海啸高水位线以上的人都懒得跑了。”南三陆町市长Jin Sato说。“很多人都死了。”)”可知，人们面对遭难，懒得逃跑，说明人类对这一警告的反应也不完美。故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他认为，这个城镇的海堤也给了人们一种错误的安全感。A. warning警告；B. security安全；C. setting设置；D. responsibility责任。根据上文“The town’s seawall, he thinks, also gave people a false sense of”可知，海堤的作用是防御洪水，即给了人一种错误的安全感。故选B。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】推理判断、环境保护、细节理解、自然生态、说明文
【答案】
16．A
17．C
18．B
19．D
【详解】这是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织警告称，每年有数百万人死于室内空气污染。近30亿人无法使用清洁燃料和技术来做饭、取暖和照明。文章说明了室内污染导致死亡的主要原因、引发疾病以及应对措施等。
16．细节理解题。根据第二段“These findings show that the use of deadly fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.(这些发现表明，在低效的炉子、空间加热器或照明中使用致命燃料是造成许多死亡的原因)”可知，室内污染的主要原因是有毒燃料。故选A。
17．推理判断题。根据第三段“WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. These diseases can often result from the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal.(世卫组织官员说，室内污染会导致中风、心脏病和肺病、儿童肺炎和肺癌等疾病的过早死亡。妇女和女童是主要受害者。这些疾病往往是由燃烧固体燃料引起的。这些燃料包括木材、煤炭、动物粪便、作物粪便和木炭)”可推知，第三段主要是通过列举来展开的。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据第四段“The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatermala and Peru,are also at risk.(联合国发现，撒哈拉以南非洲地区超过95%的家庭依靠固体燃料做饭。该组织说，印度、中国以及危地马拉和秘鲁等拉美国家的大量人口也面临风险)”可推知，大多数死亡发生在发展中国家。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.(在非洲，你花不到1美元就能买到一盏太阳能灯)”可知，D选项“太阳能灯在非洲很便宜”正确。故选D。
【知识点】主旨大意、环境保护、细节理解、词句猜测、说明文
【答案】
20．D
21．B
22．C
23．B
【详解】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了我们购买午餐食品的行为会产生很多危害环境的垃圾和食物垃圾，这对环境造成了危害，呼吁我们自备午餐或使用可重复利用的容器；
20．主旨大意题。根据第二段关键句“But our appetite for buying our lunchtime fare is not just costing us money, there might be a cost in terms of damaging our planet too.”（但是，我们购买午餐食品的欲望不仅仅是在消耗我们的金钱，在破坏我们的星球方面，我们也可能要付出代价。）和“Paper boxes, cups, wrappers and plastic knives and forks are all part of our disposable feast in addition to the food waste we create.”（除了我们制造的食物垃圾外，纸盒、杯子、包装纸和塑料刀叉都是我们一次性盛宴的一部分。）可知，第二段告诉我们购买午餐食品会破坏我们的星球，对环境造成损害，因为购买午餐食品会产生纸盒、杯子、包装纸和塑料刀叉等危害环境的垃圾，由此可知，第二段主要讲的是购买午餐会对环境造成损害。故选D项；
21．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“But regardless of what causes the most damage, the solution, according to an environmental campaign group called Hubbub, is to eat packed lunches.”（但是，根据一个名为Hubbub的环境运动组织的说法，不管什么造成的破坏最大，解决办法是吃自备的午餐。）可知，Hubbub认为要想减少对环境的破坏，解决办法是吃自备的午餐，由此可知，Hubbub建议人们自己做午饭。故选B项；
22．词句猜测题。根据画线单词上句“…an alternative that Hubbub suggests is to take your own container to a shop and ask them to put your food in it.”（……Hubbub建议的另一种选择是把你自己的容器带到商店，让他们把你的食物放进去。）和“The idea of using reusable coffee cups for hot drinks and refilling water bottles has already proved successful”（使用可重复使用的咖啡杯装热饮料和重新装满水瓶的想法已经被证明是成功的）可知，上文介绍了另一种方法，把你自己的容器带到商店，用自己可重复使用的容器装食物或饮品，这种方法已经被证明是成功的，由此可知，画线单词“this”代指的是“带上你自己的容器”，这种方法可能是朝着正确方向迈出的又一步。故选C项；
23．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段关键句“But our appetite for buying our lunchtime fare is not just costing us money, there might be a cost in terms of damaging our planet too.”（但是，我们购买午餐食品的欲望不仅仅是在消耗我们的金钱，在破坏我们的星球方面，我们也可能要付出代价。）可知，本文主要介绍了我们购买午餐食品的行为会产生很多危害环境的垃圾和食物垃圾，这对环境造成了危害，“Is Your Lunch Costing the Earth ”意为“你的午餐会使地球受到损失吗？”选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选B项。
【知识点】推理判断、细节理解、艺术、记叙文
【答案】24．C 25．A 26．C 27．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。Daniel Brush是一位创造奇迹的人，他使用古老的工艺来制作物品，一生追求艺术理想。
【解析】24．推理判断题。根据第二段末句和第三段末句可知，Daniel Brush不喜欢用电动机器，痴迷传统技巧，即他倾向于使用古老的工艺来制作物品。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His chief motivation，he said，was to understand the material and，through that，himself.”可知，他终生研究黄金的主要原因是他想了解更多关于黄金和自己的知识。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“For 45 years in that loft，he had pursued his calling.”以及后文描述的他对黄金的研究和投入可知，Daniel Brush非常投入和专注。故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“For Daniel Brush，he loved the idea...what its maker was after.”可知，作者在最后一段中想要强调的是Brush追求的艺术理想。故选D。
【知识点】天气气候、推理判断、环境保护、社会、细节理解、议论文
【答案】
28．C
29．A
30．D
31．D
32．B
【详解】这是一篇议论文。对于全球变暖这种旧问题，作者认为应该用新方式去解决，最有效的方法是调整我们的能源系统，以减少碳污染的排放；
28．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities.”（穆罕默德·雷兹万在别人只看到灾难的地方看到了机会。他的非营利组织经营着100艘河船，这些船可以作为漂浮的图书馆、学校和诊所，并配备了太阳能电池板和其他通讯设施。）可推知，雷兹万的项目的特别之处是他的组织能尽可能利用糟糕的情况。故选C项；
29．推理判断题。根据第四段中“He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring.”（他把浪费的水倒入浅盆里，在那里结冰，并储存到春天。）可推知，冰人储存冰以备将来使用，以此来减少全球变暖的影响。故选A项；
30．推理判断题。根据第五段中“By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.”（通过将建筑物涂成白色，城市可能会减缓变暖的进程。）以及第六段中“In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.”（在秘鲁，当地农民在一座冰川已经受到气候变化的影响的山上，开始把整个山峰涂成白色，希望增加的反光能恢复赋予生命的冰。）可推知，从秘鲁的例子可以得出阳光反射可以缓解全球变暖。故选D项；
31．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.”（当污染行业争辩说，我们已经失去了控制碳污染的战斗，别无选择，只能适应，这是一个无稽之谈，旨在为一切照旧。）可知，作者认为污染行业应该与碳污染作斗争。故选D项；
32．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.”（但最明智的适应方式无疑是调整我们的能源系统，以减少碳污染的排放。）可知，全球变暖最好的解决方法时减少碳排放。故选B项。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】will、代词、动物植物、方法和策略、环境保护、科普知识、说明文
【答案】
33．G
34．D
35．B
36．E
37．F
【详解】
〖导语〗这是一篇说明文，文章解释了女性比男性更能“感受到寒冷”的原因，这种现象也存在于动物界，最后文章也提到了解决办法；
33．根据上文“Between the sexes, there are always more similarities than differences.(两性之间的相似点总是多于不同点)”可知，两性之间的相似处点多于差异，下文“Is there any science backing up the widespread belief that women ‘feel the cold’ more than men (人们普遍认为女性比男性更能‘感受到寒冷’，这一观点有科学依据吗 )”提到两性对温度的感知差异，故G项“然而，研究表明，女性比男性更喜欢更高的温度”符合语境，说明女性确实在室温的喜好上与男性有差异，与上文形成转折关系，且开启下文。故选G项；
34．根据本段主题句“Biological differences between men and women(男女之间的生理差异)”可知，此段分析女性的生理机制与男性的差异性而导致她们更怕冷，根据上文“At around the same body weight, women tend to have less muscle to generate heat.(在体重大致相同的情况下，女性产生热量的肌肉往往较少)”及下文“Thus, the skin feels colder, as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels(血管).(因此，皮肤感觉更冷，因为它离血管略远)”推知，空处内容也和皮肤及肌肉有关，D项“她们的皮肤和肌肉之间也有更多的脂肪”最恰当，选项中的they指代上文提到的women。故选D项；
35．通过后文“Oestrogen enlarges blood vessels at the extremities, meaning more heat can be lost to the surrounding air. And progestcrone can cause the vessels in the skin to tighten, meaning less blood will flow to keep the internal organs warmer, leaving women feeling cooler.(雌激素会使四肢的血管扩张，这意味着更多的热量会流失到周围的空气中。黄体素会导致皮肤中的血管紧致，这意味着更少的血液流动来保持内部器官的温度，让女性感觉更凉爽)”对这两种物质“The hormones oestrogen (雌激素) and progesterone (黄体素)”的作用进行的分析可知，这两种物质主要是调节身体器官和皮肤的温度，B项“它们有助于提高身体核心和皮肤的温度”符合文意，引起下文，B项中的代词They指代上文的“The hormones oestrogen(雌激素) and progesterone(黄体素)”，故选B项；
36．通过下一句“Studies on many species of birds and mammals report that males commonly gather in cooler areas where there is shade, while females and offspring stay in warmer environments where there is sunlight, as the young are unable to regulate their own body temperature during some stages.(对许多种类的鸟类和哺乳动物的研究报告称，雄性通常聚集在阴凉的凉爽地区，而雌性和后代则呆在阳光充足的温暖环境中，因为幼雏在某些阶段无法调节自己的体温)”提到动物界雄性喜欢更凉爽的地方而雌性喜欢更温暖的地方可知，两性之间对温度偏好的差异性不仅仅局限于人类身上，动物界也有相似的例子，E项“对温暖温度的偏好并非人类所独有”符合语境。故选E项；
37．通过上一句“In the workplace, personal comfort systems are thermal systems that heat or cool and can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops, chairs, or near the feet and legs.(在工作场所，个人舒适系统是加热或冷却的热系统，可以局部放置在单独的工作站上，如桌面、椅子或脚和腿附近)”提到在办公场所可以根据个人需要放置取暖设备可知，空处接着举例说明可以用哪些设备，F项“例如桌扇、加热椅或暖脚器”符合语境，且呼应下一句中的“These systems”。故选F项。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】直接引语和间接引语
38．【答案】told
【知识点】一般现在时、动词不定式作宾语、含情态动词的被动语态、现在分词作状语、现在分词表主动意义、语法一致、过去分词作状语、过去分词表被动意义
【答案】
39．be attached
40．echoes
41．Devoting
42．Assigned
43．recognizing
44．to filter
【详解】
39．考查动词和语态。句意：有了智能家居，几乎所有的电气设备都可以连接到每个房间的电源墙上。根据“to a power wall in each room.”可知，此处是指电气设备能够连接到房间的电源墙上，动词attach符合题意，和主语electrical devices是被动关系，且位于情态动词can后，应用be attached构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填be attached。
40．考查动词和时态。句意：一个机器人管家，其金属般的声音日夜回荡，接管了2050年的房子里的一切。根据“metallic voice”可知，此处是指声音回荡，动词echo符合题意，空处为定语从句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是voice，故填echoes。
41．考查现在分词。句意：钟把自己的一生都奉献给了自己选择的事业，花了大量的时间和精力为中国国家种子银行收集种子。根据“Zhong spent a lot of time and effort building a collection of seeds for China’s national seed bank.”可知，他把自己的一生都奉献给了自己的事业，动词devote符合题意，句中已有谓语动词spent且无连词，故应用非谓语动词作状语，devote和逻辑主语Zhong之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填Devoting。
42．考查过去分词。句意：罗莎琳德被指派解决DNA难题，她独自工作，取得了一个又一个突破。根据句意表示“指派”用动词assign，它和逻辑主语Rosalind之间为被动关系，故用过去分词，作状语。故填Assigned。
43．考查现在分词。句意：受他们所说语言的影响，俄罗斯人在识别颜色差异时速度更快。根据“the difference between colors”可知，此处指识别颜色的差异，动词recognize符合题意，此处用非谓语动词和when构成时间状语，recognize和逻辑主语Russian people之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填recognizing。
44．考查动词不定式。句意：说两种语言的人发现过滤掉令人分心的单词要容易得多。根据“distracting words”可知，此处指过滤掉令人分心的单词，动词filter符合题意，it是形式宾语，此处应用其不定式形式作真正的宾语。故填to filter。
【知识点】where引导的限制性定语从句、why引导的限制性定语从句、主语从句的连接词、同位语从句、宾语从句的连接词、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词、表语从句
【答案】
45．that
46．why
47．which
48．whatever
49．where
50．what
51．whoever
52．When
53．how
【详解】
45．考查同位语从句。句意：好消息已经传开了，学校图书馆将会买更多的新书。分析句子结构可知，“ more new books will be bought by the school library.”为同位语从句，作名词news的同位语，从句不缺成分，需用连接词that引导。故填that。
46．考查定语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是他搭错了公共汽车。分析句子结构可知，“ he was late”是定语从句，先行词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，需用关系副词why引导。故填why。
47．考查定语从句。句意：我们将有更长的假期的通知很快在校园传开了，这使所有的学生欣喜若狂。分析句子结构可知，“ made all the students wild with joy.”为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，引导词指代前面一句话，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
48．考查主语从句。句意：——约翰今天情绪低落，怎么了？——不管我和约翰之间发生了什么，都不关你的事。分析句子结构可知，“ happened between John and me”为主语从句，从句缺少主语，结合语境“无论什么”可知，应填连接代词whatever。故填whatever。
49．考查定语从句。句意：新的购物中心将建在曾经是荒地的地方，在曾经有许多坟墓的地方将建一个巨大的花园。空处引导定语从句，先行词a huge garden在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
50．考查宾语从句。句意：他的眼睛盯着桌上弟弟剩下的饭菜。分析句子结构可知，“ is left of the brother’s dinner on the table”为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
51．考查宾语从句。句意：知道如何订票对任何想做这项工作的人都有帮助。分析句子结构可知，“ wants to do the job.”为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，结合语境“无论是谁”可知，需用whoever引导。故填whoever。
52．考查主语从句。句意：他什么时候回家仍然是个问题。分析句子结构可知，“ he will come back home”为主语从句，从句不缺主语和宾语，结合语境“什么时候”可知，需用连接副词when引导从句。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填When。
53．考查表语从句。句意：我们现在遇到的困难是怎样才能说服他说实话。分析句子结构可知，“ we can persuade him to tell the truth.”为表语从句，结合语境“怎么样”可知，从句缺少方式状语，需用连接副词how引导。故填how。
【知识点】一般将来时的被动语态、动名词作主语、动名词作宾语、动词短语、现在分词表主动意义、省略句、过去分词作状语
【答案】
54．arising from
55．applied to
56．composed of
57．sticking to
58．Set apart from
59．will be rewarded with
60．brought to life
61．proceeding to
【详解】
54．考查短语和非谓语。句意：我们知道，老年人因意外跌倒而死亡或严重受伤的风险较高。结合句意可知，空处需要“由……而起”，短语：arise from“由……引起；起因于”，分析可知，名词injury与动词arise为主谓关系，句中已有谓语have，所以此处用非谓语arising，故填arising from。
55．考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非适当地应用于实际经验，否则书本知识仍然是理论性的，最终也是无用的。分析可知，逗号前为状语从句的省略，其完整句式为：Unless it was applied to real experiences properly，it指代句子主语book knowledge，从句中使用了was，从句的主语和主句主语一致同时用到了be动词，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，所以此处省略了it was，故填applied to。
56．考查过去分词。句意：100名医务人员和120名警察组成的救援队连夜赶到灾区。短语：be composed of“由……组成”，句中已有谓语came，所以此处使用非谓语，过去分词，故填composed of。
57．考查动名词作主语。句意：在假期里坚持定期跑步很容易，但是坚持跑步需要策略和意志力。分析可知，空处在句中作but后句子的主语，根据句意，空处的含义为“坚持”，短语：stick to“坚持”，这里表示习惯，所以用动名词作主语，故填sticking to。
58．考查短语和过去分词。句意：这个年轻人凭借其独特的设计方法与其他竞争对手区别开来，在比赛中获得了一等奖。短语：set apart from“把……与……区分开来”，分析可知，空处在句中为状语，句子主语the young man与动词set为动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词，处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Set apart from。
59．考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：学生们一直在努力学习，他们相信他们的努力最终会获得成功。由句意可知，空处的内容为“回报”，短语：reward...with...“用……回报”。结合句中“success in the end”可知，最终会成功，因此空处的动作表示“将会发生”，所以时态用一般将来时；努力会得到回报，因而effort与动词reward为被动关系，所以用被动语态。因而空处填will be rewarded with，故填will be rewarded with。
60．考查短语和过去分词。句意：那本新出版的历史书以其生动的图片展现了古老的文明，深受读者的喜爱。短语：bring...to life“使苏醒”，根据空后“by many vivid pictures”可知，此处用过去分词短语作补语，故填brought to life。
61．考查短语和动名词。句意：帕特里克停下来参考了他的笔记，然后继续他后来关于俄罗斯和乌克兰之间紧张关系的示威。根据句意，空处的内容为“继续”，短语：proceed to“继续”，before此处为介词，所以空处用动名词，故填proceeding to。
【知识点】一般现在时、一般过去时的被动语态、介词短语、动名词作主语、动名词作宾语、固定句式和习语、语法一致
【答案】62．leads to 63．on behalf of 64．was carried out 65．Taking measures 66．dealing with 67．dozens of
【解析】62．考查动词短语。句意：众所周知，成功在于勤奋，而懒惰则导致失败。根据success lies in hard work以及while表示对比可知，空处是说懒惰会引发不好的结果，且应使用动词短语作谓语，lead to意为“导致”，符合语境，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语使用第三人称单数形式。故填leads to。
63．考查介词短语。句意：我代表全班同学，热烈而真诚地欢迎你参加摘水果活动。根据句意及空后our class可知，空处表示以班级的名义欢迎对方，on behalf of意为“代表”，符合语境。故填on behalf of。
64．考查动词短语。句意：新政策实施以来，失业率迅速下降。根据句意及空前since the new policy可知，空处应使用动词短语，作从句谓语，carry out意为“实施”，符合语境，since引导的时间状语从句，使用一般过去时，且policy与carry out之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was。故填was carried out。
65．考查动词短语。句意：采取措施保护濒危动物是我们现在必须做的事。根据句意及空后to protect endangered animals可知，空处作句子的主语，take measures意为“采取措施”，符合语境，且需用动名词作主语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Taking measures。
66．考查动词短语。句意：这个聪明的女孩习惯了在她现在的职业中与各种各样的人打交道。根据句意及空后all kinds of people可知，deal with 意为“与……打交道，处理”，符合语境，be accustomed to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“习惯于做某事”，故空处应使用动名词形式。故填dealing with。
67．考查固定短语。句意：飓风摧毁了几十个村庄，刮倒了成千上万棵树。根据句意及空前blew away和空后farming villages可知，空处应使用短语dozens of“几十，很多”，作定语，修饰可数名词复数。故填dozens of。
五、单句
【知识点】不可数名词、名词作宾语、派生法
68．【答案】conservation　
【详解】政府采取措施让那些探索海洋资源的人对保护海洋资源感兴趣。设空处作宾语，且其前有their修饰，应用名词。conservation意为“(对自然环境的)保护”，为不可数名词，故填conservation。
【知识点】动词短语
69．【答案】to visit
【知识点】同位语从句
70．【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，所以用that引导同位语从句，对evidence进行补充说明。故填that。
【知识点】动词短语
71．【答案】to
72．【答案】restriction
【详解】考查名词。句意：普通卡车司机不喜欢高速公路上新的限速规定。此处应用名词restriction作宾语，表示“限制规定”，由the可知，特指这个新的限速规定，应用单数，故填restriction。
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、主从复合句、主谓、主谓一致、其他应用文、应用文、时态、特殊句式、简单句、连词
73．【答案】
Recently, some dog owners walk their dogs in uncivilized manners, such as walking dogs without leashes and letting dogs bark at people randomly. Consequently, not only is the environment of our community worsening, but it harms the harmonious relationships among neighbors.
