资源简介

(共116张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Reading and Thinking
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
WHAT’S IN A NAME？
　　The United Kingdom， Great Britain， Britain， England — many
people are confused by① [1]what these different names mean .So what is
the difference between them， if any②？ [2]Getting to know a little bit③
about British history will help you solve this puzzle④.
　
[1]what引导一个宾语从句，在从句中作mean的宾语。[2]Getting to know ...是动词-ing短语作主语。
【读文清障】　
①be confused by对……感到困惑
②if any如果有什么的话
if so如果这/那样的话
③a little bit一点儿
④puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问
vt.迷惑；使困惑
solve a puzzle解开谜题
puzzling adj.令人困惑的
puzzled adj.感到困惑的
In the 16th century， the nearby⑤ country of Wales⑥ was joined to⑦
the Kingdom of England.Later， in the 18th century， the country
Scotland⑧ was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th
century， the Kingdom of Ireland was added⑨ to create the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Finally， in the 20th century， the
southern part of Ireland broke away from⑩ the UK， [3]which resulted in
the full name we have today ： the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland .Most people just use the shortened name：“the
United Kingdom” or “the UK”.People from the UK are called
“British”， [4]which means the UK is also often referred to as
Britain or Great Britain .
　　[3]关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句
的内容。其中we have today是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从
句，修饰先行词the full name。
[4]关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句
的内容。
⑤nearby adj.附近的；邻近的
adv.在附近
⑥Wales威尔士（英国）
⑦join ...to ...把……和……连接或联结起来
join sb in doing sth加入某人一起做某事
⑧Scotland苏格兰（英国）
⑨add v.增加，增添
⑩break away （from sb/sth）脱离；背叛；逃脱
result in导致
result from由于
Northern Ireland北爱尔兰（英国）
shorten vt.缩短
refer to ...as ...把……称为……
The four countries [5]that belong to the United Kingdom work
together in some areas .They use the same flag， [6]known as the Union
Jack ， as well as share the same currency and military defence
.However， they also have some differences.For example， England，
Wales， Scotland， and Northern Ireland all have different education
systems and legal systems.They also have their own traditions， like
their own national days and national dishes.And they even have their own
football teams for competitions like the World Cup！
　　[5]关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词The four countries，
that在从句中作主语，不能省略。
[6]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the same flag。
belong vi.应在（某处）；适应
belong to属于
area n.领域，方面
field n.领域
as well as同（一样也）；和；还
as well as用于连接两个并列成分；连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的
数和第一个主语一致。
currency n.通货；货币
military adj.军事的；军用的
defence n.防御；保卫
education system教育体制
legal adj.法律的；合法的
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history [7]to explore ， [8]which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions .Almost [9] everywhere you go in the UK ， you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people [10]who took over at different times throughout history .The first group， [11]the Romans ， came in the first century.Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.Next， the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century.They introduced the beginnings of the English language ，
and changed [12]the way people built houses .The Vikings came in the eighth century and left behind lots of new vocabulary， as well as the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans .They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.They [13]had castles built all around England， and made changes to the legal system.The Normans were French， so many French words slowly entered into the English language.
　　[7]动词不定式作后置定语，修饰history。
[8]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词history，which在
从句中作主语。
[9]everywhere意为“处处；到处”，引导地点状语从句。
[10]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词four different groups of
people， who在从句中作主语，不能省略。
[11]the Romans作The first group的同位语。
[12]people built houses是省略了关系代词that或in which的定语从
句，修饰先行词the way； that或in which在从句中作方式状语。
[13]此处是have sth done结构，表示“让某事被做”。
surround vt.围绕；包围
be surrounded by ... 被……包围
evidence n.证据；证明
take over接管；掌管
throughout prep.各处；遍及；自始至终
Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的
n.古罗马人；罗马市民
achievement n.成就；成绩；达到
include doing sth包括做某事
Anglo-Saxon盎格鲁—撒克逊人
the English language英语
the Chinese language汉语
Viking n.维京人；北欧海盗
leave behind留下
location n.地方；地点；位置
the Normans诺曼人
conquer vt.占领；征服；控制
battle n.战役；搏斗
vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗
Battle of Hastings 黑斯廷斯战役
make changes进行变更；作出改变
enter into进入；成为……的一部分
[14]There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and
culture of the United Kingdom.[15]Studying the history of the country
will make your visit much more enjoyable .The capital city London is a
great place to start， [16]as it is an ancient port city that has a history
dating all the way back to Roman times .There are countless historic
sites to explore， and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the
UK .The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture， with
both new and old traditions.If you keep your eyes open ， you will be
surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
　　[14]此处是“there be＋主语＋to do”结构，动词不定式表示动
作尚未发生。
[15]Studying the history of the country是动词-ing短语作主语；
make your visit much more enjoyable为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
（形容词）”结构。
[16]as在句中引导原因状语从句；that has a history ...是关系代
词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词an ancient port city； dating all the
way back to Roman times是动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰a history。
port n.港口（城市）
date back to＝date from追溯至
all the way一直
all over the UK全英国
all over China全中国
fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的
keep your eyes open （for）留心；留意
be surprised to do sth很惊奇地做某事
【参考译文】　
名为何物？
联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——这些不同的名称是何意
思，许多人感到困惑。那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？
稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后，苏格兰在十八
世纪也加入进来，从而诞生了大不列颠王国。十九世纪时，爱尔兰王
国加入，组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在二十世纪时，
爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北
爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用简称：“联合王国。”来自联合
王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或
大不列颠。
同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。像拥有同样
的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，联合王国国旗。然而，
它们之间仍有诸多区别。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰及北爱尔兰
实行不同的教育和法律制度。它们也有各自的传统，比如有自己的国
庆节和本国菜肴。它们甚至拥有自己的足球队，出征诸如“世界杯”
之类的赛事！
英国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索，帮助你更加深入
地了解这一国家及其传统。英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时
期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可
见。第一族群是古罗马人，于公元一世纪进入英国。他们的一些伟大
成就包括建立了城镇、修建了道路。之后是盎格鲁—撒克逊人，于公
元五世纪到达英国，他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋
的方式。维京人于公元八世纪到来，留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国
境内的许多地方命名。最后一个族群是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯
廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰，四处修建城堡，并改革了法律
制度。诺曼人即为法国人，许多法语单词因此慢慢进入了英语。
英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。学习这个国
家的历史，你的英国之旅将更为愉快。以首都伦敦为第一站，是
个不错的选择。伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到
罗马时代。市内可供游览的历史遗址数不胜数，还有许多博物馆
陈列着来自英国各地的文物。在英国，历史与现代文化交融，新
旧传统并存，引人入胜。用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展
示在你面前，令你叹为观止。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1. Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A. The four countries of the UK.
Para.2 B. How the UK came into being.
Para.3 C. The four groups of people in the history.
Para.4 D. Introduce the topic to the readers.
Para.5 E. The history and modern culture make the UK fascinating.
答案：Paras.1－5　DBACE
2. What’s the main idea of the passage？
The passage is mainly about .
the history of the United Kingdom　
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1. What can help us find out the difference between some different names
of the UK？（　　）
A. British languages. B. British history.
C. British culture. D. British education.
2. What is different in the four countries of the UK？（　　）
A. The flag.
B. The currency.
C. The military defence.
D. The education system.
3. Which is the right order of the following events？（　　）
①Scotland was joined to England.
②The Kingdom of Ireland was added.
③Wales was joined to England.
④The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland came into
being.
⑤The southern part of Ireland broke away.
A. ①③②⑤④ B. ③②①⑤④
C. ①③⑤②④ D. ③①②⑤④
4. What’s the author’s attitude towards studying history？（　　）
A. Uncertain. B. Negative.
C. Supportive. D. Doubtful.
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the mood.






　（1） ...many people are confused by what these different names
mean.　
　（2）Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you
solve this puzzle.　
　（3）If you keep your eyes open， you will be surprised to find that
you can see both its past and its present.　
第四步：抒己见提升思维
1. What do you like about the UK？








　Speaking of the UK， I will think of many things， such as its
diverse culture， its beautiful landscapes， and its iconic landmarks.
The UK is also renowned for its educational institutions， particularly
the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. Additionally， the UK has a
rich history， with many fascinating stories and characters， from
William Shakespeare to Winston Churchill. Finally， the UK has a
vibrant arts and music scene， with many talented artists and musicians
calling the UK home.　
