资源简介

(共39张PPT)
被动语态
Passive Voice
目录
CONTENTS
定义与结构
什么时候要使用被动语态？
如何将主动句改为被动句？
不同时态的被动语态及举例
被动语态的疑问句与答句
主动表被动、特殊结构
短语动词变被动、常用句型
英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即:________和________。
主动语态
被动语态
Active Voice
主动语态：
主语是动作的发出者——“把”字句。
The Emperor slapped Huanhuan. 皇上把嬛嬛打了！
Passive Voice
被动语态：
主语是动作的承受者—“被”字句。
Huanhuan was slapped by the Emperor! 嬛嬛被皇上打了！
定义：
嬛嬛被翠果打了！
嬛嬛被皇上推了！
嬛嬛被皇上打了！
Huanhuan was slapped by Cuiguo!
Huanhuan was slapped by the Emperor!
Huanhuan was pushed by the Emperor!
主语
（接受动作者）
be动词+过去分词
（by+执行动作者）
被动语态由“___________________”构成。无论是什么时态的被动语态，这两个元素都缺一不可。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。
be动词+及物动词的过去分词
被动语态的构成：
什么时候要使用被动语态？
1、不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如:
My wallet was stolen.
(我的钱包被偷了。)
The meeting is cancelled.
(这场会议被取消了。)
2、需要强调动作的对象时。例如:
Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.
(计算器不能用于数学考试。)
Jack has been fired.
(杰克已经被解雇了。)
3、希望让语气较为客气时，被动语态的口气会比主动语态委婉，例如:
主动语态：We rejected your request.
被动语态：Your request has been rejected.
如何将主动句改为被动句？
例
主动句：The Emperor pushed Huanhuan.
被动句：Huanhuan was pushed by the Emperor!
步骤：
1
2
3
将主动句中的宾语改为主语
动词改为被动语态
将主动句中的主语，放在介词by之后，并接在被动语态后
主语
谓语
宾语
不同时态的被动语态
时态 主动语态 被动语态
1.一般现在时
2.一般过去时
3.一般将来时
4.现在进行时
5.过去进行时
6.现在完成时
7.过去完成时
8.过去将来时
9.情态动词
do/does
am/is/are+done
did
was/were+done
will do
will be done
am/ is/ are doing
am/is/are being done
was/ were doing
was/were being done
have/ has done
have/has been done
had done
had been done
would do
would be done
情态动词 +do
情态动词+be done
各种时态的被动语态举例
1、一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+ 动词的过去分词
We clean the classroom every day.
The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
2、一般过去式的被动语态: was/were+ 动词的过去分词
Tom bought a new bike yesterday.
A new bike was bought by Tom yesterday.
各种时态的被动语态举例
3. 一般将来时的被动语态:
(1) will/shall+ be+ 动词的过去分词
(2) am/is/are+ going to be+ 动词的过去分词
They will build a new hospital next year.
A new hospital will be built by them next year.
例句：Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
各种时态的被动语态举例
4、现在进行时的被动语态: am/is/are + being+ 动词的过去分词
The workers are painting the house.
The house is being painted by the workers.
5、过去进行时的被动语态: was/were +being+ 动词的过去分词
She was making a cake at 8:00 last night.
A cake was being made by her at 8:00 last night.
各种时态的被动语态举例
6、现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+ been+ 动词的过去分词
He has finished his homework.
His homework has been finished by him.
7、过去完成时的被动语态：had+ been+ 动词的过去分词
They had built two bridges before 2010.
Two bridges had been built by them before 2010.
各种时态的被动语态举例
8、过去将来时的被动语态:
(1) would/should+ be+ 动词的过去分词
(2) was/were t going to be+ 动词的过去分词
He said he would give me a book.
He said a book would be given to me by him.
例句：He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be+ done
例：
I must be paid for this.
Housework should be done everyday.
We can use the computer.
The computer can be used by us.
各种时态的被动语态举例
用下列动词的正确形式填空
The letters _____________ (send) by the postman already.