Changing this situation requires considerable effort of dog owners. They are supposed to obey the rules of walking dogs, including preparing a leash whenever they go, picking up the shit and training dogs to behave themselves.
Hoping to see a clean and harmonious community. (85 words)
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生针对社区有人不文明遛狗的现象写一份文明遛狗的倡议书。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 提出倡议；
2. 介绍不文明养狗的弊端；
3. 如何文明遛狗。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
walk dogs; in uncivilized manners; such as; bark at sb.; be supposed to do sth.; obey the rules of doing sth.; pick up
第三步：连词成句
1. Recently, some dog owners walk their dogs in uncivilized manners, such as walking dogs without leashes and letting dogs bark at people randomly.
2. Not only is the environment of our community worsening, but it harms the harmonious relationships among neighbors.
3. Changing this situation requires considerable effort of dog owners.
4. They are supposed to obey the rules of walking dogs, including preparing a leash whenever they go, picking up the shit and training dogs to behave themselves.
5. Hoping to see a clean and harmonious community.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表并列补充关系：not only…but…, and
2.表因果关系：consequently
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. Recently, some dog owners walk their dogs in uncivilized manners, such as walking dogs without leashes and letting dogs bark at people randomly. （动名词短语在句中作such as的宾语）
[高分句型2]. Changing this situation requires considerable effort of dog owners. （动名词短语在句中作主语）
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第三册英语 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元能力提高综合练习3【含答案WORD版版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
[2023秋·甘肃张掖·高二高台县第一中学校考] I took my six-year-old son Joe on a weekend trip to the University of Virginia, my alma mater (母校). I had planned out every detail 1 and wanted my son to become familiar with something dear to me. I 2 him my dorm, my favorite breakfast spot, and even the bar where I’d worked in my 3 . All of this registered with my son, but without the 4 I expected. 5 , we were running out of things to do.
I asked Joe what he wanted to see. I would never 6 his response: “I would not mind finding a swing set (秋千).” That’s when it 7 me that while I thought I knew every inch of my college town, I had no idea 8 to look.
9 , I remembered the Venable Elementary School, something I’d 10 countless times but never really noticed. We parked in the lot, empty on a Saturday, and I 11 my son and watched him delightedly swing back and forth.
What did I learn on that trip First, travel is great fun and often leads to 12 . But maybe greater happiness is just around the corner. Second, do not rely too much on your 13 . Do your best but stay 14 , and always remember what John Lennon said: Life is what happens to you while you are busy making other plans. Third, there is always a new way to 15 things, no matter how much you think you know.
1．A．in total B．in fact C．in advance D．in order
2．A．gave B．showed C．offered D．invited
3．A．college B．company C．childhood D．trip
4．A．thought B．response C．impression D．behavior
5．A．Worse B．Still C．Again D．However
6．A．ignore B．understand C．miss D．forget
7．A．promised B．destroyed C．suggested D．struck
8．A．how B．what C．where D．why
9．A．Hardly B．Eventually C．Undoubtedly D．Surprisingly
10．A．passed B．saw C．visited D．approached
11．A．pushed B．encouraged C．amused D．stared
12．A．joy B．happiness C．excitement D．surprise
13．A．schedules B．others C．plans D．details
14．A．relaxed B．independent C．grateful D．flexible
15．A．look at B．speak up C．hear of D．jump at
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. Nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating as well as lighting.
These findings show that the use of deadly fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.
WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. These diseases can often result from the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal.
The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatermala and Peru,are also at risk.
Nigel Brace is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.There are already multiple technologies available for use in clean fuels.There is really quite an effective and reasonably low-cost alcohol stove made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company) that is now being tested out. LPG (Liquefield Petroleum Gas) cook is obviously widely available and efforts are under way to make those efficient. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves. WHO experts note that some new, safe and low-cost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $8.00. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.
But this,the agency says, is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances/devices.
16．What does the indoor pollution mainly result from
A．Poisonous fuels. B．High technology. C．Space heaters. D．Solar energy.
17．How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed
A．By showing differences. B．By describing a process.
C．By making a list. D．By analyzing data.
18．What can we infer from the passage
A．Indoor pollution results in some deaths.
B．Most of the deaths are in developing countries.
C．The solid fuels are used in more effective ways.
D．There is no indoor pollution in developed countries.
19．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．LPG cooks are being tested out. B．Alcohol stoves are widely used now.
C．Electric induction stoves are expensive. D．Solar lamps are very cheap in Africa.
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers’ argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don’t dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
20．What has Steven Stein been hired to do
A．Help increase grocery sales.
B．Recycle the waste material.
C．Stop things falling off trucks.
D．Argue for the use of plastic bags.
21．What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Bans on plastic bags.
B．Effects of city development.
C．Headaches caused by garbage.
D．Plastic bags hung in trees.
22．What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers
A．They are quite expensive.
B．Replacing them can be difficult.
C．They are less strong than plastic bags.
D．Producing them requires more energy.
23．What is the best title for the text
A．Plastic, Paper or Neither
B．Industry, Pollution and Environment
C．Recycle or Throw Away
D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control
When you walk on a sandy beach, it takes more energy than walking down a sidewalk—because the weight of your body pushes into the sand. It turns out that the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads.
“The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation in the pavement—and it makes it such that it's continuously driving up a very shallow hill,” said Jeremy Gregory, a scientist at M. I. T...He modeled with his teammates how much energy could be saved-and greenhouse gases avoided—by simply hardening the nation's roads and highways.
And they found that hardening 10 percent of the nation's roads every year could prevent emissions equal to 440 megatons of carbon dioxide over the next 5 decades—that amount is equal to how much CO, you'd spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground or by growing 7 billion trees for a decade. It reduces 0.5% of projected transportation emissions over that time period.
As for how to harden roads, Gregory says you could combine small amounts of certain fiber with high technology into paving materials. Or you could pave with specially-made concrete, which is harder than ordinary construction materials.
This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual barriers. “Usually, when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation department, you're talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people—as opposed to changing the way we design and preserve our pavements. That's just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies.” And when it comes to improving our streets and highways-those agencies are where you might say the rubber meets the road.
24．How does the author develop Paragraph 3
A．By giving examples. B．By making classification.
C．By listing figures D．By analyzing causes.
25．What does Gregory suggest for hardening roads
A．Mixing fiber with special concrete. B．Changing regular paving materials.
C．Creating hi-tech computer models. D．Using ordinary building materials.
26．What is an advantage of the road-hardening system
A．It reduces construction costs. B．It profits transportation agencies.
C．It regulates driver behavior. D．It avoids involving too many people.
27．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Walking Down Beaches or Sidewalks B．Hardening Roads Helps Save Energy.
C．How to Cut Down Carbon Emissions D．A System of Hardening Roads.
Old Problem, New Approaches
While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO emissions(排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.
When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.
Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.
Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man, The loss of glaciers there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000 m of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.
Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.
In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”.
More ordinary forms of adaptation arc happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—cither by growing new produce or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.
Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.
28．What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project
A．The project receives government support.
B．Different organizations work with each other.
C．His organization makes the best of a bad situation.
D．The project connects flooded roads and highways.
29．What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming
A．Storing ice for future use. B．Protecting the glaciers from melting.
C．Changing the irrigation time. D．Postponing the melting of the glaciers.
30．What do we learn from the Peru example
A．White paint is usually safe for buildings.
B．The global warming trend cannot be stopped.
C．This country is heating up too quickly.
D．Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.
31．According to the author, polluting industries should .
A．adapt to carbon pollution B．plant highly profitable crops
C．leave carbon emission alone D．fight against carbon pollution
32．What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming
A．Setting up a new standard. B．Reducing carbon emission.
C．Adapting to climate change. D．Monitoring polluting industries.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Why do women always feel cold
The “correct” temperature to be set often forms the basis of office arguments between women and men. Between the sexes, there are always more similarities than differences. 33 Is there any science backing up the widespread belief that women “feel the cold ”more than men
Biological differences between men and women
At around the same body weight, women tend to have less muscle to generate heat. 34 Thus, the skin feels colder, as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels(血管).
Women also tend to have a lower metabolic rate than men, which reduces heat production capacity during cold exposure, making women more likely to feel cold as the temperature drops.
Hormonal differences
The hormones oestrogen(雌激素) and progesterone(黄体素) are found in large quantities in women. 35 Oestrogen enlarges blood vessels at the extremities, meaning more heat can be lost to the surrounding air. And progestcrone can cause the vessels in the skin to tighten, meaning less blood will flow to keep the internal organs warmer, leaving women feeling cooler.
Is it just humans
36 Studies on many species of birds and mammals report that males commonly gather in cooler areas where there is shade, while females and offspring stay in warmer environments where there is sunlight, as the young are unable to regulate their own body temperature during some stages. Therefore, the difference between heat- sensing mechanisms may provide an evolutionary advantage.
So how do we agree on the ideal temperature
In the workplace, personal comfort systems are thermal systems that heat or cool and can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops, chairs, or near the feet and legs. 37 These systems provide individualized thermal comfort to meet personal needs without affecting others in the same space.
【选项】
A．The skin is the first line of defence.
B．They contribute to the core body and skin temperatures.
C．Animals have the same system to regulate body temperature.
D．They also have more fat between the skin and the muscles.
E．The preference for warmer temperatures isn’t unique to humans.
F．Examples include desk fans, heated chairs or foot warmers.
G．Researches show women prefer a higher temperature to men, however.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
38．He said,“Don’t be so impolite,boys.”
→He (told/said) the boys not to be so impolite.
39．He said,“Please come here again tomorrow.”
→He (ordered/asked)me to go there again the next day.
请用方框中所给词汇或短语的正确形式完 成下列句子。
release threat negotiate assignment access objective barrier to devote oneself to pay off occupy...with
40．This unique and delicate place is now under from pollution and climate change.
41．Justina’s mother told her to look at the situation and be less emotional.
42．The team was happy because it was to a rather easy group in the Olympics.
43．Not many people are able to their career in their whole life.
44．The beach is easily to visitors who travel by train.
45．The terms of this deal are , so it is possible that we can get this item changed.
46．With the final exam around the corner, he preparing for it.
47．When an ant finds food, it a chemical to mark the path so that it can find
48．All the effort of the team when they won the championship.
49．Age should be no living a rewarding life.
50．Tree roots have a tendency to______________________ buildings.
2．Heavy use of cellphones tends to_______________distraction during work or study.
3．The scientist_________________global warming at least three times in his presentation.
4．This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature___________________ Earth’s ecology.
5．Mr Smith，________________ his students，is working on the project day and night to finish the task ahead of time.
Complete the sentences with proper forms of the following words.
thrill, contrary, contemporary, subscribe, resign, commitment, motivate, promote, integrity, qualification, concern, inquire, facilitate, respective, release
51．She burst into tears, all her pent-up emotions.
52．To hear the full interview, to the free National Geographic News podcast.
53．His greatest quality is the way he his team.
54． to popular belief, many cats dislike milk.
55．Too many school-leavers lack basic in English and Maths.
56．It gave me a big to meet my favourite author in person.
57．Structured teaching serves as a catalyst (催化剂) that effectively the process of learning.
58．Making a to regular exercise is the first step towards a healthier lifestyle.
59．The customer service representative patiently answered all the questions I
60．The manager was so disappointed with the unfair treatment that he immediately
61．He is among the best-known artists.
62．The area is being as a tourist destination.
63．The students in the group discussed their ideas for the assignment.
64．The report raises serious over safety at the plant.
65．Despite facing numerous temptations, she maintained her and refused to engage in unethical behavior.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
66．We can share the responsibility to protect wild animals and live harmony with them.
67．This can lead the kinds of errors no human would make.(2023·浙江1月卷)
68．My sister advised me (tidy) my room by myself.
69．The boss asked him (explain) why he was late.