2. What are the benefits of studying history？






　There are many benefits of studying history. For one thing， it helps
us understand the present. Studying history can help us to better
understand contemporary issues by providing context and insights into
why things are the way they are today. For another， it offers insights
into the future.Studying history can also provide insights into potential
future trends and events based on past experiences and patterns.　
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1. People from the UK are called “British”， which means the UK is
also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
句式分析
自主翻译

来自联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合
王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。　
2. The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore，
which can help you understand much more about the country and its
traditions.
句式分析
自主翻译

英国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索，帮助
你更加深入地了解这一国家及其传统。　
3. Almost everywhere you go in the UK， you will be surrounded by
evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different
times throughout history.
句式分析
自主翻译

英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个
国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。　
4. The capital city London is a great place to start， as it is an ancient port
city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.
句式分析
自主翻译

以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是一个
古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
核心词汇集释
puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑
【教材原句】　Getting to know a little bit about British history will help
you solve this puzzle.
稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
【用法】
（1）be a puzzle to sb　　 对某人来说是个谜
（2）puzzle （oneself/sb） about/over 苦苦思索，绞尽脑汁
（3）puzzled adj. 困惑的；迷惑不解的
puzzling adj. 令人困惑的，令人迷惑的
puzzlement n. 困惑；迷惘
【佳句】　Hearing that you are puzzled about how to adapt to the new
environment， I’m writing to give you some tips. （建议信）
得知你对于如何适应新环境感到困惑，我写信给你一些建议。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①When the little girl was asked such a question， she stood
there with a look on her face.（puzzle）
②These scientists have been puzzled how to solve the
environmental problem.
③The reason for his giving in to the difficulty is still a puzzle me.
puzzling　
puzzled　
about/over　
to　
【写美】　完成句子
④ . Could you be kind
enough to offer me some tips？
关于如何与他相处使我感到困惑，请您给我一些建议好吗？
What puzzles me is how to get along with him　
break away （from sb/sth）脱离；背叛；逃脱
【教材原句】　Finally， in the 20th century， the southern part of
Ireland broke away from the UK， which resulted in the full name we
have today： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英
国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
【用法】
break down 损坏；发生故障；分解；累垮
break into 闯入；破门而入
break out （战争）爆发；（火灾）突然发生
break up 结束；破裂
【佳句】　 One of the things I love about travel is the chance to break
away from daily routines and form some new ones.关于旅游我喜爱的一
点就是我有机会去打破常规生活，并且养成一些新的生活习惯。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Learning that my partner’s health broke ， I was so anxious
that tears rolled down my face.
②A fire broke last night and three people were killed.
down　
out　
【写美】　完成句子
③She is trying to ，which makes her
parents very happy.
她正努力改掉坏习惯，这使她的父母很高兴。
break away from the bad habits　
belong to属于
【教材原句】　The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom
work together in some areas.
同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。
【用法】
（1）belong vi. 应在（某处）；适应
（2）belongings n. 财物；财产
personal belongings 个人财物
（3）a sense of belonging 归属感
【佳句】　As is known to all， language is a gift that belongs to
humans.
众所周知，语言是人类的天赋。
【点津】　（1）belong to不用于进行时与被动语态。
（2）belong to的动词-ing形式可作后置定语。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①As is known to all， China is a country （belong） to
the third world.
belonging　
【写美】　一句多译
②剪纸属于中国传统艺术，已有1，500多年的历史。
→Paper-cutting has a history
of over 1，500 years.（定语从句）
→Paper-cutting has a history of
over 1，500 years.（动词-ing短语作后置定语）
which belongs to traditional Chinese art　
belonging to traditional Chinese art　
as well as 同（一样也）；和；还；和……一样好
【教材原句】　They use the same flag， known as the Union Jack， as
well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币
和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，联合王国国旗。
【用法】
（1）as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语与as well as之前的主语在人
称和数上保持一致。
（2）as well意为“也；又”，常放在句尾，相当于too。
【佳句】　①As we all know， travelling is of great benefit to our body
as well as our mind.
众所周知，旅行对我们的身心都有很大的好处。
②She is not only a talented singer but also a skilled dancer as well.
她不仅是一个有才华的歌手，也是一个熟练的舞者。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I， as well as my friends， （be） keen on the contest to be
held at 8 a.m. next Saturday in the lecture hall.
②I have the ability to organise various activities， and I am good at
communicating with others well.
am　
as　
【写美】　完成句子
③It’s well known that China is rich in culture
.
众所周知，中国有丰富的文化和自然资源。
as well as natural
resources　
surround vt.围绕；包围
【教材原句】　Almost everywhere you go in the UK， you will be
surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over
at different times throughout history.
英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身
处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。
【用法】
（1）surround ...with ... 以……包围……
be surrounded by/with ... 被……环绕/包围
（2）surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的
surroundings n. 环境（复数）
【佳句】　①If you are surrounded with positive people， you are
likely to get positive energy from them.
如果你周围都是积极的人，你可能会从他们身上获得正能量。
②Animals in zoos are eager to live in their natural surroundings because
a zoo takes away their freedom.
动物园里的动物渴望生活在自然环境中，因为动物园剥夺了它们
的自由。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①When he woke up， he found himself （surround） by
a group of children.
②Living in beautiful and comfortable （surround），
we feel very happy.
③The （surround） villages are bathed in fascinating
moonlight， which almost takes our breath away. （读后续写之环境
描写）
surrounded　
surroundings　
surrounding　
【写美】　完成句子
④The small town green mountains and clear
rivers， attracting visitors from all over the world.这个小城镇被青山绿
水所环绕，吸引着来自世界各地的游客。
is surrounded by　
evidence n.证据；证明
【用法】
（1）There is some evidence that ...
　　　　　　　　　　 有证据证明……
（2） evident adj. 明显的，明白的
It is evident that ... 显然（很明显）……
【佳句】　There is now clear evidence that these chemicals are
damaging the environment.
现在有明确的证据表明这些化学物质正在破坏环境。
【写美】　完成句子
① smoking can lead to lung cancer.
有证据证明吸烟会导致肺癌。
② the activity was well organised and went on
successfully.
很明显，这次活动组织得很好，进行得很成功。
There is some evidence that　
It was evident that　
重点句型解构
句型公式：if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式
【教材原句】　So what is the difference between them， if any？
那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？
【用法】
if any 如果有的话
if so 如果是这样的话
if not 如果不这样的话；如果没有
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果有可能的话
【品悟】　You can write down some of your achievements in this field，
if any.
如果有的话，你可以把你在这个领域的一些成就写下来。
【写美】　完成句子/句型转换
① ， I wonder if you could take the trouble to send me my
wallet.
如果是这样的话，我想知道是否可以麻烦你把我的钱包寄给我。
②If it is necessary，our school will provide the students with the language
training courses.
→ ， our school will provide the students with the
language training courses.
If so　
If necessary　
句型公式：have sth done 让某事被做
【教材原句】　They had castles built all around England， and made
changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
【用法】
have sb/sth doing sth 让某人/某事持续做某事
have sb do sth 让某人做某事
have sth to do 有某事要做
【品悟】　①We were all surprised to see that he had his yard
surrounded with many beautiful flowers.
看到他的院子被许多美丽的鲜花环绕，我们都感到很惊讶。
②The teacher has the students practicing their multiplication tables
every day.
老师让学生们每天练习乘法表。
【写美】　完成句子
①Actually， I really hope to and make
some English friends.
事实上，我真希望提高我的英语，并结交一些英国的朋友。
②I on Friday， so I can’t keep
you company.
星期五我有个重要的事情要处理，所以不能陪你了。
③There is no need to worry. I will at the
airport.
没有必要担心。我会让汤姆去机场接你。
have my English improved　
have an important thing to deal with　
have Tom pick you up　
句型公式：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
【教材原句】　Studying the history of the country will make your visit
much more enjoyable.
学习这个国家的历史，你的英国之旅将更为愉快。
【用法】
（1）“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中的宾语补足语可以是名
词、形容词、过去分词、介词短语、省略to的动词不定式（被动
语态中to不能省略）。
（2）当宾语是动词不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语。
【品悟】　Telling your parents how you feel will make them
know you better.
告诉你的父母你的感受会使他们更好地了解你。
【写美】　完成句子
①In addition， I can speak English so fluently that I can
.
此外，我可以说流利的英语，这样能使别人理解我的意思。
②Only with joint efforts can we .
只有通过我们的共同努力，才能使我们的生活更加美好。
make myself
understood　
make our lives better　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. The poet was s by a crowd of people eager to hear his
speech.
