资源简介

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.He has returned to South Africa from his long o　　　　　　 trip.
2.The old ginkgo tree has survived for m　　　　　　 of years.
3.We divide into pairs and each pair takes a r　　　　　　.
4.Many of the hairpins are different v　　　　　　 of plastic flowers.
5.The storm caused some 　　　　　　（损坏） to some houses， but they were not destroyed.
6.As is known to all， humans take in 　　　　　　（氧气） and breathe out carbon dioxide.
7.Now that you have 　　　　　　（大量） of work to do， you don’t have to help me with the housework.
8.The rare mountain grass is said to be in danger of 　　　　　　（灭绝） in the near future.
9.The young singer remains a 　　　　　　（出色的） figure in rock and roll.
10.A good way to protect 　　　　　　（物种）is to let them go back to forests and live freely.
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.The polluted water from the factory is， of course， 　　　　　　（harm）.
2.The local government has taken measures to prevent the rare animals from 　　　　　　（extinct）.
3.He died six weeks later of a 　　　　　　（mass） heart attack.
4.The Garden’s menu is based on Hawaiian 　　　　　　（region） cuisine.
5.The police are investigating the 　　　　　　（disappear） of key files on the killers.
6.This country is a traditional 　　　　　　（agriculture）society， with a majority of farming population.
7.Nature mainly refers to 　　　　　　（live）things， including plants and animals in the wild.
8.At that time， people were divided geographically， leading to 　　　　　　（vary） of dialects and characters.
9.My bedroom is four meters in 　　　　　　（long） and three meters in width.
10.The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle.There were no 　　　　　　（survive）.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.由于有很多家庭作业要做，小男孩只好一整天都待在家里。（独立主格结构）
　　　　　　　　　　　　， the little boy had to stay at home all day.
2.这种塑料很难在短时间内分解。（break down）
This kind of plastic 　　　　　　　　　　　　in a short time.
3.他把地址弄错了，为此他向我们道歉。（“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句）
He got the address wrong， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.山脚下坐落着一个小村庄。（完全倒装句）
At the foot of the mountain 　　　　　　　　　　.
5.尽管学生们来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营相处得非常好。（while引导让步状语从句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， they got on quite well in the summer camp.
6.在过去的五到十年里，这些住宿加早餐的地方在一些地方很受欢迎。 （“介词＋the past/last＋时间段”与现在完成时连用）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， these bed-and-breakfast places 　　　　　　　　　popular in some places.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　Covering more than half 1.　　　　　　 size of China， the Amazon rainforest， whose name 2.　　　　　　 （get） from the Amazon River， plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.3.　　　　　　 the richest biodiversity on the Earth， the Amazon rainforest’s different levels are home to various living things， 4.　　　　　　 （provide） food and shelter for an unbelievable variety of wildlife.There are more than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals 5.　　　　　　 （live） in this forest.This jaguar is one example.When a jaguar dies， a tiny army of microorganisms helps break 6.　　　　　　 its body and return the 7.　　　　　　 （nutrient） to the earth.Though 8.　　　　　　 （know） as the “lungs of the planet”， much of the Amazon rainforest is in danger of 9.　　　　　　　　 （disappear） and more species are dying out.We cannot afford 10.　　　　　　　　 （damage） the “lungs of the planet”.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Douglas Thron’s love for animals began when he was a little kid.After he grew up， Thron worked as a photographer for shows like Discovery Channel’s Shark Week， filming the great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cruz， California.But Thron says it was the Paradise fire in California in 2018 that pushed him to do animal rescue work.
　　At the time， Thron was filming a man who was rescuing cats after the fire using a special camera.The camera uses heat to look for the animals at night.Thron and the man talked about how wonderful it would be to put one on a drone （无人机） to search for animals more easily.He explains that flying a drone over a big disaster gives you a real feel for how serious the disaster is.He adds， “You definitely get inspired to drop everything to help as much as possible.The feeling I get when I rescue an animal is an unbelievable feeling， so it just keeps me going.”