70．Not only you help our young volunteers to develop personally, but you’ll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. （用适当的词填空）
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
71．假定你是李华，你校打算邀请外教Ryan在下周五举办的科技节上当评委。请你代表学生会给Ryan写一封邮件。内容如下：
简介科技节；
征求意见并发出邀请。
注意：
写作词数应为80左右；
请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ryan,
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】介词（短语）辨析、副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、故事、记叙文
【答案】
1．C
2．B
3．A
4．B
5．A
6．D
7．D
8．C
9．B
10．A
11．A
12．B
13．C
14．D
15．A
【详解】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者打算带儿子去自己曾经的大学校园参观。作者制订了详尽的计划，但儿子似乎并不上心，他想要的只是一架秋千。最终作者带着儿子找到了秋千，度过了一段快乐的时光。
1．考查介词短语辨析。句意：我提前计划好了每一个细节，希望我的儿子熟悉一些我珍爱的东西。A. in total总数；B. in fact实际上；C. in advance提前；D. in order按顺序。根据句中“had planned out”可知，作者提前作了计划。故选C项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我给他看了我的宿舍，我最喜欢吃早餐的地方，甚至还有我大学时工作过的酒吧。A. gave给；B. showed展示；C. offered提供；D. invited邀请。根据上文“wanted my son to become familiar with something dear to me.”和句中“my dorm, my favorite breakfast spot, and even the bar”可知，作者给儿子展示了自己大学时熟悉的地方。故选B项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我给他看了我的宿舍，我最喜欢吃早餐的地方，甚至还有我大学时工作过的酒吧。A. college大学；B. company公司；C. childhood童年；D. trip旅行。根据上文“I took my six-year-old son Joe on a weekend trip to the University of Virginia, my alma mater (母校).”和“wanted my son to become familiar with something dear to me.”可知，作者带儿子去了自己以前的大学，所以儿子看到的是大学里的一些地方。故选A项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一切都引起了我儿子的注意，但却没有我所期望的反应。A. thought想法；B. response反应；C. impression印象；D. behavior行为。根据上文可知，作者想让儿子去看自己大学时生活学习的地方，但转折连词“but”说明，实际情况和预想的不一样，结合“I expected”可推知，是儿子的反应和作者的期望不一致。故选B项。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，我们已经无事可做了。A. Worse更糟；B. Still仍然；C. Again再一次；D. However然而。根据句中“we were running out of things to do.”可知，不但儿子的反应和作者的期望不一样，到后来，他们甚至都找不到事情做了。这是更糟糕的情况。故选A项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我永远不会忘记他的回答：“我不介意找一套秋千。”。A. ignore忽略；B. understand理解；C. miss错过；D. forget忘记。作者本想带儿子去看自己大学时生活学习的地方，去缅怀一下自己的过去，但儿子却说“I would not mind finding a swing set (秋千).”。这说明儿子跟作者的想法完全不一样，这是作者没有料到的情况，所以感到意外，印象深刻，不会忘记。故选D项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，我突然意识到，虽然我以为自己对大学城了如指掌，但我不知道该去哪里找秋千。A. promised承诺；B. destroyed破坏；C. suggested建议；D. struck突然想到。句中“while I thought I knew every inch of my college town, I had no idea 8 to look.”是作者听到儿子的话后想到的事情；it strike sb. that...“某人突然想到……”。故选D项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，我突然意识到，虽然我以为自己对大学城了如指掌，但我不知道该去哪里找秋千。A. how如何；B. what什么；C. where在哪里；D. why为什么。根据上文“I would not mind finding a swing set (秋千).”可知，儿子想找秋千，结合句中“while I thought I knew every inch of my college town, I had no idea...”可知，作者不知道去哪儿找秋千。故选C项。
9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，我想起了维纳布尔小学，一个我经过无数次却从未真正注意过的地方。A. Hardly几乎不；B. Eventually最后；C. Undoubtedly无疑；D. Surprisingly令人惊讶的是。根据下文“I remembered”可知，作者最终想到了去哪儿找秋千。故选B项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我想起了维纳布尔小学，一个我经过无数次却从未真正注意过的地方。A. passed经过；B. saw看到；C. visited拜访；D. approached接近。根据句中“but never really noticed”可知，上下文有转折关系。结合句中“countless times”可推知，我经过维纳布尔小学无数次，但从未真正注意过它，符合语境。故选A项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们把车停在停车场里，周六的停车场空无一人，我推着儿子，看着他高兴地来回摇摆。A. pushed推；B. encouraged鼓励；C. amused使……开心；D. stared盯着。根据句中“him delightedly swing back and forth”可知，作者推着儿子荡秋千。故选A项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，旅行很有趣，常常会带来快乐。A. joy欢乐；B. happiness快乐；C. excitement兴奋；D. surprise惊讶。结合常识和下文“greater happiness”可知，旅行能带来快乐。故选B项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二，不要过于依赖你的计划。A. schedules时间表；B. others其他的人或物；C. plans计划；D. details细节。根据上文“But maybe greater happiness is just around the corner.”可知，作者认为虽然自己为旅行制定了完美的计划，但一些计划外的事情能带来更大的快乐，所以作者感悟不要太依赖旅行计划。故选C项。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽你所能，但要保持灵活，永远记住约翰·列侬说过的话：生活就是当你忙于制定其他计划时发生在你身上的事情。A. relaxed放松的；B. independent独立的；C. grateful感激的；D. flexible灵活的。根据上文“do not rely too much on your 13 .”可推知，作者认为旅行时不要太依赖旅行计划，要保持灵活，要随机应变。故选D项。
15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：第三，无论你认为你知道多少，总是有新的看待事物的方式。A. look at看；B. speak up大声说出来；C. hear of听说；D. jump at欣然接受。根据句中“a new way”和“no matter how much you think you know.”可推知，作者认为有新的方式来看待事情。故选A项。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】推理判断、环境保护、细节理解、自然生态、说明文
【答案】
16．A
17．C
18．B
19．D
【详解】这是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织警告称，每年有数百万人死于室内空气污染。近30亿人无法使用清洁燃料和技术来做饭、取暖和照明。文章说明了室内污染导致死亡的主要原因、引发疾病以及应对措施等。
16．细节理解题。根据第二段“These findings show that the use of deadly fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.(这些发现表明，在低效的炉子、空间加热器或照明中使用致命燃料是造成许多死亡的原因)”可知，室内污染的主要原因是有毒燃料。故选A。
17．推理判断题。根据第三段“WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. These diseases can often result from the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal.(世卫组织官员说，室内污染会导致中风、心脏病和肺病、儿童肺炎和肺癌等疾病的过早死亡。妇女和女童是主要受害者。这些疾病往往是由燃烧固体燃料引起的。这些燃料包括木材、煤炭、动物粪便、作物粪便和木炭)”可推知，第三段主要是通过列举来展开的。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据第四段“The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatermala and Peru,are also at risk.(联合国发现，撒哈拉以南非洲地区超过95%的家庭依靠固体燃料做饭。该组织说，印度、中国以及危地马拉和秘鲁等拉美国家的大量人口也面临风险)”可推知，大多数死亡发生在发展中国家。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.(在非洲，你花不到1美元就能买到一盏太阳能灯)”可知，D选项“太阳能灯在非洲很便宜”正确。故选D。
【知识点】文章标题、环境保护、细节理解、词义猜测、说明文
【答案】20．D 21．A 22．D 23．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋会造成环境问题，纸袋尽管容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。
【解析】20．细节理解题。根据第一段中one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.和第二段中plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.可知，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，为使用塑料袋进行辩护。故选D。
21．词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds意为“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，即Bans on plastic bags，故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据第四段中However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知，生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能源，故选D。
23．主旨大意题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋会造成环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。
【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，要看懂全文的主要内容，明白了主要内容就能准确概括文章标题)。小题4要求概括标题，本文讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，适合作为标题。
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、方法和策略、环境保护、细节理解、说明文
【答案】
24．C；
25．B；
26．D；
27．B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了对道路进行硬化可以减少二氧化碳的排放，更节省能源。介绍了这种措施的优势和操作方式。
24．
推理判断题。根据第三段“And they found that hardening 10 percent of the nation's roads every year could prevent emissions equal to 440 megatons of carbon dioxide over the next 5 decades—that amount is equal to how much CO, you'd spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground or by growing 7 billion trees for a decade. It reduces 0.5% of projected transportation emissions over that time period.(他们发现，每年对全国10%的道路进行硬化，可以在未来50年内防止相当于440兆吨二氧化碳的排放——这个数量相当于你将10亿桶石油留在地下或在十年内种植70亿棵树，就可以使地球免受多少二氧化碳。它减少了该时间段内预计交通排放的0.5%)”可推知，作者通过列数字展开第三段。故选C。
25．
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Or you could pave with specially-made concrete, which is harder than ordinary construction materials.(或者你可以用比普通建筑材料更硬的特制混凝土铺路)”可知，Gregory建议硬化道路更换常规铺装材料。故选B。
26．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual barriers. “Usually, when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation department, you're talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people—as opposed to changing the way we design and preserve our pavements. That's just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies.”(这一系统也可能是一种减少碳排放的方法，而不存在一些常见的障碍。“通常，当涉及到交通部门的减排时，你谈论的是改变与车辆和司机行为相关的政策，这涉及到数百万人，而不是改变我们的设计和保护人行道的方式。这只是成千上万在运输机构工作的人的要求。” )”可知，道路硬化系统的优点是可以避免涉及太多的人。故选D。
27．
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“He modeled with his teammates how much energy could be saved-and greenhouse gases avoided—by simply hardening the nation's roads and highways.(他和他的队友们一起模仿，仅仅通过加固国家的公路和高速公路，就可以节省多少能源，并避免温室气体的排放)”结合文章主要说明了对道路进行硬化可以减少二氧化碳的排放，更节省能源。介绍了这种措施的优势和操作方式。可知，B选项“硬化道路有助于节约能源”最符合文章标题。故选B。
【知识点】天气气候、推理判断、环境保护、社会、细节理解、议论文
【答案】
28．C
29．A
30．D
31．D
32．B
【详解】这是一篇议论文。对于全球变暖这种旧问题，作者认为应该用新方式去解决，最有效的方法是调整我们的能源系统，以减少碳污染的排放；
28．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities.”（穆罕默德·雷兹万在别人只看到灾难的地方看到了机会。他的非营利组织经营着100艘河船，这些船可以作为漂浮的图书馆、学校和诊所，并配备了太阳能电池板和其他通讯设施。）可推知，雷兹万的项目的特别之处是他的组织能尽可能利用糟糕的情况。故选C项；
29．推理判断题。根据第四段中“He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring.”（他把浪费的水倒入浅盆里，在那里结冰，并储存到春天。）可推知，冰人储存冰以备将来使用，以此来减少全球变暖的影响。故选A项；
30．推理判断题。根据第五段中“By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.”（通过将建筑物涂成白色，城市可能会减缓变暖的进程。）以及第六段中“In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.”（在秘鲁，当地农民在一座冰川已经受到气候变化的影响的山上，开始把整个山峰涂成白色，希望增加的反光能恢复赋予生命的冰。）可推知，从秘鲁的例子可以得出阳光反射可以缓解全球变暖。故选D项；
31．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.”（当污染行业争辩说，我们已经失去了控制碳污染的战斗，别无选择，只能适应，这是一个无稽之谈，旨在为一切照旧。）可知，作者认为污染行业应该与碳污染作斗争。故选D项；
32．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.”（但最明智的适应方式无疑是调整我们的能源系统，以减少碳污染的排放。）可知，全球变暖最好的解决方法时减少碳排放。故选B项。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】will、代词、动物植物、方法和策略、环境保护、科普知识、说明文
【答案】
33．G
34．D
35．B
36．E
37．F
【详解】
〖导语〗这是一篇说明文，文章解释了女性比男性更能“感受到寒冷”的原因，这种现象也存在于动物界，最后文章也提到了解决办法；
33．根据上文“Between the sexes, there are always more similarities than differences.(两性之间的相似点总是多于不同点)”可知，两性之间的相似处点多于差异，下文“Is there any science backing up the widespread belief that women ‘feel the cold’ more than men (人们普遍认为女性比男性更能‘感受到寒冷’，这一观点有科学依据吗 )”提到两性对温度的感知差异，故G项“然而，研究表明，女性比男性更喜欢更高的温度”符合语境，说明女性确实在室温的喜好上与男性有差异，与上文形成转折关系，且开启下文。故选G项；
34．根据本段主题句“Biological differences between men and women(男女之间的生理差异)”可知，此段分析女性的生理机制与男性的差异性而导致她们更怕冷，根据上文“At around the same body weight, women tend to have less muscle to generate heat.(在体重大致相同的情况下，女性产生热量的肌肉往往较少)”及下文“Thus, the skin feels colder, as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels(血管).(因此，皮肤感觉更冷，因为它离血管略远)”推知，空处内容也和皮肤及肌肉有关，D项“她们的皮肤和肌肉之间也有更多的脂肪”最恰当，选项中的they指代上文提到的women。故选D项；
35．通过后文“Oestrogen enlarges blood vessels at the extremities, meaning more heat can be lost to the surrounding air. And progestcrone can cause the vessels in the skin to tighten, meaning less blood will flow to keep the internal organs warmer, leaving women feeling cooler.(雌激素会使四肢的血管扩张，这意味着更多的热量会流失到周围的空气中。黄体素会导致皮肤中的血管紧致，这意味着更少的血液流动来保持内部器官的温度，让女性感觉更凉爽)”对这两种物质“The hormones oestrogen (雌激素) and progesterone (黄体素)”的作用进行的分析可知，这两种物质主要是调节身体器官和皮肤的温度，B项“它们有助于提高身体核心和皮肤的温度”符合文意，引起下文，B项中的代词They指代上文的“The hormones oestrogen(雌激素) and progesterone(黄体素)”，故选B项；
36．通过下一句“Studies on many species of birds and mammals report that males commonly gather in cooler areas where there is shade, while females and offspring stay in warmer environments where there is sunlight, as the young are unable to regulate their own body temperature during some stages.(对许多种类的鸟类和哺乳动物的研究报告称，雄性通常聚集在阴凉的凉爽地区，而雌性和后代则呆在阳光充足的温暖环境中，因为幼雏在某些阶段无法调节自己的体温)”提到动物界雄性喜欢更凉爽的地方而雌性喜欢更温暖的地方可知，两性之间对温度偏好的差异性不仅仅局限于人类身上，动物界也有相似的例子，E项“对温暖温度的偏好并非人类所独有”符合语境。故选E项；
37．通过上一句“In the workplace, personal comfort systems are thermal systems that heat or cool and can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops, chairs, or near the feet and legs.(在工作场所，个人舒适系统是加热或冷却的热系统，可以局部放置在单独的工作站上，如桌面、椅子或脚和腿附近)”提到在办公场所可以根据个人需要放置取暖设备可知，空处接着举例说明可以用哪些设备，F项“例如桌扇、加热椅或暖脚器”符合语境，且呼应下一句中的“These systems”。故选F项。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】直接引语和间接引语
38．【答案】told
【知识点】直接引语和间接引语
39．【答案】asked
【知识点】副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、动词短语、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析
【答案】40．threat 41．objectively 42．assigned 43．devote themselves to 44．accessible 45．negotiable 46．was occupied with 47．releases 48．paid off 49．barrier to
【详解】40．考查名词。句意：这个独特而精致的地方现在正受到污染和气候变化的威胁。根据from pollution and climate change可知，空处应用名词threat“威胁”，under threat from为固定短语，意为“受到……的威胁”。故填threat。
41．考查副词。句意：贾斯蒂娜的母亲告诉她要客观地看待情况，不要那么情绪化。根据and be less emotional可知，空处应用objective的副词形式objectively，修饰look at the situation，表示“客观地”，作状语。故填objectively。
42．考查动词语态。句意：这个团队很高兴，因为它被分配到了一个相对容易的小组参加奥运会。根据to a rather easy group in the Olympics可知，空处应用assignment的动词assign“分配”，与指代The team的it为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与空前的was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填assigned。
43．考查固定短语。句意：没有多少人能够终生致力于自己的事业。根据their career in their whole life可知，空处应用动词短语devote oneself to“致力于”，位于不定式符号to后，动词应用原形。根据主语Not many people可知，此处用反身代词themselves。故填devote themselves to。
44．考查形容词。句意：海滩对乘火车旅行的游客来说很容易到达。根据空后的to visitors可知，海滩对乘火车旅行的游客来说很容易到达，空处应用access的形容词accessible“可到达的，可进入的”，作表语。故填accessible。
45．考查形容词。句意：这项交易的条款是可以谈判的，所以我们有可能改变这个项目。根据空后的so it is possible that we can get this item changed可知，这项交易的条款是可以谈判的，空处应用negotiate的形容词negotiable“可谈判的”，作表语。故填negotiable。
46．考查固定短语、时态。句意：随着期末考试临近，他全身心投入到准备中。根据句意及空前的“With the final exam around the corner可知，他全身心投入到准备中，本空用固定短语occupy... with的变形be occupied with，表示“忙于，专心于”，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，主语为he，be动词用was。故填was occupied with。
47．考查动词、时态。句意：当蚂蚁找到食物时，它会释放一种化学物质来标记路径，以便它能找到。根据a chemical可知，空处应用动词release“释放”，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语it为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数。故填releases。
48．考查固定短语、时态。句意：当他们赢得冠军时，球队所有的努力都得到了回报。根据when they won the championship可知，空处应用固定短语pay off“得到回报”，根据won可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填paid off。
49．考查固定短语。句意：年龄不应该成为过上充实生活的障碍。根据living a rewarding life可知，年龄不应该成为过上充实生活的障碍，空处应用固定短语barrier to，表示“……的障碍”，根据Age可知，此处指年龄这一种障碍，用单数形式。故填barrier to。
【知识点】一般过去时的基本用法和结构、不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、动词短语
50．【答案】
1．cause damage to
2．result in
3．referred to
4．had an impact on
5．along with
【知识点】一般现在时、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、可数名词及其单、复数、名词作宾语、形容词作定语、形容词作状语、现在分词作状语、祈使句的肯定形式、语法一致、过去分词表被动意义
【答案】
51．releasing 52．subscribe 53．motivates 54．Contrary 55．qualifications 56．thrill 57．facilitates 58．commitment 59．inquired 60．resigned 61．contemporary 62．promoted 63．respective 64．concerns 65．integrity
【解析】51．考查动词。句意：她突然大哭起来，释放出了所有压抑已久的情绪。分析句子成分可知，空处考查非谓语动词；根据主句“She burst into tears”可推测，空处指的是“释放”情绪。单词“release”，意为“释放”，符合句意；指的是主句一句话所产生的自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填releasing。
52．考查动词。句意：要收听完整的采访内容，请订阅免费的《国家地理新闻》播客。分析句子成分可知，空处为动词原形，为祈使句型；根据上文“To hear the full interview”以及空后“the free National Geographic News podcast”可知，空处意为“订阅”。单词“subscribe”，构成短语“subscribe to”，意为“订阅”，符合句意。故填subscribe。
53．考查动词。句意：他最可贵的品质在于他激励团队的方式。分析句子成分可知，空处考查从句的谓语动词；根据主语“His greatest quality”可推测，空处指的是“激励”。单词“motivate”，意为“激励”，符合句意。根据主句时态可知，从句为一般现在时；主语为“he”，和动词“motivate”之间为主动关系。故填motivates。
54．考查形容词。句意：与普遍的看法相反，许多猫并不喜欢牛奶。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式担当状语；根据句意可知，空处意为“与……相反”；单词“contrary”符合，构成短语“contrary to”，意为“与……相反”；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Contrary。
55．考查名词。句意：太多的中学毕业生缺乏英语和数学方面的基本资质。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当宾语；根据空后的“in English and Maths”可推测，空处意为“资格”，名词的复数形式。单词“qualification”，意为“资格”，符合句意。故填qualifications。
56．考查名词。句意：能亲自见到我最喜欢的作家让我激动不已。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词的单数形式；根据空后“meet my favourite author in person”可推测，能亲眼看到自己最喜欢的作家让人激动。单词“thrill”，名词，意为“激动”，符合句意。故填thrill。
57．考查动词。句意：结构化教学就像一种催化剂，能有效地促进学习过程。分析句子成分可知，空处考查从句的谓语动词；根据句意可知，结构化教学能促进学习过程，因此，空处意为“促进”；单词“facilitate”，意为“促进”，符合句意；根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为“that”，即“a catalyst”，单数，和动词“facilitate”之间为主动关系。故填facilitates。
58．考查名词。句意：承诺定期进行锻炼是迈向更健康生活方式的第一步。根据空后“the first step towards a healthier lifestyle”可知，空处意为“承诺做某事”；单词“commitment”，构成短语“make a commitment to”，意为“承诺做某事”，符合句意。故填commitment。
59．考查动词。句意：客服代表耐心地回答了我询问的所有问题。分析句子成分可知，空处考查从句谓语动词；根据上文“The customer service representative patiently answered all the questions”可推测，空处意为“询问”；根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般过去时；单词“inquire”，意为“询问”，符合句意；主语为“I”，和动词“inquire”之间为主动关系。故填inquired。