2. As is known to all， China has made great a during the
past decades.
3. We must take measures to stop it and fight a b against all kinds of
pollution.
urrounded　
chievements　
attle　
4. Industry and opportunity were the （最重要的） factors in
his success.
5. We just want to find a （附近的） and beautiful place to
walk or talk with friends， relaxing ourselves.
6. The （位置） of the club is not far from your apartment
and the fee is 500 yuan.
chief　
nearby　
location　
维度二：单句语法填空
1. When I was walking on the street， I saw two travellers were reading a
map， looking （puzzle）.
2. The teacher， as well as his students， （sing） a
song when I passed the classroom.
3. Some famous performers will join in the performance， which will
surely make the audience （excite）.
4. I’m such a sports lover that I always feel
（fascinate） by sports events.
puzzled　
was singing　
excited　
fascinated　
5. （surround） by the sea on three sides， modern
Qingdao is considered one of the most livable cities in China.
6. Let’s keep to the subject， or you will get me
（confuse）.
Surrounded　
confused　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. （有许多证据） overuse of social
media is harmful to our mental health.
2. （保持环境干净） is the key step
to make us healthy.
3. We can provide you with free food and accommodation，
（如果有必要的话）.
4. We are glad to know that our hometown
（将与大城市连接起来） through a high-speed railway.
There is a lot of evidence that　
Keeping the environment clean　
if
necessary　
will be joined to the big
cities　
维度四：课文语法填空
Many people are confused about the 1. （mean） of the
names： the United Kingdom， Great Britain， Britain and
England.2. （solve） this puzzle， knowing a little bit
about British history will help.
meaning　
To solve　
In the 16th century， the nearby country of Wales 3.
（join） to the Kingdom of England， followed by the country Scotland
in the 18th century. In the 19th century， the Kingdom of Ireland was
added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
4. （final）， in the 20th century， the southern part of
Ireland broke away 5. the UK， resulting in the full name we
have today：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the
UK are called “British”， 6. means the UK is also often
referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
was joined　
Finally　
from　
which　
Even though the four countries which 7. （belong） to
the United Kingdom work together in some areas， such as using the same flag， sharing the same currency and military 8.
（defend）， they also have some differences. Anyhow， the United
Kingdom has 9. long and interesting history to explore， which can help you understand much more about the country and 10. （it） traditions.
belong　
defence　
a　
its　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·兰州高一下学期质检）For generations， many colleges and
universities in the United States have offered classes in a lot of different
subjects.But a new study suggests the current generation of college
students may not value liberal arts study programs as much as earlier
generations.It found many current students want programs that directly
connect to specific career paths.
In November 2019， the social research company Gallup and the
Strada Education Network reported on an opinion study of 340，000
Americans.Researchers asked the individuals about their educational
experiences after high school.
Out of those who completed a vocational （职业的） program，
meaning training for a specific job or technical skill， 57 percent strongly
agreed it was worth the cost.However， only 40 percent of people who
completed four-year study programs at a traditional college or university
said the same.
Dave Clayton is a senior vice president with Strada.He said it shows
that Americans want higher education to relate to jobs.In the past， many
Americans thought of higher education as a means， or method， of self-
improvement， Clayton says.
But this questioning of the value of a liberal arts education is nothing
new， notes Timothy Burke.He is a co-director of the Aydelotte
Foundation at Swarthmore College.However， even the biggest
companies today are not just looking for students with one area of
specialization.
In 2010， Steve Jobs， creator of Apple， stated that technology
alone is not enough.“It’s technology married with liberal arts ... that
yields the results that make our hearts sing，” he said.Similarly，
another technology company， Google， listed strong communication and
leadership abilities well above technical skills for its most successful
managers.
Burke suggests the way forward is not necessarily to get liberal arts
educators to change what they are teaching.Instead， they need to change
how they teach by making connections between the material they present
in classes and issues in the real world.That will help students better
understand how they can put what they are learning to use.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。过去，美国大学注重多学科的综合
教育；可是，现在人们越来越关注跟就业相关的理工科而冷落人文
学科。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。过去，美国大学注重多学科的综合
教育；可是，现在人们越来越关注跟就业相关的理工科而冷落人文
学科。
1. What did the study by Gallup and the Strada Education Network find？
（　　）
A. People value liberal arts.
B. People treasure job skills.
C. People ignore vocational training.
D. People focus on book knowledge.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一、三段可知，如今美国人越来越
关注与就业相关的学科和技能。
2. What did many Americans think of higher education in the past？
（　　）
A. It should focus on a special area.
B. It should relate to future careers.
C. It stresses all-round development.
D. It stresses science and engineering.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一、四段可知，过去美国大学重视
多学科的综合教育，很多美国人认为高等教育是一种全面的教育和
综合素质的提升。
3. What’s the author’s purpose of giving the examples of Steve Jobs
and Google？（　　）
A. To prove the value of liberal arts.
B. To show what makes companies great.
C. To show what are important to leaders.
D. To prove the importance of technology.
解析：　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，为了说明文科的价
值，作者列举了乔布斯和微软公司这两个例子。
4. What should liberal arts educators do according to Burke？（　　）
A. Change the teaching contents.
B. Combine teaching with practice.
C. Improve their teaching methods.
D. Focus on students’ future job skills.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Burke认为，面对目
前的形势，文科老师需要做的不是改变授课内容，而是努力将授课
内容与现实生活相结合。
B
　　After Columbus set foot in the “New World” in 1492， many
European countries wanted to rule different parts of North America.Great
Britain， France， and Spain controlled almost the entire continent.
Great Britain had thirteen colonies （殖民地） along the east coast，
where most settlers lived.France — Great Britain’s great rival — had the
largest area of land， north and west of the colonies.But not many settlers
lived there.Same with Spain — it had a bigger chunk of land than Great
Britain but with far fewer people.
In 1754， Great Britain tried to grab more of North America by
invading lands controlled by the French.This led to a war known as the
French and Indian War.
A young man named George Washington served in the British army，
fighting against the French.Most American colonists wanted Great Britain
to win the war with France.And， after many years， it did.Great Britain
doubled the area of land it controlled.During the war， many British
soldiers were sent to America to fight.That had been very costly.King
George Ⅲ had to borrow massive amounts of money from other countries.
After winning the war， King George Ⅲ had to pay back what he
owed.In the king’s mind， he had been defending the American colonies
against the French.So he expected the colonies to help with the war
debt.This angered people in America.It wasn’t the colonists’ idea to
start the war.It had been fought because the king wanted more land.So
why should Americans have to pay？ King George Ⅲ didn’t listen to that
argument.The British government — called Parliament — taxed the
American colonists heavily to pay for the war debts.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。自1492年哥伦布发现“新大陆”
后，英国、法国及西班牙等欧洲国家陆续占领美洲大陆。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。自1492年哥伦布发现“新大陆”
后，英国、法国及西班牙等欧洲国家陆续占领美洲大陆。
5. What happened to North America after 1492？（　　）
A. It was controlled by four countries.
B. France controlled the most colonies.
C. Spain controlled the largest area of land.
D. Great Britain controlled the most settlers.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，英国在北美东部沿海有
13个殖民地，绝大部分北美人都生活在这里。法国和西班牙所占
面积都很大，但是人口稀少。
6. Why did the French and Indian War break out？（　　）
A. France wanted more land.
B. Great Britain wanted more land.
C. The Indian people wanted freedom.
D. The French people wanted freedom.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，这场战争是英国人发起
的，其目的是夺取更多土地。
7. What’s the result of the French and Indian War？（　　）
A. India lost some land.
B. America got freedom.
C. France won a lot of land.
D. Great Britain fell into debt.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，这场战争英国虽然获
胜，但是从别的国家借了大量的钱。
8. What made people in America angry according to the last paragraph？
（　　）
A. King George Ⅲ’s war debt.
B. King George Ⅲ’s new policies.
C. King George Ⅲ’s raising taxes.
D. King George Ⅲ’s borrowing money.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，为了赔偿战争债务，
英国国王乔治三世向北美人民征收很高的税，这使得当地人民非常
愤怒。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·山西五校高一下学期联考）For more than 2，000 years，
Mencius （also known by his birth name Meng Ke） has been widely
regarded as a principal interpreter of Confucianism and arguably the most
famous Confucian after Confucius himself.9.（　　） His eponymous
book， Mencius， is one of the four classics of the Confucian school.
　　In contrast to the sayings of Confucius， which are often short and
self-contained， the seven chapters of Mencius contain many long
dialogues.10.（　　） His views were respected， but not adopted.
