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Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
维度一：基础题型练
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （teach） many times， he still looked puzzled.
2.What’s more， when 　　　　　　（enjoy） the meal， you need to avoid making a noise.
3.He had a wonderful childhood， 　　　　　　　（travel） with his mother to all corners of the world.
4.She was just about to sit down when she felt something 　　　　　　（move） near her feet.
5.　　　　　　　　　　 （finish） his homework， the little boy began to play Internet games.
6 Tom slowly walked away， 　　　　　　　　（complain） about the cold weather.
7.The mother had the boy 　　　　　　（clean） the room the whole afternoon.
8.Hurry up！ You shouldn’t keep your friends 　　　　　　（wait） for such a long time.
9.The teacher criticized him because he was caught 　　　　　　（cheat） on the exam.
10.　　　　　　 （hear） that you will come to China as an exchange student， I want to express a warm welcome to you.
11.What’s worse， some tourists even carved their names on the walls， 　　　　　　（make） me heartbroken.
12.　　　　　　 （know） that you are interested in Chinese folk music， I’d like to invite you to attend a concert.
13.The villagers saw the fire 　　　　　brightly in the distance.When they hurried there， they found some houses 　　　　　　to the ground already.（burn）
维度二：语法与写作
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I feel very proud.
得知你对中国传统文化感兴趣，我感到很骄傲。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， people’s awareness of environmental protection is raised.
随着时间的流逝，人们的环保意识提高了。
3.Families will enjoy mooncakes on Mid-Autumn Day， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
每家每户都会在中秋节吃月饼，并一起赏月。
4.On the bank of the river， we 　　　　　　　　　　　　， with his eyes fixed on a kite in the sky.
在河岸上，我们发现他躺在长凳上，眼睛盯着空中的风筝。
5.The scientist is explaining how to do the experiment，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
这位科学家正在解释如何做实验，很多学生围在他身边。
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we can get a wonderful view of the city.
从塔顶上看，我们可以一览这座城市的美景。
7.He suddenly woke up at midnight when he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
在午夜当他听到有人敲门时，他突然醒来。
8.You can’t 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
你不能让你的儿子周末整天都待在家里学习。
维度三：语法与语篇
　　结合本单元所学语法，根据汉语提示完成下面语段。
　　On our way home， we 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （看到一个大树枝躺在马路上）.2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （考虑到它可能会带来麻烦）， we decided to move it away.3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （在一些过路人的帮助下）， we succeeded in removing it.4.　　　　　　　　　　 （看到我们的所作所为）， many people applauded warmly.
维度四：语法填空
　　Mary Smith looked at the beautiful ripe plums （梅子）.They would make lovely jam.After she had finished 1.　　　　　　 （cook）， she filled all her empty jam jars， 2.　　　　　　 （leave） the rest of the jam in the pan.She would put it in the fridge when it was cooler.But just then the telephone rang.3.　　　　　　　　　　 （learn） that her mother was in hospital after a car accident， Mary picked up her bag and ran out of the house.
　　Some days later， her husband， John， came home from a business trip.He had been travelling all day and felt like 4.　　　　　　 （have） a drink and a piece of cake.5.　　　　　　 （enter） the kitchen， he saw a pan with a dark red mess inside it.He lifted it up and smelled it.It smelled horrible.6.　　　　　　 （think） Mary must have forgotten to clean this pan， he poured all the jam into the chicken yard and cleaned the pan.Then 7.　　　　　　 （feel） comfortable， he began to eat a piece of cake.
　　When Mary returned， she noticed the chickens 8.　　　　　　　　 （behave） strangely.They were running round the yard as if they were sick.She saw the dark red mess on the ground and went closer.9.　　　　　　 （see） a plum stone， she went into the kitchen.Her husband was at the table 10.　　　　　　 （read） a newspaper.Angrily， Mary rushed up to him shouting “You threw away my jam！” Her husband said，“I’m sorry， but I thought the porridge has gone bad in the hot weather.”
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·南京高一下质检）What do you want to keep and what do you want to let go？
　　Next week， total strangers will bring a truck to our door and take away everything we own， except the clothes on our backs， the car we will drive 500 miles to our new home， and as much stuff as we can pack in it.
　　It’s called moving.Some people do it often.For others， like me， it’s a rare and serious adventure.In all my adult years I’ve moved only three times.
　　My first husband and I moved into our first house with a bed， our clothes and a few wedding gifts.That was a lifetime ago.
　　Then the kids grew up， we lost their dad to cancer and I began to learn about letting go.
　　First， I let go of the illusion of being in control.Life isn’t about being in charge of what happens.It’s about being in charge of what we do with it.
　　Next， I let go of putting off until “tomorrow” things I care most about： keeping in touch， saying I love you， and being truly and fully aware and alive.
　　I let go of the kind of people who cling to anger or hatred， and tried instead to surround myself with those who shine with kindness and grace.
　　Finally， I let go of being alone.And then， when I fell in love， remarried and moved out of state with my new husband， I let go of more stuff than I kept.
　　We will all move someday from this world to the next.And we won’t need a truck to do it.We’ll take nothing with us and leave behind a memory of the life we lived， the mistakes we made， and all the love and kindness we tried to show.
1.What will happen to the author the next week？（　　）
A.She will sell her old furniture.
B.She will travel to a new place.
C.She will move to a new house.
D.She will decorate her old house.
2.What made the author begin to let go？（　　）
A.Her first wedding.
B.Her having cancer.
C.Her first husband’s death.
D.Her kids’ growing up.
3.What change did the author make to her life？（　　）
A.She got wealthier.
B.She became lonelier.
C.She bought more things.
D.She contacted others more.
4.What message does the author want to convey by writing the text？（　　）
A.Just learn to give up.
B.Value whatever you have.
C.Welcome the new change.
D.Possess as much as you can.
B
　　（2024·烟台高一下月考）A paradigm is the way you see something； it’s your point of view， frame of reference， or belief.Sometimes our paradigms are way off the mark， and， as a result， they create limitations.For instance， you may be convinced that you don’t have what it takes to get into college.But， remember Ptolemy was just as convinced that the Earth was the center of the universe.
　　And think about the teen who believes she can’t get along with her stepdad.If that is her paradigm， is she likely to ever get along with him？ Probably not， because that belief will hold her back from really trying.
　　Paradigms are like glasses.As a result， what you see is what you get.If you believe you’re dumb， that very belief will make you dumb.Or， if you believe your little sister is dumb， you’ll look for evidence to support your belief and find it， and she’ll remain dumb in your eyes.On the other hand， if you believe you’re smart， that belief will cast a rosy colour on everything you do.
　　A teen named Kristi once shared with me how much she loved the beauty of the mountains.One day she went to visit her eye doctor and， to her surprise， discovered that her sight was much worse than she had thought.After putting in her new contacts （隐形眼镜）， she was astonished at how well she could see.As she put it，“I realised that the mountains and trees and even the signs on the side of the road have more details than I had ever imagined.It was the strangest thing.I didn’t know how bad my eyes were until I experienced how good they could be.” That’s often the way it is.We don’t know how much we’re missing because we have messed up paradigms.
5.What does the underlined phrase “way off the mark” in the first paragraph probably mean？（　　）
A.Not popular. B.Not practical.
C.Not accurate. D.Not important.