60．考查动词。句意：经理对这种不公平的待遇非常失望，于是他立刻辞职了。分析句子成分可知，空处考查从句谓语动词；根据上文“The manager was so disappointed with the unfair treatment”可推测，由于对不公平的待遇感到失望，所以经理辞职了。单词“resign”，意为“辞职”，符合句意；根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般过去时；主语为“he”，和动词“resign”之间为主动关系。故填resigned。
61．考查形容词。句意：他是当代最知名的艺术家之一。分析句子成分可知，空处考查形容词形式修饰空后的名词；根据句意可知，空处意为“当代的”；单词“contemporary”，意为“当代的”，符合句意。故填contemporary。
62．考查动词。句意：这个地区正在被宣传为一个旅游目的地。分析句子成分可知，空处考查谓语动词；根据空后“a tourist destination”可推测，空处意为“宣传”；单词“promote”，意为“提升、宣传”，符合句意；根据空前的“being”以及和主语之间的被动关系，可知空处为过去分词形式。故填promoted。
63．考查形容词。句意：小组里的学生们讨论了各自对于这项作业的想法。分析句子成分可知，空处考查形容词形式修饰空后的名词；根据主语“The students in the group”可推测，空处意为“各自的”；单词“respective”，形容词，意为“各自的”，符合句意。故填respective。
64．考查名词。句意：这份报告引发了对该工厂安全问题的严重担忧。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当宾语；根据空后“over safety at the plant”可推测，空处意为“担忧”；单词“concern”，意为“担忧”；根据句意可推测，空处为名词的复数形式。故填concerns。
65．考查名词。句意：尽管面临着众多诱惑，她仍坚守自己的操守，拒绝参与不道德的行为。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当宾语；根据下文“refused to engage in unethical behavior”可知，她坚守了自己的操守，很正直。单词“integrity”，名词，意为“正直”，符合句意。故填integrity。
五、单句
【知识点】其他介词
66．【答案】in
【知识点】动词短语
67．【答案】to
【知识点】不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、动词不定式作宾语
68．【答案】to tidy
【知识点】不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、动词不定式作宾语
69．【答案】to explain
【知识点】一般将来时、部分倒装
70．【答案】will
【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：你不仅可以帮助我们的年轻志愿者发展个人，还可以学习新的技能，提高你的文化意识。Not only...but also...连接两个并列分句，Not only位于句首时，其所在分句用部分倒装结构，根据句意，句子表述的是将来发生的事情，故使用一般将来时。故设空处的倒装语序应提前will。故填will。
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、学校生活、邀请信
71．【答案】Dear Ryan,
I’m writing to inform you of the annual Science and Technology Festival to be held next Friday in our school.
It is a major event for the students. We hope to make this year’s festival a success, and your advice would be greatly appreciated. Furthermore, we would be honored if you could consider serving as a judge for the festival. Your expertise and experience would be invaluable in evaluating the presentations of our students.
We are looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【详解】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生代表学生会邀请外教Ryan在下周五举办的科技节上当评委。
词汇积累：
举办：hold→conduct
建议：advice→suggestions
此外：Furthermore→In addition
专业知识：expertise→specialized knowledge
句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Your expertise and experience would be invaluable in evaluating the presentations of our students.
同义句：I hold the belief that your expertise and experience would be invaluable in evaluating the presentations of our students.
【点睛】〖高分句型1〗I’m writing to inform you of the annual Science and Technology Festival to be held next Friday in our school. (运用了不定式短语作后置定语)
〖高分句型2〗Furthermore, we would be honored if you could consider serving as a judge for the festival. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第三册英语 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元能力提高综合练习4【含答案WORD版版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
To prevent tsunami-caused disasters, several countries worked together to expand the use of a tsunami-detecting system that had been developed in the United States by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The system 1 of an instrument installed on the seafloor — called a tsunameter — that measures pressure changes caused by a passing tsunami. The tsunameter sends a signal to a surface buoy(浮标), which sends the data to a satellite, which 2 the information to warning centers around the world.
By 2004 only six such detectors had been installed, all in the Pacific. There were 3 in the Indian Ocean, and many countries in the region had no national warning centers that could have 4 local communities. That policy mistake had tragic consequences. In Sumatra people had only a few minutes to run, 5 the tsunami took two hours to reach India, and some 16,000 people died there. “It was totally unnecessary,” says Paramesh Banerjee, a geo-physicist at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. “Technically it would have been relatively 6 to install a tsunami warning system for the Indian Ocean.”
There are now 53 detector buoys operating in the world’s oceans, including 6 of a planned 27 in the Indian Ocean. So a(n) 7 of the 2004 horror, in which the tsunami traveled for hours and still caught people by 8 is less likely. But buoys would not have helped in Sumatra. People living on coasts near a rupturing fault(地壳断层) can’t wait for 9 that a tsunami is on its way, which it often isn’t; they must flee as soon as the quake hits. The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers(地震测量仪) — a thousand of them 10 the country, the densest network anywhere — combined with a computer model that forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude(震级) and 11 of the quake.
In March, the system, which is run by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), did not work perfectly. JMA’s initial 12 , while the ground was still shaking, put the quake magnitude at 7.9 — but later analysis revealed a quake that, at magnitude 9, was 12 times larger. The tsunami forecast warned of waves of ten feet or more — but they reached 50 feet in Minanisanriku and in some places even 13 . But the human 14 to the warning was imperfect as well. “I think this time many people who lived above the high-water mark of the 1960 tsunami didn’t bother to run,” says Jin Sato, mayor of Minanisanriku. “Many of them died.” The town’s seawall, he thinks, also gave people a false sense of 15 .
1． A．approves B．rids C．expects D．consists
2． A．broadcasts B．foresees C．assigns D．imposes
3． A．some B．a few C．none D．others
4． A．qualified B．alerted C．substituted D．fueled
5． A．although B．until C．as D．where
6． A．difficult B．thoughtful C．easy D．pressing
7． A．alternative B．perspective C．repetition D．resume
8． A．surprise B．mistake C．accident D．force
9． A．reference B．confirmation C．suggestion D．expectation
10．A．undertake B．multiply C．deposit D．blanket
11．A．location B．direction C．territory D．length
12．A．note B．catalogue C．volume D．estimate
13．A．worse B．larger C．higher D．wider
14．A．schedule B．scheme C．monitor D．response
15．A．warning B．security C．setting D．responsibility
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. Nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating as well as lighting.
These findings show that the use of deadly fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.
WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. These diseases can often result from the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal.
The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatermala and Peru,are also at risk.
Nigel Brace is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.There are already multiple technologies available for use in clean fuels.There is really quite an effective and reasonably low-cost alcohol stove made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company) that is now being tested out. LPG (Liquefield Petroleum Gas) cook is obviously widely available and efforts are under way to make those efficient. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves. WHO experts note that some new, safe and low-cost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $8.00. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.
But this,the agency says, is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances/devices.
16．What does the indoor pollution mainly result from
A．Poisonous fuels. B．High technology. C．Space heaters. D．Solar energy.
17．How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed
A．By showing differences. B．By describing a process.
C．By making a list. D．By analyzing data.
18．What can we infer from the passage
A．Indoor pollution results in some deaths.
B．Most of the deaths are in developing countries.
C．The solid fuels are used in more effective ways.
D．There is no indoor pollution in developed countries.
19．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．LPG cooks are being tested out. B．Alcohol stoves are widely used now.
C．Electric induction stoves are expensive. D．Solar lamps are very cheap in Africa.
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers’ argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don’t dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
20．What has Steven Stein been hired to do
A．Help increase grocery sales.
B．Recycle the waste material.
C．Stop things falling off trucks.
D．Argue for the use of plastic bags.
21．What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Bans on plastic bags.
B．Effects of city development.
C．Headaches caused by garbage.
D．Plastic bags hung in trees.
22．What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers
A．They are quite expensive.
B．Replacing them can be difficult.
C．They are less strong than plastic bags.
D．Producing them requires more energy.
23．What is the best title for the text
A．Plastic, Paper or Neither
B．Industry, Pollution and Environment
C．Recycle or Throw Away
D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control
With greater climate disasters lying ahead, it is natural for us to make every effort to stop a series of floods, unusual snowstorms, and alarming reports from scientists. For many of us, part of that means running out to buy reusable drinking tubes, organic cleaners, and packaging-free products.
However, before you are joyful of your “green” purchases, take a second to consider a principle that should be obvious: simply consuming less is better for the planet. After all, every new item a factory pumps out requires some resources to produce. But in the confusing stream of environmental news, this simple truth can get lost. Take plastic bag bans for instance. If your city is getting rid of single-use shopping bags, it can be tempting to pay for that fashionable organic cotton bag hanging in the check-outline of supermarkets. However, experts who have analyzed the data on environmental impact insist that growing cotton is actually no better for the Earth than producing the conventional plastic bag. Any bag you already own is your best bet for carrying your groceries if you care about sustainability.
It is not just the Earth that will be happier if you buy less. You will feel more contented too. There is a common view that green buying patterns mean people are going green. However, it doesn’t seem to be that way. Reduced consumption has positive effects on increased well-being, but you don’t see that with “green” consumption.
Many studies have shown that materialism in general makes us unhappy and lonely. It is perfectly possible to be a materialist and an environmentalist at the same time. Lusting (欲望) for every new “green” product on the market might make you feel good about yourself but it presents the same emotional traps as lusting for whatever the Joneses next door are buying. If you relieve yourself of that burden of ownership, most people report feeling a lot better and freer.；
24．What is the function of Paragraph 1
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To send a warning.
C．To offer practical advice.
D．To advocate green purchases.；
25．Why does the author mention “plastic bag ban”
A．To promote cotton bags.
B．To call for less consumption.
C．To ban the using of plastic bags.
D．To reveal the harm of using plastic bags.；
26．What do many people believe according to the text
A．Buying less does benefit to the Earth.
B．Green consumption increases well-being.
C．Buying green indicates a green awareness.
D．Being green gives rise to more consumption.；
27．What’s the best title for the text
A．Green Products Win Popularity
B．Don’t Be Lost in Environmental Passion
C．Buying Green Is Never a Final Solution
D．Buying Less Beats Buying Green
Old Problem, New Approaches
While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO emissions(排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.
When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.
Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.
Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man, The loss of glaciers there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000 m of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.
Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.
In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”.
More ordinary forms of adaptation arc happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—cither by growing new produce or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.
Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.
28．What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project
A．The project receives government support.
B．Different organizations work with each other.
C．His organization makes the best of a bad situation.
D．The project connects flooded roads and highways.
29．What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming
A．Storing ice for future use. B．Protecting the glaciers from melting.
C．Changing the irrigation time. D．Postponing the melting of the glaciers.
30．What do we learn from the Peru example
A．White paint is usually safe for buildings.
B．The global warming trend cannot be stopped.
C．This country is heating up too quickly.
D．Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.
31．According to the author, polluting industries should .
A．adapt to carbon pollution B．plant highly profitable crops
C．leave carbon emission alone D．fight against carbon pollution
32．What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming
A．Setting up a new standard. B．Reducing carbon emission.
C．Adapting to climate change. D．Monitoring polluting industries.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Why do women always feel cold
The “correct” temperature to be set often forms the basis of office arguments between women and men. Between the sexes, there are always more similarities than differences. 33 Is there any science backing up the widespread belief that women “feel the cold ”more than men
Biological differences between men and women
At around the same body weight, women tend to have less muscle to generate heat. 34 Thus, the skin feels colder, as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels(血管).
Women also tend to have a lower metabolic rate than men, which reduces heat production capacity during cold exposure, making women more likely to feel cold as the temperature drops.
Hormonal differences
The hormones oestrogen(雌激素) and progesterone(黄体素) are found in large quantities in women. 35 Oestrogen enlarges blood vessels at the extremities, meaning more heat can be lost to the surrounding air. And progestcrone can cause the vessels in the skin to tighten, meaning less blood will flow to keep the internal organs warmer, leaving women feeling cooler.
Is it just humans
36 Studies on many species of birds and mammals report that males commonly gather in cooler areas where there is shade, while females and offspring stay in warmer environments where there is sunlight, as the young are unable to regulate their own body temperature during some stages. Therefore, the difference between heat- sensing mechanisms may provide an evolutionary advantage.
So how do we agree on the ideal temperature
In the workplace, personal comfort systems are thermal systems that heat or cool and can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops, chairs, or near the feet and legs. 37 These systems provide individualized thermal comfort to meet personal needs without affecting others in the same space.
【选项】
A．The skin is the first line of defence.
B．They contribute to the core body and skin temperatures.
C．Animals have the same system to regulate body temperature.
D．They also have more fat between the skin and the muscles.
E．The preference for warmer temperatures isn’t unique to humans.