　　The first animal Thron ever rescued was a dog after a hurricane happened， which destroyed hundreds of houses.Thron tested out flying a drone and found the dog in the middle of where hundreds of houses had been destroyed.“I flew the drone over and I found him.Nobody claimed him after 30 days so I adopted him， and he’s a super wonderful dog，” he says.
　　Thron adds that he’s been going non-stop since then.His TV show Doug to the Rescue shows some of his heart-warming animal rescues， including those after Hurricane Laura in Louisiana in 2020 and after fires in Northern California and Oregon.Thron also helped rescue koalas after the horrible fires ravaged parts of Australia and burned down a number of houses in 2020， using drones for the first time there to help locate so many animals.
1.Why did Douglas Thron film the great white sharks before 2018？（　　）
A.He wanted to protect them. B.They were his favourite animals.
C.It was part of his work. D.He did so to get close to nature.
2.What is the key to finding an animal at night by using the special camera？（　　）
A.The animal’s size.
B.The animal’s loud noise.
C.The animal’s living habit.
D.The animal’s body temperature.
3.What can we know about the first animal that Douglas Thron ever rescued？（　　）
A.It’s now living with Thron.
B.It was claimed after being found.
C.Thron found it through its barks in ruins.
D.It’s helping Thron find other trapped animals.
4.What does the underlined word “ravaged” in the last paragraph probably mean？（　　）
A.Protected. B.Destroyed.
C.Changed. D.Improved.
B
　　In the past 30 years， the non-profit organization Friends of Trees planted trees along the streets of Portland， Oregon.Now， a new study shows that each tree planted is connected with great reductions in non-accidental and cardiovascular （心血管的） death.
　　Evidence pointing to a connection between exposure to nature and less death is obvious.Between 1990 and 2020， Friends of Trees planted 49，246 street trees.The research team looked at the number of trees planted in a given area in the past 5， 10 or 15 years.They connected this information with death due to cardiovascular， respiratory （呼吸的） or non-accidental causes in that same area， using data from the Oregon Health Authority.The results showed that in neighbourhoods in which more trees had been planted， death rates were lower.This negative connection was significant for cardiovascular and non-accidental death rates， particularly for males and people over the age of 65.
　　Furthermore， the connection got stronger as trees aged and grew： The reduction in death rates connected with trees planted 11－15 years before was double that observed with trees planted in the past 1－5 years.This means that older trees are connected with larger decreases in death and that protecting existing grown trees may be particularly important for public health.
　　This study doesn’t provide a direct opinion about how trees improve health.However， the finding that large trees have a greater health effect than smaller ones is obvious， because larger trees are better at absorbing air pollution， adjusting temperatures， and reducing noise.
　　“We observed the effect both in green and less green neighbourhoods， which suggests street tree planting benefits both，” says Geoffrey H.Donovan， first author of the study.“Besides， the benefits of tree planting is greatly more valuable than the cost.Our results provide important evidence for clear interventions （e.g.planting trees） to increase the lifetime of urban people，” adds Donovan.
5.How long did Friends of Trees spend planting 49，246 street trees？（　　）
A.About 5 years. B.About 10 years.
C.About 15 years. D.About 30 years.
6.What can we learn from the research？（　　）
A.Women gain no benefit from trees.
B.Trees can improve health in various ways.
C.Older trees contribute more to public health.
D.Trees grow well in green and less green communities.
7.What does Donovan mean in the last paragraph？（　　）
A.We should get close to nature.
B.We should protect older trees.
C.We should plant more street trees.
D.We should join the Friends of Trees.
8.How does the author mainly develop the topic of the text？（　　）
A.By listing numbers.
B.By stating results.
C.By describing processes.
D.By making comparisons.
C
　　On 1 April 2021， 24-year-old Jibin Madhu packed a bag with a few clothes and other necessities and left his home in search of a job.But he was certain that a full-time job would never work for him as he wanted to explore new things.So， he decided to spend many days at different destinations， work somewhere for not more than a month， earn money and travel to another place.