In his old age， he wrote the book Mencius with the help of some of his
disciples.However， as he interpreted Confucius， Mencius also gave
Confucian ideas his own distinctive philosophical stamp.
　11. （　　） Ever since their introduction， Mencius’ beliefs of
innate human goodness， the malleability （可塑性） of human nature，
benevolent government， and the people’s right to revolution have
greatly influenced the politics， ideology， culture and ethics of Chinese
society as well as the evolution of the Chinese nation.
　　First and foremost， Mencius believed that all human beings share an
innate goodness that can be cultivated through education and self-
discipline.He also developed Confucian thinking on benevolence （仁
慈） into the doctrine of the “benevolent government”.12.（　　）
One of his famous sayings was “The people are the most venerable，
next come the gods of land and crops， and the king is the least
important.” This saying contains some democratic spirit.
　　13. （　　） He said that if a ruler became a ruthless tyrant like
King Zhou of the Shang Dynasty （1600 BCE－1046 BCE）， the people
should have the right to overthrow and kill him.
　　In short， Mencius upheld Confucius’ principles and in some ways
developed Confucianism.Many later rulers and scholars respected him and
called him the “Second Sage”， second only to Confucius.
A. He introduced the “people first” concept.
B. He was also a great thinker and educator.
C. But Mencius was also in favour of the right of revolution.
D. His mother played a great role in his education and growth.
E. Mencius’ thoughts have a far-reaching influence on the Chinese
people.
F. He held that only those who are morally good can be good rulers or
officials.
G. And they are usually between Mencius and rulers of various states he
had visited.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了我国战国时期儒家
思想代表人物之一——被称为“亚圣”的孟子。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了我国战国时期儒家
思想代表人物之一——被称为“亚圣”的孟子。
9. B　本段是对孟子的简要介绍，B项说明孟子的身份，符合语境。
10. G　上句提到《孟子》七章中的“长对话”，G项正好是对这些对
话的进一步说明，G项中的they指代上文的long dialogues。
11. E　本段主要说明孟子思想对中国人产生的巨大影响，E项正好适
合作为本段的主题句。
12. A　上句提到孟子所主张的“仁政”，下句引用孟子的话强调
“民贵君轻”思想，因此A项（他提出了“以人为本”的理念）符合
语境。
13. C　根据下文可知，孟子认为：当一位统治者像商纣王一样残暴
无道时，人民可以推翻并杀掉他。故C项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
There are quite a few things that make the city of Wuhan so special
and appealing.And Yellow Crane Tower — the city’s landmark，
is 　14　 on the list.
　　The history of the Yellow Crane Tower 　15　 to the Three
Kingdoms period in Chinese history.Initially 　16　 in 223 CE， the
tower served the military 　17　 as a watchtower at the beginning.
　　In the following centuries， it repeatedly 　18　 both destruction and
reconstruction.Especially during the Ming and Qing Dynasties， it
was 　19　 seven times.Yet， each time， it was brought back to 　20　
again.
　　Unfortunately， a fire in 1884 　21　 ruined the building.It was not
until 1981 that the tower was once again rebuilt， which took four
years.The tower we see today is 　22　 on the one designed during the
Qing Dynasty.
　　The National 5A Scenic Spot Yellow Crane Tower often 　23　 in
ancient Chinese literary works and was one of the Four Great Towers in
China.The 　24　 why Yellow Crane Tower is so well-known and 　25　
has a lot to do with a widespread poem written by Chinese poet Cui Hao in the Tang Dynasty.Titled Yellow Crane Tower， the poem swiftly made the tower widely 　26　 across the nation.
　　Wuhan’s rich history is embodied in the Yellow Crane Tower， a
must-visit spot in Wuhan.The cultural landmark has five floors， each
with 　27　 layout， decorations， and displays.Visitors on the top floor
can have an unobstructed 360-degree 　28　 of the city and the Yangtze
River.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。黄鹤楼为武汉市的地标性建筑，因
唐朝诗人崔颢登楼所题《黄鹤楼》一诗而名扬四海。它是中国古代
四大名楼之一，世称“天下江山第一楼”。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。黄鹤楼为武汉市的地标性建筑，因
唐朝诗人崔颢登楼所题《黄鹤楼》一诗而名扬四海。它是中国古代
四大名楼之一，世称“天下江山第一楼”。
14. A. basically B. normally
C. definitely D. casually
解析：　有很多事物使武汉市独具魅力，黄鹤楼作为武汉的地
标性建筑，绝对名列其中。definitely确定地，一定地。
15. A. looks over B. takes after
C. dates back D. turns down
解析：　黄鹤楼的历史可以追溯到三国时期。date back追溯到。
16. A. built B. found
C. created D. reflected
解析：　黄鹤楼最初建于公元223年。
17. A. position B. purpose
C. subject D. aspect
解析：　黄鹤楼最初是用作军事目的的瞭望塔。serve a/the
purpose是固定表达。
18. A. noticed B. felt
C. observed D. saw
解析：　在接下来的几个世纪里，它经历了多次破坏和重建。
saw表示“经历”。
19. A. destroyed B. changed
C. protected D. influenced
解析：　根据上文中的both destruction and reconstruction可知，
黄鹤楼在明朝和清朝被毁掉七次。
20. A. life B. dream C. energy D. stage
解析：　然而，每一次，它都浴火重生。bring back to life表示
“复活”。
21. A. occasionally B. effectively
C. completely D. gradually
解析：　不幸的是，1884年的一场大火完全/彻底摧毁了这个
建筑。
22. A. designed B. imitated
C. based D. focused
解析：　直到1981年，黄鹤楼才再次被重建，耗时4年。我们今
天看到的黄鹤楼是在清朝设计的基础上建造的。be based on表示
“以……为基础”。
23. A. reflected B. appeared
C. exposed D. proposed
解析：　国家5A级风景名胜区黄鹤楼经常出现在中国古代文学
作品中。
24. A. belief B. theory
C. theme D. reason
解析：　黄鹤楼之所以如此著名和重要，与唐朝诗人崔颢写的
一首广为流传的诗有很大关系。why一词暗示前面应填先行词
reason。
25. A. expensive B. significant
C. interesting D. stable
解析：　上文多次强调了黄鹤楼的地位，说明它是重要的。
26. A. achieved B. identified
C. discovered D. recognised
解析：　崔颢的《黄鹤楼》一诗使得黄鹤楼在全国范围内得到
人们的广泛认可。
27. A. unique B. regular
C. flexible D. temporary
解析：　黄鹤楼共有五层，每一层都有独特的布局、装饰和
展示。
28. A. sight B. view C. scene D. feast
解析：　游客在黄鹤楼顶楼可以360度一览无余地欣赏武汉市和
长江的风景。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　（2024·无锡高一下学期期末）Many people go to Beijing’s
traditional temple fairs during the Spring Festival for ritual praying，
entertainment， snacks， and buying crafts.It is a great opportunity
29. 　　　　　　 （experience） local culture and traditions.
　　Temple fairs in Old Beijing were 30. 　　　　　　 （regular） held
around large and well-known temples， which had their particular flavours
and styles.Visiting temple fairs was a major pastime in the lives of Beijing
residents.
　　According to 1930 statistics， there 31. 　　　　　　　 （be） 20
temples， 16 in the suburbs and 2 in
downtown area.The most famous temple fairs were the White Pagoda
Temple Fair， Huguo Temple Fair and Longfu Temple Fair.
　　Temple fairs were entertainment venues for ordinary people，
therefore， everything in them was closely related 32. 　　　　　　
daily life.Yet temple fairs also stood out beyond everyday life， thus
33. 　　　　　　 （give） both physical and spiritual pleasure to
visitors， be they male or female， young or old.
