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Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.The emergency broke out last night， causing more than ten d　　　　　　.
2.My parents often c　　　　　　 me with some inspiring words.
3.He is a learned person and we all a　　　　　　 him very much.
4.Sadly， all his efforts ended in f　　　　　　.
5.The waiting room is c　　　　　　 with passengers waiting for the bus to come.
6.I’ve promised to keep him 　　　　　　（陪伴） when his parents are out.
7.Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief.The thief tries to 　　　　　　（逃跑）.
8.We 　　　　　　（寻找） an answer to the question， but couldn’t find one.
9.To our surprise， there was an 　　　　　　（尴尬的） silence after his speech.
10.After the accident， the police carried out a 　　　　（彻底的） investigation.
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.Usually a child’s behaviour is a 　　　　　　（reflect） of his family environment.
2.Lie down on your bed and make yourself 　　　　　　（comfort）.
3.The engineer has done something 　　　　　　（admire） in this field.
4.Even a great inventor makes many experiments that end in 　　　　　　（fail）.
5.The new regulations will be 　　　　　　（benefit） to everyone concerned.
6.The prize is a 　　　　　　（recognize） for your selfless contribution.
7.The storm is thought to be responsible for as many as four 　　　　　　（dead）.
8.Suddenly it got more 　　　　　　（crowd） around us and I noticed a man was following us.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.我发现和我弟弟玩挺有趣的。（it作形式宾语）
I 　　　　　　　　　to play with my younger brother.
2.只有当我们再次研究这些数据的时候，我们才意识到出了错。（倒装句）
Only when we had studied the data again 　　　　　　　　　　there was a mistake.
3.有些昆虫为了保护自己，会呈现出周围环境的颜色。（take on）
Some insects 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to protect themselves.
4.这幅图片意在鼓励人们读更多的书。（be meant to do sth）
The picture 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　more books.
5.她和她妈妈一样是位受学生尊敬的好老师。（as ...as ...）
She is 　　　　　　　　　　her mother respected by students.
6.它是一个拥有2000多年悠久历史的城市。（that引导的定语从句）
It is a city 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　When we walk the “path of life”， sometimes friendship can help us 1.　　　　　　 （smooth） out the rocky road that we 2.　　　　　　 （mean） to travel.Generally speaking， close friendships have three main 3.　　　　　　 （benefit）.The first is 4.　　　　　　 they can comfort the heart， because the peace comes from friends 5.　　　　 we share with our joy， sadness， success and failure.The second is that they can advise 6.　　　　　　 head because we may have better understanding and judgement 7.　　　　　　 （achieve） through conversations with well-meaning friends.The third is that they can help us achieve the goals 8.　　　　　　 many different ways.Finally， if we want to 9.　　　　　　 （well） walk the “path of life” with the comfort， advice and help from our 10.　　　　　　 （trust） friends， we should choose friends and develop relationships carefully.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　In the second year of my high school， I went abroad to continue my education.Shortly after I moved in with my host family， an Italian girl moved in too.Since the house had limited space， we roomed together.My negative outlook on roommates started from that moment.My roommate liked to invite friends over and hold parties， but I preferred staying in my room and enjoying myself.Then conflicts started to appear.
After that experience， I told myself that I never wanted a roommate again.Unfortunately， life quickly challenged me when I went to college.It required all first-year students to live on campus， which meant I had to live with someone I didn’t know.From that point on， I began worrying.
I met my future roommate Yizhou for the very first time on 23 August. When I talked to her， I tried my best to smile and nod in order to hide my nervousness.We attended the same class and afterwards she invited me to have lunch.I completely freaked out.I told myself that I should step out of my comfort zone and try to talk to my new roommate， even though I could clearly hear my heart beating through my chest.I considered it for a long time， and finally， I accepted her invitation.
After we lived together for a few weeks， I got to know Yizhou already owned a small business selling clothes， while I kept struggling to set goals.One night， she asked me what I wanted to do for my career.I looked into her eyes for a long time， and then said， “I don’t know.” “Don’t worry！ We will work together and I’ll help you find what you are passionate about，” she said in a gentle voice.Under her influence， I found my interest and knew what I wanted to be after graduation.And because of her， I felt having a roommate could be so amazing.
1.Why did the author feel bad while living with her host family？
A.She hardly made new friends.
B.She disliked sharing a room with another person.
C.She was annoyed by her roommate’s lifestyle.
D.She had trouble communicating with foreigners.
2.What was the first challenge the author met in college？
A.Dealing with cultural differences.
B.Sharing a room with a stranger.
C.Making plans for her future career.
D.Communicating with her new classmates.
3.What do the underlined words “freaked out” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A.Felt excited. B.Felt confused.
C.Became interested. D.Got frightened.
4.Which of the following can best describe Yizhou？
A.Inspiring and helpful.
B.Brave and selfless.
C.Creative and outgoing.
D.Serious and honest.
B
　　As Aristotle said， “No one would choose to live without friends， even if he had all other goods.” But have you ever made friends online？ What exactly is an online friend？ What’s the difference between an online friendship and an offline one？
A person you know only through the Internet （which includes social networking sites like Facebook， Instagram and Pinterest） or email and will seldom， if ever， meet is considered an online friend.Online friendships can develop in places like forums （论坛）， gaming sites， blogs， online groups or even from websites that help you meet friends.
An online friendship begins when two people bond with each other， just like an offline relationship.They may share photos， email each other， or chat on the phone finally.The friendship can become a source of support and provide emotional benefits even though the friends will never meet in real life.
Online friendships can be valuable during times when you lack friends or have just moved to a new city or country.But in order for a friendship to be truly real， you need to communicate face to face.That isn’t to say that an online friendship can’t hold a special place in your heart or give you the kind of acceptance and support your desire.What it means is that this type of friendship will be very different.In an online friendship， people can hide their true personality.You’ll never see them lose their temper or show you how they act when they’re tired or hungry.They have the choice to always show their best selves， always say the right thing and even avoid upsetting you with subjects they bring up during small talk or a deeper conversation.
An online friendship can feel very real.However， since you can hide behind the computer， it isn’t exactly the same as when you have friends you can meet in person.
5.Why does the author raise the questions in Paragraph 1？
A.To express his great doubt.
B.To introduce the topic for discussion.
C.To show the importance of online friends.
D.To get readers to care about the Internet.
6.What does Paragraph 2 tell us？
A.What an online friend is.
B.Different ways of making friends.
C.Different kinds of social networks.
D.How to make friends on the Internet.
7.What does the underlined word “bond” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A.Fight. B.Compare.
C.Contact. D.Love.
8.How does an online friendship differ from a real-life friendship？
A.It can’t become a source of support.
B.It takes more time and effort to keep.
C.It lacks communication with great depth.
D.It can’t tell what a person is really like.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
BE A GOOD TOURIST
　　Tourism can be both good and bad.Yes， it brings in money for the local economy and creates lots of jobs for locals.　9　
One growing problem is tourists who want to prove that they have visited a destination.They have used paint， rocks， or even keys to write on the Luxor Temple in Egypt， the Colosseum in Rome， Stonehenge in the UK， and many， many other places.　10　 I have three words for people like this： please stop it.If you want to leave a mark on the world， do it by changing someone’s life with kindness and love.
　11　 Some tourists wander around and take pictures of local people without asking for their permission.For example， Chiang Mai University in Thailand and Yonsei University in South Korea have great numbers of tourists visiting their campuses and walking through their libraries and other public areas， taking pictures of students， and disturbing their studies.Another example is Sanlitun， a famous neighbourhood in Beijing， China.　12　 I have three words for tourists like this： please be considerate.Have fun in a way that does not disturb others.
The number of problems from tourists is endless： Walking in large groups without considering others who need to walk by， crossing roads without thinking of local traffic laws， and many more.The only way to solve those problems is to make sure that you are not one of those terrible tourists！ 　13　 Remember， whenever you step out of your country， you are representing your country to the rest of the world.
A.Pass kindness along to future generations.
B.However， it may also bring some problems.
C.Thousands of tourist sites are being destroyed.
D.Be the best， kindest， most polite tourist possible.
E.People are attracted to the amazing food there and enjoy shopping at the local markets.
F.Some tourists love to party there late into the night， making it difficult for locals to sleep.
G.Another big headache in some places has been tourists disturbing the local people and life.
9.　　 　 　　　10.　　　　　　11.　　　　
12.　　　 13.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Life is full of uncertainties， and every activity we do carries some level of 　14　.Some activities， like snowboarding， often have a higher possibility of injury.Ian Steger 　15　 this first-hand when he had a serious snowboarding accident， but he was so 　16　 that Francis Zuber passed by.
In March， Ian and a group of friends went on a snowboarding trip in Washington State.During their 　17　， things took a dangerous turn.While moving through the trees， Ian fell backward and crashed into one， finding himself 　18　 in a deep hole of snow.
Ian explained the 　19　， “When we entered the trees， they were so 　20　 together that we each had to find our own paths.Unluckily， the path I 　21　 led me straight into a big tree well.” Fearing the worst， Ian thought he was facing his 　22　 moments.However， Francis Zuber， a skier， happened to pass by.
Francis saw a flash of red in the corner of his eye.He 　23　 a snowboard sticking out from the snow， which was 　24　 considering how far they were from any populated areas.Worried， Francis called out to Ian but didn’t receive any 　25　.
Without hesitation， Francis began to dig hard to save Ian from the snowy trap.In the end， he 　26　 it.Feeling extremely 　27　， Ian hugged Francis， telling him， “I’m so glad you 　28　 my life today.”
14.A.interest　　　　B.risk
C.boredom D.success
15.A.discovered B.described
C.mentioned D.guessed
16.A.proud B.nervous
C.sure D.lucky
17.A.visit B.adventure
C.training D.discussion
18.A.beaten B.hidden
C.trapped D.tested
19.A.situation B.method
C.difference D.invitation
20.A.close B.safe
C.unique D.high
21.A.advised B.cleared
C.chose D.saw
22.A.quiet B.final
C.right D.long
23.A.heard B.imagined
C.kept D.noticed
24.A.funny B.true
C.unusual D.impossible
25.A.report B.warning
C.promise D.answer
26.A.made B.got
C.put D.meant
27.A.tired B.thankful
C.curious D.satisfied
28.A.calmed B.touched
C.spared D.saved
Ⅳ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　If you are walking across the campus， you can be embarrassed with every pair of eyes on you， especially when you’re 13 years old.I looked around to find a friendly face or a smile， but got nothing.I was quite disappointed.And I， in turn， felt a little foolish， walking across the campus with a false smile on my face.I was simply hoping to follow the advice that my mother had given me years before： When things get awkward， smile.No matter where you are， a smile will always be understood.At that very moment， however， I felt my mother’s advice didn’t work.