F．Examples include desk fans, heated chairs or foot warmers.
G．Researches show women prefer a higher temperature to men, however.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
38．The teacher said to the boy,“Open the door,please!”
→The teacher (warned/told)the boy to open the door.
assign; attach; echo; devote; filter; recognize
39．With a smart home, almost all your electrical devices can to a power wall in each room.
40．A robot housekeeper, whose metallic voice around day and night, has taken over everything in a 2050 house.
41． his life to the work he chose to do, Zhong spent a lot of time and effort building a collection of seeds for China’s national seed bank.
42． to solve the DNA puzzle, Rosalind worked alone and made one breakthrough after another.
43．Influenced by the language they speak, Russian people are faster when the difference between colors.
44．Individuals who speak two languages found it much easier out the distracting words.
which, why, where, wfsffhen, what, that, whoever, whatever, how
45．Good news has been spread more new books will be bought by the school library.
46．The reason he was late was that he had taken a wrong bus.
47．The notice spread quickly through the campus that we would have a longer holiday, made all the students wild with joy.
48．—John looks down today, what’s up
—Well, happened between John and me is none of your business.
49．The new shopping mall will be located in what used to be a wasteland and a huge garden will be constructed there were numbers of tombs.
50．His eyes stare at is left of the brother’s dinner on the table.
51．Knowing how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.
52． he will come back home is still a question.
53．The difficulty we now meet with is we can persuade him to tell the truth.
set... apart from, reward... with, stick to, bring... to life, be composed of, arise from, proceed to, apply…to
54．As we know, older people have the higher risk of death or serious injury a fall by accident.
55．Unless real experiences properly, book knowledge remains theoretical and, in the end, is useless.
56．The rescue team, 100 medical staff and 120 policemen, came to the flood-stricken area overnight.
57．It’s easy to say that you’ll keep running regularly during the holiday season, but it requires a strategy and willpower.
58． other competitors by his novel design approaches, the young man won the first prize in the competition.
59．The students have been working hard on their lessons and they are convinced that their efforts success in the end.
60．With ancient civilizations by many vivid pictures, that newly published book on history is well received by readers.
61．Patrick paused to refer to his notes before his later demonstration about the tension between Russia and Ukraine.
选词填空
on behalf of，dozens of，lead to，take measures，deal with，carry out
62．As it known to us all, success lies in hard work while laziness failure.
63．I, our class, welcome you warmly and sincerely to participate in the fruit-picking activity.
64．There has been a rapid decline in unemployment since the new policy .
65． to protect endangered animals is what we must do now.
66．The smart girl is accustomed to all kinds of people in her present occupation.
67．The hurricane blew away farming villages and brought down thousands of trees.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
68．The (restrict) of press freedom is seen as an abuse of human rights. (所给词的适当形式填空）
69．Small amounts of caffeine—a cup or two of coffee a day— (seem) safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts. (所给词的适当形式填空)
70．My sister advised me (tidy) my room by myself.
71．Not only you help our young volunteers to develop personally, but you’ll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. （用适当的词填空）
72．Shelly said that she (arrive) two days before.
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
73．假定你是李华，你校英文报正在为2024年8月15日第二个“全国生态日（National Ecology Day)”征集环保口号（slogan)。请你给口号征集负责人Alan写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.你提出的口号；
2.口号的含义及优点。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Alan,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】代词辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、环境保护、科普知识、说明文、连词辨析
【答案】
1．D
2．A
3．C
4．B
5．A
6．C
7．C
8．A
9．B
10．D
11．A
12．D
13．C
14．D
15．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了太平洋和印度洋地区的海啸预警系统。
【详解】
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该系统由一个安装在海底的仪器组成，这个仪器被称为海啸计，用来测量海啸经过时造成的压力变化。A. approves赞成；B. rids去掉；C. expects期待；D. consists构成。根据后文“of an instrument installed on the seafloor”可知是在说明系统的构成，由一个安装在海底的仪器组成，短语consist of表示“由……组成”。故选D。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：海啸仪向海面浮标发送信号，浮标将数据发送给卫星，卫星将信息广播到世界各地的预警中心。A. broadcasts广播；B. foresees预见；C. assigns分配；D. imposes强加于。根据上文“which sends the data to a satellite”可知，卫星的作用是将信息广播到世界各地的预警中心。故选A。
3．考查代词词义辨析。句意：印度洋没有，该地区的许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。A. some一些；B. a few少许；C. none没有；D. others其他人。根据上文“By 2004 only six such detectors had been installed, all in the Pacific.(到2004年，只安装了6个这样的探测器，全部在太平洋。)”可知，印度洋一个探测器都没有，应用none。故选C。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. qualified取得资格；B. alerted警告；C. substituted替代；D. fueled加燃料。根据上文“many countries in the region had no national warning centers that could have”可知，印度洋地区许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。故选B。
5．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在苏门答腊岛，人们只有几分钟的时间奔跑，尽管海啸花了两个小时到达印度，大约16000人在那里死亡。A. although虽然；B. until直到；C. as正如，因为；D. where在那里。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用although引导让步状语从句，故选A。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“从技术上讲，在印度洋安装海啸预警系统是相对容易的。”A. difficult困难的；B. thoughtful体贴的；C. easy容易的；D. pressing紧迫的。根据后文“There are now 53 detector buoys operating in the world’s oceans, including 6 of a planned 27 in the Indian Ocean.(目前世界上有53个探测浮标在运行，其中6个在印度洋，计划部署27个。)”可知，印度洋有6个探测浮标，可知从技术上讲，在印度洋安装海啸预警系统是相对容易的。故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，2004年那场海啸持续数小时，但仍让人们措手不及的恐怖事件不太可能重演。A. alternative替代物；B. perspective角度；C. repetition重复；D. resume简历。根据后文“of the 2004 horror, in which the tsunami traveled for hours”此处指持续数小时的海啸让人们措手不及的恐怖事件重演的可能性并不高。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. surprise惊讶；B. mistake错误；C. accident事故；D. force力量。根据上文“still caught people by”可知，指海啸令人措手不及，此处应用catch by surprise表示“通过做某事使某人感到意外或措手不及”。故选A。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活在断裂断层附近海岸的人们迫不及待地等待海啸即将来临的确认，而实际上往往不是这样；他们必须在地震发生后立即逃离。A. reference提及；B. confirmation确认；C. suggestion建议；D. expectation期待。根据后文“that a tsunami is on its way”指确认海啸即将来临的消息。故选B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：日本的预警系统不仅依赖于海啸仪，也依赖于地震仪——全国有上千个地震仪，是世界上最密集的地震仪网络——结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。A. undertake从事；B. multiply大大增加；C. deposit储蓄；D. blanket覆盖。根据上文“The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers — a thousand of them”指地震仪覆盖全国，blanket符合语境。故选D。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. location位置；B. direction方向；C. territory领土；D. length长度。根据上文“forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude and”可知，地震仪结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。故选A。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：日本气象厅在地面仍在震动时的初步估计为7.9级，但后来的分析显示，这次地震的震级为9级，是这次地震的12倍。A. note笔记；B. catalogue独白；C. volume体积；D. estimate估计。根据后文“while the ground was still shaking, put the quake magnitude at 7.9 — but later analysis revealed a quake that, at magnitude 9, was 12 times larger”可知，起初估计地震为7.9级，后来分析发现为9级，故选D。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海啸预报警告说海浪将达到10英尺或更高，但在南三陆岛，海浪达到了50英尺，有些地方甚至更高。A. worse更糟的；B. larger更大的；C. higher更高的；D. wider更宽的。根据上文“but they reached 50 feet in Minanisanriku and in some places even”此处指海浪的高度更高，应用higher。故选C。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是人类对这一警告的反应也不完美。A. schedule安排；B. scheme计划；C. monitor监视器；D. response回答。根据后文“‘I think this time many people who lived above the high-water mark of the 1960 tsunami didn’t bother to run,’ says Jin Sato, mayor of Minanisanriku. ‘Many of them died.’(“我认为，这次许多生活在1960年海啸高水位线以上的人都懒得跑了。”南三陆町市长Jin Sato说。“很多人都死了。”)”可知，人们面对遭难，懒得逃跑，说明人类对这一警告的反应也不完美。故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他认为，这个城镇的海堤也给了人们一种错误的安全感。A. warning警告；B. security安全；C. setting设置；D. responsibility责任。根据上文“The town’s seawall, he thinks, also gave people a false sense of”可知，海堤的作用是防御洪水，即给了人一种错误的安全感。故选B。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】推理判断、环境保护、细节理解、自然生态、说明文
【答案】
16．A
17．C
18．B
19．D
【详解】这是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织警告称，每年有数百万人死于室内空气污染。近30亿人无法使用清洁燃料和技术来做饭、取暖和照明。文章说明了室内污染导致死亡的主要原因、引发疾病以及应对措施等。
16．细节理解题。根据第二段“These findings show that the use of deadly fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.(这些发现表明，在低效的炉子、空间加热器或照明中使用致命燃料是造成许多死亡的原因)”可知，室内污染的主要原因是有毒燃料。故选A。
17．推理判断题。根据第三段“WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. These diseases can often result from the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal.(世卫组织官员说，室内污染会导致中风、心脏病和肺病、儿童肺炎和肺癌等疾病的过早死亡。妇女和女童是主要受害者。这些疾病往往是由燃烧固体燃料引起的。这些燃料包括木材、煤炭、动物粪便、作物粪便和木炭)”可推知，第三段主要是通过列举来展开的。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据第四段“The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatermala and Peru,are also at risk.(联合国发现，撒哈拉以南非洲地区超过95%的家庭依靠固体燃料做饭。该组织说，印度、中国以及危地马拉和秘鲁等拉美国家的大量人口也面临风险)”可推知，大多数死亡发生在发展中国家。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.(在非洲，你花不到1美元就能买到一盏太阳能灯)”可知，D选项“太阳能灯在非洲很便宜”正确。故选D。
【知识点】文章标题、环境保护、细节理解、词义猜测、说明文
【答案】20．D 21．A 22．D 23．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋会造成环境问题，纸袋尽管容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。
【解析】20．细节理解题。根据第一段中one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.和第二段中plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.可知，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，为使用塑料袋进行辩护。故选D。
21．词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds意为“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，即Bans on plastic bags，故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据第四段中However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知，生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能源，故选D。
23．主旨大意题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋会造成环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。
【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，要看懂全文的主要内容，明白了主要内容就能准确概括文章标题)。小题4要求概括标题，本文讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，适合作为标题。
【知识点】主旨大意、推理判断、环境保护、细节理解、议论文
【答案】
24．A
25．B
26．C
27．D
【详解】本文是一篇议论文。文章认为减少消费比绿色消费更加环保，选择减少消费不仅对地球有益，而且可以提升个人的幸福感；
24．推理判断题。根据第一段“With greater climate disasters lying ahead, it is natural for us to make every effort to stop a series of floods, unusual snowstorms, and alarming reports from scientists. For many of us, part of that means running out to buy reusable drinking tubes, organic cleaners, and packaging-free products.（面对更大的气候灾难，我们很自然地要尽一切努力阻止一系列的洪水、不寻常的暴风雪和科学家们令人担忧的报告。对我们中的许多人来说，这部分意味着要去买可重复使用的饮用管、有机清洁剂和无包装产品。）”和第二段中“However, before you are joyful of your “green” purchases, take a second to consider a principle that should be obvious: simply consuming less is better for the planet.（然而，在你为你的“绿色”消费感到高兴之前，花点时间考虑一个显而易见的原则：简单地少消费对地球更好。）”可知，第一段介绍了目前的气候问题使得很多人会选择绿色消费，但实际上这种消费方式并不明智。由此可推知，第一段的作用是为了引出全文的话题：绿色消费不如少消费。故选A项；
25．推理判断题。根据第二段中“However, experts who have analyzed the data on environmental impact insist that growing cotton is actually no better for the Earth than producing the conventional plastic bag. Any bag you already own is your best bet for carrying your groceries if you care about sustainability.（然而，分析了环境影响数据的专家坚持认为，种植棉花实际上并不比生产传统的塑料袋对地球更好。如果你关心可持续性，任何你已经拥有的包都是你携带杂货的最佳选择。）”可知，受到禁塑令的影响很多人会选择购买有机的棉布袋，但实际上这种选择对地球并不友好，更好的选择是使用身边已有的袋子。由此推知，作者提到禁塑令是为了呼吁减少消费。故选B项；
26．细节理解题。根据第三段中“There is a common view that green buying patterns mean people are going green.（有一种普遍的观点认为，绿色购买模式意味着人们正在走向绿色。）”可知，大多数人相信购买绿色产品意味着具有环保意识。故选C项；
27．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章认为目前流行的绿色消费实际上不是明智的，更为环保的方式是减少消费，选择减少消费不仅对地球有益，而且可以提升个人的幸福感。由此可知，减少消费优于绿色消费，D项符合文章大意，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
【知识点】天气气候、推理判断、环境保护、社会、细节理解、议论文
【答案】
28．C
29．A
30．D
31．D
32．B
【详解】这是一篇议论文。对于全球变暖这种旧问题，作者认为应该用新方式去解决，最有效的方法是调整我们的能源系统，以减少碳污染的排放；
28．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities.”（穆罕默德·雷兹万在别人只看到灾难的地方看到了机会。他的非营利组织经营着100艘河船，这些船可以作为漂浮的图书馆、学校和诊所，并配备了太阳能电池板和其他通讯设施。）可推知，雷兹万的项目的特别之处是他的组织能尽可能利用糟糕的情况。故选C项；
29．推理判断题。根据第四段中“He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring.”（他把浪费的水倒入浅盆里，在那里结冰，并储存到春天。）可推知，冰人储存冰以备将来使用，以此来减少全球变暖的影响。故选A项；
30．推理判断题。根据第五段中“By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.”（通过将建筑物涂成白色，城市可能会减缓变暖的进程。）以及第六段中“In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.”（在秘鲁，当地农民在一座冰川已经受到气候变化的影响的山上，开始把整个山峰涂成白色，希望增加的反光能恢复赋予生命的冰。）可推知，从秘鲁的例子可以得出阳光反射可以缓解全球变暖。故选D项；
31．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.”（当污染行业争辩说，我们已经失去了控制碳污染的战斗，别无选择，只能适应，这是一个无稽之谈，旨在为一切照旧。）可知，作者认为污染行业应该与碳污染作斗争。故选D项；
32．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.”（但最明智的适应方式无疑是调整我们的能源系统，以减少碳污染的排放。）可知，全球变暖最好的解决方法时减少碳排放。故选B项。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】will、代词、动物植物、方法和策略、环境保护、科普知识、说明文
【答案】
33．G
34．D
35．B
36．E
37．F
【详解】
〖导语〗这是一篇说明文，文章解释了女性比男性更能“感受到寒冷”的原因，这种现象也存在于动物界，最后文章也提到了解决办法；
33．根据上文“Between the sexes, there are always more similarities than differences.(两性之间的相似点总是多于不同点)”可知，两性之间的相似处点多于差异，下文“Is there any science backing up the widespread belief that women ‘feel the cold’ more than men (人们普遍认为女性比男性更能‘感受到寒冷’，这一观点有科学依据吗 )”提到两性对温度的感知差异，故G项“然而，研究表明，女性比男性更喜欢更高的温度”符合语境，说明女性确实在室温的喜好上与男性有差异，与上文形成转折关系，且开启下文。故选G项；
34．根据本段主题句“Biological differences between men and women(男女之间的生理差异)”可知，此段分析女性的生理机制与男性的差异性而导致她们更怕冷，根据上文“At around the same body weight, women tend to have less muscle to generate heat.(在体重大致相同的情况下，女性产生热量的肌肉往往较少)”及下文“Thus, the skin feels colder, as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels(血管).(因此，皮肤感觉更冷，因为它离血管略远)”推知，空处内容也和皮肤及肌肉有关，D项“她们的皮肤和肌肉之间也有更多的脂肪”最恰当，选项中的they指代上文提到的women。故选D项；