6.What is the third paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A.The importance of our beliefs.
B.The problems with paradigms.
C.Our beliefs help us achieve more.
D.Our paradigms help us see better.
7.What made Kristi feel surprised？（　　）
A.That her eyes were so bad.
B.The clear views that she saw.
C.That her eyes are actually good.
D.The high quality of the new contacts.
8.What does the author intend to tell us by Kristi’s story？（　　）
A.We are limited by our paradigms.
B.Our success is based on great tools.
C.Paradigms can benefit us sometimes.
D.We can achieve more with some help.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2024·郑州高一下期末）If you have got your driving license， congratulations！You have joined the millions of new drivers already behind the wheel.9.（　　） Don’t worry； these feelings are normal.
　　Here are a few tips to keep you safe.
　　Know your limits.When you were a kid and first learned how to ride a bike， you probably started out with the basics.10.（　　） As a new driver， the key is to make sure you are extra-careful and practicing safe driving habits.You might notice older friends and relatives doing something risky — like speeding up instead of slowing down at a yellow light.But when a new driver does it， it’s very dangerous.
　　11.（　　） This includes you and every passenger wearing a seatbelt at all times， coming to a complete stop at all red lights and stop signs， obeying speed limits， knowing when to yield （让路）， etc.
　　Avoid distractions.When you first start driving， it’s a good idea to avoid taking friends along with you.While you’re a new driver， driving with friends can be distracting and can increase the risk of a crash.12.（　　） Other things that can distract any driver include talking on the phone， eating， putting on make-up， and listening to loud music.And it should go without saying — no texting！
　　Know other people’s limits.You aren’t the only person you have to be responsible for on the road — there are aggressive and careless drivers of all ages and driving experiences.Their presence on the road means it’s not enough to make sure that you follow all the rules of the road.13.（　　）
A.Obey all traffic rules.
B.Be as careful as possible.
C.Driving a car can be similar indeed.
D.Always keep in mind that safety comes first.
E.You also have to watch out for people who don’t.
F.You’re probably feeling excited， nervous， or possibly scared.
G.With more experience， driving with friends can become less stressful.
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·湖州高一下期末）If you had the choice of seeing the world by going on a trip or bettering the world by staying at home and focusing your energies there， which would it be？
　　The island of Islesboro 　14　 three miles off the mainland in America.　15　， Islesboro’s Central School seniors hold fund-raising events to finance a once-in-a-lifetime class 　16　 at the end of their final semester.Former student 　17　 include Paris， Iceland， Norway， and Panama.
　　The Class of 2024 had already 　18　 close to $8，000 in donations by the time their hopes of a journey to Asia were 　19　 by the travel restrictions.With their plans 　20　， the group decided to spend the money they’d earned a whole lot 　21　 to home by reinvesting it in their community.
　　As 18-year-old senior Liefe Temple 　22　， “We could really see how the whole world and the island， too， was struggling.So it felt really 　23　 to do that in this special way — to 　24　 the money to the people who gave it to us.”
　　The students’ earnings were 　25　 to the Island Community Fund in aid of residents whose livelihoods were 　26　 by the pandemic.
　　“There is a strong sense of 　27　 in these students.That is because their 　28　 demonstrated an awareness of the hardship in their community and willingness to do something about it，” the Island Community Fund president Fred Thomas told AP.
14.（　） A.lies　　　　　　　 B.sets
C.takes D.leaves
15.（　） A.Hopefully B.Traditionally
C.Fortunately D.Eventually
16.（　） A.trip B.group
C.team D.project
17.（　） A.activities B.hobbies
C.suggestion D.destinations
18.（　） A.borrowed B.collected
C.managed D.discovered
19.（　） A.disturbed B.prevented
C.confirmed D.stressed
20.（　） A.decided B.revised
C.cancelled D.introduced
21.（　） A.closer B.farther
C.cheaper D.shorter
22.（　） A.suggested B.requested
C.demanded D.explained
23.（　） A.funny B.strange
C.good D.terrible
24.（　） A.give back B.take over
C.turn down D.make out
25.（　） A.raised B.donated
C.arranged D.delivered
26.（　） A.exchanged B.determined
C.controlled D.influenced
27.（　） A.time B.hope
C.pride D.dream
28.（　） A.advice B.principle
C.decision D.project
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　（2024·陕西四校高一下联考）You are driving along on a wild stormy night.You pass by a bus stop， and see three people 29.　　　　　　 （wait） for the bus：（1）An elderly woman who is about 30.　　　　 （die）；（2）An old friend who once saved your life；（3）The perfect mate you’ve been dreaming about.
　　Which would you choose， knowing there could only be one passenger in your car？ Should you save the elderly woman or take the old friend 31.　　　　　　 he once saved your life？ You may never find your perfect dream lover again！
　　This quiz was given to 200 32.　　　　　　 （applicant） for a single job.The one who 33.　　　　 （hire） responded， “I would give the car keys to my friend and let 34.　　　　　　 （he） take the elderly woman to the hospital.Then I would stay behind and wait for the bus with the woman of my dreams.”
　　What a brilliant answer！ That’s 35.　　　　　 （exact） what we say “think outside the box”.In other words， we need to think differently， creatively， or 36.　　　　　　 a new angle.
Thinking outside the box 37.　　　　　　 （start） well before we’re “boxed in”— that is， well before we meet a unique situation and start forcing it into a familiar “box” 38.　　　　　　 we already know how to deal with.