Just at that time， I was asking myself questions and concerns of any 13-year-old on the first day of school： Where would I sit at lunch？ Who would I talk to？ Not to mention， how would I make friends when I didn’t even speak the language？ My heart was beating fast， and I felt nervous.Still， I did my best to be calm so as not to let others know just how scared I truly was.
When the teacher introduced me to the class as the “American girl”， 10 sets of hands immediately shot up.Some students had questions， while others wanted to practise their English with me.Because I didn’t speak much Chinese then， I talked with the other students through body language mixed with English and broken Chinese.However， I was not sure how much of it was positive.It was almost as if they weren’t sure what to make of me and I was being examined.Then again， who could blame them？ After all， I was the first American ever to attend the school.So， we were all first-timers.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　Then came the first class — Chinese painting.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　As I burnt with great embarrassment， Li Hua， who was next to me， gave me a warm smile.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project &
Assessment
基础知识自测
维度一
1.deaths　2.comfort　3.admire　4.failure　5.crowded
6.company　7.escape　8.sought　9.awkward　10.thorough
维度二
1.reflection　2.comfortable　3.admirable　4.failure
5.beneficial　6.recognition　7.deaths　8.crowded
维度三
1.find it interesting
2.did we realize that
3.take on the colour of their surroundings
4.is meant to encourage people to read
5.as good a teacher as
6.that has a history of more than 2，000 years
维度四
1.（to） smooth　2.are meant　3.benefits　4.that
5.whom/that　6.the　7.achieved　8.in　9.better　10.trusted
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者不喜欢和别人一起住，后来上大学时按照学校要求作者不得不和别人一起住，作者起初很紧张，后来在室友的帮助下作者认为有个室友很棒。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，作者和寄宿家庭住在一起时感觉不舒服是因为她对室友的生活方式感到恼怒。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的It required all first-year students to live on campus， which meant I had to live with someone I didn’t know.可知，作者在大学里遇到的第一个挑战是和陌生人同住一间房。
3.D　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的I told myself that I should step out of my comfort zone and try to talk to my new roommate， even though I could clearly hear my heart beating through my chest.可知，作者对室友的邀请感到害怕。由此推知，freaked out意为“害怕”，和got frightened意思相近。
4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Yizhou说的话和最后两句可推知，Yizhou鼓励了作者，且帮助了作者，因此可以用inspiring和helpful来描述Yizhou。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网友的定义、网络友情的意义及存在的问题等。
5.B　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，第一段先引用亚里士多德的话来说明友谊的重要性，并提出了一些问题，接下来的段落介绍了网友的定义及意义等。由此可推知，作者在第一段提出这些问题是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。
6.A　段落大意题。根据第二段中的A person you know only through the Internet ...meet is considered an online friend.可知，本段告诉了我们网友的定义。
7.C　词义猜测题。画线单词后一句是对上一句的解释说明，解释了具体的交流方式。由此可推知，画线词所在的句子意为“网上友谊始于两个人彼此建立联系，就像线下关系一样”，bond意为“建立互信关系”，与contact（联系）意思最接近。
8.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后三句可推知，网络友谊有别于真实生活中的友谊，因为网络友谊具有片面性和欺骗性，不能完全展示对方的真实面目。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。旅游业在带动当地经济发展的同时也会产生诸多问题。文章建议我们在旅游时尽可能做最好、最友善、最懂礼貌的游客。
9.B　该句在首段段尾，承上启下，与上文形成转折，并总领引出下文，指出旅游也会带来一些问题。
10.C　该句在段中，点明游客在景区随意刻画的不良后果，即造成众多的景点和古迹被毁坏。
11.G　该句在段首，是本段的主题句，概括下文，并与第二段首句相呼应，说明另一个因旅游带来的大问题是它打扰了当地人和人们的生活。
12.F　该句在段中，是对空前一句举例的补充，具体说明游客的行为如何给当地人造成困扰：来三里屯游玩的游客喜欢开派对直至深夜，使得当地居民很难入眠。F项中的there指代上文的Sanlitun。
13.D　该句在段中，是对空前一句的补充说明，说明解决问题的方法就是要尽可能做最好、最友善、最懂礼貌的游客。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了被困在雪洞中的单板滑雪爱好者Ian Steger被路过的滑雪者Francis Zuber营救的故事。
14.B　根据下文中的Some activities， like snowboarding， often have a higher possibility of injury.可知，一些活动，如单板滑雪，受伤的可能性通常更高。由此推断，每种活动都有一定程度的风险。
15.A　空后的this指代上一句内容。Ian在发生严重的滑雪事故时，他亲身体会到了这一点。discover认识到；first-hand第一手地，直接地。
16.D　根据空后的Francis Zuber passed by和下文中Francis营救Ian的情节可知，在Ian发生事故后，Francis正好路过，然后救了他，这说明Ian很幸运。
17.B　根据上文中的Ian and a group of friends went on a snowboarding trip和第四段中的considering how far they were from any populated areas可知，Ian和一群朋友去滑雪，滑雪的地方离人口密集区很远。由此推断，他们进行的是冒险旅行。
18.C　根据最后一段中的Francis began to dig hard to save Ian from the snowy trap可知，Francis把Ian从雪洞里救出来。由此推断，Ian向后摔倒，撞到了一棵树上，发现自己被困在一个很深的雪洞里。
19.A　空后引号中的内容介绍了Ian当时进入树林后陷入雪洞的原因，本空是对这部分内容的概括，故选situation。
20.A　根据Ian的解释可知，在他们进入树林后，每个人不得不找自己的路。由此推断，树木离得太近，他们滑雪时不得不分散开，然而不幸的是，Ian所选的路直接把他带到一个大树坑里。
21.C　参见上题解析。
22.B　根据空前的Fearing the worst可知，Ian被困在了树坑中，里面全是雪，他担心最坏的情况发生。由此推断，他以为自己即将面临生命的最后时刻。
23.D　Francis先是瞟见一个红色的东西，空后的a snowboard sticking out from the snow是Francis之后留心注意到的情况。
24.C　空前的which指代a snowboard sticking out from the snow，再根据空后的considering how far they were from any populated areas可知，在这么偏僻的地方看到从雪地里突出来的滑雪板是很不寻常的。
25.D　根据空前的Francis called out to Ian but didn’t receive可知，Francis向Ian喊话，但没得到回应。
26.A　根据本段中的Francis began to dig hard to save Ian from the snowy trap.和Ian hugged Francis可知，Francis奋力挖雪试图从雪洞中把Ian救出来，最后他成功了，Ian最终获救了。make it成功；get it明白了；put it表达；mean it认真对待（所说或所写的东西）。
27.B　根据上文中Francis救Ian的情节和Ian hugged Francis可知，获救的Ian对Francis非常感激，他很高兴Francis救了他。
28.D　参见上题解析。
Ⅳ.
　　Then came the first class — Chinese painting.The teacher showed us how to use a brush to paint bamboo on a piece of rice paper.Then all the other students began to paint.But it was quite difficult for me.How could I hold the soft brush and make it go as I wished？ Hesitating for a while， I tried dipping the brush into the inkstone.When I took it out， drops of black ink fell on the paper.There was no bamboo， but big black dots！
As I burnt with great embarrassment， Li Hua， who was next to me， gave me a warm smile.I smiled back awkwardly.He came up to me and demonstrated how to use the brush.He moved the brush across the paper， and lifelike bamboo appeared！ With his help， I finally completed the painting， although it was such an ugly one.After that， we became good friends.He taught me Chinese while I taught him English.We both made great progress in our studies.Yes， my mother was right.A smile did make a difference.
7 / 7Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
Of Friendship
　　[1]As we walk the “path of life”， we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts， for quiet periods of reflection① can lead to personal improvement. However， when we seek② to be alone， we must be careful that we do not always escape③ into our own world.Social life is also important to us.[2]More often than not④， close friendships will help smooth out⑤ the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to⑥ travel.
　　[1]句中有两个状语从句：主句前As引导时间状语从句，主句后for引导原因状语从句。
　　[2]副词短语More often than not在句中作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词road，that在从句中作travel的宾语。
　　[3]As we live in social groups， there are many benefits⑦ of friendship that we can enjoy. Generally speaking， close friendships have three “fruits”： they may comfort⑧ the heart， advise the head and help us achieve the goals⑨ we set for ourselves.Through friendship， we can become happier， wiser and more satisfied humans.
　　[4]The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy， sadness， success and failure⑩. Here， friendship has a double advantage — happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved！ Naturally， this kind of openness results from a close friendship.With true friends， we feel free to share our joy and sadness in full measure .We know that our friends will both respect our feelings and treasure these moments of closeness.Indeed， the human heart depends on such opportunities for comfort and protection.
　　[3]句中As引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词benefits of friendship。
　　[4]主句是“主系表”结构；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the peace，并且在从句中作主语。
　　The second fruit of friendship is the better understanding and judgement that may be achieved through conversations with well-meaning and wise friends.[5]We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own. As a result， if we are guided only by our own feelings， our judgements might be one-sided .On the other hand， our friends are better able to offer advice on important decisions that we all have to make.Also， when we want to talk our problems over with a friend， we have to put our thoughts into words first.This alone helps make our thoughts clearer and brings us a more thorough understanding of our problems.
　　The third fruit of friendship is the help that a friend may offer in many different ways.Sometimes a friend is even known as our “second self ”.There are so many things in life that can only be achieved with the help of friends.Friends may have many different ideas and skills.[6]They can help us achieve what we want during life and， perhaps， even after death .
　　[5]本句结构是“主语＋find＋it＋宾语补语＋to do ...”， it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语。
　　[6]本句结构是“主语（They）＋谓语（can help）＋宾语（us）＋宾语补语（achieve what ...）”， what引导宾语从句。
　　[7]Finally， it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends.[8]Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully developed. In this way， we can better walk the “path of life” with the comfort， advice and help from our trusted friends.