35．通过后文“Oestrogen enlarges blood vessels at the extremities, meaning more heat can be lost to the surrounding air. And progestcrone can cause the vessels in the skin to tighten, meaning less blood will flow to keep the internal organs warmer, leaving women feeling cooler.(雌激素会使四肢的血管扩张，这意味着更多的热量会流失到周围的空气中。黄体素会导致皮肤中的血管紧致，这意味着更少的血液流动来保持内部器官的温度，让女性感觉更凉爽)”对这两种物质“The hormones oestrogen (雌激素) and progesterone (黄体素)”的作用进行的分析可知，这两种物质主要是调节身体器官和皮肤的温度，B项“它们有助于提高身体核心和皮肤的温度”符合文意，引起下文，B项中的代词They指代上文的“The hormones oestrogen(雌激素) and progesterone(黄体素)”，故选B项；
36．通过下一句“Studies on many species of birds and mammals report that males commonly gather in cooler areas where there is shade, while females and offspring stay in warmer environments where there is sunlight, as the young are unable to regulate their own body temperature during some stages.(对许多种类的鸟类和哺乳动物的研究报告称，雄性通常聚集在阴凉的凉爽地区，而雌性和后代则呆在阳光充足的温暖环境中，因为幼雏在某些阶段无法调节自己的体温)”提到动物界雄性喜欢更凉爽的地方而雌性喜欢更温暖的地方可知，两性之间对温度偏好的差异性不仅仅局限于人类身上，动物界也有相似的例子，E项“对温暖温度的偏好并非人类所独有”符合语境。故选E项；
37．通过上一句“In the workplace, personal comfort systems are thermal systems that heat or cool and can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops, chairs, or near the feet and legs.(在工作场所，个人舒适系统是加热或冷却的热系统，可以局部放置在单独的工作站上，如桌面、椅子或脚和腿附近)”提到在办公场所可以根据个人需要放置取暖设备可知，空处接着举例说明可以用哪些设备，F项“例如桌扇、加热椅或暖脚器”符合语境，且呼应下一句中的“These systems”。故选F项。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】直接引语和间接引语
38．【答案】told
【知识点】一般现在时、动词不定式作宾语、含情态动词的被动语态、现在分词作状语、现在分词表主动意义、语法一致、过去分词作状语、过去分词表被动意义
【答案】
39．be attached
40．echoes
41．Devoting
42．Assigned
43．recognizing
44．to filter
【详解】
39．考查动词和语态。句意：有了智能家居，几乎所有的电气设备都可以连接到每个房间的电源墙上。根据“to a power wall in each room.”可知，此处是指电气设备能够连接到房间的电源墙上，动词attach符合题意，和主语electrical devices是被动关系，且位于情态动词can后，应用be attached构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填be attached。
40．考查动词和时态。句意：一个机器人管家，其金属般的声音日夜回荡，接管了2050年的房子里的一切。根据“metallic voice”可知，此处是指声音回荡，动词echo符合题意，空处为定语从句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是voice，故填echoes。
41．考查现在分词。句意：钟把自己的一生都奉献给了自己选择的事业，花了大量的时间和精力为中国国家种子银行收集种子。根据“Zhong spent a lot of time and effort building a collection of seeds for China’s national seed bank.”可知，他把自己的一生都奉献给了自己的事业，动词devote符合题意，句中已有谓语动词spent且无连词，故应用非谓语动词作状语，devote和逻辑主语Zhong之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填Devoting。
42．考查过去分词。句意：罗莎琳德被指派解决DNA难题，她独自工作，取得了一个又一个突破。根据句意表示“指派”用动词assign，它和逻辑主语Rosalind之间为被动关系，故用过去分词，作状语。故填Assigned。
43．考查现在分词。句意：受他们所说语言的影响，俄罗斯人在识别颜色差异时速度更快。根据“the difference between colors”可知，此处指识别颜色的差异，动词recognize符合题意，此处用非谓语动词和when构成时间状语，recognize和逻辑主语Russian people之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填recognizing。
44．考查动词不定式。句意：说两种语言的人发现过滤掉令人分心的单词要容易得多。根据“distracting words”可知，此处指过滤掉令人分心的单词，动词filter符合题意，it是形式宾语，此处应用其不定式形式作真正的宾语。故填to filter。
【知识点】where引导的限制性定语从句、why引导的限制性定语从句、主语从句的连接词、同位语从句、宾语从句的连接词、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词、表语从句
【答案】
45．that
46．why
47．which
48．whatever
49．where
50．what
51．whoever
52．When
53．how
【详解】
45．考查同位语从句。句意：好消息已经传开了，学校图书馆将会买更多的新书。分析句子结构可知，“ more new books will be bought by the school library.”为同位语从句，作名词news的同位语，从句不缺成分，需用连接词that引导。故填that。
46．考查定语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是他搭错了公共汽车。分析句子结构可知，“ he was late”是定语从句，先行词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，需用关系副词why引导。故填why。
47．考查定语从句。句意：我们将有更长的假期的通知很快在校园传开了，这使所有的学生欣喜若狂。分析句子结构可知，“ made all the students wild with joy.”为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，引导词指代前面一句话，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
48．考查主语从句。句意：——约翰今天情绪低落，怎么了？——不管我和约翰之间发生了什么，都不关你的事。分析句子结构可知，“ happened between John and me”为主语从句，从句缺少主语，结合语境“无论什么”可知，应填连接代词whatever。故填whatever。
49．考查定语从句。句意：新的购物中心将建在曾经是荒地的地方，在曾经有许多坟墓的地方将建一个巨大的花园。空处引导定语从句，先行词a huge garden在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
50．考查宾语从句。句意：他的眼睛盯着桌上弟弟剩下的饭菜。分析句子结构可知，“ is left of the brother’s dinner on the table”为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
51．考查宾语从句。句意：知道如何订票对任何想做这项工作的人都有帮助。分析句子结构可知，“ wants to do the job.”为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，结合语境“无论是谁”可知，需用whoever引导。故填whoever。
52．考查主语从句。句意：他什么时候回家仍然是个问题。分析句子结构可知，“ he will come back home”为主语从句，从句不缺主语和宾语，结合语境“什么时候”可知，需用连接副词when引导从句。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填When。
53．考查表语从句。句意：我们现在遇到的困难是怎样才能说服他说实话。分析句子结构可知，“ we can persuade him to tell the truth.”为表语从句，结合语境“怎么样”可知，从句缺少方式状语，需用连接副词how引导。故填how。
【知识点】一般将来时的被动语态、动名词作主语、动名词作宾语、动词短语、现在分词表主动意义、省略句、过去分词作状语
【答案】
54．arising from
55．applied to
56．composed of
57．sticking to
58．Set apart from
59．will be rewarded with
60．brought to life
61．proceeding to
【详解】
54．考查短语和非谓语。句意：我们知道，老年人因意外跌倒而死亡或严重受伤的风险较高。结合句意可知，空处需要“由……而起”，短语：arise from“由……引起；起因于”，分析可知，名词injury与动词arise为主谓关系，句中已有谓语have，所以此处用非谓语arising，故填arising from。
55．考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非适当地应用于实际经验，否则书本知识仍然是理论性的，最终也是无用的。分析可知，逗号前为状语从句的省略，其完整句式为：Unless it was applied to real experiences properly，it指代句子主语book knowledge，从句中使用了was，从句的主语和主句主语一致同时用到了be动词，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，所以此处省略了it was，故填applied to。
56．考查过去分词。句意：100名医务人员和120名警察组成的救援队连夜赶到灾区。短语：be composed of“由……组成”，句中已有谓语came，所以此处使用非谓语，过去分词，故填composed of。
57．考查动名词作主语。句意：在假期里坚持定期跑步很容易，但是坚持跑步需要策略和意志力。分析可知，空处在句中作but后句子的主语，根据句意，空处的含义为“坚持”，短语：stick to“坚持”，这里表示习惯，所以用动名词作主语，故填sticking to。
58．考查短语和过去分词。句意：这个年轻人凭借其独特的设计方法与其他竞争对手区别开来，在比赛中获得了一等奖。短语：set apart from“把……与……区分开来”，分析可知，空处在句中为状语，句子主语the young man与动词set为动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词，处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Set apart from。
59．考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：学生们一直在努力学习，他们相信他们的努力最终会获得成功。由句意可知，空处的内容为“回报”，短语：reward...with...“用……回报”。结合句中“success in the end”可知，最终会成功，因此空处的动作表示“将会发生”，所以时态用一般将来时；努力会得到回报，因而effort与动词reward为被动关系，所以用被动语态。因而空处填will be rewarded with，故填will be rewarded with。
60．考查短语和过去分词。句意：那本新出版的历史书以其生动的图片展现了古老的文明，深受读者的喜爱。短语：bring...to life“使苏醒”，根据空后“by many vivid pictures”可知，此处用过去分词短语作补语，故填brought to life。
61．考查短语和动名词。句意：帕特里克停下来参考了他的笔记，然后继续他后来关于俄罗斯和乌克兰之间紧张关系的示威。根据句意，空处的内容为“继续”，短语：proceed to“继续”，before此处为介词，所以空处用动名词，故填proceeding to。
【知识点】一般现在时、一般过去时的被动语态、介词短语、动名词作主语、动名词作宾语、固定句式和习语、语法一致
【答案】62．leads to 63．on behalf of 64．was carried out 65．Taking measures 66．dealing with 67．dozens of
【解析】62．考查动词短语。句意：众所周知，成功在于勤奋，而懒惰则导致失败。根据success lies in hard work以及while表示对比可知，空处是说懒惰会引发不好的结果，且应使用动词短语作谓语，lead to意为“导致”，符合语境，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语使用第三人称单数形式。故填leads to。
63．考查介词短语。句意：我代表全班同学，热烈而真诚地欢迎你参加摘水果活动。根据句意及空后our class可知，空处表示以班级的名义欢迎对方，on behalf of意为“代表”，符合语境。故填on behalf of。
64．考查动词短语。句意：新政策实施以来，失业率迅速下降。根据句意及空前since the new policy可知，空处应使用动词短语，作从句谓语，carry out意为“实施”，符合语境，since引导的时间状语从句，使用一般过去时，且policy与carry out之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was。故填was carried out。
65．考查动词短语。句意：采取措施保护濒危动物是我们现在必须做的事。根据句意及空后to protect endangered animals可知，空处作句子的主语，take measures意为“采取措施”，符合语境，且需用动名词作主语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Taking measures。
66．考查动词短语。句意：这个聪明的女孩习惯了在她现在的职业中与各种各样的人打交道。根据句意及空后all kinds of people可知，deal with 意为“与……打交道，处理”，符合语境，be accustomed to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“习惯于做某事”，故空处应使用动名词形式。故填dealing with。
67．考查固定短语。句意：飓风摧毁了几十个村庄，刮倒了成千上万棵树。根据句意及空前blew away和空后farming villages可知，空处应使用短语dozens of“几十，很多”，作定语，修饰可数名词复数。故填dozens of。
五、单句
【知识点】可数名词及其单、复数、名词作主语、派生法
68．【答案】restriction
【详解】
考查名词。句意：限制新闻自由被视为对人权的滥用。此处缺少名词作主语，此处表示单数概念，名词restriction符合题意。故填restriction。
【知识点】一般现在时、语法一致
69．【答案】seem
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：少量的咖啡因——每天喝一两杯咖啡——对大多数人来说似乎是安全的。然而，有些人即使是少量也有问题。讲述事实，seem用一般现在时，“amounts of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语复数形式。故填seem。
【知识点】不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、动词不定式作宾语
70．【答案】to tidy
【知识点】一般将来时、部分倒装
71．【答案】will
【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：你不仅可以帮助我们的年轻志愿者发展个人，还可以学习新的技能，提高你的文化意识。Not only...but also...连接两个并列分句，Not only位于句首时，其所在分句用部分倒装结构，根据句意，句子表述的是将来发生的事情，故使用一般将来时。故设空处的倒装语序应提前will。故填will。
【知识点】过去完成时
72．【答案】had arrived
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、其他应用文、环境保护
73．【答案】Dear Alan,
Having learned that our newspaper is collecting slogans for the second National Ecology Day, which falls on 15 August, 2024, I’m writing to introduce my own version: One Earth, One Family.
I think my slogan is very persuasive. Although we live in different countries or different parts of a country, we have only one Earth. So it is our shared responsibility to protect our home planet and safeguard the biodiversity on Earth. My slogan also shows that only with joint efforts from all over the world can we protect our home planet.
Best regards!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生代表学生会给校英文报正在为2024年8月15日第二个“全国生态日”征文投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
共同的：shared→common
责任：responsibility→duty
保护：safeguard→protect
认为：think→figure
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I think my slogan is very persuasive.
拓展句：The reason why I put forward the slogan is that I think it is very persuasive.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Having learned that our newspaper is collecting slogans for the second National Ecology Day, which falls on 15 August, 2024, I’m writing to introduce my own version: One Earth, One Family.(运用了现在分词做原因状语和which引导的定语从句)
【高分句型2】Although we live in different countries or different parts of a country, we have only one Earth. (运用了although引导的让步状语从句)
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二人教版选择性必修第三册英语 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元能力提高综合练习5【含答案WORD版版】
一、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
(2024·山东济宁高二期中)
Carol Anne O’Callaghan，a retired teacher，has spent more than half of her lifetime teaching.This time，she wanted to do something much more 1 .
One day in 2021，O’Callaghan was walking her dogs when she 1 yellow dots on all the oak trees along Leather Lane.The dots，she learned，indicated the trees’ 2 drew near.The marked trees would make way for a new rail line，which was really a piece of 3 news for her.Planted in the 19th century，they were 4 parts of her childhood.“My family used to picnic under them，” she recalled，“And they meant much.”
Unfortunately，they were to be cut down as part of the HS2 high speed railway projects.O’Callaghan 5 the HS2 helpline，only to be told the 6 couldn’t be changed.
As a teacher，O’Callaghan often told students，“If something is wrong，you can’t 7 and let it happen.” So she started a(n) 8 to save the trees.O’Callaghan went from door to door in the neighborhood， 10 local people to fight for the trees.
The locals 9 O’Callaghan.“It’s amazing to see someone who shows great 10 for giving a voice to those trees，” said her neighbor Victoria. 13 ，her efforts paid off.HS2 11 an alternative overhead design.And O’Callaghan was nominated(提名) for “Guardian Angel” in recognition of her attempts to 12 nature in the county.
1．A.remarkable B．academic C．similar D．profitable
2．A.removed B．painted C．designed D．spotted
3．A.position B．growth C．misfortune D．protection
4．A.risk taking B．eye catching C．heart breaking D．life saving
5．A.inseparable B．unimaginable C．inaccessible D．indescribable
6．A.launched B．phoned C．disturbed D．drew
7．A.style B．promise C．research D．decision
8．A.set off B．stand by C．make out D．knock off
9．A.competition B．conversation C．campaign D．interview
10．A.forcing B．permitting C．challenging D．persuading
11．A.got along with B．spoke highly of C．laughed at D．turned down
12．A.enthusiasm B．gratitude C．sympathy D．potential
13．A.Previously B．Eventually C．Specifically D．Occasionally
14．A.changed B．opposed C．cancelled D．considered
15．A.preserve B．appreciate C．defeat D．approach
二、阅读单选（本大题共4小题）
From littering the highest mountain peak to the deepest sea, we have messed up the environment and not left a single spot clean. Plastic pollution was also the theme for the last year’s Environment Day, but has anything changed
With a “hope” to change things, a 150 feet long and 12 feet high “Wall of Hope” has been constructed using 15,000 discarded bottles collected from various sources such as streets and roads in Mussoorie and the surrounding region, which encourages the tourists to keep the surroundings clean.
Mussoorie attracts armies of visitors from neighboring cities every month so that it sometimes gets choked by over-tourism. But then, people hardly paid attention to the “saving the environment” cried these days. So, in order to convey this message in a meaningful and beautiful way, the locals of Mussoorie came up with this unique concept to remind travelers of the litter they leave behind.
The wall was built by over 50 volunteers that are basically school and college students who stepped forward to help bring this idea to life. For establishing this, plastic bottles of different shapes, sizes, and colors have been collected and fixed in this wall. Seeing their tireless efforts, the village locals also joined in later to help turn this project into a success story and then it spread like wildfire. They are actually admiring this new addition to the landscapes of Mussoorie, saying that the town looks even more beautiful now!
The wall was designed by Subodh Kerkar, founder of the private art gallery Museum of Goa. Talking to Hindustan Times, Kerkar said, “The wall will draw structural strength from steel pillars (柱子) being fixed two feet deep into the ground. The structure is completely rain and wind proof. I hope the wall will inspire a sense of beauty and will add color to the peaceful background of the hills.”
13．What is the function of the question mentioned in Paragraph 1
A．To introduce the topic of the passage.
B．To remind readers of the climate change.
C．To show the theme of the Environment Day.
D．To stress the bad effect of plastic pollution.
14．What does the underlined word “discarded” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Abandoned. B．Decorated. C．Broken. D．Donated.
15．What can we know about "Wall of Hope" from the passage
A．It was made of certain equal- sized bottles.
B．It was designed by some college students.