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
基础知识自测
维度一
1.Having been taught　2.enjoying　3.travelling　4.moving
5.Having finished　6.complaining　7.cleaning　8.waiting
9.cheating　10.Hearing　11.making　12.Knowing　13.burning； burned/burnt
维度二
1.Knowing you are interested in traditional Chinese culture
2.With time going by/As time goes by
3.admiring the moon together
4.found him lying on a bench
5.with many students surrounding him
6.Seeing from the top of the tower
7.heard someone knocking at the door
8.have your son studying all day long at the weekend
维度三
1.saw a big branch lying on the road
2.Considering it might cause some trouble
3.With some passers-by helping us
4.Seeing what we had done
维度四
1.cooking　2.leaving　3.Having learned/learnt　4.having
5.Entering　6.Thinking　7.feeling　8.behaving　9.Seeing
10.reading
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的亲身经历，告诫我们要学会放下。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，作者下周将要搬家。
2.C　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，作者的第一任丈夫因癌症去世后，作者开始学会放下。
3.D　推理判断题。根据第七段可知，作者开始珍惜生活中那些真正重要的事物，并及时去做，不再拖延。
4.A　推理判断题。综合全文可知，作者结合自己的人生经历，学会了放下。最后一段是本文的核心思想所在，作者认为我们离开这个世界时什么都带不走，留下的只有回忆。let go 是本文的关键词。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文中提到的paradigm指一种思维定式或思维模式，它往往会限制我们的行为和行动的结果。
5.C　词义猜测题。根据下文可知，我们特定的思维模式会导致局限性。由此可知，它们是“不准确的”。
6.A　段落大意题。根据第三段可知，本段作者主要强调我们有什么样的信仰和认知，往往就会有什么样的结果。
7.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Kristi换上新的隐形眼镜后看到了更清晰的风景和世界，这让她非常吃惊。
8.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Kristi原来形成的认知是自己的眼睛不行、只能看到模糊的世界，后来借助隐形眼镜发现原来可以看到更清晰的世界。结合上文可知，作者想传递的信息是：我们固有的认知会限制我们的发展。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。安全驾驶的重要性不言而喻，本文是写给那些刚拿到驾照者的一些驾驶建议。
9.F　下文说“这些感觉很正常”，这里暗示我们此处在叙述一些感受，故F项符合语境。
10.C　上文在叙述小孩学自行车的情况，下文在谈论驾车的情况，C项承上启下，符合语境。
11.A　本段所提到的系安全带、不超速等都是一些交通规则，A项符合语境。
12.G　上文主要告诉我们驾车时带上朋友的危险性，G项符合语境，说明随着驾驶经验的增加这种情况会逐渐好转。
13.E　上文指出仅仅你自己遵守交通规则是不够的。那么，此处肯定要告诉我们还应该怎么办，故E项符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Islesboro是美国的一个小岛，该岛上一所中学毕业班的学生放弃了出国旅游的机会，将所有费用捐给了当地的社区。
14.A　Islesboro小岛距离美洲大陆3英里远。
15.B　按照传统惯例，该岛上中学毕业生要进行资金募集活动。
16.A　这些募集的资金将用于一次班级的旅游。
17.D　以前同学们选择的旅游目的地包括巴黎、冰岛、挪威和巴拿马等。
18.B　2024届毕业班的同学筹集了将近8，000美元。
19.B　令他们失望的是，他们打算出国旅游的希望由于旅游限制而破灭了。
20.C　由于旅游限制的原因，他们旅游的计划不得不取消。
21.A　他们放弃旅游后，打算将这些钱花在离家更近的地方。
22.D　18岁的Liefe Temple解释了他们这么做的原因。
23.C　Liefe Temple认为，他们选择捐款的做法令他们感觉很好。
24.A　这些中学生将募集来的钱又回馈给了当地社区。
25.B　他们将这些钱捐赠给了当地社区的基金组织。
26.D　这一基金专门用来帮助那些生活受流行病影响的居民。
27.C　同学们的高尚举动让他们获得一种强烈的自豪感。
28.C　同学们所作出的决定，展示出他们对流行病中人们苦难的认识。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。面对一道奇怪的面试问题，为何一位求职者能够从200人中脱颖而出呢？
29.waiting　see sb doing sth 是一个固定句式，表示“看见某人正在做某事”。
30.to die　be about to do sth 表示“将要做某事”，这里是说这位老太太即将死亡。
31.because　本空后面的从句表示你应该选择老朋友的原因，应用连词because。
32.applicants　由于有200名求职者，因此应用applicant的复数形式。
33.was hired　由于这名求职者是“被录用”，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
34.him　let为动词，后面应用人称代词的宾格来作其宾语。
35.exactly　由于本空前面是系动词，因此这里应用副词。
36.from　from a ...angle是固定搭配，表示“从……的角度”。
37.starts　本句为动词-ing短语作主语，且描述一种客观现实，因此用一般现在时。
38.which/that　此处box为先行词，后面是一个定语从句，应用关系代词which/that。
6 / 6Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
①...if they entrust me with that life， how could I refuse that trust， saying I’m cold， hungry， or tired？
②“Why should girls learn so much？ Finding a good husband should be their final goal！” her brother complained， thinking of the high tuition fees.
③Thinking of all the people still in need of help， Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
④At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
⑤The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.
【我的发现】
（1）动词-ing形式作状语的句子为句　　　　　　　。
（2）动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的句子为句　　　　。
（3）动词-ing形式作主语补足语的句子为句　　　　。
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。在这种情况下，及物动词通常是表示感觉和心理状态的动词或使役动词。
When we returned to the school， we found a stranger standing at the entrance.
当我们回到学校时，我们发现一个陌生人站在大门口。
I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.
我感觉到有人在拍我的肩膀。
1.在感官动词后作宾语补足语
在see、 hear、 feel、 watch、 notice等感官动词后，用动词-ing形式构成复合宾语，表示一个正在进行的主动动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
In the crowded café， I heard a friendly voice saying， “You can share my table.”
在这个拥挤的咖啡馆，我听到一个友好的声音说：“你可以和我坐在一桌。”
Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window.
我们忽然听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。
名师点津
在see、 hear、 feel、 watch、 notice等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用省略to的动词不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略to的动词不定式时，表示动作的完成，即动作的全过程结束了。
Today on my way home， I saw a man running along the street hurriedly.
今天我在回家的路上，看到一个男人正匆忙地从街上跑过。
I saw him enter the room and take something away.
我看到他进入房间，并拿着东西离开了。
All his attention was fixed on the movie， so he didn’t even notice the boss enter the room.
他所有的注意力都集中在电影上，所以他甚至没有注意到老板进了房间。
2.在使役动词后作宾语补足语
使役动词 have、 keep、 get、 leave等接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，表示“让……一直做某事”。
It’s cold.We should have the fire burning all the time.
天气冷。我们本应该让火一直燃烧着。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
对不起，让你等了这么久。
名师点津
（1）have/get＋宾语＋done意为“让别人去做某事”。
He will have/get the computer repaired tomorrow.
他明天让人给他修电脑。
（2）have＋宾语＋do sth意为“让某人去做某事”。
Mother has me go to the shop to buy some fruit.
妈妈让我去商店买一些水果。
（3）leave （使……处于某种状态）、 keep （使……保持某种状态）后一般跟分词作补语，而不跟动词不定式。
The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.
公司破产了，促使她一直在找新工作。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
①Mr Smith suggested a good way to have her written English 　　　　　　（improve） in a short period.
②Don’t leave the water 　　　　　　（run） while you brush your teeth.
③Mother has the little girl 　　　　　　（play） the piano this afternoon.
④He needed to have some paperwork 　　　　　　（deliver） across the country the next day.
⑤Entering the room， I found Mary 　　　　　　（sit） at the desk and 　　　　　　（play） computer games.
3.在with复合结构中的使用
在with复合结构中，动词-ing形式充当宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。
With the College Entrance Examination drawing near， many of us feel nervous recently.
最近，随着高考的临近，我们中有很多人都感到紧张。
名师点津
在with复合结构中，也可以使用过去分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语。
All the afternoon， he worked with the door locked.
整个下午，他都锁着门在房间里工作。
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.
有这些衣服要洗，我无法出去了。
【即时演练2】　单句语法填空
①I love my school with students 　　　　（work） hard to realise their dreams and teachers 　　　　　　（help） us like our parents.
②China’s image is improving steadily， with more countries 　　　　　　　（recognise） its role in international affairs.
③With Christmas 　　　　　　（approach）， a Christmas party will be held in the school.
二、动词-ing形式作状语
　　动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、让步、方式或伴随状况、条件等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。
1.表示时间
Having made full preparations， we are ready for the examination.
→After we have made full preparations， we are ready for the examination.
我们已经做好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。
2.表示原因
Being ill， he didn’t go to school yesterday.
→Since he was ill， he didn’t go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没去上学。
3.表示结果
His parents died， leaving him an orphan.
→His parents died and left him an orphan.
他的父母去世了，留下他成了孤儿。
名师点津
动词-ing形式和动词不定式作结果状语时的区别：
①动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，有时可加thus表示强调；
Newly-built wooden cottages line the street，turning the old town into a dreamland.