　　[7] it作形式主语， that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。在从句中，动词-ing短语enjoying the company of a crowd作主语。
　　[8]本句为并列句的省略现象，and连接的两个分句结构相同，谓语部分都有should be， 那么可以省略第二个分句中relationships之后的should be。
　　（Adapted from “Of Friendship”， an essay written by Francis Bacon， a great English writer， scientist and philosopher）
【读文清障】
①reflection n.沉思；反射；映像；反映
quiet periods of reflection静思
reflect v.反思；反映；反射
②seek vi.试图；寻找；争取 vt.寻求；寻找
seek to do sth 试图做某事
③escape vi.& vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n.逃离，逃脱
escape into 逃进，躲进
escape from 逃离
④more often than not 通常，往往，一贯
⑤smooth out 消除（问题），克服（困难）
⑥be meant to do sth 注定要做某事，应做某事
⑦benefit n.优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于
benefit from 从……中获益
⑧comfort vt.宽慰，抚慰 n.舒服；安慰
comfort the heart 抚慰心灵
⑨achieve the goals 实现目标
set a goal 设定目标
⑩failure n.失败；失败的人（或事）；未履行；故障
have a double advantage 有双重优势
result from 由……引起
result in 导致
in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地
to one’s measure 照着某人的尺寸
well-meaning adj.出于好心的，善意的
well-meaning and wise friends 善意而明智的朋友
recognize vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出
one-sided adj.片面的
put one’s thoughts into words
用语言表达自己的思想
thorough adj.彻底的，全面的；仔细的
a more thorough understanding of 比较透彻理解……
with the help of 借助于……
death n.死，死亡；死亡状态
die vi.死
point out 指出
company n.陪伴，作伴；公司
enjoy the company of 享受……陪伴
crowd n.一伙人，一帮人；人群
vt.挤满，使拥挤 vi.聚焦；挤，涌
a crowd of/crowds of一群/成群的
crowd into大批涌入……
enjoy the company of a crowd
享受一群人的陪伴
crowded adj.拥挤的
the same as 和……一样
as/as ...as 和……一样
such as 诸如；像，例如
walk the “path of life”走好“人生之路”
【参考译文】
论友谊
　　走在人生的道路上，有时我们可能希望独自思考，因为静思可以实现自我的完善。然而，当我们试图独处的时候，我们必须小心，不要总是逃避到自己的世界里去。社交生活对我们同样重要。通常，亲密的友情帮助我们踏平时而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路。
因为我们置身于社会群体中，我们可以享受到友谊的诸多益处。总体而言，亲密友谊的“硕果”有三：抚慰心灵，启迪思维，帮我们实现既定目标。通过友谊，我们可以变成更幸福、更睿智、更满足的人。
　　友谊的第一个硕果来自和友人分享我们的喜悲成败所带来的平和心境。在这里，友谊有双重优势——幸福有更大的意义，分担的烦恼减半！当然，这种开诚布公源于亲密无间的友谊。与真正的朋友，我们可以毫无顾忌、毫无保留地分享我们的欢乐和悲伤。我们知道，好友既会尊重我们的情感，也会珍视这些亲密的时光。实际上，人的内心离不开这些机会来获取慰藉和庇护。
　　友谊的第二个硕果是通过与善意和明智的朋友交谈可以获得更好的理解力和判断力。我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。因此，如果我们纯粹被自己的感情所支配，我们的判断就可能是片面的。另一方面，在我们必须做出的重大决定上，朋友往往能给出更好的建议。此外，想和朋友聊聊自己的问题时，我们首先得把自己的想法付诸语言。单是这点，就能让我们更好地厘清思路，并对自身的问题有更透彻的认识。
友谊的第三个硕果是朋友以各种不同的方式可以为我们提供的帮助。有时，朋友甚至被誉为我们的“第二个自己”。生活中有太多事，只有在朋友的帮助下才能成功。朋友也许拥有诸多不同的想法和技能。他们能帮助我们在生前，甚至是在我们故去之后，获得我们想要之物。
最后，应该指出，与一群人在一起和与朋友在一起，不是一回事。选择朋友须谨慎，经营友情须用心。如此，我们才能在挚友的抚慰、建议和帮助下，更好地走好“人生之路”。
（改写自英国伟大的作家、科学家和哲学家弗朗西斯·培根的随笔《论友谊》）
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.Why may we sometimes wish to be alone while walking the “path of life”？
A.Because we want to escape into our own world.
B.Because social life is also important to us.
C.Because quiet thinking can lead to individual progress.
D.Because we are all meant to travel rocky road.
2.What benefits can we get from our friends？
A.Comfort and protection.
B.Some good advice.
C.Understanding and judgement.
D.All of the above.
3.Where does the first “fruit” of friendship come from？
A.One who has joy， sadness， success and failure.
B.A friend respecting our feelings.
C.A person who is free from failure.
D.An individual with whom we can share our joy， sadness， success and failure.
4.The words “This alone” in Paragraph 4 mean “　　　　”.
A.finding weakness of our own first
B.putting our thoughts into words before we talking
C.offering advice on important decisions to others
D.achieving what we want to achieve
5.What can we learn from the last paragraph？
A.A carefully chosen friend will bring us advantages.
B.People can succeed as soon as he has friends.
C.Individuals can choose friends carelessly.
D.We ought to enjoy the company of a crowd.
6.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？
CP：Central Point　　　　P：Point
Sp：Sub-point （次要点） C：Conclusion
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）形容词的比较等级：单音节和双音节形容词一般加后缀-er 构成形容词的比较级，多音节和部分双音节形容词一般在其前加more构成形容词的比较级，请从课文中找出来。
①adj.＋-er：　　　　　　
②more＋adj.：　　　　　　
（2）抽象名词具体化
①failure：失败→失败的人或事
②success：成功→成功的人或事
③delight：高兴→令人高兴的事
④pleasure：乐趣→令人高兴的事
⑤attraction：吸引→有吸引力的人或事物
⑥beauty：美；美丽→美丽的人或事物
⑦danger：危险→危险的人或因素
⑧shock：震惊→令人震惊的事情
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
精彩衔接：文中第四段使用了短语on the other hand“另一方面”，使文章表达更有条理、有序、舒畅自然。此短语常与on the one hand“一方面”连用，用来表述事物的不同方面。on the other hand单独出现时，上下文中常有as a result、 therefore、 also等词，让上下文浑然一体。
（1）请朗读欣赏课文精彩语段，学习其用法，并翻译成汉语。
原句：We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.As a result，if we are guided only by our own feelings， our judgements might be one-sided.On the other hand，our friends are better able to offer advice on important decisions that we all have to make.Also，when we want to talk our problems over with a friend， we have to put our thoughts into words first.
翻译：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（2）运用适当的过渡词，完成下面语段。
My suggestions are as follows.　　　　　　　　　　， it is a good idea to read loudly.　　　　　　　　， watching more English movies is also very useful.
第四步：析难句，清阅读障碍
1.We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Finally， it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：拓视野，育思维品质
1.Why do we have to put our thoughts into words？ （Critical Thinking 批判性思维）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.How should friends be carefully chosen and relationships carefully developed？ （Creative Thinking 创造性思维）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
reflection n.沉思；反射；映像；反映
【教材原句】　As we walk the “path of life”， we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts， for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement.
走在人生的道路上，有时我们可能希望独自思考，因为静思可以实现自我的完善。
【用法】
（1）on reflection　　　仔细想来，经过慎重考虑
without reflection 不假思索地
（2）reflect vi. 思考
vt. 反映；显示；反射
reflect ...in ... 在……中映出……的影像
be reflected in 倒映在；反映在
reflect on/upon 认真思考/反省
【佳句】　Your clothes are often a reflection of your personality.
穿着常常反映出一个人的个性。
【助记】　reflection一词多义
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Usually a child’s behaviour is a 　　　　　（reflect） of his family relationship and growth environment.
②“I reflect 　　　　　　how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said.
【写美】　句式升级
③There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon which is reflected in the picture.
→There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（分词作定语）
④The man was lying on the grass and reflected on what happened that day.
→The man was lying on the grass， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（分词作状语）
escape vi.& vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n.逃离，逃脱
【教材原句】　However， when we seek to be alone， we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world.
然而，当我们试图独处的时候，我们必须小心，不要总是逃避到自己的世界里去。
【用法】
（1）escape （doing） sth 逃避（做）某事
escape from 从……逃脱；逃避
escape one’s attention/notice
逃过某人的注意
（2）fire escape　　　 太平梯；安全梯；安全出口
have a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生
【佳句】　I’ve met him before， but his name escapes me.
我以前见过他，但想不起他的名字了。
【用准】　escape意为“被……遗忘；没有被……注意到”时，用sth escape sb结构，而不用sb escape sth结构。
【练透】　单句语法填空/语境辨义
①Fortunately，he escaped 　　　　　　the burning house without being injured.
②It is said that he narrowly escaped 　　　　　　　　（kill） in the traffic accident the other day.
③Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment. 　　　　　　　
【写美】　完成句子
④Last year I 　　　　　　　　　　　， and I don’t want to risk my life a second time.
去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。
benefit n.优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于
【教材原句】　As we live in social groups， there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.
因为我们置身于社会群体中，我们可以享受到友谊的诸多益处。
【用法】
（1）benefit from/by ...从……中受益；得益于……
（2）for the benefit of 为了……的利益
to sb’s benefit＝to the benefit of sb 对某人有益
（3）beneficial adj. 有利的，有裨益的，有用的
be （very） beneficial to ...＝be of （great/much） benefit to ...
对……（很）有益；（很）有益于（to为介词）
【佳句】　This New English-Chinese Dictionary will be of benefit to your English learning.
这本《新英汉词典》将会对你的英语学习有好处。
【练透】　完成句子
①The money will be used 　　　　　　　　the poor.
这些钱将用于帮助穷人。
②It is said that the company has 　　　　　　　　　the new policy.
据说这家公司从这个新政策中获益许多。
【写美】　句型转换
③It is said that yoga is very beneficial to human health.
→It is said that yoga is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
failure n.失败；失败的人（或事）；未履行；故障
【教材原句】　The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy， sadness， success and failure.友谊的第一个硕果来自和友人分享我们的喜悲成败所带来的平和心境。
【用法】
（1）a failure　　 一个失败的人；一件失败的事
（2）fail v. 失败；不及格
fail to do sth 没做成某事
fail （in） sth 失败，没有通过
【佳句】　He was a failure as an actor， but he was a great success as a father.
作为演员他是个失败者，但作为父亲他非常成功。
【用准】　抽象名词一般是不可数的。但个别抽象名词用来表示可数的人或物，被称作抽象名词具体化，此时词义将发生变化。failure 作可数名词，意为“失败者，失败的事”；作不可数名词，意为“失败”。类似的词还有success、 surprise、 honour、 difficulty等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①After many 　　　　　　（fail）， he finally set up his own company.