　　Traditional Beijing temple fairs are a type of folk activity along with
Beijing leisure culture.Family members， especially the kids are excited
to play various games 34. 　　　　　　 （offer） in temple fairs and
watch folk performances.The reason 35. 　　　　　　 Beijing temple
fairs have been passed on is that they adapt to the needs of society.The
initial formation and development of temple fairs is about the religious
36. 　　　　　　 （activity） inside the temples.Over time， temple
fairs 37. 　　　　　　 （become） the main markets for people， which
are mainly to meet the needs of 38. 　　　　　　 general public.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了北京庙会这一中国
传统民俗文化活动。
29. to experience　考查非谓语动词。opportunity to do sth是固定用
法，表示“做某事的机会”，动词不定式短语作后置定语。
30. regularly　考查词形转换。本空后面是谓语动词held，因此这里应
用一个副词来修饰它。
31. were　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本空后面是复数形式20
temples且陈述过去的事实，因此用were。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了北京庙会这一中国
传统民俗文化活动。
32. to　考查介词。be related to是固定短语，表示“与……有关
系”。
33. giving　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，逗号后面部分是
状语，且本句主语temple fairs与动词give之间是主动关系，因此应用
动词-ing形式。
34. offered　考查非谓语动词。这里名词games与动词offer之间是被动
关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语。
35. why　考查定语从句。本空前面的The reason是一个先行词，这里
由关系副词why引导一个定语从句，why在从句中作状语。
36. activities　考查名词复数。根据语境可知，这里应该指“各种宗
教活动”，因此用可数名词activity的复数形式。
37. have become　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句时间状语为Over
time，表示“随着时间的推移和延续”，应用现在完成时。
38. the　考查冠词。the （general） public是固定用法，表示“大众”。
谢谢观看！Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
维度一：品句填词
1.The poet was s　　　　　　 by a crowd of people eager to hear his speech.
2.As is known to all， China has made great a　　　　　　 during the past decades.
3.We must take measures to stop it and fight a b　　　　　　 against all kinds of pollution.
4.Industry and opportunity were the 　　　　　　（最重要的） factors in his success.
5.We just want to find a 　　　　　　（附近的） and beautiful place to walk or talk with friends， relaxing ourselves.
6.The 　　　　　　（位置） of the club is not far from your apartment and the fee is 500 yuan.
维度二：单句语法填空
1.When I was walking on the street， I saw two travellers were reading a map， looking 　　　　　　（puzzle）.
2.The teacher， as well as his students， 　　　　　　（sing） a song when I passed the classroom.
3.Some famous performers will join in the performance， which will surely make the audience 　　　　　　（excite）.
4.I’m such a sports lover that I always feel 　　　　　　（fascinate） by sports events.
5.　　　　　　 （surround） by the sea on three sides， modern Qingdao is considered one of the most livable cities in China.
6.Let’s keep to the subject， or you will get me 　　　　　　（confuse）.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （有许多证据） overuse of social media is harmful to our mental health.
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （保持环境干净） is the key step to make us healthy.
3.We can provide you with free food and accommodation， 　　　　（如果有必要的话）.
4.We are glad to know that our hometown 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（将与大城市连接起来） through a high-speed railway.
维度四：课文语法填空
Many people are confused about the 1.　　　　　　 （mean） of the names： the United Kingdom， Great Britain， Britain and England.2.　　　　　　 （solve） this puzzle， knowing a little bit about British history will help.
In the 16th century， the nearby country of Wales 3.　　　　　　　　 （join） to the Kingdom of England， followed by the country Scotland in the 18th century. In the 19th century， the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 4.　　　　　　 （final）， in the 20th century， the southern part of Ireland broke away 5.　　　　　　 the UK， resulting in the full name we have today：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”， 6.　　　　　　 means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
Even though the four countries which 7.　　　　 （belong） to the United Kingdom work together in some areas， such as using the same flag， sharing the same currency and military 8.　　　　　　 （defend）， they also have some differences. Anyhow， the United Kingdom has 9.　　　　　 long and interesting history to explore， which can help you understand much more about the country and 10.　　　　　 （it） traditions.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·兰州高一下学期质检）For generations， many colleges and universities in the United States have offered classes in a lot of different subjects.But a new study suggests the current generation of college students may not value liberal arts study programs as much as earlier generations.It found many current students want programs that directly connect to specific career paths.
In November 2019， the social research company Gallup and the Strada Education Network reported on an opinion study of 340，000 Americans.Researchers asked the individuals about their educational experiences after high school.
Out of those who completed a vocational （职业的） program， meaning training for a specific job or technical skill， 57 percent strongly agreed it was worth the cost.However， only 40 percent of people who completed four-year study programs at a traditional college or university said the same.
Dave Clayton is a senior vice president with Strada.He said it shows that Americans want higher education to relate to jobs.In the past， many Americans thought of higher education as a means， or method， of self-improvement， Clayton says.
But this questioning of the value of a liberal arts education is nothing new， notes Timothy Burke.He is a co-director of the Aydelotte Foundation at Swarthmore College.However， even the biggest companies today are not just looking for students with one area of specialization.
In 2010， Steve Jobs， creator of Apple， stated that technology alone is not enough.“It’s technology married with liberal arts ... that yields the results that make our hearts sing，” he said.Similarly， another technology company， Google， listed strong communication and leadership abilities well above technical skills for its most successful managers.
Burke suggests the way forward is not necessarily to get liberal arts educators to change what they are teaching.Instead， they need to change how they teach by making connections between the material they present in classes and issues in the real world.That will help students better understand how they can put what they are learning to use.
1.What did the study by Gallup and the Strada Education Network find？（　　）
A.People value liberal arts. B.People treasure job skills.
C.People ignore vocational training. D.People focus on book knowledge.
2.What did many Americans think of higher education in the past？（　　）
A.It should focus on a special area. B.It should relate to future careers.
C.It stresses all-round development. D.It stresses science and engineering.
3.What’s the author’s purpose of giving the examples of Steve Jobs and Google？（　　）
A.To prove the value of liberal arts. B.To show what makes companies great.
C.To show what are important to leaders. D.To prove the importance of technology.
4.What should liberal arts educators do according to Burke？（　　）
A.Change the teaching contents. B.Combine teaching with practice.
C.Improve their teaching methods. D.Focus on students’ future job skills.
B
　　After Columbus set foot in the “New World” in 1492， many European countries wanted to rule different parts of North America.Great Britain， France， and Spain controlled almost the entire continent.
Great Britain had thirteen colonies （殖民地） along the east coast， where most settlers lived.France — Great Britain’s great rival — had the largest area of land， north and west of the colonies.But not many settlers lived there.Same with Spain — it had a bigger chunk of land than Great Britain but with far fewer people.
In 1754， Great Britain tried to grab more of North America by invading lands controlled by the French.This led to a war known as the French and Indian War.
A young man named George Washington served in the British army， fighting against the French.Most American colonists wanted Great Britain to win the war with France.And， after many years， it did.Great Britain doubled the area of land it controlled.During the war， many British soldiers were sent to America to fight.That had been very costly.King George Ⅲ had to borrow massive amounts of money from other countries.
After winning the war， King George Ⅲ had to pay back what he owed.In the king’s mind， he had been defending the American colonies against the French.So he expected the colonies to help with the war debt.This angered people in America.It wasn’t the colonists’ idea to start the war.It had been fought because the king wanted more land.So why should Americans have to pay？ King George Ⅲ didn’t listen to that argument.The British government — called Parliament — taxed the American colonists heavily to pay for the war debts.
5.What happened to North America after 1492？（　　）
A.It was controlled by four countries.
B.France controlled the most colonies.
C.Spain controlled the largest area of land.
D.Great Britain controlled the most settlers.
6.Why did the French and Indian War break out？（　　）
A.France wanted more land.
B.Great Britain wanted more land.
C.The Indian people wanted freedom.
D.The French people wanted freedom.
7.What’s the result of the French and Indian War？（　　）
A.India lost some land.
B.America got freedom.
C.France won a lot of land.
D.Great Britain fell into debt.
8.What made people in America angry according to the last paragraph？（　　）
A.King George Ⅲ’s war debt.
B.King George Ⅲ’s new policies.
C.King George Ⅲ’s raising taxes.
D.King George Ⅲ’s borrowing money.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·山西五校高一下学期联考）For more than 2，000 years， Mencius （also known by his birth name Meng Ke） has been widely regarded as a principal interpreter of Confucianism and arguably the most famous Confucian after Confucius himself.9.（　　） His eponymous book， Mencius， is one of the four classics of the Confucian school.
　　In contrast to the sayings of Confucius， which are often short and self-contained， the seven chapters of Mencius contain many long dialogues.10.（　　） His views were respected， but not adopted.In his old age， he wrote the book Mencius with the help of some of his disciples.However， as he interpreted Confucius， Mencius also gave Confucian ideas his own distinctive philosophical stamp.
　　11.（　　） Ever since their introduction， Mencius’ beliefs of innate human goodness， the malleability （可塑性） of human nature， benevolent government， and the people’s right to revolution have greatly influenced the politics， ideology， culture and ethics of Chinese society as well as the evolution of the Chinese nation.