新建的小木屋排列在街道两边，使这个古镇变成梦幻般的地方。
②动词不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only表示强调。
The reporter hurried to the airport， only to be told the film stars had left.
那个记者急匆匆赶到机场，却被告知电影明星们已经离开了。
4.表示让步
Being tired， they went on working.
→Although they were tired， they went on working.
尽管很累了，可他们继续工作。
5.表示方式或伴随状况
He lay on the grass， staring at the sky for a long time.
→He lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
6.表示条件
Going straight down the road， you will find the department store.
→If you go straight down the road， you will find the department store.
顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。
名师点津
动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语；如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，应在动词-ing形式前加上其独立的逻辑主语，这便构成了动词-ing形式的独立主格结构，该结构在句中常作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语、条件状语等。
The last bus having gone， we had to walk home.
末班车已经开走了， 我们不得不走回家。（having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus， 而不是we）
Weather permitting， the football match will be held on Friday.
天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。（permitting的逻辑主语是weather，而不是the football match）
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空
①　　　　　　　　　　 （finish） his homework， he was playing on the playground.
②　　　　　　 （know） that you are interested in it， I’m pleased to tell relevant information to you.
③More highways have been built in China， 　　　　　　（make） it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
④　　　　　　 （work） hard at your lessons， you are to succeed.
⑤　　　　　　　　 （work） abroad for twenty years， the old man is on the way back to his motherland.
⑥　　　　　　 （be） responsible， honest and selfless， he is respected by everyone.
三、动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项
1.动词-ing形式的时态
动词-ing形式作状语时，要注意动词-ing形式的时间性，是用动词-ing形式的一般式（doing）还是用完成式（having done）。
（1）当动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用一般式。
Walking in the street， I met an old friend of mine.（walking与谓语动词met同时发生）
走在大街上时，我遇到了一位老朋友。
（2）当动词-ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用完成式。
Having lived in Beijing for many years， Carter knew the city well.（Having lived是先发生，knew是后发生）
因为在北京住了多年，卡特对这个城市很熟悉。
2.动词-ing形式的否定式：not＋doing； not having＋done
Not knowing the way， he got lost.
由于不认路，他迷路了。
Not having made full preparations， we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会推迟了。
3.独立成分作状语
有些动词-ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评注性状语。常见的有：
providing如果
supposing假设，如果
honestly speaking说实话
generally speaking一般来说
strictly speaking严格来说
judging from/by根据……来判断
considering/taking ...into cosideration
考虑到……
Honestly speaking， if you put your heart and soul into learning， English is not that difficult for you.
说实话，如果你全身心地投入学习中，英语对你来说就没那么难了。
Judging from her reaction， she liked the birthday present.
从她的反应来看，她喜欢这份生日礼物。
【即时演练4】　单句语法填空
①　　　　　　　 （warn） by the teacher， the students didn’t make such mistakes.
②　　　　　　　　 （fail） many times， he didn’t lose heart.
③　　　　　　　　　　 （dress） up， we went out to have some good local food and enjoy the celebrations.
④Generally 　　　　　　（speak）， women are more patient than men.
operation n.手术；企业；经营
【教材原句】　During the operation， she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying about him.手术期间，她在候诊室里坐了一个多小时，为他担心。
【用法】
（1）perform an operation on sb 给某人做手术 put sth into operation 实施；运行 （2）operate vt.& vi. 操作；运转；动手术 operate on 给……动手术
【佳句】　①The nurse tended the boy so carefully that he recovered from his heart operation soon.
护士细心照料这个男孩，使得他心脏手术后不久就康复了。
②The company will put its new marketing strategy into operation next month.
这家公司下个月将实施新的营销策略。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Charles was at the clinic， recovering from an 　　　　　　（operate） on his arm.
②To our great joy， the new machine is easy 　　　　　　　　（operate）.
【写美】　完成句子
③It’s a wonderful plan， and he is just the man 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
这是一个绝妙的计划，而他正是实施这个计划的人。
④The trainees are learning 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
学员们正在学习如何操作新的计算机软件。
whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n.耳语（声）；低语（声）；传言；谣传
【教材原句】　I saw her whispering something into his ear， obviously not wanting to be heard.
我看见她对他耳语了几句，显然不想被其他人听见。
【用法】
（1）whisper to sb　 　对某人耳语 whisper sth in/into one’s ear 在某人耳边低声说某事 （2） 低声说
【佳句】　He tried whispering in/into his father’s ear in the hope of waking him up.
他试图在父亲耳边低语，希望能把他唤醒。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①When I came in， I saw Linda 　　　　　　（whisper） to her classmate.
②They sat at the back of the room， talking in 　　　　　　（whisper）.
【写美】　完成句子
③In the wedding ceremony， Jack 　　　　　　　　　　so that no one else would hear.
在婚礼上，杰克低声对她说话，以免别人听到。
assist vt.帮助；援助
【教材原句】　Despite the difficult situation， Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.
尽管处境艰难，白求恩大夫尽其所能帮助中国人民。
【用法】
　帮助某人做某事 （2）assistance n. 援助；帮助 come to one’s assistance 帮助某人
【佳句】　John was quite pleased to assist Bernard in making and selling popcorn in the market.With the assistance of John， Bernard’s popcorn sold well.
约翰非常高兴帮助伯纳德在市场上制作和售卖爆米花。在约翰的帮助下，伯纳德的爆米花卖得很好。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I am grateful to my headteacher who always assists me 　　　　　　my learning.
②I hope you can come to my 　　　　　　　（assist） in this problem and thank you in advance.
【写美】　一句多译
③我喜欢做家务。我总是在饭后帮助父母洗碗。
→I love doing housework.I always 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　after meals.
→I love doing housework.I always 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　after meals.
in memory of作为对……的纪念
【教材原句】　After Dr Bethune’s death， Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him ...
白求恩大夫去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他……
【用法】
in honour of　　　纪念；向……表示敬意 in search of 寻找 in charge of 负责；掌管 in need of 需要
【佳句】　①Youth Day is celebrated on 4 May every year in memory of the Youth Movement in 1919.为纪念1919年的青年运动，每年的五月四日庆祝青年节。
②Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease.
科学家们想研究出治疗这种疾病的方法。
【练透】　选用左栏短语填空
①The manager coming from Italy is 　　　　　　　　　　the company.
②People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival 　　　　　　　　　　　　Qu Yuan， who was a famous Chinese poet.
【写美】　完成句子
③Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
许多中国大学为需要经济援助的学生提供奖学金。
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）①②③　（2）⑤　（3）④
即时演练1
①improved　②running　③play　④delivered
⑤sitting； playing
即时演练2
①working； helping　②recognising　③approaching
即时演练3
①Having finished　②Knowing　③making　④Working
⑤Having worked　⑥Being
即时演练4
①Having been warned　②Having failed　③Having dressed　④speaking
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①operation　②to operate　③to put it into operation
④how to operate the new computer software
2.①whispering　②whispers　③whispered to her
3.①in/with　②assistance　③assist my parents in doing the dishes； assist my parents to do the dishes
4.①in charge of　②in memory/honour of　③in need of financial aid
7 / 7(共91张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Discovering Useful Structures
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
1
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
①...if they entrust me with that life， how could I refuse that trust，
saying I’m cold， hungry， or tired？
②“Why should girls learn so much？ Finding a good husband should be
their final goal！” her brother complained， thinking of the high tuition
fees.