②To my regret， I failed 　　　　　　my attempt to persuade her into giving up the idea of going on a trip by herself.
【写美】　完成句子
③He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　through carelessness.
由于粗心，他考试不及格。
④As a proverb goes，“　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.” Work hard， and you will make progress.
正如一句谚语说的那样，“失败是成功之母。”努力，你就会取得进步。
recognize vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出
【教材原句】　We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.
我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。
【用法】
（1）recognize one’s voice　辨别出某人的声音
recognize sb/sth by/from ... 根据……认出某人/某物
be recognized to be/as ... 被认为是……
It is recognized that ... 人们公认……
（2）recognition n. 承认；认出
beyond recognition 认不出来
【佳句】　We hadn’t met for 20 years， but I recognized her the instant I saw her.
我们20年没见面了，可我一见到她就认出了她。
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The film is recognized 　　　　　　a great success.
②The moment I answered the phone， 　　　　　　　　　　.
我一接电话，就听出了他的声音。
【写美】　句型转换
③It is recognized that traffic jam has become one serious problem to citizens.
→Traffic jam 　　　　　　　　　　　　　one serious problem to citizens.
company n.陪伴，作伴；公司
【教材原句】　Finally， it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends.最后，应该指出，与一群人在一起和与朋友在一起，不是一回事。
【用法】
（1）keep sb company （to sp）
　　 　　　　　　陪伴某人（去某地）
for company 作伴，陪伴
in company with ... 与……一起；与……同时
（2）run/join a company 经营/加入一个公司
set up/start a company 开办公司
（3）accompany vt. 伴随，陪同；为……伴奏
accompany sb to sp 陪伴某人去某地
be accompanied by ... 伴随……；由……陪同
【佳句】　Even when walking in the company of two other men， I am bound to learn from them.
三人行，必有我师焉。
【用准】　“陪伴某人做某事”不能表达成accompany sb to do sth， 而应表达成do sth in the company of sb。
【练透】　完成句子
①When she was single， her mother would 　　　　　　　　　　.
当她单身时，她的妈妈常常陪伴着她。
②Jane is willing to 　　　　　　　　　　　the park for a walk.
简愿意陪你去公园散步。
③　　　　　　　　　　， we began to dance.
伴随着欢乐的乐曲，我们开始跳起舞来。
【写美】　一句多译
④我生病时，我的朋友来陪我去医院。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（accompany）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（company）
crowd n.一伙人，一帮人；人群 vt.挤满，使拥挤 vi.聚集；挤，涌
【用法】
（1）crowd in （on sb）/into sth
（想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海
crowd into ...　　　　大批涌入……
crowd into one’s mind 涌上某人的心头
（2）the crowd 人群，观众，群众
a crowd of/crowds of 一群/成群的
follow the crowd＝go with the crowd 随大流
（3）crowded adj.　　　拥挤的
be crowded with ... 挤满……，满是……
【佳句】　The crowd was cheering him on all through the race.
整个比赛过程中观众都在为他加油。
【用准】　the crowd为集体名词，作主语表示一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；表示组成集体的成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Once I stop， it all comes crowding 　　　　and I remember the chimps in laboratories.
②The electric car show 　　　　　　（crowd） with people， which showed the popularity of the electric cars.
③We all crowded 　　　　　　her office to sing “Happy Birthday”.
【写美】　翻译句子
④当救护车赶到时，围观的人已经很多了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
⑤通常，公交车上太拥挤了，以至于我找不到坐的地方。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：as引导原因状语从句
【教材原句】　As we live in social groups， there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.
因为我们置身于社会群体中，我们可以享受到友谊的诸多益处。
【用法】
（1）本句中As we live in social groups为as引导的原因状语从句， as在此表示“因为，由于”。
（2）as作从属连词的其他用法总结：
①引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候；随着……；一边……一边……”；
②引导方式状语从句，表示“按照，如，像”；
③引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，从句使用部分倒装，即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于as前面；单数可数名词提前时应省掉冠词；
④引导比较状语从句，表示“像……一样地”。
【品悟】　You’d better do as the teacher has told you.你最好按照老师告诉你的做。
As the teacher was satisfied with what we had done， she began to smile.
因为老师对我们所做的感到满意，所以她露出了会心的笑容。
【写美】　句式升级/完成句子
①Although they were tired， they stayed up preparing the report.
→　　　　　　　　　， they stayed up preparing the report. （as）
②With time going by， we saw less and less of each other.
→　　　　　　　　　， we saw less and less of each other. （as）
③　　　　　　　　　　， we slept deeply because we were so tired.
尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是睡得很沉，因为我们太累了。
④　　　　　　　， he was shaking his head， which surely slowed down his reading speed.
他边读边摇头，这当然降低了他的阅读速度。
句型公式：主语＋及物动词＋it＋宾语补语＋真正的宾语
【教材原句】　We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.
我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。
【用法】
（1）常用于以上句式结构的动词有make、 feel、 think、 find、 consider等。
（2）宾语补语可以是形容词、名词；真正的宾语可以是动词不定式短语、动词-ing短语或从句。
【品悟】　Foreigners find it difficult to learn Chinese.外国人觉得汉语很难学。
We should all make it clear that success comes from diligence.
我们都应该明白成功源于勤奋。
【写美】　完成句子
①The boy 　　　　　　　　　　　　　his hobbies and his schoolwork.
这个男孩发现很难平衡他的爱好和他的功课。
②Scientists have 　　　　　　　　　　human beings to travel in space.
科学家们已经使人类漫游太空成为可能。
③I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　you should apologize to her at once.
我认为你必须立刻向她道歉。
Part Ⅲ　中频词汇特训
seek vi.试图；寻找；争取 vt.寻求；寻找
【教材原句】　However， when we seek to be alone， we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world.
然而，当我们试图独处的时候，我们必须小心，不要总是逃避到自己的世界里去。
【用法】
seek （for） sth/sb from ... 从……寻找某物/某人
seek for/after　　　　　追求；追寻
seek to do sth 试图做某事
seek one’s fortune 找出路；碰运气
【佳句】　The penniless man had no choice but to go abroad to seek his fortune.
这个身无分文的人别无选择只能出国寻找发财的机会。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①If you have any questions， you can seek help 　　　　　　your teammates.
②The shopkeeper is trying to seek 　　　　　　　　a better way to win his customers back， perhaps with a discount.
③Many people in their lifetime avoid or do not even seek 　　　　　　（find） the answer to that question.
take on呈现，具有；承担；雇用
【教材原句】　Here， friendship has a double advantage — happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved！
在这里，友谊有双重优势——幸福有更大的意义，分担的烦恼减半！
【用法】
take in　　　　　收留；吸收；理解；欺骗
take off 脱下；起飞；取消
take back 收回；退回
take away 带走；拿走
take up 拿起；开始从事
take out 取出；去除
【练透】　语境辨义
①Now the countryside is taking on a new look day by day. 　　　　　　　
②He is willing to take on the responsibility for what he did. 　　　　　　　
③The farms take on more workers during the harvest. 　　　　　　　
admire vt.钦佩；欣赏
【教材原句】　They admired each other and quickly became friends.他们互相钦佩，并且很快成了朋友。
【用法】
（1）admire sb for （doing） sth
　　　　　　　　赞赏/钦佩某人（做）某事
admire the moon 赏月
（2）admiration n. 钦佩；赞美；羡慕
admirable adj. 令人钦佩的
【佳句】　Last Sunday our school organised a visit to the Great Wall， with the aim of helping the foreign students in our school admire the beautiful scenery in China.上周日，我们学校组织了一次参观长城的活动，目的是帮助在我们学校的外国学生欣赏中国的美丽风景。
【练通】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①We admire Tu Youyou 　　　　　　　her great contributions to the field of medicine.
②In the evening， people gather together， enjoying delicious mooncakes 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
晚上，人们聚集在一起，品尝美味的月饼，欣赏悬挂在天空中美丽的月亮。
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project &
Assessment
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.smooth out　2.comfort the heart　3.achieve　4.the peace
5.the better understanding　6.the help　7.being with friends
第二步
1－6　CDDBAA
第三步
1.（1）①happier； wiser； easier； clearer　②more satisfied； more thorough
2.（1）我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。因此，如果我们纯粹被自己的感情所支配，我们的判断可能是片面的。另一方面，在我们必须做出的重大决定上，朋友往往能给出更好的建议。此外，想和朋友聊聊自己的问题时，我们首先得把自己的想法付诸语言。
（2）On the one hand； On the other hand
第四步
1.我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。
2.最后，应该指出，与一群人在一起和与朋友在一起，不是一回事。
第五步
1.It can help us make our thoughts clearer and bring us a more thorough understanding of our problems.
2.Standards may vary.But true friends should be honest and sincere.And being considerate is an important way to maintain the relationships.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①reflection　②on/upon　③reflected in the picture
④reflecting on what happened that day
2.①from　②being killed　③vt.被遗忘　④had a narrow escape
3.①for the benefit of　②benefited a lot from　③of great benefit to human health
4.①failures　②in　③failed to pass the examination
④Failure is the mother of success
5.①to be/as　②I recognized his voice　③is recognized to have become
6.①keep her company　②accompany you to　③Accompanied by cheerful music　④My friend came to accompany me to hospital while I was ill.　My friend came to keep me company to hospital while I was ill.
7.①in　②was crowded　③into　④By the time the ambulance arrived， a crowd of/crowds of onlookers had gathered.　⑤Usually， it’s so crowded on the bus that I can’t find anywhere to sit.
Part Ⅱ
1.①Tired as they were　②As time went by　③Hot as the night air was　④As he was reading
2.①found it difficult to balance　②made it possible for
③think it necessary that
Part Ⅲ
1.①from　②for/after　③to find
2.①呈现　②承担　③雇用
3.①for　②while admiring the beautiful moon hanging in the sky
14 / 14(共139张PPT)
Section Ⅳ　
Extended reading & Project & Assessment
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Of Friendship
　　[1]As we walk the “path of life”， we may sometimes wish to be
alone with our own thoughts， for quiet periods of reflection① can lead to
personal improvement. However， when we seek② to be alone， we must
be careful that we do not always escape③ into our own world.Social life is
also important to us.[2]More often than not④， close friendships will
help smooth out⑤ the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to⑥
travel.