　　“For as long as I can remember， I’ve been into travelling.Nearby hills， rivers and tourist places were the destinations at first，” says Jibin， a hotel management graduate.“But when I became a teenager， an all-India trip was always my dream.”
　　When finding jobs at different locations became a task and his wallet felt lighter， Jibin decided to start a food stall （摊位） on his bike.He had a kerosene stove （煤油炉） and a few utensils （器具） along with some rice.He bought some more things to serve noodles， bread and tea to travellers on his way.The kitchen was set up on the bike’s top box where water and kerosene were stored.Everything felt simple as he had previous experience in a kitchen.
　　In some areas， there were hardly any food stalls.Jibin began his business in these places and it was an immediate success.He earned 500－600 rupees per day from his two-wheeler food stall.
　　“More than the income from the stall， it was due to the kindness of people that I set out on my dream journey.While some offered me work， others provided me with a space to sleep.A man from Assam even gifted me a tent， as mine was broken in the middle，” he says.
　　While usual riders cover hundreds of kilometres a day， Jibin finds a destination and stays there for a few days getting to know its people and culture.This also helps him find small jobs too.
　　Jibin has plans to visit foreign countries on his two-wheeler.He is preparing himself and his bike for this big journey now.“Whatever happens， I’ll have my kerosene stove and utensils ready， which gives me the confidence of reaching my destination，” he says.
9.What might Jibin have been interested in at 24？（　　）
A.Having a cool bike. B.Finding a full-time job.
C.Making a cross-country journey. D.Graduating in hotel management.
10.What can we learn about Jibin’s food stall？（　　）
A.It had little competition. B.It sold packaged food.
C.It was set up for locals. D.It made no money at first.
11.What really impressed Jibin？（　　）
A.The challenges he met. B.The views along the way.
C.The friendliness of strangers. D.The food from different places.
12.What is the difference between Jibin and usual riders？（　　）
A.He makes no preparations before a ride.
B.He prefers experiencing local customs.
C.He changes destinations halfway through.
D.He likes riding without stops for a long time.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Stop Bagging Leaves！
　　Many animals depend on fallen leaves to survive.Although not directly related to leaves， a study shows North America has already lost 3 billion birds since 1970.13.（　　） Bagging leaves may cause birds to die.
　　Fallen leaves are nature’s way of renewing itself.14.（　　） Without the nutrients from decomposing （腐烂的） leaves， the grass in your garden requires chemical fertilizer （肥料）， which will run off into water sources and harm the environment.
　　When leaves are blown into the street， they flow down drains （下水道） and into rivers and streams.These water sources become blocked， and eventually， back up into streets.It will influence water quality in rivers and streams.15.（　　）
　　When leaves are bagged and sent to the landfill （废物填埋场）， they produce a greenhouse gas called methane （甲烷）， which will worsen the climate change problem.It’s important to note， however， that bagging leaves is not the problem — it’s what we do with the leaves that make the difference.
　　16.（　　） Cut the leaves into smaller pieces， allowing them to break down faster.Mix them into garden beds.If leaves are allowed to decompose and return to the soil， it can reduce the need for chemical fertilizer.
　　Try to practice environmentally friendly habits.Just by not bagging leaves， we can protect the natural habitats of lots of animals.17.（　　）
A.You may forget to bag them.
B.Birds feed on insects that live in fallen leaves.
C.It will also harm animals that depend on the water sources.
D.It won’t allow sunlight to reach the ground， and the grass will die.
E.And it will cut down on all that time spent filling and pulling bags！
F.Leaves provide nutrients that enrich the soil for growing plants in spring.
G.Experts have suggested some ways to maintain your yard， without bagging leaves.