A concert __________ (hold) in this theater last week.
The classroom __________ (sweep) by the students every morning.
The cake _____________ (make) now.
Students should _______________ (encourage) to read more books.
This bridge _________ (build) in 2005.
The new play ______________ (put on) next month.
Young people ________ often _________ (advise) to plan for their future.
have been sent
was held
is swept
is being made
be encouraged
was built
will be put on
are
advised
被动语态的疑问句与答句
①被动语态的句型中含有be动词，因此只要把be动词移到句首，就是疑问句了！
例
The boys were punished by their father.
疑问句
Were the boys punished by their father
be动词移到句首
被动语态的疑问句与答句
答句
肯定详答
肯定简答
否定详答
否定简答
Yes, they were punished by their father.
Yes, they were.对，他们被罚了。
No, they weren’t punished by their father.
No, they weren’t.不，他们没有。
被动语态的疑问句与答句
②有助动词的被动语态，则是将be动词留在原处，并把助动词移到句首作为疑问句。
例
The old bikes have been repaired by us.
疑问句
Have the old bikes been repaired by you
助动词移到句首
be动词留在原处
被动语态的疑问句与答句
答句
肯定详答
肯定简答
否定详答
否定简答
Yes, it has been vacuumed.
Yes, it has.对，吸过了。
No, it hasn’t been vacuumed yet.
No, it hasn’t.不，还没。
疑问句变被动
Who broke the cup
Who _______________________
What can we do to improve our English
What ________________________________
打草稿：the cup was broken by whom
was
the cup broken by
变成陈述句：we can do what to improve our English
打草稿：what
can be done
to improve our English
can be done to improve our English
主动表被动
1. feel，look，sound，smell，taste，remain, keep, seem, appear,prove等系动词没有被动语态，主动形式表达被动含义。
2.不及物动词没有被动语态，主动形式表达被动含义。
3. 在短语want/need/require doing sth.中宾语可
用v.-ing主动形式表达被动含义。
4. be worth doing 值得..., 用主动表示被动。
主动表被动
这些菜尝起来很美味。
这个主意听起来很有趣。
1. feel，look，sound，smell，taste，remain, keep, seem, appear,prove等系动词没有被动语态，主动形式表达被动含义。
The dishes taste so delicious.
The idea sounds interesting.
The knife cuts well.
主动表被动
英语中有很多动词，如read, write, wash, sell,wear, clean, dry, open, close, lock, cut, drive, cook,messure, weigh 等动词来描述主语特性,与well,easily, perfectly 等副词连用时，常用它的主动形式表达被动含义，主语通常是物。
2.不及物动词没有被动语态，主动形式表达被动含义。
这把刀切东西很锋利。
这首诗读起来朗朗上口。
这种大米容易煮熟。
The poem reads well.
The knife cuts well.
This kind of rice cooks easily.
Tips：
主动语态表被动，强调的是主语的特征。
而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
比较:
This car won't start.
（这辆车发动不起来。说明汽车自身存在故障 ）
This old television was dropped and broken by the mover.
（这台旧电视机被搬运工摔碎了。指出是搬运工的行为致使电视机损坏）
This pen writes very fast.
（这支笔书写很流畅，强调笔本身的特性）
This pen was written with yesterday.
（这支笔昨天被用来写字了，强调笔被使用这个动作是外界施加的）
Tips：
3. 在短语want/need/require doing sth.中宾语可
用v.-ing主动形式表达被动含义。
want/need/require doing sth.= want/require/need to be done...需要被做
①The garden wants weeding. (to be weeded)
花园需要除草了。
②The broken bike in the corner needs repairing. (to be repaired)
角落里那辆坏了的自行车需要修理。
③This room requires painting. (to be painted)
这个房间需要粉刷了。
主动表被动
这部电影值得看两遍。
这个地方值得去参观。
4. be worth doing 值得..., 用主动表示被动。
The movie is wotrh seeing twice.
The place is worth visiting.