　　[1]句中有两个状语从句：主句前As引导时间状语从句，主句后
for引导原因状语从句。
　　[2]副词短语More often than not在句中作状语；that引导定语从
句，修饰先行词road，that在从句中作travel的宾语。
【读文清障】
①reflection n.沉思；反射；映像；反映
quiet periods of reflection静思
reflect v.反思；反映；反射
②seek vi.试图；寻找；争取 vt.寻求；寻找
seek to do sth 试图做某事
③escape vi.& vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n.逃离，
逃脱
escape into 逃进，躲进
escape from 逃离
④more often than not 通常，往往，一贯
⑤smooth out 消除（问题），克服（困难）
⑥be meant to do sth 注定要做某事，应做某事
　　[3]As we live in social groups， there are many benefits⑦ of
friendship that we can enjoy. Generally speaking， close friendships have
three “fruits”： they may comfort⑧ the heart， advise the head and help
us achieve the goals⑨ we set for ourselves.Through friendship， we can
become happier， wiser and more satisfied humans.
　　[4]The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing
with friends our joy， sadness， success and failure⑩. Here， friendship
has a double advantage — happiness takes on a greater meaning and a
trouble shared becomes a trouble halved！ Naturally， this kind of
openness results from a close friendship.With true friends， we feel free
to share our joy and sadness in full measure .We know that our friends
will both respect our feelings and treasure these moments of
closeness.Indeed， the human heart depends on such opportunities for
comfort and protection.
　　[3]句中As引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词
benefits of friendship。
　　[4]主句是“主系表”结构；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the
peace，并且在从句中作主语。
⑦benefit n.优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于
benefit from 从……中获益
⑧comfort vt.宽慰，抚慰 n.舒服；安慰
comfort the heart 抚慰心灵
⑨achieve the goals 实现目标
set a goal 设定目标
⑩failure n.失败；失败的人（或事）；未履行；故障
have a double advantage 有双重优势
result from 由……引起
result in 导致
in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地
to one’s measure 照着某人的尺寸
　　The second fruit of friendship is the better understanding and
judgement that may be achieved through conversations with well-meaning
and wise friends.[5]We often find it easier to recognize other
people’s weaknesses than our own. As a result， if we are guided only
by our own feelings， our judgements might be one-sided .On the other
hand， our friends are better able to offer advice on important decisions
that we all have to make.Also， when we want to talk our problems over
with a friend， we have to put our thoughts into words first.This alone
helps make our thoughts clearer and brings us a more thorough
understanding of our problems.
　　The third fruit of friendship is the help that a friend may offer in many
different ways.Sometimes a friend is even known as our “second
self ”.There are so many things in life that can only be achieved with the
help of friends.Friends may have many different ideas and
skills.[6]They can help us achieve what we want during life and，
perhaps， even after death .
　　[5]本句结构是“主语＋find＋it＋宾语补语＋to do ...”， it是
形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语。
　　[6]本句结构是“主语（They）＋谓语（can help）＋宾语（us）
＋宾语补语（achieve what ...）”， what引导宾语从句。
well-meaning adj.出于好心的，善意的
well-meaning and wise friends 善意而明智的朋友
recognize vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出
one-sided adj.片面的
put one’s thoughts into words
用语言表达自己的思想
thorough adj.彻底的，全面的；仔细的
a more thorough understanding of 比较透彻理解……
with the help of 借助于……
death n.死，死亡；死亡状态
die vi.死
　　[7]Finally， it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of
a crowd is not the same as being with friends.[8]Friends should be
carefully chosen and relationships carefully developed. In this way， we
can better walk the “path of life” with the comfort， advice and help
from our trusted friends.
　　[7] it作形式主语， that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。在从句
中，动词-ing短语enjoying the company of a crowd作主语。
　　[8]本句为并列句的省略现象，and连接的两个分句结构相同，
谓语部分都有should be， 那么可以省略第二个分句中relationships之
后的should be。
point out 指出
company n.陪伴，作伴；公司
enjoy the company of 享受……陪伴
crowd n.一伙人，一帮人；人群
vt.挤满，使拥挤 vi.聚焦；挤，涌
a crowd of/crowds of一群/成群的
crowd into大批涌入……
enjoy the company of a crowd享受一群人的陪伴
crowded adj.拥挤的
the same as 和……一样
as/as ...as 和……一样
such as 诸如；像，例如
walk the “path of life”走好“人生之路”
　　（Adapted from “Of Friendship”， an essay written by Francis
Bacon， a great English writer， scientist and philosopher）
【参考译文】
论友谊
　　走在人生的道路上，有时我们可能希望独自思考，因为静思可以
实现自我的完善。然而，当我们试图独处的时候，我们必须小心，不
要总是逃避到自己的世界里去。社交生活对我们同样重要。通常，亲
密的友情帮助我们踏平时而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路。
因为我们置身于社会群体中，我们可以享受到友谊的诸多益
处。总体而言，亲密友谊的“硕果”有三：抚慰心灵，启迪思
维，帮我们实现既定目标。通过友谊，我们可以变成更幸福、更
睿智、更满足的人。
　　友谊的第一个硕果来自和友人分享我们的喜悲成败所带来的平和
心境。在这里，友谊有双重优势——幸福有更大的意义，分担的烦恼
减半！当然，这种开诚布公源于亲密无间的友谊。与真正的朋友，我
们可以毫无顾忌、毫无保留地分享我们的欢乐和悲伤。我们知道，好
友既会尊重我们的情感，也会珍视这些亲密的时光。实际上，人的内
心离不开这些机会来获取慰藉和庇护。
　　友谊的第二个硕果是通过与善意和明智的朋友交谈可以获得更好
的理解力和判断力。我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自
身的缺点要容易。因此，如果我们纯粹被自己的感情所支配，我们的
判断就可能是片面的。另一方面，在我们必须做出的重大决定上，朋
友往往能给出更好的建议。此外，想和朋友聊聊自己的问题时，我们
首先得把自己的想法付诸语言。单是这点，就能让我们更好地厘清思
路，并对自身的问题有更透彻的认识。
友谊的第三个硕果是朋友以各种不同的方式可以为我们提供的帮
助。有时，朋友甚至被誉为我们的“第二个自己”。生活中有太多
事，只有在朋友的帮助下才能成功。朋友也许拥有诸多不同的想法和
技能。他们能帮助我们在生前，甚至是在我们故去之后，获得我们想
要之物。
最后，应该指出，与一群人在一起和与朋友在一起，不是一回
事。选择朋友须谨慎，经营友情须用心。如此，我们才能在挚友的抚
慰、建议和帮助下，更好地走好“人生之路”。
（改写自英国伟大的作家、科学家和哲学家弗朗西斯·培根的随笔
《论友谊》）
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly
and fill in the blanks.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. Why may we sometimes wish to be alone while walking the “path of
life”？
A. Because we want to escape into our own world.
B. Because social life is also important to us.
C. Because quiet thinking can lead to individual progress.
D. Because we are all meant to travel rocky road.
2. What benefits can we get from our friends？
A. Comfort and protection.
B. Some good advice.
C. Understanding and judgement.
D. All of the above.
3. Where does the first “fruit” of friendship come from？
A. One who has joy， sadness， success and failure.
B. A friend respecting our feelings.
C. A person who is free from failure.
D. An individual with whom we can share our joy， sadness， success
and failure.
4. The words “This alone” in Paragraph 4 mean “ 　　　　”.
A. finding weakness of our own first
B. putting our thoughts into words before we talking
C. offering advice on important decisions to others
D. achieving what we want to achieve
5. What can we learn from the last paragraph？
A. A carefully chosen friend will bring us advantages.
B. People can succeed as soon as he has friends.
C. Individuals can choose friends carelessly.
D. We ought to enjoy the company of a crowd.
6. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？
CP：Central Point　　　　　　P：Point
Sp：Sub-point （次要点）　　C：Conclusion
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）形容词的比较等级：单音节和双音节形容词一般加后缀-er 构
成形容词的比较级，多音节和部分双音节形容词一般在其前
加more构成形容词的比较级，请从课文中找出来。
①adj.＋-er：
②more＋adj.：
happier； wiser； easier； clearer　
more satisfied； more thorough　
（2）抽象名词具体化
①failure：失败→失败的人或事
②success：成功→成功的人或事
③delight：高兴→令人高兴的事
④pleasure：乐趣→令人高兴的事
⑤attraction：吸引→有吸引力的人或事物
⑥beauty：美；美丽→美丽的人或事物
⑦danger：危险→危险的人或因素
⑧shock：震惊→令人震惊的事情
2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
精彩衔接：文中第四段使用了短语on the other hand“另一方面”，
使文章表达更有条理、有序、舒畅自然。此短语常与on the one
hand“一方面”连用，用来表述事物的不同方面。on the other hand
单独出现时，上下文中常有as a result、 therefore、 also等词，让上
下文浑然一体。
（1）请朗读欣赏课文精彩语段，学习其用法，并翻译成汉语。
原句：We often find it easier to recognize other people’s
weaknesses than our own.As a result，if we are guided only by
our own feelings， our judgements might be one-sided.On the
other hand，our friends are better able to offer advice on
important decisions that we all have to make.Also，when we
want to talk our problems over with a friend， we have to put our
thoughts into words first.
翻译：




（2）运用适当的过渡词，完成下面语段。
My suggestions are as follows. ， it is a
good idea to read loudly. ， watching
more English movies is also very useful.
我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身
的缺点要容易。因此，如果我们纯粹被自己的感情所支配，
我们的判断可能是片面的。另一方面，在我们必须做出的重
大决定上，朋友往往能给出更好的建议。此外，想和朋友聊
聊自己的问题时，我们首先得把自己的想法付诸语言。　
On the one hand　
On the other hand　
第四步：析难句，清阅读障碍
1. We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than
our own.
句式分析
自主翻译

我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的
缺点要容易。　
2. Finally， it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd
is not the same as being with friends.
句式分析
自主翻译

最后，应该指出，与一群人在一起和与朋友在一起，
不是一回事。　
第五步：拓视野，育思维品质
1. Why do we have to put our thoughts into words？ （Critical Thinking
批判性思维）


　It can help us make our thoughts clearer and bring us a more
thorough understanding of our problems.　