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础知识自测
维度一
1.overseas　2.millions　3.region　4.varieties　5.damage　6.oxygen　7.masses　8.extinction　9.towering　10.species
维度二
1.harmful　2.extinction　3.massive　4.regional
5.disappearance　6.agricultural　7.living　8.varieties
9.length　10.survivors
维度三
1.Lots of homework to do
2.is difficult to break down
3.for which he apologised to us
4.lies a small village
5.While the students came from different countries
6.In the past five to ten years； have become
维度四
1.the　2.is got　3.With 　4.providing　5.living　6.down
7.nutrients　8.known　9.disappearance/disappearing
10.to damage
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。道格拉斯·索恩从小就热爱动物，长大后，他开始从事动物救援工作。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中After he grew up ...filming the great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cruz， California.可知，当时拍摄大白鲨是道格拉斯·索恩工作的一部分。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中The camera uses heat to look for the animals at night.可知，在晚上的时候，使用特殊的摄像机寻找动物靠的是它们散发出来的热量，所以动物的体温是夜晚救援工作的关键。
3.A　推理判断题。根据第三段中Nobody claimed him after 30 days so I adopted him， and he’s a super wonderful dog可知，索恩收养了他救助的第一只狗。由此推断，他们现在生活在一起。
4.B　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的burned down a number of houses可推断，应是可怕的大火摧毁了澳大利亚部分地区，ravage意为“毁坏，破坏”，与destroy的意思最接近。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在过去的三十年间，一个名为Friends of Trees的公益性组织种植了大量的行道树。一项新的研究表明，行道树与降低死亡率有关。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中Between 1990 and 2020， Friends of Trees planted 49，246 street trees.可知，Friends of Trees花了大约30年的时间种植了49246棵行道树。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段第二句可知，树龄较长的树木对公众健康的贡献更大。
7.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段多诺万所说的话可知，种行道树成了延长城市居民寿命的有效方法，所以多诺万提倡种更多的行道树。
8.B　推理判断题。文章第一段介绍一项新的研究表明，每种植一棵树，就能大大减少非意外死亡和因心血管疾病死亡的人数；结合第二段第一句、第三段第一句和第四段内容可推知，作者主要是通过陈述研究结果来展开文章主题的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了青年Jibin骑车环游印度的故事。
9.C　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，Jibin在24岁时决定边工作边旅行，结合第二段中的For as long as I can remember， I’ve been into travelling.和when I became a teenager， an all-India trip was always my dream可知，他在24岁时最可能对环游全国感兴趣。be into sth对某事物很有兴趣，非常喜欢某事物。
10.A　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，在一些地区，几乎没有食品摊，即Jibin几乎没有竞争对手，因此他的生意立即取得了成功。本段中的rupee是印度的货币单位“卢比”。
11.C　推理判断题。根据第五段中Jibin所说的话可知，虽然食品摊的收入还可以，但更重要的是人们的友善才使得他踏上了梦想之旅。由此可推知，沿途陌生人的友善给他留下了深刻的印象。
12.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，通常的骑手每天要骑行几百公里，而Jibin找到一个目的地，就在那里待上几天，了解那里的人和文化，即Jibin更喜欢感受各地的风俗而不是长时间骑车。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。落叶是大自然自我更新的方式，为了保护环境，请不要随意把院子里的落叶装进袋子。
13.B　上文提到许多动物依靠落叶生存，下文提到把落叶装进袋子的行为可能会导致鸟类死亡，设空处应该与鸟类生存和落叶之间的关系有关。B项（鸟类以生活在落叶中的昆虫为食）与下文内容形成因果关系。bag此处作动词，意为“把……装进袋子”。
14.F　根据语境可知，设空处起承上启下作用，既解释落叶如何让大自然进行自我更新，又引出下文提到的没有落叶的后果。F项（落叶为春天生长的植物所需的土壤提供了养分）中的nutrients与下文中的nutrients为原词复现。
15.C　上文提到落叶会堵塞河流，影响水源的水质，C项与上句It will influence water quality in rivers and streams.形成并列关系，解释了落叶带来的负面影响，其中water sources呼应上文中的rivers and streams，It与上句中的It均指代上文提到的“水源被堵塞最终回流到街道”这一情况。
16.G　根据上文内容可知，作者认为把落叶装进袋子并不是问题，重要的是我们如何处理落叶；下文提到处理落叶的方法：切碎树叶让其快速分解、把树叶混入到花圃中。由此推断，本段旨在介绍不把落叶装进袋子也可以维持花园干净的方法，G项中的bagging leaves呼应上文中的bagging leaves。
17.E　作者在本段呼吁大家养成环保的习惯，并指出不把落叶装进袋子带来的好处。E项与上文中的protect the natural habitats of lots of animals形成并列关系，其中的bags呼应上文中的bagging。
5 / 5Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
The Amazon rainforest： a natural treasure
　　[1]Welcome to the jungle， a huge sea of① green alive with② the sounds of animals.This is the Amazon rainforest.[2]As the largest rainforest in the world， it plays a significant role in③ maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem④.