被动语态的特殊结构
make sb. do sth.= sb. be made to do sth.
see sb. do sth. = sb. be seen to do sth.
主动语态：The loud noise made the baby cry.
（巨大的噪音让婴儿哭了起来。）
被动语态：The baby was made to cry by the loud noise.
主动语态：I saw a little girl pick flowers in the garden.
（我看见一个小女孩在花园里摘花。）
被动语态：A little girl was seen to pick flowers in the garden by me.
1. 在使役动词have,make,let以及感官动词see,watch,hear,feel notice等后面不定式做宾语补足语时，主动语态中的不定时to要省略，但变为被动语态时要还原to。
主动原形，被动to
Practice
主动原形，被动to
1) I often hear him play the piano the next room.
He is often _____ ____ ____ the piano in the next room.
2) The teacher made me hand in the work after class.
I was _____ _____ _____ in the work after class.
3) Mother made me wash my clothes yesterday.
I ____ ____ ___ ____ my clothes yesterday.
heard to play
made to hand
was made
to wash
2. 双宾语的被动语态：当宾语是双宾语的时候, 变被动语态可以有两种,如果直接宾语提前, 则间接宾语前要补充介词 “to” “for”。（一般来说，物是直接宾语，人是间接宾语。）
主动语态：他们授给他(宾语)一枚奖章(宾语).
They gave him a medal for his wonderful work
被动语态：他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章.
He was given a medal for his wonderful work.
被动语态：一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.
A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.
间（人）在前，正常变
直（物）在前，to/ for填
被动语态的特殊结构
Practice
1) I bought my mother flowers last week.
→My mother _______ ________ flowers by me last week.
→Flowers ______ _____ _____ my mother by me last week.
2) Parents often give me lucky money during festivals.
→ I____ often______lucky money during festivals.
→Lucky money ____often _____ ___ me during festivals .
was bought
were bought for
am given
is given
to
①像 “buy”（买）这类动词，在主动句中常见结构是 “buy sb. sth.” 或 “buy sth. for sb.” 。变为被动语态时，当直接宾语（物）作主语，间接宾语（人）前用 for。
②“give”（给）这类动词，主动句结构 “give sb. sth.” 或 “give sth. to sb.” 。变被动语态，直接宾语（物）作主语时，间接宾语（人）前用 to 。
短语动词变被动
当原来的谓语动词是不及物动词+介词构成的谓语时, 变被动语态的时候, 介词不能省.
短语动词写完整
1) Mr Smith looks after the flowers very well.
The flowers ____ ______ ______ very well.
2) We must speak to the old politely.
The old must _____ _____ ____ politely.
3) She took good care of the baby.
The baby was ____ _____ ____ ____ .
are looked after
be spoken to
taken good care of
据说…
英语中常用到的被动语态的句型
It’s said that+ 句子.
= People say that+ 句子.
1) 据说我们学校今年成绩不错。
____ ____ that our school has got good results this year.
2) 据报道说… ______ ______ that….
3) 众所周之… ______ ______ that…
4) 人们相信… ______ ______ that…
5) 人们认为... _____ ________ that...
It's said
It's reported
It's known
It's believed
It's thought
被动语态
练习
一．被动语态填空
1．The library _______(build) ten years ago and has served the students ever since.
2．The results of the experiment_______________(announce) tomorrow.
3．This kind of cloth_______(wash)well. lt's very popular among customers.
4．The injured man__________(carry)to the hospital immediately after the accident.
5．The old city walls___ _______(protect) carefully as they are part of our history.
6．The important meeting________________ (hold) in the hall when l got there.
7．The novel l borrowed from the library___________ (return) by the end of this week.
8．The window ____________(break) by a ball just now. The naughty boy ran away.
9．English___________(speak)in many countries as an official language
10．The project ______________(finish) within two months according to the plan.
was built
will be announced
washes
was carried
are protected
was being held
will/must be returned
was broken
is spoken
will be finished
11．The new product______________(advertise)on TV every day.lt's becoming well-known.