　　First and foremost， Mencius believed that all human beings share an innate goodness that can be cultivated through education and self-discipline.He also developed Confucian thinking on benevolence （仁慈） into the doctrine of the “benevolent government”.12.（　　） One of his famous sayings was “The people are the most venerable， next come the gods of land and crops， and the king is the least important.” This saying contains some democratic spirit.
　　13.（　　） He said that if a ruler became a ruthless tyrant like King Zhou of the Shang Dynasty （1600 BCE－1046 BCE）， the people should have the right to overthrow and kill him.
　　In short， Mencius upheld Confucius’ principles and in some ways developed Confucianism.Many later rulers and scholars respected him and called him the “Second Sage”， second only to Confucius.
A.He introduced the “people first” concept.
B.He was also a great thinker and educator.
C.But Mencius was also in favour of the right of revolution.
D.His mother played a great role in his education and growth.
E.Mencius’ thoughts have a far-reaching influence on the Chinese people.
F.He held that only those who are morally good can be good rulers or officials.
G.And they are usually between Mencius and rulers of various states he had visited.
Ⅲ.完形填空
There are quite a few things that make the city of Wuhan so special and appealing.And Yellow Crane Tower — the city’s landmark， is 　14　 on the list.
　　The history of the Yellow Crane Tower 　15　 to the Three Kingdoms period in Chinese history.Initially 　16　 in 223 CE， the tower served the military 　17　 as a watchtower at the beginning.
　　In the following centuries， it repeatedly 　18　 both destruction and reconstruction.Especially during the Ming and Qing Dynasties， it was 　19　 seven times.Yet， each time， it was brought back to 　20　 again.
　　Unfortunately， a fire in 1884 　21　 ruined the building.It was not until 1981 that the tower was once again rebuilt， which took four years.The tower we see today is 　22　 on the one designed during the Qing Dynasty.
　　The National 5A Scenic Spot Yellow Crane Tower often 　23　 in ancient Chinese literary works and was one of the Four Great Towers in China.The 　24　 why Yellow Crane Tower is so well-known and 　25　 has a lot to do with a widespread poem written by Chinese poet Cui Hao in the Tang Dynasty.Titled Yellow Crane Tower， the poem swiftly made the tower widely 　26　 across the nation.
　　Wuhan’s rich history is embodied in the Yellow Crane Tower， a must-visit spot in Wuhan.The cultural landmark has five floors， each with 　27　 layout， decorations， and displays.Visitors on the top floor can have an unobstructed 360-degree 　28　 of the city and the Yangtze River.
14.（　） A.basically　　　　　 B.normally
C.definitely D.casually
15.（　） A.looks over B.takes after
C.dates back D.turns down
16.（　） A.built B.found
C.created D.reflected
17.（　） A.position B.purpose
C.subject D.aspect
18.（　） A.noticed B.felt
C.observed D.saw
19.（　） A.destroyed B.changed
C.protected D.influenced
20.（　） A.life B.dream
C.energy D.stage
21.（　） A.occasionally B.effectively
C.completely D.gradually
22.（　） A.designed B.imitated
C.based D.focused
23.（　） A.reflected B.appeared
C.exposed D.proposed
24.（　） A.belief B.theory
C.theme D.reason
25.（　） A.expensive B.significant
C.interesting D.stable
26.（　） A.achieved B.identified
C.discovered D.recognised
27.（　） A.unique B.regular
C.flexible D.temporary
28.（　） A.sight B.view
C.scene D.feast
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　（2024·无锡高一下学期期末）Many people go to Beijing’s traditional temple fairs during the Spring Festival for ritual praying， entertainment， snacks， and buying crafts.It is a great opportunity 29.　　　 　　（experience） local culture and traditions.
　　Temple fairs in Old Beijing were 30.　　　　 （regular） held around large and well-known temples， which had their particular flavours and styles.Visiting temple fairs was a major pastime in the lives of Beijing residents.
　　According to 1930 statistics， there 31.　　　　　 （be） 20 temples， 16 in the suburbs and 2 in downtown area.The most famous temple fairs were the White Pagoda Temple Fair， Huguo Temple Fair and Longfu Temple Fair.
　　Temple fairs were entertainment venues for ordinary people， therefore， everything in them was closely related 32.　　　　　　 daily life.Yet temple fairs also stood out beyond everyday life， thus 33.　　　　　　 （give） both physical and spiritual pleasure to visitors， be they male or female， young or old.
Traditional Beijing temple fairs are a type of folk activity along with Beijing leisure culture.Family members， especially the kids are excited to play various games 34.　　　　　　 （offer） in temple fairs and watch folk performances.The reason 35.　　　　　　 Beijing temple fairs have been passed on is that they adapt to the needs of society.The initial formation and development of temple fairs is about the religious 36.　　　　　　 （activity） inside the temples.Over time， temple fairs 37.　　　　　　 （become） the main markets for people， which are mainly to meet the needs of 38.　　　　　　 general public.
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
基础知识自测
维度一
1.surrounded　2.achievements　3.battle　4.chief
5.nearby　6.location
维度二
1.puzzled　2.was singing　3.excited　4.fascinated
5.Surrounded　6.confused
维度三
1.There is a lot of evidence that
2.Keeping the environment clean
3.if necessary　4.will be joined to the big cities
维度四
1.meaning　2.To solve　3.was joined　4.Finally　5.from
6.which　7.belong　8.defence　9.a　10.its
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。过去，美国大学注重多学科的综合教育；可是，现在人们越来越关注跟就业相关的理工科而冷落人文学科。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第一、三段可知，如今美国人越来越关注与就业相关的学科和技能。
2.C　细节理解题。根据第一、四段可知，过去美国大学重视多学科的综合教育，很多美国人认为高等教育是一种全面的教育和综合素质的提升。
3.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，为了说明文科的价值，作者列举了乔布斯和微软公司这两个例子。
4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Burke认为，面对目前的形势，文科老师需要做的不是改变授课内容，而是努力将授课内容与现实生活相结合。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。自1492年哥伦布发现“新大陆”后，英国、法国及西班牙等欧洲国家陆续占领美洲大陆。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，英国在北美东部沿海有13个殖民地，绝大部分北美人都生活在这里。法国和西班牙所占面积都很大，但是人口稀少。
6.B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，这场战争是英国人发起的，其目的是夺取更多土地。
7.D　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，这场战争英国虽然获胜，但是从别的国家借了大量的钱。
8.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，为了赔偿战争债务，英国国王乔治三世向北美人民征收很高的税，这使得当地人民非常愤怒。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了我国战国时期儒家思想代表人物之一——被称为“亚圣”的孟子。
9.B　本段是对孟子的简要介绍，B项说明孟子的身份，符合语境。
10.G　上句提到《孟子》七章中的“长对话”，G项正好是对这些对话的进一步说明，G项中的they指代上文的long dialogues。
11.E　本段主要说明孟子思想对中国人产生的巨大影响，E项正好适合作为本段的主题句。
12.A　上句提到孟子所主张的“仁政”，下句引用孟子的话强调“民贵君轻”思想，因此A项（他提出了“以人为本”的理念）符合语境。
13.C　根据下文可知，孟子认为：当一位统治者像商纣王一样残暴无道时，人民可以推翻并杀掉他。故C项符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。黄鹤楼为武汉市的地标性建筑，因唐朝诗人崔颢登楼所题《黄鹤楼》一诗而名扬四海。它是中国古代四大名楼之一，世称“天下江山第一楼”。
14.C　有很多事物使武汉市独具魅力，黄鹤楼作为武汉的地标性建筑，绝对名列其中。definitely确定地，一定地。
15.C　黄鹤楼的历史可以追溯到三国时期。date back追溯到。
16.A　黄鹤楼最初建于公元223年。
17.B　黄鹤楼最初是用作军事目的的瞭望塔。serve a/the purpose是固定表达。
18.D　在接下来的几个世纪里，它经历了多次破坏和重建。saw表示“经历”。
19.A　根据上文中的both destruction and reconstruction可知，黄鹤楼在明朝和清朝被毁掉七次。
20.A　然而，每一次，它都浴火重生。bring back to life表示“复活”。
21.C　不幸的是，1884年的一场大火完全/彻底摧毁了这个建筑。
22.C　直到1981年，黄鹤楼才再次被重建，耗时4年。我们今天看到的黄鹤楼是在清朝设计的基础上建造的。be based on表示“以……为基础”。
23.B　国家5A级风景名胜区黄鹤楼经常出现在中国古代文学作品中。
24.D　黄鹤楼之所以如此著名和重要，与唐朝诗人崔颢写的一首广为流传的诗有很大关系。why一词暗示前面应填先行词reason。
25.B　上文多次强调了黄鹤楼的地位，说明它是重要的。
26.D　崔颢的《黄鹤楼》一诗使得黄鹤楼在全国范围内得到人们的广泛认可。
27.A　黄鹤楼共有五层，每一层都有独特的布局、装饰和展示。
28.B　游客在黄鹤楼顶楼可以360度一览无余地欣赏武汉市和长江的风景。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了北京庙会这一中国传统民俗文化活动。
29.to experience　考查非谓语动词。opportunity to do sth是固定用法，表示“做某事的机会”，动词不定式短语作后置定语。
30.regularly　考查词形转换。本空后面是谓语动词held，因此这里应用一个副词来修饰它。
31.were　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本空后面是复数形式20 temples且陈述过去的事实，因此用were。
32.to　考查介词。be related to是固定短语，表示“与……有关系”。
33.giving　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，逗号后面部分是状语，且本句主语temple fairs与动词give之间是主动关系，因此应用动词-ing形式。
34.offered　考查非谓语动词。这里名词games与动词offer之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语。
35.why　考查定语从句。本空前面的The reason是一个先行词，这里由关系副词why引导一个定语从句，why在从句中作状语。
36.activities　考查名词复数。根据语境可知，这里应该指“各种宗教活动”，因此用可数名词activity的复数形式。
37.have become　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句时间状语为Over time，表示“随着时间的推移和延续”，应用现在完成时。
38.the　考查冠词。the （general） public是固定用法，表示“大众”。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
WHAT’S IN A NAME？
　　The United Kingdom， Great Britain， Britain， England — many people are confused by① [1]what these different names mean.So what is the difference between them， if any②？ [2]Getting to know a little bit③ about British history will help you solve this puzzle④.