C．It attracts fewer tourists to visit Mussoorie.
D．It raises tourists’ environmental awareness.
16．Which of the following best describes “Wall of Hope”
A．Towering and less known. B．Common and well-received.
C．Unique and far reaching. D．Huge and money consuming.
Darrell Blatchley, a marine biologist and environmentalist based in the Philippine city of Davao, received a call from the Philippines, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (渔业与水产资源局) early Friday morning reporting a death of a young whale.
When the necropsy (尸检) was performed, Blatchley told NPR, he was not prepared for the amount of plastic they found in the whale’s stomach. “It was full of plastic nothing but nonstop plastic.” he said “It was filled to the point that its stomach was as hard as a baseball.” That means that this animal has been suffering not for days or weeks but for months or even a year or more,” Blatchley added.
Blatchley is the founder and owner of the D’Bone Collector Museum, a natural history museum in Davao. In the coming days, the museum will display all the items found in the whale’s system. Blatchley and his team work with the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and other organizations to assist in rescue and recovery of marine animals.
“Within the last 10 years, we have recovered 61 whales and dolphins just within the Davao Gulf,” he said. “Of them, 57 have died due to man whether they took plastic or fishing nets or other waste, or gotten caught in pollution — and four were pregnant.”
Blatchley said he hoped that the latest incident would launch the issue of plastic pollution in the Philippines and across the globe. “If we keep going this way, it will be more uncommon to see an animal die of natural causes than it is to see an animal die of plastic,” he said.
17．What can be inferred from the second paragraph
A．The whale was starved to death.
B．Blatchley was shocked at what he found.
C．The dead whale must have swallowed a baseball.
D．Blatchley didn’t make preparations for the necropsy.
18．What will be shown in the D’Bone Collector Museum
A．Waste collected from the ocean.
B．The whole system of the whale.
C．Things found in the whale’s body.
D．Many different tools of whaling.
19．What does Blatchley think of plastic pollution in the Philippines
A．Uncommon. B．Worrying. C．Inspiring. D．Mild.
20．What is the best title for the text
A．A Whale Found Dead of Plastic
B．Stand Up for Protecting Whales
C．Plastic Threatening Our Existence
D．Natural Death or Merciless Murder
A new study suggests classic paintings by well-known Impressionists Joseph Turner and Claude Monet may have been influenced by air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.
Scientists don’t know exactly how polluted the cities were during that time for lack of data. However, researchers say that examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long-term environmental change with the air pollution.
The study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by authors from Harvard and Sorbonne universities, analyzed 60 oil paintings by Turner from 1796 to 1850 and 38 paintings by Monet from 1864 to 1901. Scientists successfully measured painters’ representation (再现) of nature, focusing on the colors as well as differences in local weather patterns which influenced coloring. They significantly found that paintings composed in Britain generally feature a greyer blue sky than works in other parts of Europe.
Researchers particularly believe changes in local sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫) emissions from burning coal may explain changes in the color contrast and intensity (亮度) of Turner’s and Monet’s works, even after taking into account the artistic trends and subject matter of the time.
Generally, artists can historically accurately represent their environment. Turner and Monet were chosen because they are famous for their landscape and cityscape paintings and also because they were active during the Industrial Revolution, when air pollution grew at a rate never seen before.
Additionally, researchers say that since the air in London was much polluted, the cities would appear grey and dull to the eyes as well as in photographs. By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet to photos from the era, they were able to determine the painting works were definitely influenced by the change in emissions.
21． What did the researchers find in the works of Turner and Monet
A．Air pollution at that time. B．Change in subject matter.
C．Social trends of the period. D．Development of photography.
22． How did the researchers conduct the study
A．By referring to relevant historical records.
B．By examining the coloring of the paintings.
C．By comparing the paintings of Turner with Monet’s.
D．By analyzing the data during the Industrial Revolution.
23． What can we learn from the passage
A．European artists preferred landscape paintings.
B．Turner and Monet intended to present pollution.
C．The research focused on studying weather patterns.
D．Britain suffered most from air pollution in Europe.
24． What is the purpose of the text
A．To call on people to protect the environment.
B．To introduce air pollution in the Industrial Revolution.
C．To inform people of a new discovery in certain artworks.
D．To instruct people to admire classic paintings in new ways.
Almost a quarter of the UK’s sea swimmers may not swim in the ocean this year because of sewage (污水) dumping by water companies, according to a poll (民意调查). Sewage was dumped into waters near England’s most celebrated beaches for nearly 8,500 hours last year. And there were 1,504 discharges (排出) in 2022 on beaches supposed to be free from such pollution.
The poll spoke to 2,272 UK adults between 21 and 23 on July. Just over 30% said they typically went sea swimming during the summer, and of these 23% said they would not this year because of sewage dumping by water companies. More than two in five of the regular beachgoers also said they were less likely to visit the British seaside this summer because of sewage discharges.
The Department for Environment says government should allow the Environment Agency to charge unlimited fines on rule-breaking water companies. Fines are currently capped (上限) at 250,000. The Department for Environment has been calling for a sewage tax on annual profits and a ban on bonuses of water company managers. “Coastal communities are at the mercy of water companies who unapologetically discharge raw sewage into popular swimming spots,” Tim Farron, the Department for Environment’s spokesperson said. “The government needs to stop letting water companies off the hook and finally ban these terrible sewage discharges and defend our tourism sector.”
A Water UK spokesperson said standards at beaches had greatly improved since the 1990s but that the industry recognized it had been slow to deal with the harm to our seas caused by sewage overflows. “Over the next seven years, water and sewerage companies plan to spend 10bn — doubling current levels of investment — on sewage treatment,” they said. “As part of this, bathing waters will be among the first to receive funding.”
25．What does the poll show
A．Water companies dumped the most sewage into waters last year.
B．Many swimmers avoid the water over fears of sewage on UK beaches.
C．Waters near England’s most celebrated beaches are not seriously polluted.
D．Over two fifths of the regular beachgoers in UK are between 21 and 23.
26．What suggestion does the Department for Environment make to the government
A．Reducing bonuses of water company managers.
B．Shutting down those rule-breaking water companies.
C．Fining rule-breaking water companies at least 250,000.
D．Introducing a sewage tax on water companies’ yearly profits.
27．What does the underlined part “off the hook” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Develop slowly. B．Improve too fast.
C．Free of responsibility. D．Attract public attention.
28．In which section of the website can you probably read the text
A．Environment. B．Lifestyle. C．Fitness. D．Business.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
ChatGPT is part of a new generation of AI systems that can have a discussion and create written work.It can even produce new images and videos based on what it has learned from a large database of digital books，online writings and other media.It’s available for free to anyone on the Internet. 1 It works like a written conversation between the AI system and the person asking it questions.
2 They used it to write poems or songs.Some tried to trick it into making mistakes.Others used it to write email.All of those requests are helping it to get smarter.Its popularity has led its creators to try to lower some people’s expectations.
The New York City education department said it is restricting use of ChatGPT. 3 It also has concerns regarding the safety and accuracy of the content written by ChatGPT.Teachers are now trying to find out how to prevent students using the AI tool for cheating. 4
Jenna Lyle，a spokesperson for New York schools，said the tool may provide quick and easy answers to questions，but it doesn’t build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills. 5
In a human-written statement，OpenAI said that it plans to work with educators as it learns how people are experimenting with ChatGPT in the real world.“We don’t want ChatGPT to be used for misleading purposes in schools or anywhere else，so we’re already developing means to help anyone identify text generated by that system，” the company said.
A．It is also designed to be more user-friendly.
B．But there’s no stopping a student from using it at home.
C．It is worried about negative impacts on student learning.
D．You can watch it produce a school report in a few seconds.
E．These skills are essential for academic and lifelong success.
F．Millions of people have played with the tool over the past month.
G．Blocking the writing tool on school devices and networks is good for students.
四、选词填空完成句子（本大题共5小题）
选择填空：in addition/in addition to
29．Our cafe offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, seasonal specials.
30．If you pay for the computer in cash, you could have a 5% discount; , we can deliver it to you for free.
31．He said,“Please come here again tomorrow.”
→He (ordered/asked)me to go there again the next day.
选词填空：affect/effect
32．It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may your credit (信誉).
33．The crisis had a negative on trade.
阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词或词组并用其正确形式填空。
Have an impact on reliable submit reveal be responsible for Make up one’s mind barrier figure out end up competitive
34．You need a degree to be in today’s job market.
35．We need more information before we can take action.
36．The mountains acted as a natural to the spread of the disease.
37．The movie we wanted to see was sold out so we seeing a different one.
38．If you something, it is your duty to deal with it and make decisions relating to it.
39．Those interested in the position should their applications to the Student Union.
40．A survey of the British diet that a growing number of people are overweight.
41．We had a very productive meeting because I felt we a lot of problems.
42．Technological innovation the country’s economy quite considerably.
43．Summer vacation is coming, but I can’t where to take my vacation.
根据句意选取下列单词的适当形式填空
restrict inspect consult absorb recognize influence enthusiastic candidate respective sympathy commitment enterprise
44．填空题
The education I have received is in forming my character.
45．填空题
The local villager told the travelers about the customs of the ceremony.
46．填空题
As a scientist he has achieved nationwide and respect.
47．填空题
Judy didn’t notice the teacher come in the room, in her book.
48．填空题
Press secretary Robert Gibbs once worked as a private advising President Obama.
49．填空题
Children in both double income and male breadwinner households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22 hours .
50．填空题
All parents support the regulations allowing kids under 18 access to the internet.
51．填空题
Engineers carried out a thorough of the track before it was put into service.
52．填空题
After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand out among the and survive the test alone.
53．填空题
I don’t feel towards the murderer who claims to be affected by his poor childhood.
五、单句（本大题共5小题）
54．More often than not, many of us judge other’s actions so that we can sort them into (category) of good and evil.
55．The e-commerce has influenced production and (consume) and promoted the development of the service sector.
56．With the level of haze rising greatly, many people work to raise public (aware) of environmental protection. (所给词的适当形式填空)
57．No one can deny the fact these reforms have contributed to the further development of our economy.
58．She is sensitive people’s feelings,so don’t disturb her.
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
59．假定你是李华，近期你校成立了“孔子思想研究”网上俱乐部。你的美国朋友Tom对中国文化很感兴趣，请你给他写一封邮件，邀请他加入该俱乐部。内容包括：
1．写信目的；
2．俱乐部活动内容；
3．表达期待。
注意：
1．写作词数应为100左右；
2．参考词汇：孔子Confucius；孔子思想Confucianism；
3．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Tom,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
一、完形（15空）
【知识点】副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、生活故事、记叙文
【答案】1．A
2．D
3．C
4．C
5．A
6．B
7．D
8．B
9．C
10．D
11．B
12．A
13．B
14．D
15．A
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了退休教师奥卡拉汉发起了一场拯救橡树的运动。
【解析】1．根据下文内容可知，奥卡拉汉为了保护橡树做了一些更了不起的事情，所以被提名成为守护天使。故选A。
2．根据上文“O’Callaghan was walking her dogs”可知，奥卡拉汉遛狗时发现了橡树上的黄色圆点。故选D。
3．根据下文“The marked trees would make way for a new rail line”可知，因为这些被标记的树木将为一条新的铁路线让路，所以是不幸的。故选C。
4．根据下文“Planted in the 19th century，they were parts of her childhood.‘My family used to picnic under them，’ she recalled，‘And they meant much.’”可知，因为这些树对奥卡拉汉意义重大，所以砍这些树对她来说是心碎的。故选C。
5．根据下文“My family used to picnic under them”可知，这些树是奥卡拉汉童年不可分割的一部分。故选A。
6．根据下文“only to be told the couldn’t be changed”可知，奥卡拉汉打电话给HS2服务热线，希望对方能改变决定。故选B。
7．根据下文“couldn’t be changed”可知，对方告诉奥卡拉汉砍树的决定不能改变。故选D。
8．根据下文“and let it happen”可知，奥卡拉汉经常告诉学生遇到问题不能袖手旁观。故选B。
9．根据下文“O’Callaghan went from door to door in the neighborhood， local people to fight for the trees.”可知，奥卡拉汉发起了一场拯救树木的运动。 故选C。
10．根据上文“O’Callaghan went from door to door in the neighborhood”可知，奥卡拉汉试图说服当地人为保护树木而战。故选D。
11．根据下文“‘It’s amazing to see someone who shows great for giving a voice to those trees，’ said her neighbor Victoria.”可知，当地人对奥卡拉汉称赞不绝。故选B。
12．根据下文“for giving a voice to those trees”可知，看到有人表现出极大的热情为保护这些树而发声，非常令人惊叹。故选A。
13．根据下文“her efforts paid off”可知，最终奥卡拉汉的努力得到了回报。故选B。
14．根据下文“an alternative overhead design”可知，HS2考虑了避开砍树的另一种架空设计。故选D。
15．根据上文可知，奥卡拉汉的所作所为是在保护自然。故选A。
二、阅读单选
【知识点】公益行为、推理判断、新闻、环境保护、词句猜测
【答案】
13．A；
14．A；
15．D；
16．C
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。为了提高人们的环保意识，志愿者用一万五只废弃瓶子建造了一座150英尺长、12英尺高的“希望之墙”。