③Thinking of all the people still in need of help， Dr Lin opened a
private clinic.
④At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to
provide medical care.
⑤The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a
key role.
【我的发现】
（1）动词-ing形式作状语的句子为句 。
（2）动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的句子为句 。
（3）动词-ing形式作主语补足语的句子为句 。
①②③　
⑤　
④　
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或
状态。在这种情况下，及物动词通常是表示感觉和心理状态的动词或
使役动词。
When we returned to the school， we found a stranger standing at the
entrance.
当我们回到学校时，我们发现一个陌生人站在大门口。
I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.
我感觉到有人在拍我的肩膀。
1. 在感官动词后作宾语补足语
在see、 hear、 feel、 watch、 notice等感官动词后，用动词-ing形式
构成复合宾语，表示一个正在进行的主动动作，强调一个过程或一
种状态。
In the crowded café， I heard a friendly voice saying， “You can
share my table.”
在这个拥挤的咖啡馆，我听到一个友好的声音说：“你可以和我坐
在一桌。”
Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window.
我们忽然听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。
名师点津
在see、 hear、 feel、 watch、 notice等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing形
式构成复合宾语，也可用省略to的动词不定式构成复合宾语，两者之
间有一定的区别。用动词-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略to
的动词不定式时，表示动作的完成，即动作的全过程结束了。
Today on my way home， I saw a man running along the street
hurriedly.
今天我在回家的路上，看到一个男人正匆忙地从街上跑过。
I saw him enter the room and take something away.
我看到他进入房间，并拿着东西离开了。
All his attention was fixed on the movie， so he didn’t even notice the
boss enter the room.
他所有的注意力都集中在电影上，所以他甚至没有注意到老板进
了房间。
2. 在使役动词后作宾语补足语
使役动词 have、 keep、 get、 leave等接动词-ing形式作宾语补足
语，表示“让……一直做某事”。
It’s cold.We should have the fire burning all the time.
天气冷。我们本应该让火一直燃烧着。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
对不起，让你等了这么久。
名师点津
（1）have/get＋宾语＋done意为“让别人去做某事”。
He will have/get the computer repaired tomorrow.
他明天让人给他修电脑。
（2）have＋宾语＋do sth意为“让某人去做某事”。
Mother has me go to the shop to buy some fruit.
妈妈让我去商店买一些水果。
（3）leave （使……处于某种状态）、 keep （使……保持某种状态）
后一般跟分词作补语，而不跟动词不定式。
The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.
公司破产了，促使她一直在找新工作。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
①Mr Smith suggested a good way to have her written
English （improve） in a short period.
②Don’t leave the water （run） while you brush your
teeth.
③Mother has the little girl （play） the piano this afternoon.
④He needed to have some paperwork （deliver） across
the country the next day.
⑤Entering the room， I found Mary （sit） at the desk
and （play） computer games.
improved　
running　
play　
delivered　
sitting　
playing　
3. 在with复合结构中的使用
在with复合结构中，动词-ing形式充当宾语补足语，表示动作正在
进行。
With the College Entrance Examination drawing near， many of us
feel nervous recently.
最近，随着高考的临近，我们中有很多人都感到紧张。
名师点津
在with复合结构中，也可以使用过去分词和动词不定式作宾语补
足语。
All the afternoon， he worked with the door locked.
整个下午，他都锁着门在房间里工作。
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.
有这些衣服要洗，我无法出去了。
【即时演练2】　单句语法填空
①I love my school with students （work） hard to realise
their dreams and teachers （help） us like our parents.
②China’s image is improving steadily， with more
countries （recognise） its role in international affairs.
③With Christmas （approach）， a Christmas party
will be held in the school.
working　
helping　
recognising　
approaching　
二、动词-ing形式作状语
　　动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原
因、结果、让步、方式或伴随状况、条件等。动词-ing形式作时
间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随状语时
常位于句末。
1. 表示时间
Having made full preparations， we are ready for the examination.
→After we have made full preparations， we are ready for the
examination.
我们已经做好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。
2. 表示原因
Being ill， he didn’t go to school yesterday.
→Since he was ill， he didn’t go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没去上学。
3. 表示结果
His parents died， leaving him an orphan.
→His parents died and left him an orphan.
他的父母去世了，留下他成了孤儿。
名师点津
动词-ing形式和动词不定式作结果状语时的区别：
①动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，有时可加thus表
示强调；
Newly-built wooden cottages line the street，turning the old town into a
dreamland.
新建的小木屋排列在街道两边，使这个古镇变成梦幻般的地方。
②动词不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only表
示强调。
The reporter hurried to the airport， only to be told the film stars had
left.
那个记者急匆匆赶到机场，却被告知电影明星们已经离开了。
4. 表示让步
Being tired， they went on working.
→Although they were tired， they went on working.
尽管很累了，可他们继续工作。
5. 表示方式或伴随状况
He lay on the grass， staring at the sky for a long time.
→He lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
6. 表示条件
Going straight down the road， you will find the department store.
→If you go straight down the road， you will find the department
store.
顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。
名师点津
动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语；如果
动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，应在动词-ing形式前
加上其独立的逻辑主语，这便构成了动词-ing形式的独立主格结构，
该结构在句中常作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语、条件状语等。
The last bus having gone， we had to walk home.
末班车已经开走了， 我们不得不走回家。（having gone的逻辑主语是
the last bus， 而不是we）
Weather permitting， the football match will be held on Friday.
天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。（permitting的逻辑主语是
weather，而不是the football match）
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空
① （finish） his homework， he was playing on the
playground.
② （know） that you are interested in it， I’m pleased to
tell relevant information to you.
③More highways have been built in China， （make） it
much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
④ （work） hard at your lessons， you are to succeed.
Having finished　
Knowing　
making　
Working　
⑤ （work） abroad for twenty years， the old man is
on the way back to his motherland.
⑥ （be） responsible， honest and selfless， he is respected
by everyone.
Having worked　
Being　
三、动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项
1. 动词-ing形式的时态
动词-ing形式作状语时，要注意动词-ing形式的时间性，是用动词-
ing形式的一般式（doing）还是用完成式（having done）。
（1）当动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用一
般式。
Walking in the street， I met an old friend of mine.（walking与
谓语动词met同时发生）
走在大街上时，我遇到了一位老朋友。
（2）当动词-ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生
时，用完成式。
Having lived in Beijing for many years， Carter knew the city
well.（Having lived是先发生，knew是后发生）
因为在北京住了多年，卡特对这个城市很熟悉。
2. 动词-ing形式的否定式：not＋doing； not having＋done
Not knowing the way， he got lost.
由于不认路，他迷路了。
Not having made full preparations， we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会推迟了。
3. 独立成分作状语
有些动词-ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，其
形式的选择不受上下文的影响，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称
为评注性状语。常见的有：
providing如果
supposing假设，如果
honestly speaking说实话
generally speaking一般来说
strictly speaking严格来说
judging from/by根据……来判断
considering/taking ...into cosideration考虑到……
Honestly speaking， if you put your heart and soul into learning，
English is not that difficult for you.