　　[1]句中a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals是名词the jungle的同位语。
　　[2]动词-ing形式短语maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem作介词in的宾语。
　　[3]The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries， including Brazil and Peru， and one overseas region⑤ of France， all on the South American continent⑥.[4]With an area of around 6 million⑦ square kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.[5]The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its name， is close to 6，400 kilometres in length⑧— roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.On its journey from the mountains to the ocean， the river supports many different ecosystems.They give this area the richest biodiversity⑨ on the Earth： one in ten known species⑩ in the world can be found here.
　　[3]句中all on the South American continent是独立主格结构（代词＋介词短语），在句中作状语。
　　[4]句中With an area of around 6 million square kilometres是with复合结构作状语；more than half the size of China 是倍数表达法之一，其结构为“倍数＋the size of＋被比较的对象”。
　　[5]“介词（from）＋which”引导非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词The Amazon River。
　　[6]Of the 390，000 plant species known to us， more than 40，000 can be found in the Amazon.This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat； these water lilies are big enough to lie down on.The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife .At the bottom， there is a system of roots beneath the ground.[7]Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods ， and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground.Each level of the forest forms its own little world， home to different kinds of living things.
　　[6]句中known to us为动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语the 390，000 plant species。
　　[7]本句是完全倒装句。表示地点、方位的介词短语Above that置于句首，句子用完全倒装结构。
　　More than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life.This jaguar is one example.It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots.[8]While a significant number of jaguars survive here， they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.They feed on at least 87 species， including frogs.These frogs ， in turn ， feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.When a jaguar dies， a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
　　The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen .Thus， it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”.Moreover， the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals： us.[9]Over the past 50 years， about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.[10]As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left with a question： can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？
　　[8]While引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。
　　[9]本句时间状语为Over the past 50 years，是“over/in/during/for＋the past/last＋时间段”结构，主句用现在完成时。
　　[10]句中As意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。
【读文清障】
①a （huge） sea of 大量的，大片的
②（be） alive with 充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）
③play a significant role in 在……方面起着重要作用
④ecosystem n.生态系统
　[助记] 前缀eco- （生态的，环境的）＋system （系统）→ecosystem
　ecology n.生态；生态学
　ecotourism n.生态旅游
　eco-friendly adj.环保的
⑤overseas region 海外地区
　overseas adj.海外的，国外的
　adv.在海外，向国外
　region n.地区，区域；行政区
⑥continent n.大陆，陆地，洲
⑦million num.一百万；许多，大量
　millions of 数百万的
　billion num.十亿；数以十亿计
　billions of 数以十亿计的；数十亿；几十亿
⑧length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长
　in length 在长度上
⑨biodiversity n.生物多样性
　[助记] 前缀bio- （生物的）＋diversity （多样性）→biodiversity
　biology n.生物学
　biologist n.生物学家
⑩species n.（pl.species） 种，物种
nut n.坚果
　brazil nut 巴西坚果
lily n.百合（花）