2. How should friends be carefully chosen and relationships carefully
developed？ （Creative Thinking 创造性思维）



　Standards may vary.But true friends should be honest and
sincere.And being considerate is an important way to maintain the
relationships.　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
reflection n.沉思；反射；映像；反映
【教材原句】　As we walk the “path of life”， we may sometimes
wish to be alone with our own thoughts， for quiet periods of reflection
can lead to personal improvement.
走在人生的道路上，有时我们可能希望独自思考，因为静思可以实现
自我的完善。
（1）on reflection　　　仔细想来，经过慎重考虑
without reflection　　不假思索地
（2）reflect vi.　　思考
vt.　　反映；显示；反射
reflect ...in ...　　在……中映出……的影像
be reflected in　　倒映在；反映在
reflect on/upon　　认真思考/反省
【用法】
【佳句】　Your clothes are often a reflection of your personality.穿着常
常反映出一个人的个性。
【助记】　reflection一词多义
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Usually a child’s behaviour is a （reflect） of his
family relationship and growth environment.
reflection　
②“I reflect how my day’s gone and think about the rest of
the week，” he said.
on/upon　
【写美】　句式升级
③There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon which is
reflected in the picture.
→There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon
.（分词作定语）
④The man was lying on the grass and reflected on what happened that
day.
→The man was lying on the grass，
.（分词作状语）
reflected in
the picture　
reflecting on what happened that
day　
escape vi.& vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n.逃离，
逃脱
【教材原句】　However， when we seek to be alone， we must be
careful that we do not always escape into our own world.然而，当我们试
图独处的时候，我们必须小心，不要总是逃避到自己的世界里去。
（1）escape （doing） sth 逃避（做）某事
escape from　　从……逃脱；逃避
escape one’s attention/notice　　逃过某人的注意
（2）fire escape　　　　太平梯；安全梯；安全出口
have a narrow escape　　九死一生；死里逃生
【用法】
【佳句】　I’ve met him before， but his name escapes me.
我以前见过他，但想不起他的名字了。
【用准】　escape意为“被……遗忘；没有被……注意到”时，用sth
escape sb结构，而不用sb escape sth结构。
【练透】　单句语法填空/语境辨义
①Fortunately，he escaped the burning house without being
injured.
②It is said that he narrowly escaped （kill） in the
traffic accident the other day.
from　
being killed　
③Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him
for the moment.　
【写美】　完成句子
④Last year I ， and I don’t want to risk my life
a second time.
去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。
vt.被遗忘　
had a narrow escape　
benefit n.优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于
【教材原句】　As we live in social groups， there are many benefits of
friendship that we can enjoy.
因为我们置身于社会群体中，我们可以享受到友谊的诸多益处。
（1）benefit from/by ... 从……中受益；得益于……
（2）for the benefit of　　为了……的利益
to sb’s benefit＝to the benefit of sb　　对某人有益
（3）beneficial adj.　　有利的，有裨益的，有用的
be （very） beneficial to ...＝be of （great/much） benefit to ...
　对……（很）有益；（很）有益于（to为介词）
【用法】
【佳句】　This New English-Chinese Dictionary will be of benefit to
your English learning.
这本《新英汉词典》将会对你的英语学习有好处。
【练透】　完成句子
①The money will be used the poor.
这些钱将用于帮助穷人。
②It is said that the company has the new policy.
据说这家公司从这个新政策中获益许多。
for the benefit of　
benefited a lot from
【写美】　句型转换
③It is said that yoga is very beneficial to human health.
→It is said that yoga is .
of great benefit to human health　
failure n.失败；失败的人（或事）；未履行；故障
【教材原句】　The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from
sharing with friends our joy， sadness， success and failure.友谊的第一
个硕果来自和友人分享我们的喜悲成败所带来的平和心境。
【用法】
（1）a failure　　　一个失败的人；一件失败的事
（2）fail v.　　失败；不及格
fail to do sth　　没做成某事
fail （in） sth　　失败，没有通过
【佳句】　He was a failure as an actor， but he was a great success as a
father.
作为演员他是个失败者，但作为父亲他非常成功。
【用准】　抽象名词一般是不可数的。但个别抽象名词用来表示可数
的人或物，被称作抽象名词具体化，此时词义将发生变化。failure 作
可数名词，意为“失败者，失败的事”；作不可数名词，意为“失
败”。类似的词还有success、 surprise、 honour、 difficulty等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①After many （fail）， he finally set up his own company.
②To my regret， I failed my attempt to persuade her into giving
up the idea of going on a trip by herself.
failures　
in　
【写美】　完成句子
③He through carelessness.
由于粗心，他考试不及格。
④As a proverb goes，“ .” Work
hard， and you will make progress.
正如一句谚语说的那样，“失败是成功之母。”努力，你就会取
得进步。
failed to pass the examination　
Failure is the mother of success　
recognize vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出
【教材原句】　We often find it easier to recognize other people’s
weaknesses than our own.
我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。
（1）recognize one’s voice　　辨别出某人的声音
recognize sb/sth by/from ...　根据……认出某人/某物
be recognized to be/as ...　　被认为是……
It is recognized that ... 　　人们公认……
（2）recognition n.　　承认；认出
beyond recognition　　认不出来
【用法】
【佳句】　We hadn’t met for 20 years， but I recognized her the
instant I saw her.
我们20年没见面了，可我一见到她就认出了她。
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The film is recognized a great success.
②The moment I answered the phone， .
我一接电话，就听出了他的声音。
to be/as　
I recognized his voice　
【写美】　句型转换
③It is recognized that traffic jam has become one serious problem to
citizens.
→Traffic jam one serious problem to
citizens.
is recognized to have become　
company n.陪伴，作伴；公司
【教材原句】　Finally， it should be pointed out that enjoying the
company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends.最后，应该指
出，与一群人在一起和与朋友在一起，不是一回事。
（1）keep sb company （to sp）　陪伴某人（去某地）
for company 　　作伴，陪伴
in company with ...　　与……一起；与……同时
（2）run/join a company　　经营/加入一个公司
set up/start a company　　开办公司
（3）accompany vt.　　伴随，陪同；为……伴奏
accompany sb to sp　　陪伴某人去某地
be accompanied by ...　　伴随……；由……陪同
【用法】
【佳句】　Even when walking in the company of two other men， I am
bound to learn from them.
三人行，必有我师焉。
【用准】　“陪伴某人做某事”不能表达成accompany sb to do sth，
而应表达成do sth in the company of sb。
【练透】　完成句子
①When she was single， her mother would .
当她单身时，她的妈妈常常陪伴着她。
②Jane is willing to the park for a walk.
简愿意陪你去公园散步。
③ ， we began to dance.
伴随着欢乐的乐曲，我们开始跳起舞来。
keep her company　
accompany you to　
Accompanied by cheerful music　
【写美】　一句多译
④我生病时，我的朋友来陪我去医院。
→
（accompany）
→
（company）
My friend came to accompany me to hospital while I was ill.　
My friend came to keep me company to hospital while I was ill.　
crowd n.一伙人，一帮人；人群 vt.挤满，使拥挤 vi.聚集；挤，涌
【用法】
（1）crowd in （on sb）/into sth　（想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入
脑海
crowd into ...　　　　大批涌入……
crowd into one’s mind　　涌上某人的心头
（2）the crowd　　人群，观众，群众
a crowd of/crowds of　　一群/成群的
follow the crowd＝go with the crowd　　随大流
（3）crowded adj.　　拥挤的
be crowded with ...　　挤满……，满是……
【佳句】　The crowd was cheering him on all through the race.整个比
赛过程中观众都在为他加油。
【用准】　the crowd为集体名词，作主语表示一个整体时，谓语动词
用单数形式；表示组成集体的成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Once I stop， it all comes crowding and I remember the chimps
in laboratories.
②The electric car show （crowd） with people，
which showed the popularity of the electric cars.
③We all crowded her office to sing “Happy Birthday”.
in　
was crowded　
into　
【写美】　翻译句子
④当救护车赶到时，围观的人已经很多了。


⑤通常，公交车上太拥挤了，以至于我找不到坐的地方。


　By the time the ambulance arrived， a crowd of/crowds of onlookers
had gathered.　
　Usually， it’s so crowded on the bus that I can’t find anywhere to
sit.　
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：as引导原因状语从句
【教材原句】　As we live in social groups， there are many benefits of
friendship that we can enjoy.
因为我们置身于社会群体中，我们可以享受到友谊的诸多益处。
（1）本句中As we live in social groups为as引导的原因状语从句， as
在此表示“因为，由于”。
（2）as作从属连词的其他用法总结：
①引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候；随着……；一边……一
边……”；
②引导方式状语从句，表示“按照，如，像”；
③引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，从句使用部分倒装，
即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于as前面；单数可数名词提前
时应省掉冠词；
④引导比较状语从句，表示“像……一样地”。
【用法】
【品悟】　You’d better do as the teacher has told you.
你最好按照老师告诉你的做。
As the teacher was satisfied with what we had done， she began to
smile.因为老师对我们所做的感到满意，所以她露出了会心的笑容。
【写美】　句式升级/完成句子
①Although they were tired， they stayed up preparing the report.
→ ， they stayed up preparing the report. （as）
②With time going by， we saw less and less of each other.
→ ， we saw less and less of each other. （as）
③ ， we slept deeply because we were so
tired.
尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是睡得很沉，因为我们太累了。
Tired as they were　
As time went by　
Hot as the night air was　
④ ， he was shaking his head， which surely
slowed down his reading speed.
他边读边摇头，这当然降低了他的阅读速度。
As he was reading　
句型公式：主语＋及物动词＋it＋宾语补语＋真正的宾语
【教材原句】　We often find it easier to recognize other people’s
weaknesses than our own.
我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。
【用法】
（1）常用于以上句式结构的动词有make、 feel、 think、 find、
consider等。
（2）宾语补语可以是形容词、名词；真正的宾语可以是动词不定式
短语、动词-ing短语或从句。
【品悟】　Foreigners find it difficult to learn Chinese.
外国人觉得汉语很难学。
We should all make it clear that success comes from diligence.
我们都应该明白成功源于勤奋。
【写美】　完成句子
①The boy his hobbies and his
schoolwork.
这个男孩发现很难平衡他的爱好和他的功课。
②Scientists have human beings to travel in
space.
科学家们已经使人类漫游太空成为可能。
③I you should apologize to her at once.
