资源简介

(共24张PPT)
单词是基础；语法是主线；记忆和练习是提高英语的唯一方法。
时态和语态
动作时间
动作状态
时态
将来时
过去时
现在时
完成体
进行体
一般体
谓语动词的五种基本形式（以do为例）
1.动词原形
2.动词的第三人称单数形式
3.动词的过去式形式
4.动词的现在分词形式
5.动词的过去分词形式
do
does
did
doing
done
1. 一般现在时
意义：经常发生，普遍存在的行为、动作或状态
构成：be（is/am/are）
实义动词（动词原形、-s/es）
e.g. We plant 300 trees every year.
时间状语：“every+n. often always sometimes”
被动：is/am/are+done
300 trees are planted by us every year.
2. 一般过去时
意义：某一动作发生在过去
构成：be（was/were）
实义动词（规则-ed/d 或 不规则）
e.g. We planted 300 trees last year.
时间状语：yesterday, last month, at the age of 5, just now
被动：was/were+done
300 trees were planted by us last year.
3. 现在进行时
意义：目前、现在、或最近一段时间正在发生的为动作或状态
构成：is/am/are+V-ing
e.g. We are learning English now.
时间状语：now, at the moment, at present, right now, look, listen
被动：be being done
English is being learnt by us now.
4. 过去进行时
意义：在过去的某一具体时间内，某动作正在发生
构成：was/were+V-ing
e.g. I was walking my dog at 8 o’clock last night.
时间状语：at this time yesterday, at 8 last night
被动：was/were being done
My dog was being walked by me at 8 o’clock last night.
5. 一般将来时
意义：某一动作在未来的某个时候发生
构成：will do
be（is/am/are） going to do
e.g. We will take many exams in the next 3 years.
时间状语：after 3 days, in the future, next Monday
被动：will be done
be going to be done
Many exams will be taken by us in the next 3 years.
6. 过去将来时
意义：以过去某一时间为起点，将要发生的行为、动作或状态
构成：would do
was/were going to do
e.g. He would plant 1000 trees in 2028.
时间状语：the following month, the next Friday, the next year
被动：would be done
was/were going to be done
1000 trees would be planted by him in 2028.
He said that he would plant 1000 trees in 2028.
7. 现在完成时
意义：过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响
构成：have/has done
e.g. We have learnt 300 words in the last 10 days.
时间状语：already, ever, never, just, yet, so far, recently, lately, up to now, until now, since, for, over/in/during the last/past years
被动：have/has been done
300 words have been learnt by us in the last 10 days.
8. 过去完成时
意义：某一动作发生在过去的过去
构成：had done
e.g. He had planted 300 trees.
时间状语：3 days earlier/before, by the end of +过去时间
被动：had been done
300 trees had been planted by him.
He said that he had planted 300 trees.
情态动词的被动语态
构成：情态动词+动词原形
e.g. I can see a red flag over the blackboard.
被动：情态动词+be done
A red flag can be seen by me over the blackboard.
[系统归纳]
时态 现在完成时 过去完成时
谓语形式 have/has done had done
用法 ①到现在为止已发生或完成且对现在有影响 ②从过去某一时刻一直延续到现在 ③用于特定句型中，如It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since 从句 This (That/It) is the first (second...) time that + 主语 + 现在完成时 ①到过去某一时刻之前已完成，即过去的过去，常和by the end of搭配
②从过去某一时刻一直延续到另一个过去时间
Part 3　完成时态
时间状语 already, just, yet, lately, recently, in the last/past few days/months/years, up to now, till now, so far，“since＋时间点”，“for＋时间段”等 before, by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time等
续表
过去完成时要点分析
常用过去完成时的几种情况
①在 by, by the end of, by the time, until, before, since 后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。
By the end of last year, we had remembered 2,000 words.
The train had just left before we reached the railway station.
②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended / thought / wanted / expected 等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped / planned ... + to have done。
We had planned to finish the work in advance, but we were held up by a heavy traffic jam.
③“时间名词 +before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。
He told me that his father had died at least 10 years before.
He left school five years ago.
④在 hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ...句式中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly, scarcely, no sooner 置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。
She had hardly had time to sit and have a rest when the phone rang again.
= Hardly had she had time to sit and have a rest when the phone rang again.
常用于过去完成时的固定句型：
1.在hardly/scarcely ... when ...，no sooner ... than ... 句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。意思为“一……就……”。
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.我一到家就开始下雨。
2.It was＋一段时间＋since从句。since从句用过去完成时。
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我离开北京至少有三个月了。
3.It was the first/second/ ... time＋(that)从句。从句用过去完成时。
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
4.By the time ...起连词的功能，引导从句，(表示过去时间的句子)＋主句(过去完成时)。
By the time he was ten, Tom had built a chemistry lab himself.到十岁的时候，汤姆已经自己建了一个化学实验室。
1．语法一致
(1)主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，谓语动词用复数形式。
(2)“many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(3)由and或both ...and ...连接并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Part 5　主谓一致
Many a parent was forced to go through this same painful process.
(4)主语后接with, along with, together with, like, except, but, besides, as well as, including, no less than等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与主语保持一致。
(5)one, everyone, each one, each ...and ...作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
(6)不定代词either, neither 和由every-， some-， no-， any-等构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(none后的谓语动词根据情况可用单数，也可用复数)
I, together with my mother, like playing football.
2．意义一致
(1)由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果主语是同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念(and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)family, class, group, team, company 等集体名词作主语时，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示其中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
Her teacher and her friends are on holiday.
她的老师和朋友们都在度假中。
The poet and writer has produced many works.
这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
The class are doing experiments.
全班学生都在做实验。
(3)police (警察)，people等形式上是单数，但通常被用作复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。
(4)blind, old, young, poor, rich 等形容词与the连用，表示一类人，在意义上是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
(5)news, maths, physics, politics(政治)等词的形式是以-s结尾，但意义上是单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
(6)表示时间、距离、重量、金钱的名词作主语，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
(7)“the＋姓氏名词的复数形式”表示“某夫妇/一家人”。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Three thousand miles is a long distance.
三千英里是一段很长的距离。
3．就近一致
(1)there be句型或here be句型中有并列主语时，谓语动词be在数上与最近的主语保持一致。
(2)由either ...or(或者……或者)，neither ...nor(既不……也不，两者都不)，not only ... but also(不但……而且), or (或者), whether ...or(是……还是), not ...but (不是……而是)等连接的并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与最近的主语保持一致。

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