　　[1]what引导一个宾语从句，在从句中作mean的宾语。
[2]Getting to know ...是动词-ing短语作主语。
In the 16th century， the nearby⑤ country of Wales⑥ was joined to⑦ the Kingdom of England.Later， in the 18th century， the country Scotland⑧ was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century， the Kingdom of Ireland was added⑨ to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Finally， in the 20th century， the southern part of Ireland broke away from⑩ the UK， [3]which resulted in the full name we have today： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
【读文清障】
①be confused by对……感到困惑
②if any如果有什么的话
if so如果这/那样的话
③a little bit一点儿
④puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问
vt.迷惑；使困惑
solve a puzzle解开谜题
puzzling adj.令人困惑的
puzzled adj.感到困惑的
⑤nearby adj.附近的；邻近的
adv.在附近
⑥Wales威尔士（英国）
⑦join ...to ...把……和……连接或联结起来
join sb in doing sth加入某人一起做某事
⑧Scotland苏格兰（英国）
⑨add v.增加，增添
⑩break away （from sb/sth）脱离；背叛；逃脱
result in导致
result from由于
Ireland .Most people just use the shortened name：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.People from the UK are called “British”， [4]which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
　　[3]关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容。其中we have today是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词the full name。
[4]关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容。
The four countries [5]that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas .They use the same flag， [6]known as the Union Jack， as well as share the same currency and military defence .However， they also have some differences.For example， England， Wales， Scotland， and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems.They also have their own traditions， like their own national days and national dishes.And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup！
　　[5]关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词The four countries， that在从句中作主语，不能省略。
[6]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the same flag。
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history [7]to explore， [8]which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.Almost [9] everywhere you go in the UK， you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people [10]who took over at different times throughout history.The first group， [11]the Romans ， came in the first century.Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.Next， the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century.They introduced the beginnings of the English language ， and changed [12]the way people built houses.The Vikings came in the eighth century and left behind lots of new vocabulary， as well as the names of many locations across the UK.The last group were the Normans .They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.They [13]had castles built all around England， and made changes to the legal system.The Normans were French， so many French words slowly entered into the English language.
　　[7]动词不定式作后置定语，修饰history。
[8]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词history，which在从句中作主语。
[9]everywhere意为“处处；到处”，引导地点状语从句。
[10]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词four different groups of people， who在从句中作主语，不能省略。
[11]the Romans作The first group的同位语。
[12]people built houses是省略了关系代词that或in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the way； that或in which在从句中作方式状语。
[13]此处是have sth done结构，表示“让某事被做”。
[14]There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.[15]Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.The capital city London is a great place to start， [16]as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.There are countless historic sites to explore， and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK .The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture， with both new and old traditions.If you keep your eyes open ， you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
　　[14]此处是“there be＋主语＋to do”结构，动词不定式表示动作尚未发生。
[15]Studying the history of the country是动词-ing短语作主语； make your visit much more enjoyable为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语（形容词）”结构。
[16]as在句中引导原因状语从句；that has a history ...是关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词an ancient port city； dating all the way back to Roman times是动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰a history。
Northern Ireland北爱尔兰（英国）
shorten vt.缩短
refer to ...as ...
把……称为……
belong vi.应在（某处）；适应
belong to属于
area n.领域，方面
field n.领域
as well as同（一样也）；和；还
as well as用于连接两个并列成分；连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数和第一个主语一致。
currency n.通货；货币
military adj.军事的；军用的
defence n.防御；保卫
education system教育体制
legal adj.法律的；合法的
surround vt.围绕；包围
be surrounded by ... 被……包围
evidence n.证据；证明
take over接管；掌管
throughout prep.各处；遍及；自始至终
Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的
n.古罗马人；罗马市民
achievement n.成就；成绩；达到
include doing sth包括做某事
Anglo-Saxon盎格鲁—撒克逊人
the English language英语
the Chinese language汉语
Viking n.维京人；北欧海盗
leave behind留下
location n.地方；地点；位置
the Normans诺曼人
conquer vt.占领；征服；控制
battle n.战役；搏斗
vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗
Battle of Hastings 黑斯廷斯战役
make changes进行变更；作出改变
enter into进入；成为……的一部分
port n.港口（城市）
date back to＝date from追溯至
all the way一直
all over the UK全英国
all over China全中国
fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的
keep your eyes open （for）留心；留意
be surprised to do sth很惊奇地做某事
【参考译文】
名为何物？
联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——这些不同的名称是何意思，许多人感到困惑。那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后，苏格兰在十八世纪也加入进来，从而诞生了大不列颠王国。十九世纪时，爱尔兰王国加入，组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用简称：“联合王国。”来自联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。
同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，联合王国国旗。然而，它们之间仍有诸多区别。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰及北爱尔兰实行不同的教育和法律制度。它们也有各自的传统，比如有自己的国庆节和本国菜肴。它们甚至拥有自己的足球队，出征诸如“世界杯”之类的赛事！
　　英国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索，帮助你更加深入地了解这一国家及其传统。英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。第一族群是古罗马人，于公元一世纪进入英国。他们的一些伟大成就包括建立了城镇、修建了道路。之后是盎格鲁—撒克逊人，于公元五世纪到达英国，他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人于公元八世纪到来，留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。最后一个族群是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰，四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。诺曼人即为法国人，许多法语单词因此慢慢进入了英语。
英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。学习这个国家的历史，你的英国之旅将更为愉快。以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。市内可供游览的历史遗址数不胜数，还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的文物。在英国，历史与现代文化交融，新旧传统并存，引人入胜。用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　 A.The four countries of the UK.
Para.2 B.How the UK came into being.
Para.3 C.The four groups of people in the history.
Para.4 D.Introduce the topic to the readers.
Para.5 E.The history and modern culture make the UK fascinating.
2.What’s the main idea of the passage？
The passage is mainly about 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What can help us find out the difference between some different names of the UK？（　　）
A.British languages.　 B.British history.
C.British culture. D.British education.
2.What is different in the four countries of the UK？（　　）
A.The flag.
B.The currency.
C.The military defence.
D.The education system.
3.Which is the right order of the following events？（　　）
①Scotland was joined to England.
②The Kingdom of Ireland was added.
③Wales was joined to England.
④The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland came into being.
⑤The southern part of Ireland broke away.
A.①③②⑤④ B.③②①⑤④
C.①③⑤②④ D.③①②⑤④
4.What’s the author’s attitude towards studying history？（　　）
A.Uncertain. B.Negative.