说实话，如果你全身心地投入学习中，英语对你来说就没那么
难了。
Judging from her reaction， she liked the birthday present.
从她的反应来看，她喜欢这份生日礼物。
【即时演练4】　单句语法填空
① （warn） by the teacher， the students
didn’t make such mistakes.
② （fail） many times， he didn’t lose heart.
③ （dress） up， we went out to have some good
local food and enjoy the celebrations.
④Generally （speak）， women are more patient than men.
Having been warned　
Having failed　
Having dressed　
speaking　
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
operation n.手术；企业；经营
【教材原句】　During the operation， she sat in the waiting room for
over an hour worrying about him.
手术期间，她在候诊室里坐了一个多小时，为他担心。
【用法】
（1）perform an operation on sb　给某人做手术
put sth into operation　　实施；运行
（2）operate vt.& vi.　　操作；运转；动手术
operate on　　给……动手术
【佳句】　①The nurse tended the boy so carefully that he recovered
from his heart operation soon.
护士细心照料这个男孩，使得他心脏手术后不久就康复了。
②The company will put its new marketing strategy into operation next
month.
这家公司下个月将实施新的营销策略。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Charles was at the clinic， recovering from an
（operate） on his arm.
②To our great joy， the new machine is easy
（operate）.
operation　
to operate　
【写美】　完成句子
③It’s a wonderful plan， and he is just the man
.
这是一个绝妙的计划，而他正是实施这个计划的人。
④The trainees are learning
.
学员们正在学习如何操作新的计算机软件。
to put it into
operation　
how to operate the new computer
software　
whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n.耳语（声）；低语（声）；
传言；谣传
【教材原句】　I saw her whispering something into his ear， obviously
not wanting to be heard.
我看见她对他耳语了几句，显然不想被其他人听见。
【用法】
【佳句】　He tried whispering in/into his father’s ear in the hope of
waking him up.
他试图在父亲耳边低语，希望能把他唤醒。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①When I came in， I saw Linda （whisper） to her
classmate.
②They sat at the back of the room， talking in （whisper）.
whispering　
whispers　
【写美】　完成句子
③In the wedding ceremony， Jack so that no one
else would hear.
在婚礼上，杰克低声对她说话，以免别人听到。
whispered to her　
assist vt.帮助；援助
【教材原句】　Despite the difficult situation， Dr Bethune did whatever
he could to assist the Chinese people.
尽管处境艰难，白求恩大夫尽其所能帮助中国人民。
【用法】
【佳句】　John was quite pleased to assist Bernard in making and selling
popcorn in the market.With the assistance of John， Bernard’s popcorn
sold well.
约翰非常高兴帮助伯纳德在市场上制作和售卖爆米花。在约翰的帮助
下，伯纳德的爆米花卖得很好。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I am grateful to my headteacher who always assists me my
learning.
②I hope you can come to my （assist） in this problem
and thank you in advance.
in/with　
assistance　
【写美】　一句多译
③我喜欢做家务。我总是在饭后帮助父母洗碗。
→I love doing housework.I always
after meals.
→I love doing housework.I always
after meals.
assist my parents in doing the
dishes　
assist my parents to do the dishes　
in memory of作为对……的纪念
【教材原句】　After Dr Bethune’s death， Chairman Mao Zedong
wrote an article in memory of him ...
白求恩大夫去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他……
【用法】
in honour of　　　　　纪念；向……表示敬意
in search of　　寻找
in charge of　　负责；掌管
in need of　　需要
【佳句】　①Youth Day is celebrated on 4 May every year in memory of
the Youth Movement in 1919.为纪念1919年的青年运动，每年的五月四
日庆祝青年节。
②Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease.科学家们想研究出治
疗这种疾病的方法。
【练透】　选用上面短语填空
①The manager coming from Italy is the company.
②People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival Qu
Yuan， who was a famous Chinese poet.
in charge of　
in memory/honour of　
【写美】　完成句子
③Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students
.
许多中国大学为需要经济援助的学生提供奖学金。
in need
of financial aid　
3
课时检测 · 提能力
培育学科素养
维度一：基础题型练
1. （teach） many times， he still looked
puzzled.
2. What’s more， when （enjoy） the meal， you need
to avoid making a noise.
3. He had a wonderful childhood， （travel） with his
mother to all corners of the world.
Having been taught　
enjoying　
travelling　
4. She was just about to sit down when she felt something
（move） near her feet.
5. （finish） his homework， the little boy began to
play Internet games.
6 Tom slowly walked away， （complain） about
the cold weather.
moving　
Having finished　
complaining　
7. The mother had the boy （clean） the room the whole
afternoon.
8. Hurry up！ You shouldn’t keep your friends （wait）
for such a long time.
9. The teacher criticized him because he was caught
（cheat） on the exam.
10. （hear） that you will come to China as an exchange
student， I want to express a warm welcome to you.
cleaning　
waiting　
cheating　
Hearing　
11. What’s worse， some tourists even carved their names on the
walls， （make） me heartbroken.
12. （know） that you are interested in Chinese folk
music， I’d like to invite you to attend a concert.
13. The villagers saw the fire brightly in the distance.When
they hurried there， they found some houses to the
ground already.（burn）
making　
Knowing　
burning　
burned/burnt　
维度二：语法与写作
1. ， I feel
very proud.
得知你对中国传统文化感兴趣，我感到很骄傲。
2. ， people’s awareness of
environmental protection is raised.
随着时间的流逝，人们的环保意识提高了。
3. Families will enjoy mooncakes on Mid-Autumn Day，
.
每家每户都会在中秋节吃月饼，并一起赏月。
Knowing you are interested in traditional Chinese culture　
With time going by/As time goes by　
admiring the
moon together　
4. On the bank of the river， we ， with
his eyes fixed on a kite in the sky.
在河岸上，我们发现他躺在长凳上，眼睛盯着空中的风筝。
5. The scientist is explaining how to do the experiment，
.
这位科学家正在解释如何做实验，很多学生围在他身边。
6. ， we can get a wonderful view of
the city.
从塔顶上看，我们可以一览这座城市的美景。
found him lying on a bench　
with many
students surrounding him　
Seeing from the top of the tower　
7. He suddenly woke up at midnight when he
.
在午夜当他听到有人敲门时，他突然醒来。
8. You can’t .
你不能让你的儿子周末整天都待在家里学习。
heard someone knocking
at the door　
have your son studying all day long at the weekend　
维度三：语法与语篇
　　结合本单元所学语法，根据汉语提示完成下面语段。
　　On our way home， we 1.
（看到一个大树枝躺在马路上）.2.
（考虑到它可能会带来麻烦）， we decided to move it
away.3. （在一些过路人的帮助
下）， we succeeded in removing it.4.