13．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Plastic pollution was also the theme for the last year’s Environment Day, but has anything changed （塑料污染也是去年环境日的主题，但是有什么变化吗？）”中的问题以及后文“With a “hope” to change things, a 150 feet long and 12 feet high “Wall of Hope” has been constructed using 15,000 discarded bottles collected from various sources such as streets and roads in Mussoorie and the surrounding region, which encourages the tourists to keep the surroundings clean.（为了“希望”改变现状，一座150英尺长、12英尺高的“希望之墙”已经建成，使用了从马苏里及周边地区的街道和道路等各种来源收集的15000个废弃瓶子，鼓励游客保持周围环境清洁。）”可知，第一段提出的这个问题，就是为了引出“希望之墙”这个话题。故选A项。
14．
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词后“collected from various sources such as streets and roads in Mussoorie and the surrounding region（从马苏里及周边地区的街道和道路等各种来源收集的）”中的collected 及streets and roads可推知，划线词应表达“废弃的”之意。故选A项。
15．
推理判断题。根据第三段“But then, people hardly paid attention to the “saving the environment” cried these days. So, in order to convey this message in a meaningful and beautiful way, the locals of Mussoorie came up with this unique concept to remind travelers of the litter they leave behind.（但是那时，人们几乎没有注意到“拯救环境”的号召。因此，为了以一种有意义和美丽的方式传达这个信息，马苏里当地人想出了这个独特的概念，以提醒旅行者他们留下的垃圾。）”可知，“希望之墙”提升了人们的环保意识。故选D项。
16．
推理判断题。根据第三段“So, in order to convey this message in a meaningful and beautiful way, the locals of Mussoorie came up with this unique concept to remind travelers of the litter they leave behind.（因此，为了以一种有意义和美丽的方式传达这个信息，马苏里当地人想出了这个独特的概念，以提醒旅行者他们留下的垃圾。）”中的unique以及倒数第二段“Seeing their tireless efforts, the village locals also joined in later to help turn this project into a success story and then it spread like wildfire. They are actually admiring this new addition to the landscapes of Mussoorie, saying that the town looks even more beautiful now!（看到他们不知疲倦的努力，村民们后来也加入进来，帮助这个项目成为一个成功的故事，然后它像野火一样蔓延开来。他们实际上是在欣赏这个新增加的马苏里风景，说这个城镇现在看起来更美了！）”中的spread like wildfire及looks even more beautiful可知，“希望之墙”设计独特（unique），且影响深远（far reaching）。故选C项。
【知识点】主旨大意、动物植物、推理判断、故事、环境保护、细节理解、记叙文
【答案】
17．B；
18．C；
19．B；
20．A
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对海洋塑料污染的担忧。
17．
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“he was not prepared for the amount of plastic they found in the whale’s stomach”可知，布拉奇利在鲸鱼的胃里发现了大量的塑料，他对此毫无准备，这是他意想不到的，由此可知，布拉奇利对他的发现感到震惊，故B项正确。
18．
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the coming days, the museum will display all the items found in the whale’s system.”可知，在鲸鱼体内发现的东西将在这座自然博物馆中展出，故C项正确。
19．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If we keep going this way, it will be more uncommon to see an animal die of natural causes than it is to see an animal die of plastic,”可知，布拉奇利说如果我们继续这样下去，动物因吃塑料死亡的情况比自然死亡更为常见，由此可知，他对菲律宾的塑料污染很担忧，故B项正确。
20．
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对塑料污染的担忧，故A项（一只被发现死于塑料的鲸鱼）最适合作文章标题。故选A。
【点睛】
文章标题形式的主旨大意题难度较大，被选选项要有高度的概括性，全面地概括出文章内容，例如本篇第4题，通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对塑料污染的担忧，因此标题一定要体现出鲸鱼的死因——吞食塑料，故A项（一只被发现死于塑料的鲸鱼）最适合作文章标题。
【知识点】情节发展、环境保护、目的意图、科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】
21． A
22． B
23． D
24． C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，研究者们研究发现，工业革命时期空气污染可能影响了著名印象派画家特纳和莫奈的作品，他们画中的英国天空更显灰蓝，揭示了长期环境变化及污染状况。
【详解】
21． 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“However, researchers say that examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long-term environmental change with the air pollution. (然而，研究人员表示，研究特纳和莫奈的作品可以描绘出空气污染带来的长期环境变化。)”和第三段中“Scientists successfully measured painters’ representation (再现) of nature, focusing on the colors as well as differences in local weather patterns which influenced coloring. They significantly found that paintings composed in Britain generally feature a greyer blue sky than works in other parts of Europe. (科学家们成功地测量了画家对自然的表现，重点关注了色彩以及影响色彩的当地天气模式的差异。他们显著地发现，在英国创作的画作通常比在欧洲其他地区创作的画作呈现出更灰色的蓝天。)”可知，研究人员通过分析两位画家作品中的颜色使用以及与欧洲其他地区作品的比较，发现英国的作品通常描绘的天空更灰暗，这暗示了空气污染对画作的影响，研究人员在特纳和莫奈的作品中发现了当时的空气污染。故选A。
22． 推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Scientists successfully measured painters’ representation (再现) of nature, focusing on the colors as well as differences in local weather patterns which influenced coloring. They significantly found that paintings composed in Britain generally feature a greyer blue sky than works in other parts of Europe. (科学家们成功地测量了画家对自然的表现，重点关注了色彩以及影响色彩的当地天气模式的差异。他们显著地发现，在英国创作的画作通常比在欧洲其他地区创作的画作呈现出更灰色的蓝天。)”可知，科学家成功测量了画家对自然的再现，特别是关注颜色以及影响着色的当地天气模式的差异。这表明他们主要通过分析画作的色彩来开展研究。故选B。
23． 推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Scientists successfully measured painters’ representation (再现) of nature, focusing on the colors as well as differences in local weather patterns which influenced coloring. They significantly found that paintings composed in Britain generally feature a greyer blue sky than works in other parts of Europe. (科学家们成功地测量了画家对自然的表现，重点关注了色彩以及影响色彩的当地天气模式的差异。他们显著地发现，在英国创作的画作通常比在欧洲其他地区创作的画作呈现出更灰色的蓝天。)”和最后一段“Additionally, researchers say that since the air in London was much polluted, the cities would appear grey and dull to the eyes as well as in photographs. By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet to photos from the era, they were able to determine the painting works were definitely influenced by the change in emissions. (此外，研究人员表示，由于伦敦的空气污染严重，城市在眼睛和照片中都会显得灰暗和沉闷。通过将特纳和莫奈的画作与那个时代的照片进行比较，他们能够确定这些绘画作品肯定受到了排放变化的影响。)”可知，与欧洲其他地区的画作相比，英国画作中的天空显得更灰暗，且由于伦敦空气质量极差，城市在人眼及照片中都会显得灰暗无光，说明英国在当时遭受的空气污染最为严重。故选D。
24． 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“A new study suggests classic paintings by well-known Impressionists Joseph Turner and Claude Monet may have been influenced by air pollution during the Industrial Revolution. (一项新的研究表明，著名印象派画家约瑟夫·特纳和克劳德·莫奈的经典画作可能受到了工业革命期间空气污染的影响。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，这项研究发现工业革命时期，空气污染可能影响了著名印象派画家特纳和莫奈的作品，他们画中的英国天空更显灰蓝，揭示了长期环境变化及污染状况。选项C“To inform people of a new discovery in certain artworks. (告知人们在某些艺术品中的新发现。)”符合题意。故选C。
【知识点】推理判断、新闻、环境保护、细节理解、词句猜测
【答案】
25．B
26．D
27．C
28．A
【详解】
25．细节理解题。根据首段中的“Almost a quarter of the UK’s sea swimmers may not swim in the ocean this year because of sewage (污水) dumping by water companies, according to a poll (民意调查). (一项民意调查显示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，英国近四分之一的海泳者今年可能不会在海里游泳。)”以及第二段中的“Just over 30% said they typically went sea swimming during the summer, and of these 23% said they would not this year because of sewage dumping by water companies. (超过30%的人表示，他们通常在夏天去海里游泳，其中23%的人表示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，他们今年不会去游泳。)”可知，民意调查显示，由于担心英国海滩上的未经处理的污水，许多游泳者不愿下水游泳，由此可知，许多游泳者因为担心英国海滩上的污水而避免下水。故选B项。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The Department for Environment has been calling for a sewage tax on annual profits and a ban on bonuses of water company managers. (英国环境部一直呼吁对年度利润征收污水税，并禁止发放水务公司经理的奖金。)”可知，环境部建议政府对水务公司的年度利润征收污水税。故选D项。
27．词义猜测题。根据划线短语前的“ ‘Coastal communities are at the mercy of water companies who unapologetically discharge raw sewage into popular swimming spots,’ Tim Farron, the Department for Environment’s spokesperson said. (英国环境部发言人蒂姆·法伦说：“沿海社区任由水务公司摆布，他们毫无歉意地将未经处理的污水排放到热门的游泳场所。”)”可知，水务公司毫无歉意地将未经处理的污水排放到热门的游泳场所，结合划线短语所在的句子“The government needs to stop letting water companies… (政府需要停止让水务公司……)”可知，政府应停止水务公司的这种“毫无歉意地”把污水排放到热门的游泳场所，由此可知，划线短语的意思与“毫无歉意的行为”的意义相近。“develop slowly”意为“缓慢发展”；“improve too fast”意为“发展太快”；“free of responsibility”意为“不负责任”；“attract public attention”意为“吸引公众注意”。可知，因为不想负责任，所以做这些事时毫无歉意。故选C项。
28．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Almost a quarter of the UK’s sea swimmers may not swim in the ocean this year because of sewage (污水) dumping by water companies, according to a poll (民意调查). Sewage was dumped into waters near England’s most celebrated beaches for nearly 8,500 hours last year. And there were 1,504 discharges (排出) in 2022 on beaches supposed to be free from such pollution. (一项民意调查显示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，英国近四分之一的海泳者今年可能不会在海里游泳。去年，污水被倾倒到英国最著名的海滩附近的水域近8500个小时。2022年，在本应没有此类污染的海滩上，有1,504次排放。)”可知，民意调查表明，由于税务局将未经处理的污水排放到海滩附近，致使游泳者远离英国的海滩，结合下文中的介绍的英国环境部向政府的提议可知，这类内容最可能出现在网站中关于“环境”的部分。A．Environment 环境；B．Lifestyle 生活方式；C．Fitness 健康；D．Business 商业。故选A项。
三、七选五阅读
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【答案】29．A 30．F 31．C 32．B 33．E
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了风靡美国的一款名为ChatGPT的人工智能软件的相关情况，以及老师等各界人士的看法。
【解析】29．空前一句陈述了ChatGPT免费使用的优点，空后一句解释它的操作比较简单。由此推知，空处应陈述ChatGPT的另一个优点。因此A项“它的设计也更便于使用”符合语境，also表明与上文的并列关系，故选A。
30．空后两句描述了人们使用ChatGPT的各种情形，由此推知，有很多人使用ChatGPT。因此F项“在过去的一个月里，数百万人使用了这个工具”引起下文，符合语境，故选F。
31．空前一句提到纽约市教育部门正在限制ChatGPT的使用，空后一句说明了限制使用ChatGPT的另一个理由，下文的“has concerns regarding”与C项的“is worried about”呼应。因此C项“它担心对学生学习的负面影响”符合语境，故选C。
32．根据上文“Teachers are now trying to find out how to prevent students using the AI tool for cheating.”可知，在学校老师尽力阻止学生使用ChatGPT，但他们无法对学生在家的行为进行管控。因此B项“但是无法阻止学生在家里使用它”符合语境，与上文构成转折。故选B。
33．上文“but it doesn’t build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills”说明这款软件不足以培养学生的技能，因此E项“这些技能对于学业和终身成功至关重要”符合语境，These skills指代上文“critical-thinking and problem-solving skills”。故选E。
四、选词填空完成句子
【知识点】介词短语
【答案】
29．in addition to
30．in addition
【详解】
29．考查介词词组。句意：我们的咖啡馆除了提供季节性的特色菜外，还提供菜品齐全的午餐和可供选择的零食。分析句子，in addition to为介词词组，seasonal specials在句中作宾语。故填in addition to。
30．考查介词词组。句意：如果您用现金买这台电脑，您将享受5%的折扣，此外我们还能免费给您送货。in addition为固定搭配，意为“此外”，在句中作状语。故填in addition。
【知识点】直接引语和间接引语
31．【答案】asked
【知识点】可数名词及其单、复数、表推测
【答案】
32．affect
33．effect
【详解】
32．考查动词。句意：准时缴交电费是很重要的，因为迟交电费可能会影响你的信用。设空前情态动词may，所以设空处要用动词原形。affect“影响”为及物动词，故填affect。
33．考查名词。句意：这场危机对贸易产生了负面影响。短语have a negative effect on sth.意为“对……有负面/消极影响”，故填effect。
【知识点】一般现在时、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、不可数名词、动词短语、及物动词、名词作宾语、形容词作定语、形容词作表语、形容词的基本形式、过去完成时
【答案】34．competitive 35．reliable 36．barrier 37．ended up 38．are responsible for 39．submit 40．revealed 41．had figured out 42．has an impact on 43．make up my mind
【详解】34．考查形容词。句意：你需要一个学位才能在当今的就业市场上具有竞争力。系动词后跟形容词作表语，competitive意为“有竞争力的”，学位有利于就业，符合基本认知，故填入competitive。
35．考查形容词。句意：我们需要更可靠的信息才能采取行动。此处应使用形容词来修饰名词information，reliable意为“可靠的”，表示可靠的信息有助于行动，故填入reliable。
36．考查名词。句意：山脉是阻止疾病传播的天然屏障。此处的形容词应修饰名词作介词as的宾语，barrier“屏障、障碍”，此处指的是阻碍疾病的传播的天然屏障，故填入barrier。
37．考查动词的时态。句意：我们想看的电影已经卖光了，所以我们最后看了另一部。根据so可知，本句表示结果，end up doing“最终做了某事”，主句时态为一般过去，从句也应使用一般过去时，故填入ended up。
38．考查系表结构。句意：如果你对某事负有责任，你有责任处理它并做出与之相关的决定。根据duty“责任、义务”关键词可知，此处指的是负责某事，be responsible for“为……负责”；在if条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时，主语为you，故填入are responsible for。
39．考查动词。句意：对该职位感兴趣的学生应向学生会提交申请。情态动词后跟动词原形，submit an application意为“提交申请”，与语义相符，故填入submit。
40．考查动词时态。句意：一项针对英国饮食的调查显示，越来越多的人超重。本句指的是一份调查揭露的信息，reveal意为“揭露”，时间为过去，应使用一般过去时，故填入revealed。
41．考查动词时态。句意：我们开了一次非常有成效的会议，因为我觉得我们解决了很多问题。此处指的是会议上解决了问题，figure out意为“查明。解决”；又根据动词felt可知，时间为过去，解决问题在此之前，应使用过去完成式，故填入had figured out。
42．考查动词时态。句意：技术革新对该国经济产生了相当大的影响。此处指的是技术革新对经济的影响，has an impact on意为“对……产生影响”，谈论的是当前的事实，时间为一般现在，主语innovation意为“创新”时为不可数名词，故填入has an impact on。
43．考查动词短语。句意：暑假快到了，但我拿不定主意去哪里度假。根据where可知，此处指的是度假地点还没决定，make up one’s mind意为“决心、决定”，主语为I，且情态动词后跟动词原形，故填入make up my mind。
【知识点】副词作状语、可数名词及其单、复数、名词作宾语、形容词作定语、形容词作状语、形容词作表语
【答案】
44．influential；
45．enthusiastically；
46．recognition；
47．absorbed；
48．consultant；
49．respectively；
50．restrictive；
51．inspection；
52．candidates；
53．sympathetic
【分析】
44．
考查形容词。句意：我所受的教育对我的性格形成有影响。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词。influence的形容词是influential，意为“有影响力的”符合句意。故填influential。
45．
考查副词。句意：当地村民热情地向游客们介绍了仪式的习俗。分析句子可知，空格处应填入副词修饰动词。enthusiastic的副词是enthusiastically，意为“热情地”符合句意。故填enthusiastically。
46．
考查名词。句意：作为一名科学家，他获得了全国的认可和尊重。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。recognize的名词是recognition，意为“认可”符合句意。故填recognition。
47．
考查形容词。句意：朱迪没有注意到老师走进教室，全神贯注在她的书中。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作伴随状语。absorb的形容词是absorbed，意为“全神贯注的，入迷的”符合句意。故填absorbed。
48．
考查名词。句意：新闻秘书罗伯特·吉布斯（RobertGibbs）曾担任私人顾问，为奥巴马总统提供咨询。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。consult的名词是consultant，意为“顾问”符合句意。故填consultant。
49．
考查副词。句意：双收入家庭和男性养家糊口家庭的孩子与父母互动的时间相当，分别为19小时和22小时。分析句子可知，空格处应填入副词作状语。respectively意为“分别，各自”符合句意。故填respectively。
50．
考查形容词。句意：所有家长都支持允许18岁以下儿童限制上网的规定。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词修饰access。restrict的形容词是restrictive，意为“限制的”符合句意。故填restrictive。
51．
考查名词。句意：在投入使用之前，工程师们对这条轨道进行了彻底的检查。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。inspect的名词inspection，意为“检查，视察”符合句意。故填inspection。
52．
考查名词的数。句意：在无数次面试和演讲之后，我在候选人中脱颖而出，独自通过了考试。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词复数作宾语。candidates意为“候选人”符合句意。故填candidates。
53．
考查形容词。句意：我对那个声称受其贫穷童年影响的杀人犯没有同情心。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作表语。sympathy的形容词是sympathetic，意为“同情的”符合句意。故填sympathetic。
五、单句
54．【答案】categories
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：通过我们中的许多人判断别人的行为，以便将其分为善行与恶性。category是可数名词，且根据空后的of good and evil可知，此处应为名词复数。
55．【答案】consumption
【详解】考查名词。句意：电子商务影响了生产和消费，促进了服务业的发展。空处与名词 production 并列，应用名词consumption，表示“消费”，作动词influenced的宾语。故填consumption。
【知识点】不可数名词、名词作宾语、派生法
56．【答案】awareness
【详解】考查名词。句意：随着雾霾水平的大幅上升，许多人努力提高公众的环境保护意识。此处作宾语，应用名词awareness，且为不可数名词。故填awareness。
【知识点】同位语从句
57．【答案】that
【知识点】其他介词
58．【答案】to
六、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、学校生活、邀请、邀请信
59．【答案】Dear Tom,
Knowing that you’re extremely keen on Chinese culture, I’m more than delighted to write to you with the intention of inviting you to join the Confucianism online club.
Established by our school recently, the club possesses various characteristics. First of all, we hold regular sessions, studying the statements of Confucius, who has a profound influence on Chinese philosophy. What’s more, professors related are frequently invited to give speeches on Confucianism online, thus, providing club members with a vast traditional knowledge. As far as I am concerned, the club is of great significance and help for you to gain a better understanding of Chinese culture.
I’d appreciate it if you could take my invitation into consideration seriously. I have the confidence that you will make great progress.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。要求考生向美国朋友Tom写一封邮件，邀请他加入学校近期成立的“孔子思想研究”网上俱乐部。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
及其，非常：extremely → pretty
热衷于：be keen on → be crazy about
建立：establish → found
特征：characteristic → feature
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：What’s more, professors related are frequently invited to give speeches on Confucianism online, thus, providing club members with a vast traditional knowledge.
拓展句：What’s more, professors who are related are frequently invited to give speeches on Confucianism online, thus, providing club members with a vast traditional knowledge.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Established by our school recently, the club possesses various characteristics. （运用了过去分词作状语）
【高分句型2】First of all, we hold regular sessions, studying the statements of Confucius, who has a profound influence on Chinese philosophy. （运用了现在分词作状语以及who引导的非限制性定语从句）
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