12．The house_______________(paint) when we visited it. So we couldn't go inside.
13．The letter_________________(send) already. You should have received it.
14．The song_________________(compose)by a famous musician. lt has a beautiful tune.
15．The computer_______________(use)by my sister to do her homework every night.
16．The story___________(tell) to the children over and over again. They love it.
17．The party______________(organize) by the students last week.
18．The cake________________ (bake) in the oven for half an hour. lt smells good.
19．The exercise books__________(collect)by the teacher after class.
20．The speech______________(give) by the president yesterday.
is advertised
was being painted
has been sent
was composed
is uesd
has been told
was organized
has been baked
will be collected
was given
21．The dog________(feed)twice a day. lt's always energetic.
22．The plan________________(discuss) thoroughly at the meeting. Many good ideas came up.
23．The problem______________(solve) step by step. We are making progress.
24．The documents_________________(print) as we speak. Please wait a moment.
25．The play______________(put on) in the theater next month.
26．The message_______________(receive)a few minutes ago.
27．The building___________(design)by a famous architect. lt looks very unique.
28．The invitations______________(send out) last week. Many people have replied.
29．The report________________(write) carefully. lt needs to be accurate.
30．The package________________(deliver)tomorrow afternoon.Make sure someone is at home.
is fed
was discussed
is being solved
are being painted
will be put on
was received
was designed
were sent out
must/should be written
will be delivered
31．The bike____________(steal) last night.l have to buy a new one.
32．The fence_________________(mend) right now. lt will be stronger.
33．The radio_________________(turn off) when l left the room.
34．The table__________(set) for dinner. The plates and cutlery look nice.
35．The fire__________(put out) quickly by the firefighters. They are very brave.
36．The movie__________ (show) in the cinema last week. lt was very popular.
37．The clothes____________(wash) by my mother. She is always busy with housework.
38．The car______________(repair) at the moment. l hope it can be fixed soon.
39．The book________________(publish) next year. The author is very excited.
40．The test_____________(conduct)in a quiet environment. it ensures fairness.
was stolen
is being mended
was turned off
is set
is /was put out
was showed
are washed
is being repaired
will be published
is conducted
2、把下列句子改为被动语态
1. Parents should allow the students to choose their clothes.
__________________________________________________________
2.A ten-year-old pupil invented this robot.
__________________________________________________________
3.Where did they grow vegetables
__________________________________________________________
4.I bought the bike last year.
__________________________________________________________
5.They gave the children many good books.
__________________________________________________________
The students should be allowed to choose their clothes (by parents).
This robot was invited by a ten-year-old pupil.
Where were vegetables grown (by them)
The bike was bought (by me )last year.
The children were given many books（by them)./ Many books were given to the children (by them).
三．同义句转换
1. My aunt invited me to her dinner party.
__________________________to her dinner party.
2.We always keep the classroom clean
The classroom _____________always ____________clean.
3.My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
_____________________a present by my uncle on my birthday
4. She turned down his request.
His request_______________________________________.
5.We saw them play football just now.
________________________to play football just now
6. What does your mother often tell you to do
What ______you often __________to do by your mother
I was invited by my aunt
is
kept
I was given
was turned down by her
They were seen
are
told
四．翻译句子（被动语态翻译）。
1.青少年应该多与他们的父母沟通交流并被允许自己做决定。
______________________________________________________________________
2.袁隆平被誉为“杂交水稻(hybrid rice)之父”。
______________________________________________________________________
3.许多房子在地震中被毁坏了。
______________________________________________________________________
4.今年年初，我们学校成立了一个新的社团。
______________________________________________________________________5.爸爸煮的面条被我吃光了。
______________________________________________________________________
Teenagers should communicate more with their parents and be allowed to make their own decisions.
Yuan Longping is named/honoured/known as the “father of hybrid rice”.
Many houses were damaged in the earthquake.
A new club was set up in our school at the beginning of this year.
The noodles cooked by my father were eaten up by me.

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