（看到我们的所作所为）， many people applauded warmly.
saw a big branch lying on the road　
Considering it might cause some
trouble　
With some passers-by helping us　
Seeing what we had done　
维度四：语法填空
　　Mary Smith looked at the beautiful ripe plums （梅子）.They would
make lovely jam.After she had finished 1. （cook）， she
filled all her empty jam jars， 2. （leave） the rest of the jam
in the pan.She would put it in the fridge when it was cooler.But just then
the telephone rang.3. （learn） that her mother
was in hospital after a car accident， Mary picked up her bag and ran out
of the house.
cooking　
leaving　
Having learned/learnt　
　　Some days later， her husband， John， came home from a business
trip.He had been travelling all day and felt like 4. （have） a
drink and a piece of cake.5. （enter） the kitchen， he saw
a pan with a dark red mess inside it.He lifted it up and smelled it.It
smelled horrible.6. （think） Mary must have forgotten to
clean this pan， he poured all the jam into the chicken yard and cleaned
the pan.Then 7. （feel） comfortable， he began to eat a
piece of cake.
having　
Entering　
Thinking　
feeling　
　　When Mary returned， she noticed the chickens 8.
（behave） strangely.They were running round the yard as if they were
sick.She saw the dark red mess on the ground and went
closer.9. （see） a plum stone， she went into the
kitchen.Her husband was at the table 10. （read） a
newspaper.Angrily， Mary rushed up to him shouting “You threw away
my jam！” Her husband said，“I’m sorry， but I thought the porridge
has gone bad in the hot weather.”
behaving　
Seeing　
reading　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·南京高一下质检）What do you want to keep and what do
you want to let go？
　　Next week， total strangers will bring a truck to our door and take
away everything we own， except the clothes on our backs， the car we
will drive 500 miles to our new home， and as much stuff as we can pack
in it.
　　It’s called moving.Some people do it often.For others， like me，
it’s a rare and serious adventure.In all my adult years I’ve moved only
three times.
　　My first husband and I moved into our first house with a bed， our
clothes and a few wedding gifts.That was a lifetime ago.
　　Then the kids grew up， we lost their dad to cancer and I began to
learn about letting go.
　　First， I let go of the illusion of being in control.Life isn’t about
being in charge of what happens.It’s about being in charge of what we do
with it.
　　Next， I let go of putting off until “tomorrow” things I care most
about： keeping in touch， saying I love you， and being truly and fully
aware and alive.
　　I let go of the kind of people who cling to anger or hatred， and tried
instead to surround myself with those who shine with kindness and grace.
　　Finally， I let go of being alone.And then， when I fell in love，
remarried and moved out of state with my new husband， I let go of more
stuff than I kept.
　　We will all move someday from this world to the next.And we
won’t need a truck to do it.We’ll take nothing with us and leave behind
a memory of the life we lived， the mistakes we made， and all the love
and kindness we tried to show.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的亲身经历，告
诫我们要学会放下。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的亲身经历，告
诫我们要学会放下。
1. What will happen to the author the next week？（　　）
A. She will sell her old furniture.
B. She will travel to a new place.
C. She will move to a new house.
D. She will decorate her old house.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，作者下周将要
搬家。
2. What made the author begin to let go？（　　）
A. Her first wedding.
B. Her having cancer.
C. Her first husband’s death.
D. Her kids’ growing up.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，作者的第一任丈夫因癌
症去世后，作者开始学会放下。
3. What change did the author make to her life？（　　）
A. She got wealthier.
B. She became lonelier.
C. She bought more things.
D. She contacted others more.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第七段可知，作者开始珍惜生活中那
些真正重要的事物，并及时去做，不再拖延。
4. What message does the author want to convey by writing the text？
（　　）
A. Just learn to give up.
B. Value whatever you have.
C. Welcome the new change.
D. Possess as much as you can.
解析：　推理判断题。综合全文可知，作者结合自己的人生经
历，学会了放下。最后一段是本文的核心思想所在，作者认为我们
离开这个世界时什么都带不走，留下的只有回忆。let go 是本文的
关键词。
B
　　（2024·烟台高一下月考）A paradigm is the way you see
something； it’s your point of view， frame of reference， or
belief.Sometimes our paradigms are way off the mark， and， as a
result， they create limitations.For instance， you may be convinced that
you don’t have what it takes to get into college.But， remember Ptolemy
was just as convinced that the Earth was the center of the universe.
　　And think about the teen who believes she can’t get along with her
stepdad.If that is her paradigm， is she likely to ever get along with him？
Probably not， because that belief will hold her back from really trying.
　　Paradigms are like glasses.As a result， what you see is what you
get.If you believe you’re dumb， that very belief will make you
dumb.Or， if you believe your little sister is dumb， you’ll look for
evidence to support your belief and find it， and she’ll remain dumb in
your eyes.On the other hand， if you believe you’re smart， that belief
will cast a rosy colour on everything you do.
　　A teen named Kristi once shared with me how much she loved the
beauty of the mountains.One day she went to visit her eye doctor and， to
her surprise， discovered that her sight was much worse than she had
thought.After putting in her new contacts （隐形眼镜）， she was
astonished at how well she could see.As she put it，“I realised that the
mountains and trees and even the signs on the side of the road have more
details than I had ever imagined.It was the strangest thing.I didn’t know
how bad my eyes were until I experienced how good they could be.”
That’s often the way it is.We don’t know how much we’re missing
because we have messed up paradigms.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文中提到的paradigm指一种思维定式
或思维模式，它往往会限制我们的行为和行动的结果。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文中提到的paradigm指一种思维定式
或思维模式，它往往会限制我们的行为和行动的结果。
5. What does the underlined phrase “way off the mark” in the first
paragraph probably mean？（　　）
A. Not popular. B. Not practical.
C. Not accurate. D. Not important.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据下文可知，我们特定的思维模式会导
致局限性。由此可知，它们是“不准确的”。
6. What is the third paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A. The importance of our beliefs.
B. The problems with paradigms.
C. Our beliefs help us achieve more.
D. Our paradigms help us see better.
解析：　段落大意题。根据第三段可知，本段作者主要强调我们
有什么样的信仰和认知，往往就会有什么样的结果。
7. What made Kristi feel surprised？（　　）
A. That her eyes were so bad.
B. The clear views that she saw.
C. That her eyes are actually good.
D. The high quality of the new contacts.
解析：　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Kristi换上新的隐形眼
镜后看到了更清晰的风景和世界，这让她非常吃惊。
8. What does the author intend to tell us by Kristi’s story？（　　）
A. We are limited by our paradigms.
B. Our success is based on great tools.
C. Paradigms can benefit us sometimes.
D. We can achieve more with some help.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Kristi原来形成的
认知是自己的眼睛不行、只能看到模糊的世界，后来借助隐形眼镜
发现原来可以看到更清晰的世界。结合上文可知，作者想传递的信
息是：我们固有的认知会限制我们的发展。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2024·郑州高一下期末）If you have got your driving license，
congratulations！You have joined the millions of new drivers already
behind the wheel.9.（　　） Don’t worry； these feelings are normal.
　　Here are a few tips to keep you safe.
　　Know your limits.When you were a kid and first learned how to ride
a bike， you probably started out with the basics.10.（　　） As a new
driver， the key is to make sure you are extra-careful and practicing safe
driving habits.You might notice older friends and relatives doing
something risky — like speeding up instead of slowing down at a yellow
light.But when a new driver does it， it’s very dangerous.
　　11.（　　） This includes you and every passenger wearing a
seatbelt at all times， coming to a complete stop at all red lights and stop
signs， obeying speed limits， knowing when to yield （让路）， etc.