C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the mood.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：抒己见提升思维
1.What do you like about the UK？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.What are the benefits of studying history？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1.People from the UK are called “British”， which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore， which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.Almost everywhere you go in the UK， you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.The capital city London is a great place to start， as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
核心词汇集释
puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑
【教材原句】　Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
【用法】
（1）be a puzzle to sb　 对某人来说是个谜
（2）puzzle （oneself/sb） about/over
苦苦思索，绞尽脑汁
（3）puzzled adj.　　困惑的；迷惑不解的
puzzling adj. 令人困惑的，令人迷惑的
puzzlement n. 困惑；迷惘
【佳句】　Hearing that you are puzzled about how to adapt to the new environment， I’m writing to give you some tips. （建议信）
得知你对于如何适应新环境感到困惑，我写信给你一些建议。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①When the little girl was asked such a 　　　　　　　question， she stood there with a 　　　　　　look on her face.（puzzle）
②These scientists have been puzzled 　　　　how to solve the environmental problem.
③The reason for his giving in to the difficulty is still a puzzle 　　　　　　me.
【写美】　完成句子
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. Could you be kind enough to offer me some tips？ 关于如何与他相处使我感到困惑，请您给我一些建议好吗？
break away （from sb/sth）脱离；背叛；逃脱
【教材原句】　Finally， in the 20th century， the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK， which resulted in the full name we have today： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
【用法】
break down　　 损坏；发生故障；分解；累垮
break into 闯入；破门而入
break out （战争）爆发；（火灾）突然发生
break up 结束；破裂
【佳句】　 One of the things I love about travel is the chance to break away from daily routines and form some new ones.
关于旅游我喜爱的一点就是我有机会去打破常规生活，并且养成一些新的生活习惯。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Learning that my partner’s health broke 　　　　　　， I was so anxious that tears rolled down my face.
②A fire broke 　　　　　　last night and three people were killed.
【写美】　完成句子
③She is trying to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，which makes her parents very happy.
她正努力改掉坏习惯，这使她的父母很高兴。
belong to属于
【教材原句】　The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。
【用法】
（1）belong vi.　　　　应在（某处）；适应
（2）belongings n. 财物；财产
personal belongings 个人财物
（3）a sense of belonging 归属感
【佳句】　As is known to all， language is a gift that belongs to humans.
众所周知，语言是人类的天赋。
【点津】　（1）belong to不用于进行时与被动语态。
（2）belong to的动词-ing形式可作后置定语。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①As is known to all， China is a country 　　　　　　（belong） to the third world.
【写美】　一句多译
②剪纸属于中国传统艺术，已有1，500多年的历史。
→Paper-cutting 　　　　　　　　　　　　has a history of over 1，500 years.（定语从句）
→Paper-cutting 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　has a history of over 1，500 years.（动词-ing短语作后置定语）
as well as 同（一样也）；和；还；和……一样好
【教材原句】　They use the same flag， known as the Union Jack， as well as share the same currency and military defence.
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，联合王国国旗。
【用法】
（1）as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语与as well as之前的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
（2）as well意为“也；又”，常放在句尾，相当于too。
【佳句】　①As we all know， travelling is of great benefit to our body as well as our mind.众所周知，旅行对我们的身心都有很大的好处。
②She is not only a talented singer but also a skilled dancer as well.她不仅是一个有才华的歌手，也是一个熟练的舞者。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I， as well as my friends， 　　　　　　（be） keen on the contest to be held at 8 a.m. next Saturday in the lecture hall.
②I have the ability to organise various activities， and I am good at communicating with others 　　　　　　well.
【写美】　完成句子
③It’s well known that China is rich in culture 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
众所周知，中国有丰富的文化和自然资源。
surround vt.围绕；包围
【教材原句】　Almost everywhere you go in the UK， you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。
【用法】
（1）surround ...with ...　　 以……包围……
be surrounded by/with ... 被……环绕/包围
（2）surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的
surroundings n. 环境（复数）
【佳句】　①If you are surrounded with positive people， you are likely to get positive energy from them.
如果你周围都是积极的人，你可能会从他们身上获得正能量。
②Animals in zoos are eager to live in their natural surroundings because a zoo takes away their freedom.
动物园里的动物渴望生活在自然环境中，因为动物园剥夺了它们的自由。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①When he woke up， he found himself 　　　　　　（surround） by a group of children.
②Living in beautiful and comfortable 　　　　　　（surround）， we feel very happy.
③The 　　　　　　（surround） villages are bathed in fascinating moonlight， which almost takes our breath away. （读后续写之环境描写）
【写美】　完成句子
④The small town 　　　　　　　　　　　　green mountains and clear rivers， attracting visitors from all over the world.
这个小城镇被青山绿水所环绕，吸引着来自世界各地的游客。
evidence n.证据；证明
【用法】
（1）There is some evidence that ...
　　　　　　　　　　有证据证明……
（2） evident adj. 明显的，明白的
It is evident that ... 显然（很明显）……
【佳句】　There is now clear evidence that these chemicals are damaging the environment.现在有明确的证据表明这些化学物质正在破坏环境。
【写美】　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 smoking can lead to lung cancer.
有证据证明吸烟会导致肺癌。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the activity was well organised and went on successfully.
很明显，这次活动组织得很好，进行得很成功。
重点句型解构
句型公式：if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式
【教材原句】　So what is the difference between them， if any？
那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？
【用法】
if any　　　　　如果有的话
if so 如果是这样的话
if not 如果不这样的话；如果没有
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果有可能的话
【品悟】　You can write down some of your achievements in this field， if any.
如果有的话，你可以把你在这个领域的一些成就写下来。
【写美】　完成句子/句型转换
①　　　　　　， I wonder if you could take the trouble to send me my wallet.
如果是这样的话，我想知道是否可以麻烦你把我的钱包寄给我。
②If it is necessary，our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
→　　　　　　　　　， our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
句型公式：have sth done 让某事被做
【教材原句】　They had castles built all around England， and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
【用法】
have sb/sth doing sth　 让某人/某事持续做某事
have sb do sth 让某人做某事
have sth to do 有某事要做
【品悟】　①We were all surprised to see that he had his yard surrounded with many beautiful flowers.
看到他的院子被许多美丽的鲜花环绕，我们都感到很惊讶。
②The teacher has the students practicing their multiplication tables every day.
老师让学生们每天练习乘法表。
【写美】　完成句子
①Actually， I really hope to 　　　　　　　　　　　　and make some English friends.
事实上，我真希望提高我的英语，并结交一些英国的朋友。
②I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　on Friday， so I can’t keep you company.
星期五我有个重要的事情要处理，所以不能陪你了。
③There is no need to worry. I will 　　　　　　　　　　　　at the airport.
没有必要担心。我会让汤姆去机场接你。
句型公式：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
【教材原句】　Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.
学习这个国家的历史，你的英国之旅将更为愉快。
【用法】
（1）“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中的宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、过去分词、介词短语、省略to的动词不定式（被动语态中to不能省略）。
（2）当宾语是动词不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语。
【品悟】　Telling your parents how you feel will make them know you better.告诉你的父母你的感受会使他们更好地了解你。
【写美】　完成句子
①In addition， I can speak English so fluently that I can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
此外，我可以说流利的英语，这样能使别人理解我的意思。
②Only with joint efforts can we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
只有通过我们的共同努力，才能使我们的生活更加美好。
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.Paras.1－5　DBACE
2.the history of the United Kingdom
第二步
1－4　BDDC
第三步
　（1） ...many people are confused by what these different names mean.
（2）Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
（3）If you keep your eyes open， you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
第四步
1.Speaking of the UK， I will think of many things， such as its diverse culture， its beautiful landscapes， and its iconic landmarks. The UK is also renowned for its educational institutions， particularly the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. Additionally， the UK has a rich history， with many fascinating stories and characters， from William Shakespeare to Winston Churchill. Finally， the UK has a vibrant arts and music scene， with many talented artists and musicians calling the UK home.
2.There are many benefits of studying history. For one thing， it helps us understand the present. Studying history can help us to better understand contemporary issues by providing context and insights into why things are the way they are today. For another， it offers insights into the future.Studying history can also provide insights into potential future trends and events based on past experiences and patterns.
第五步
1.来自联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。
2.英国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索，帮助你更加深入地了解这一国家及其传统。
3.英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。
4.以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①puzzling； puzzled　②about/over　③to
④What puzzles me is how to get along with him
2.①down　②out　③break away from the bad habits
3.①belonging　②which belongs to traditional Chinese art； belonging to traditional Chinese art
4.①am　②as　③as well as natural resources
5.①surrounded　②surroundings　③surrounding
④is surrounded by
6.①There is some evidence that　②It was evident that
重点句型解构
1.①If so　②If necessary
2.①have my English improved　②have an important thing to deal with　③have Tom pick you up
3.①make myself understood　②make our lives better
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