我认为你必须立刻向她道歉。
found it difficult to balance　
made it possible for　
think it necessary that　
Part Ⅲ　中频词汇特训
seek vi.试图；寻找；争取 vt.寻求；寻找
【教材原句】　However， when we seek to be alone， we must be
careful that we do not always escape into our own world.然而，当我们试
图独处的时候，我们必须小心，不要总是逃避到自己的世界里去。
seek （for） sth/sb from ... 从……寻找某物/某人
seek for/after　　　　　追求；追寻
seek to do sth　　试图做某事
seek one’s fortune　　找出路；碰运气
【用法】
【佳句】　The penniless man had no choice but to go abroad to seek his
fortune.这个身无分文的人别无选择只能出国寻找发财的机会。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①If you have any questions， you can seek help your
teammates.
②The shopkeeper is trying to seek a better way to win his
customers back， perhaps with a discount.
③Many people in their lifetime avoid or do not even seek
（find） the answer to that question.
from　
for/after　
to find　
take on呈现，具有；承担；雇用
【教材原句】　Here， friendship has a double advantage — happiness
takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble
halved！
在这里，友谊有双重优势——幸福有更大的意义，分担的烦恼减半！
take in　　　　　收留；吸收；理解；欺骗
take off　　脱下；起飞；取消
take back　　收回；退回
take away　　带走；拿走
take up　　拿起；开始从事
take out　　取出；去除
【用法】
【练透】 语境辨义
①Now the countryside is taking on a new look day by day.
②He is willing to take on the responsibility for what he did.　
③The farms take on more workers during the harvest.　
呈现　
承担　
雇用　
admire vt.钦佩；欣赏
【教材原句】　They admired each other and quickly became friends.他
们互相钦佩，并且很快成了朋友。
【用法】
（1）admire sb for （doing） sth　赞赏/钦佩某人（做）某事
admire the moon　　赏月
（2）admiration n.　　钦佩；赞美；羡慕
admirable adj.　　令人钦佩的
【佳句】　Last Sunday our school organised a visit to the Great Wall，
with the aim of helping the foreign students in our school admire the
beautiful scenery in China.上周日，我们学校组织了一次参观长城的活
动，目的是帮助在我们学校的外国学生欣赏中国的美丽风景。
【练通】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①We admire Tu Youyou her great contributions to the field of
medicine.
②In the evening， people gather together， enjoying delicious
mooncakes .
晚上，人们聚集在一起，品尝美味的月饼，欣赏悬挂在天空中美丽的
月亮。
for　
while admiring the beautiful moon hanging in the sky　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. The emergency broke out last night， causing more than ten d .
2. My parents often c me with some inspiring words.
3. He is a learned person and we all a him very much.
4. Sadly， all his efforts ended in f .
eaths　
omfort
dmire　
ailure　
5. The waiting room is c with passengers waiting for the bus to
come.
6. I’ve promised to keep him （陪伴） when his parents
are out.
7. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief.The thief tries
to （逃跑）.
8. We （寻找） an answer to the question， but couldn’t
find one.
rowded　
company　
escape　
sought　
9. To our surprise， there was an （尴尬的） silence after
his speech.
10. After the accident， the police carried out a （彻底
的） investigation.
awkward　
thorough　
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. Usually a child’s behaviour is a （reflect） of his
family environment.
2. Lie down on your bed and make yourself
（comfort）.
3. The engineer has done something （admire） in this
field.
reflection　
comfortable　
admirable　
4. Even a great inventor makes many experiments that end in
（fail）.
5. The new regulations will be （benefit） to everyone
concerned.
6. The prize is a （recognize） for your selfless
contribution.
7. The storm is thought to be responsible for as many as four
（dead）.
8. Suddenly it got more （crowd） around us and I noticed
a man was following us.
failure　
beneficial　
recognition　
deaths　
crowded　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1. 我发现和我弟弟玩挺有趣的。（it作形式宾语）
I to play with my younger brother.
2. 只有当我们再次研究这些数据的时候，我们才意识到出了错。（倒
装句）
Only when we had studied the data again there
was a mistake.
find it interesting　
did we realize that　
3. 有些昆虫为了保护自己，会呈现出周围环境的颜色。（take on）
Some insects to protect
themselves.
4. 这幅图片意在鼓励人们读更多的书。（be meant to do sth）
The picture more books.
5. 她和她妈妈一样是位受学生尊敬的好老师。（as ...as ...）
She is her mother respected by students.
6. 它是一个拥有2000多年悠久历史的城市。（that引导的定语从句）
It is a city .
take on the colour of their surroundings　
is meant to encourage people to read　
as good a teacher as　
that has a history of more than 2，000 years　
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
　　When we walk the “path of life”， sometimes friendship can help
us 1. （smooth） out the rocky road that we 2.
（mean） to travel.Generally speaking， close friendships have
three main 3. （benefit）.The first is 4. they can
comfort the heart， because the peace comes from friends 5.
（to） smooth　
are
meant　
benefits　
that　
we share with our joy， sadness， success and failure.The
second is that they can advise 6. head because we may have better
understanding and judgement 7. （achieve） through
conversations with well-meaning friends.The third is that they can help us
achieve the goals 8. many different ways.Finally， if we want to
9. （well） walk the “path of life” with the comfort，
advice and help from our 10. （trust） friends， we should
choose friends and develop relationships carefully.
whom/that　
the　
achieved　
in　
better　
trusted　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　In the second year of my high school， I went abroad to continue my
education.Shortly after I moved in with my host family， an Italian girl
moved in too.Since the house had limited space， we roomed
together.My negative outlook on roommates started from that
moment.My roommate liked to invite friends over and hold parties， but I
preferred staying in my room and enjoying myself.Then conflicts started
to appear.
After that experience， I told myself that I never wanted a roommate
again.Unfortunately， life quickly challenged me when I went to
college.It required all first-year students to live on campus， which meant
I had to live with someone I didn’t know.From that point on， I began
worrying.
I met my future roommate Yizhou for the very first time on 23
August. When I talked to her， I tried my best to smile and nod in order to
hide my nervousness.We attended the same class and afterwards she
invited me to have lunch.I completely freaked out.I told myself that I
should step out of my comfort zone and try to talk to my new roommate，
even though I could clearly hear my heart beating through my chest.I
considered it for a long time， and finally， I accepted her invitation.
After we lived together for a few weeks， I got to know Yizhou
already owned a small business selling clothes， while I kept struggling to
set goals.One night， she asked me what I wanted to do for my career.I
looked into her eyes for a long time， and then said， “I don’t
know.” “Don’t worry！ We will work together and I’ll help you find
what you are passionate about，” she said in a gentle voice.Under her
influence， I found my interest and knew what I wanted to be after
graduation.And because of her， I felt having a roommate could be so
amazing.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者不喜欢和别人
一起住，后来上大学时按照学校要求作者不得不和别人一起住，作
者起初很紧张，后来在室友的帮助下作者认为有个室友很棒。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者不喜欢和别人
一起住，后来上大学时按照学校要求作者不得不和别人一起住，作
者起初很紧张，后来在室友的帮助下作者认为有个室友很棒。
1. Why did the author feel bad while living with her host family？
A. She hardly made new friends.
B. She disliked sharing a room with another person.
C. She was annoyed by her roommate’s lifestyle.
D. She had trouble communicating with foreigners.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，作者和寄宿家
庭住在一起时感觉不舒服是因为她对室友的生活方式感到恼怒。
2. What was the first challenge the author met in college？
A. Dealing with cultural differences.
B. Sharing a room with a stranger.
C. Making plans for her future career.
D. Communicating with her new classmates.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第二段中的It required all first-year
students to live on campus， which meant I had to live with someone I
didn’t know.可知，作者在大学里遇到的第一个挑战是和陌生人同
住一间房。
3. What do the underlined words “freaked out” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. Felt excited. B. Felt confused.
C. Became interested. D. Got frightened.
解析： 　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的I told myself that I should
step out of my comfort zone and try to talk to my new roommate，
even though I could clearly hear my heart beating through my chest.可
知，作者对室友的邀请感到害怕。由此推知，freaked out意为“害
怕”，和got frightened意思相近。
4. Which of the following can best describe Yizhou？
A. Inspiring and helpful.
B. Brave and selfless.
C. Creative and outgoing.
D. Serious and honest.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Yizhou说的话和最后两句
可推知，Yizhou鼓励了作者，且帮助了作者，因此可以用inspiring
和helpful来描述Yizhou。
B
　　As Aristotle said， “No one would choose to live without friends，
even if he had all other goods.” But have you ever made friends online？
What exactly is an online friend？ What’s the difference between an
online friendship and an offline one？
A person you know only through the Internet （which includes social
networking sites like Facebook， Instagram and Pinterest） or email and
will seldom， if ever， meet is considered an online friend.Online
friendships can develop in places like forums （论坛）， gaming sites，
blogs， online groups or even from websites that help you meet friends.
An online friendship begins when two people bond with each other，
just like an offline relationship.They may share photos， email each
other， or chat on the phone finally.The friendship can become a source
of support and provide emotional benefits even though the friends will
never meet in real life.
Online friendships can be valuable during times when you lack friends
or have just moved to a new city or country.But in order for a friendship to
be truly real， you need to communicate face to face.That isn’t to say
that an online friendship can’t hold a special place in your heart or give
you the kind of acceptance and support your desire.What it means is that
this type of friendship will be very different.In an online friendship，
people can hide their true personality.You’ll never see them lose their
temper or show you how they act when they’re tired or hungry.They
have the choice to always show their best selves， always say the right
thing and even avoid upsetting you with subjects they bring up during
small talk or a deeper conversation.