　　Avoid distractions.When you first start driving， it’s a good idea
to avoid taking friends along with you.While you’re a new driver，
driving with friends can be distracting and can increase the risk of a
crash.12.（　　） Other things that can distract any driver include
talking on the phone， eating， putting on make-up， and listening to
loud music.And it should go without saying — no texting！
　　Know other people’s limits.You aren’t the only person you have
to be responsible for on the road — there are aggressive and careless
drivers of all ages and driving experiences.Their presence on the road
means it’s not enough to make sure that you follow all the rules of the
road.13.（　　）
A. Obey all traffic rules.
B. Be as careful as possible.
C. Driving a car can be similar indeed.
D. Always keep in mind that safety comes first.
E. You also have to watch out for people who don’t.
F. You’re probably feeling excited， nervous， or possibly scared.
G. With more experience， driving with friends can become less
stressful.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。安全驾驶的重要性不言而喻，本文
是写给那些刚拿到驾照者的一些驾驶建议。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。安全驾驶的重要性不言而喻，本文
是写给那些刚拿到驾照者的一些驾驶建议。
9. F　下文说“这些感觉很正常”，这里暗示我们此处在叙述一些感
受，故F项符合语境。
10. C　上文在叙述小孩学自行车的情况，下文在谈论驾车的情况，C
项承上启下，符合语境。
11. A　本段所提到的系安全带、不超速等都是一些交通规则，A项符
合语境。
12. G　上文主要告诉我们驾车时带上朋友的危险性，G项符合语境，
说明随着驾驶经验的增加这种情况会逐渐好转。
13. E　上文指出仅仅你自己遵守交通规则是不够的。那么，此处肯
定要告诉我们还应该怎么办，故E项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·湖州高一下期末）If you had the choice of seeing the world
by going on a trip or bettering the world by staying at home and focusing
your energies there， which would it be？
　　The island of Islesboro 　14　 three miles off the mainland in
America. 　15　， Islesboro’s Central School seniors hold fund-raising
events to finance a once-in-a-lifetime class 　16　 at the end of their final
semester.Former student 　17　 include Paris， Iceland， Norway， and
Panama.
　　The Class of 2024 had already 　18　 close to $8，000 in donations
by the time their hopes of a journey to Asia were 　19　 by the travel
restrictions.With their plans 　20　， the group decided to spend the
money they’d earned a whole lot 　21　 to home by reinvesting it in
their community.
　　As 18-year-old senior Liefe Temple 　22　， “We could really see
how the whole world and the island， too， was struggling.So it felt
really 　23　 to do that in this special way — to 　24　 the money to the
people who gave it to us.”
　　The students’ earnings were 　25　 to the Island Community Fund
in aid of residents whose livelihoods were 　26　 by the pandemic.
　　“There is a strong sense of 　27　 in these students.That is because
their 　28　 demonstrated an awareness of the hardship in their
community and willingness to do something about it，” the Island
Community Fund president Fred Thomas told AP.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Islesboro是美国的一个小岛，该岛上
一所中学毕业班的学生放弃了出国旅游的机会，将所有费用捐给了
当地的社区。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Islesboro是美国的一个小岛，该岛上
一所中学毕业班的学生放弃了出国旅游的机会，将所有费用捐给了
当地的社区。
14. A. lies B. sets C. takes D. leaves
解析：　Islesboro小岛距离美洲大陆3英里远。
15. A. Hopefully B. Traditionally
C. Fortunately D. Eventually
解析：　按照传统惯例，该岛上中学毕业生要进行资金募集
活动。
16. A. trip B. group C. team D. project
解析：　这些募集的资金将用于一次班级的旅游。
17. A. activities B. hobbies
C. suggestion D. destinations
解析：　以前同学们选择的旅游目的地包括巴黎、冰岛、挪威
和巴拿马等。
18. A. borrowed B. collected
C. managed D. discovered
解析：　2024届毕业班的同学筹集了将近8，000美元。
19. A. disturbed B. prevented
C. confirmed D. stressed
解析：　令他们失望的是，他们打算出国旅游的希望由于旅游
限制而破灭了。
20. A. decided B. revised
C. cancelled D. introduced
解析：　由于旅游限制的原因，他们旅游的计划不得不取消。
21. A. closer B. farther
C. cheaper D. shorter
解析：他们放弃旅游后，打算将这些钱花在离家更近的地方。
22. A. suggested B. requested
C. demanded D. explained
解析：　18岁的Liefe Temple解释了他们这么做的原因。
23. A. funny B. strange
C. good D. terrible
解析：　Liefe Temple认为，他们选择捐款的做法令他们感
觉很好。
24. A. give back B. take over
C. turn down D. make out
解析：　这些中学生将募集来的钱又回馈给了当地社区。
25. A. raised B. donated
C. arranged D. delivered
解析：　他们将这些钱捐赠给了当地社区的基金组织。
26. A. exchanged B. determined
C. controlled D. influenced
解析：　这一基金专门用来帮助那些生活受流行病影响的居民。
27. A. time B. hope C. pride D. dream
解析：C　同学们的高尚举动让他们获得一种强烈的自豪感。
28. A. advice B. principle
C. decision D. project
解析：　同学们所作出的决定，展示出他们对流行病中人们苦
难的认识。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　（2024·陕西四校高一下联考）You are driving along on a wild
stormy night.You pass by a bus stop， and see three people 29. 　　
（wait） for the bus：（1）An elderly woman who is about 30. 　　
（die）；（2）An old friend who once saved your life；（3）The
perfect mate you’ve been dreaming about.
　　Which would you choose， knowing there could only be one
passenger in your car？ Should you save the elderly woman or take the old
friend 31. 　　 he once saved your life？ You may never find your perfect
dream lover again！
　　This quiz was given to 200 32. 　　 （applicant） for a single
job.The one who 33. 　　 （hire） responded， “I would give the car
keys to my friend and let 34. 　　 （he） take the elderly woman to the
hospital.Then I would stay behind and wait for the bus with the woman of
my dreams.”
　　What a brilliant answer！ That’s 35. 　　 （exact） what we say
“think outside the box”.In other words， we need to think differently，
creatively， or 36. 　　 a new angle.
　　Thinking outside the box 37. 　　 （start） well before we’re
“boxed in”— that is， well before we meet a unique situation and start
forcing it into a familiar “box” 38. 　　 we already know how to deal
with.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。面对一道奇怪的面试问题，为何一
位求职者能够从200人中脱颖而出呢？
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。面对一道奇怪的面试问题，为何一
位求职者能够从200人中脱颖而出呢？
29. waiting　see sb doing sth 是一个固定句式，表示“看见某人正在
做某事”。
30. to die　be about to do sth 表示“将要做某事”，这里是说这位老
太太即将死亡。
31. because　本空后面的从句表示你应该选择老朋友的原因，应用连
词because。
32. applicants　由于有200名求职者，因此应用applicant的复数形式。
33. was hired　由于这名求职者是“被录用”，因此用一般过去时的
被动语态。
34. him　let为动词，后面应用人称代词的宾格来作其宾语。
35. exactly　由于本空前面是系动词，因此这里应用副词。
36. from　from a ...angle是固定搭配，表示“从……的角度”。
37. starts　本句为动词-ing短语作主语，且描述一种客观现实，因此
用一般现在时。
38. which/that　此处box为先行词，后面是一个定语从句，应用关系
代词which/that。
谢谢观看！

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