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2025年九年级英语定语从句之关系代词讲解
一、定语
修饰名词或代词的成分，用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征。
二、作用与位置
1.可充当定语的主要有形容词，名词，介词短语，非谓语，句子；常译为“……的”
2. 单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面为前置定语：
短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面为后置定语。
定语从句
定义：
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子，其作用相当于形容词。
句子结构：
复合句=主句+定语从句（先行词+关系词+从句）
先行词 ：定语从句修饰的名词或者代词（在定语从句之前）。
关系词：连接主句和从句的词（紧跟先行词）
（分关系代词和关系副词。）
①连接作用：连接从句
关系词的作用 ②成分作用：充当定语从句成分
③代替作用：代替先行词
定语从句
I like the music [that I can dance to]. 我喜欢我能随之而舞的音乐。
先行词 关系词
关系词
所作成分 关系词
主语 who(指人)、which(指物)、that(指人或物)
宾语 who/whom(指人)、which(指物)、that(指人或物)
定语 whose(指人或物)
状语 where(指地点)、when(指时间)、why(指原因)
关系代词
who（作主语）, whom（作宾语）, whose（作定语）, which（作主语、宾语）, that（作主语、宾语）
who/whom 1）who/whom引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须指人。 2）who在从句中作主语、宾语; 3）whom在从句中作宾语,常可省略。 This is the man who helped me. That is the girl (whom/who) I have taught.
that that 指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾/表时可省。 The man who/that is playing the piano is my music teacher.
which which 指物,在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省。 This is the biggest ship that I've ever seen.
whose whose引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词既可以指人也可以指物,意为“某(些)人/物的……” whose+n可以用 “the +n.+of which/whom”或者“of which/whom +the +n.”代替 This is the place where he was born. Please show me the book whose cover is black.
注意：1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略.
eg. The trees (that) we have planted grow well.
2. 关系代词作宾语时，可放在介词后。 但当关系代词是that时，则不能放在介词后。
eg. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived
= This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in.
=This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in
先行词指物可以用which，也可以用that，
1）但是下面情况只能用that引导，不用which引导
先行词是 all,much,little,few,something,anything,everything,none,nothing 等不定代词时
先行词有the only,the same,the very 修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
2）下面情况不能用that引导
介词后。
The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
非限制性定语从句后。
She lost the game,which depressed her greatly.
先行词指人可以用who，也可以用that，
但是下面情况只能用who引导，不用that引导
先行词是one , ones , anyone , those 时 Anyone who hasn’t handed in his home- work should stay after school.
there be句型中修饰名词时。 There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate.
先行词后有一个较长的定语。 Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt
如何选用引导词：一般情况引导词的选用是受先行词决定的——
先行词是人时用that , who , whom , whose;
先行词是物时用that , which;
综合练习
1．Many cartoonists ________ wonderful products are so popular will always be remembered.
A．whose B．who C．that D．which
2．Only those ________ learn how to live can get to know themselves and life.
A．who B．whom C．which D．that
3．He is a shallow thinker ______ opinions are not worth much.
A．whose B．who C．that D．which
4．Those ________ suffer often learn the value of mercy.
A．/ B．whom C．whose D．who
5．Anybody ________ feels tired should wear energetic colors.
A．where B．which C．who D．Whose
6．Our memory is filled with the people and the things have had an impact on our lives.
A．which B．who C．whom D．that
7．I enjoy reading a book ______ is about the traditional culture of paper-cutting.
A．what B．who C．whose D．which
8．“Is this the young man ______ saved several people trapped under buildings ” she asked.
A．who B．whom C．whose D．which
9．--- Tom, you win the competition again! Anything to share
--- The most important advice ________ I’d like to give is to go all out.
A．where B．what C．that D．how
10．All_________ I want to say is this thing．
A．what B．which C．that D．and
11．The hospital________I visited for advice on sleep problems is near my home.
A．where B．which C．how D．why
12．I really like the family photo ______we took on my grandpa’s 80th birthday.
A．who B．that C．what D．whose
13．—I hear that Lucy’s uncle is a worker here.
—Yes. Look, the man ________ is working over there is her uncle.
A．whom B．who C．what D．which
14．—Only You is a TV program _______is popular with most young people.
—Yes, it is definitely true.
A．that B．whose C．what D．who
15．He is one of the boys ________ were chosen to join the competition in my class.
A．whom B．which C．who D．/
16．The only thing________can be done is to stop them from going there.
A．that B．which C．what D．who
17．— The second book ________ I plan to read is Oliver Twist. What about you
— Bill Gates’ Business@ the speed of Thought.
A．which B．that C．what D．as
18．I will give the job to the man________ they say is fun to talk to.
A．who B．he C．whom D．which
19．The car ________ color is black is my father’s.
A．where B．when C．that D．whose
20．I believe in him. He is the only person________can help me out of trouble.
A．which B．who C．whose D．/
参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 A A A D C D D A C C
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 B B B A C A B A D B

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