An online friendship can feel very real.However， since you can hide
behind the computer， it isn’t exactly the same as when you have friends
you can meet in person.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网友的定义、网络
友情的意义及存在的问题等。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网友的定义、网络
友情的意义及存在的问题等。
5. Why does the author raise the questions in Paragraph 1？
A. To express his great doubt.
B. To introduce the topic for discussion.
C. To show the importance of online friends.
D. To get readers to care about the Internet.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，第一段先引用亚里
士多德的话来说明友谊的重要性，并提出了一些问题，接下来的段
落介绍了网友的定义及意义等。由此可推知，作者在第一段提出这
些问题是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。
6. What does Paragraph 2 tell us？
A. What an online friend is.
B. Different ways of making friends.
C. Different kinds of social networks.
D. How to make friends on the Internet.
解析： 　段落大意题。根据第二段中的A person you know only
through the Internet ...meet is considered an online friend.可知，本
段告诉了我们网友的定义。
7. What does the underlined word “bond” in Paragraph 3 probably
mean？
A. Fight. B. Compare.
C. Contact. D. Love.
解析： 　词义猜测题。画线单词后一句是对上一句的解释说明，
解释了具体的交流方式。由此可推知，画线词所在的句子意为“网
上友谊始于两个人彼此建立联系，就像线下关系一样”，bond意为
“建立互信关系”，与contact（联系）意思最接近。
8. How does an online friendship differ from a real-life friendship？
A. It can’t become a source of support.
B. It takes more time and effort to keep.
C. It lacks communication with great depth.
D. It can’t tell what a person is really like.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后三句可推知，网络友
谊有别于真实生活中的友谊，因为网络友谊具有片面性和欺骗性，
不能完全展示对方的真实面目。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
BE A GOOD TOURIST
　　Tourism can be both good and bad.Yes， it brings in money for the
local economy and creates lots of jobs for locals. 　9　
One growing problem is tourists who want to prove that they have
visited a destination.They have used paint， rocks， or even keys to write
on the Luxor Temple in Egypt， the Colosseum in Rome， Stonehenge in
the UK， and many， many other places. 　10　 I have three words for
people like this： please stop it.If you want to leave a mark on the
world， do it by changing someone’s life with kindness and love.
　11　 Some tourists wander around and take pictures of local people
without asking for their permission.For example， Chiang Mai University
in Thailand and Yonsei University in South Korea have great numbers of
tourists visiting their campuses and walking through their libraries and
other public areas， taking pictures of students， and disturbing their
studies.Another example is Sanlitun， a famous neighbourhood in
Beijing， China. 　12　 I have three words for tourists like this： please
be considerate.Have fun in a way that does not disturb others.
The number of problems from tourists is endless： Walking in large
groups without considering others who need to walk by， crossing roads
without thinking of local traffic laws， and many more.The only way to
solve those problems is to make sure that you are not one of those terrible
tourists！ 　13　 Remember， whenever you step out of your country，
you are representing your country to the rest of the world.
A. Pass kindness along to future generations.
B. However， it may also bring some problems.
C. Thousands of tourist sites are being destroyed.
D. Be the best， kindest， most polite tourist possible.
E. People are attracted to the amazing food there and enjoy shopping at the
local markets.
F. Some tourists love to party there late into the night， making it difficult
for locals to sleep.
G. Another big headache in some places has been tourists disturbing the
local people and life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。旅游业在带动当地经济发展的同时
也会产生诸多问题。文章建议我们在旅游时尽可能做最好、最友
善、最懂礼貌的游客。
9. B　该句在首段段尾，承上启下，与上文形成转折，并总领引出下
文，指出旅游也会带来一些问题。
10. C　该句在段中，点明游客在景区随意刻画的不良后果，即造成
众多的景点和古迹被毁坏。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。旅游业在带动当地经济发展的同时
也会产生诸多问题。文章建议我们在旅游时尽可能做最好、最友
善、最懂礼貌的游客。
11. G　该句在段首，是本段的主题句，概括下文，并与第二段首句
相呼应，说明另一个因旅游带来的大问题是它打扰了当地人和人们的
生活。
12. F　该句在段中，是对空前一句举例的补充，具体说明游客的行为
如何给当地人造成困扰：来三里屯游玩的游客喜欢开派对直至深夜，
使得当地居民很难入眠。F项中的there指代上文的Sanlitun。
13. D　该句在段中，是对空前一句的补充说明，说明解决问题的方
法就是要尽可能做最好、最友善、最懂礼貌的游客。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Life is full of uncertainties， and every activity we do carries some
level of 　14　.Some activities， like snowboarding， often have a
higher possibility of injury.Ian Steger 　15　 this first-hand when he had
a serious snowboarding accident， but he was so 　16　 that Francis
Zuber passed by.
In March， Ian and a group of friends went on a snowboarding trip in
Washington State.During their 　17　， things took a dangerous
turn.While moving through the trees， Ian fell backward and crashed into
one， finding himself 　18　 in a deep hole of snow.
Ian explained the 　19　， “When we entered the trees， they were
so 　20　 together that we each had to find our own paths.Unluckily，
the path I 　21　 led me straight into a big tree well.” Fearing the
worst， Ian thought he was facing his 　22　 moments.However，
Francis Zuber， a skier， happened to pass by.
Francis saw a flash of red in the corner of his eye.He 　23　 a
snowboard sticking out from the snow， which was 　24　 considering
how far they were from any populated areas.Worried， Francis called out
to Ian but didn’t receive any 　25　.
Without hesitation， Francis began to dig hard to save Ian from the
snowy trap.In the end， he 　26　 it.Feeling extremely 　27　， Ian
hugged Francis， telling him， “I’m so glad you 　28　 my life
today.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了被困在雪洞中的单板滑
雪爱好者Ian Steger被路过的滑雪者Francis Zuber营救的故事。
14. A. interest B. risk
C. boredom D. success
解析： 　根据下文中的Some activities， like snowboarding，
often have a higher possibility of injury.可知，一些活动，如单板滑
雪，受伤的可能性通常更高。由此推断，每种活动都有一定程度
的风险。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了被困在雪洞中的单板滑
雪爱好者Ian Steger被路过的滑雪者Francis Zuber营救的故事。
15. A. discovered B. described
C. mentioned D. guessed
解析： 　空后的this指代上一句内容。Ian在发生严重的滑雪事故
时，他亲身体会到了这一点。discover认识到；first-hand第一手
地，直接地。
16. A. proud B. nervous
C. sure D. lucky
解析： 　根据空后的Francis Zuber passed by和下文中Francis营救
Ian的情节可知，在Ian发生事故后，Francis正好路过，然后救了
他，这说明Ian很幸运。
17. A. visit B. adventure
C. training D. discussion
解析： 　根据上文中的Ian and a group of friends went on a
snowboarding trip和第四段中的considering how far they were from
any populated areas可知，Ian和一群朋友去滑雪，滑雪的地方离人
口密集区很远。由此推断，他们进行的是冒险旅行。
18. A. beaten B. hidden
C. trapped D. tested
解析： 　根据最后一段中的Francis began to dig hard to save Ian
from the snowy trap可知，Francis把Ian从雪洞里救出来。由此推
断，Ian向后摔倒，撞到了一棵树上，发现自己被困在一个很深的
雪洞里。
19. A. situation B. method
C. difference D. invitation
解析： 　空后引号中的内容介绍了Ian当时进入树林后陷入雪洞
的原因，本空是对这部分内容的概括，故选situation。
20. A. close B. safe C. unique D. high
解析： 　根据Ian的解释可知，在他们进入树林后，每个人不得
不找自己的路。由此推断，树木离得太近，他们滑雪时不得不分
散开，然而不幸的是，Ian所选的路直接把他带到一个大树坑里。
21. A. advised B. cleared
C. chose D. saw
解析： 　参见上题解析。
22. A. quiet B. final C. right D. long
解析： 　根据空前的Fearing the worst可知，Ian被困在了树坑
中，里面全是雪，他担心最坏的情况发生。由此推断，他以为自
己即将面临生命的最后时刻。
23. A. heard B. imagined
C. kept D. noticed
解析： 　Francis先是瞟见一个红色的东西，空后的a snowboard
sticking out from the snow是Francis之后留心注意到的情况。
24. A. funny B. true
C. unusual D. impossible
解析： 　空前的which指代a snowboard sticking out from the
snow，再根据空后的considering how far they were from any
populated areas可知，在这么偏僻的地方看到从雪地里突出来的滑
雪板是很不寻常的。
25. A. report B. warning
C. promise D. answer
解析： 　根据空前的Francis called out to Ian but didn’t receive可
知，Francis向Ian喊话，但没得到回应。
26. A. made B. got C. put D. meant
解析： 　根据本段中的Francis began to dig hard to save Ian from
the snowy trap.和Ian hugged Francis可知，Francis奋力挖雪试图从
雪洞中把Ian救出来，最后他成功了，Ian最终获救了。make it成
功；get it明白了；put it表达；mean it认真对待（所说或所写的东
西）。
27. A. tired B. thankful
C. curious D. satisfied
解析： 　根据上文中Francis救Ian的情节和Ian hugged Francis可
知，获救的Ian对Francis非常感激，他很高兴Francis救了他。
28. A. calmed B. touched
C. spared D. saved
解析： 　参见上题解析。
Ⅳ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
　　If you are walking across the campus， you can be embarrassed with
every pair of eyes on you， especially when you’re 13 years old.I looked
around to find a friendly face or a smile， but got nothing.I was quite
disappointed.And I， in turn， felt a little foolish， walking across the
campus with a false smile on my face.I was simply hoping to follow the
advice that my mother had given me years before： When things get
awkward， smile.No matter where you are， a smile will always be
understood.At that very moment， however， I felt my mother’s advice
didn’t work.
Just at that time， I was asking myself questions and concerns of any
13-year-old on the first day of school： Where would I sit at lunch？ Who
would I talk to？ Not to mention， how would I make friends when I
didn’t even speak the language？ My heart was beating fast， and I felt
nervous.Still， I did my best to be calm so as not to let others know just
how scared I truly was.
When the teacher introduced me to the class as the “American
girl”， 10 sets of hands immediately shot up.Some students had
questions， while others wanted to practise their English with me.Because
I didn’t speak much Chinese then， I talked with the other students
through body language mixed with English and broken
Chinese.However， I was not sure how much of it was positive.It was
almost as if they weren’t sure what to make of me and I was being
examined.Then again， who could blame them？ After all， I was the
first American ever to attend the school.So， we were all first-timers.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
　　Then came the first class — Chinese painting. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
　　As I burnt with great embarrassment， Li Hua， who was next to
me， gave me a warm smile. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
参考范文：
　　Then came the first class — Chinese painting.The teacher showed us
how to use a brush to paint bamboo on a piece of rice paper.Then all the
other students began to paint.But it was quite difficult for me.How could I
hold the soft brush and make it go as I wished？ Hesitating for a while， I
tried dipping the brush into the inkstone.When I took it out， drops of
black ink fell on the paper.There was no bamboo， but big black dots！
As I burnt with great embarrassment， Li Hua， who was next to
me， gave me a warm smile.I smiled back awkwardly.He came up to me
and demonstrated how to use the brush.He moved the brush across the
paper， and lifelike bamboo appeared！ With his help， I finally
completed the painting， although it was such an ugly one.After that，
we became good friends.He taught me Chinese while I taught him
English.We both made great progress in our studies.Yes， my mother was
right.A smile did make a difference.
谢谢观看！

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