　water lily 睡莲
variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
　various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的
　a variety of 各种各样的
wildlife n.野生动植物，野生生物
beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上
mass n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的
　masses of 大量的，许多的
towering adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的
　tower n.塔 v.高于，远远超过；高耸于；胜过
hardwood n.阔叶树；硬材（阔叶树的木材）
living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n.生计，谋生；生活方式
　living things 生物
mammal n.哺乳动物
jaguar n.美洲豹，美洲虎
survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难
frog n.蛙，青蛙
in turn 相应地，转而；依次，轮流
　by turns 时而
microorganism n.微生物
　a tiny army of microorganisms 一小支微生物军队
break down 使分解（为），使变化（成）
　break up 打碎；垮掉；解散；结束；期终放假
nutrient n.营养素，营养物
breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力
　breathe in and breathe out 吸气和呼气
carbon n.碳
　carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
oxygen n.氧，氧气
　take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide　吸入氧，呼出二氧化碳
irreplaceable adj.不能替代的
disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪
　disappearance n.消失；不见
　[反义]appear vi.出现→appearance n.出现
due to 由于，因为
　[同义]because of、 thanks to、 owing to、 as a result of、 on account of、 in consequence of/as a consequence of
agriculture n.农业，农学
　agricultural adj.农业的，农学的
cattle n.牛
　cattle farming 养牛
impact n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞
　vi.& vt.有影响；冲击
　have an impact/influence/effect on　对……产生影响
extinction n.灭绝，绝种
　extinct adj.已灭绝的，绝种的；废除了的
　in danger of extinction 处于灭绝的危险之中
damage vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
　cause/do damage to 对……造成损害
【参考译文】
亚马孙雨林：大自然的宝藏
　　欢迎来到这片丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。这里是亚马孙雨林。作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。
　　亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块法国的海外领地，都位于南美洲大陆。亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。这条河从高山流向海洋，沿途维系着多种不同的生态系统。它们赋予这片区域地球上最丰富的生物多样性：全世界十分之一的已知物种，都可以在这里找到。
　　在人类已知的390000种植物物种中，在亚马孙可以找到40000多种。这棵高大、古老的巴西坚果树结出的坚果我们可以食用：这些睡莲（叶片）大到可以躺在上面。雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。在底部，有一个地表下的根系。往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。再往上一层由低矮的阔叶植物组成。然后是高耸、古老的阔叶树，最后是那些离地数米之高的大树的树冠。雨林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，成为各种生物的家园。
　　1300多种鸟和400多种哺乳动物藏身于这片丛林的植被中。这只美洲豹就是个例子。它黄棕色的皮毛上遍布着黑点。尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链上的一个要素。它们捕食的物种至少有87种，其中包括青蛙。相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。
　　亚马孙雨林通过固定碳，并产生超过全球总量20%的氧气，使得地球生生不息。因此，它也常常被称作“地球之肺”。此外，亚马孙雨林还是食用物种和药用物种的宝库。然而，这些无可取代的动植物面临的一个主要威胁就是：我们。在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约17%的雨林已经消失了。随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.Which of the following statements about the Amazon rainforest is TRUE according to the passage？（　　）
A.The Amazon rainforest plays an important part in keeping the balance of human and nature.
B.The Amazon rainforest crosses into seven countries， including Brazil and Peru.
C.The area of the Amazon rainforest is around 6 million square metres，more than half the size of China.
D.The Amazon rainforest is named after the Amazon River，which is close to 6，400 kilometres in length.
2.What can be inferred from the third paragraph in the passage？（　　）
A.There are only 390，000 species of plants on the Earth.
B.Different species of plants in Amazon rainforest grow in different levels.
C.At the bottom of the Amazon rainforest grow some bushes.
D.The ancient brazil nut trees and the water lilies are living in the same level.
3.The author uses the example of “jaguars” in Paragraph 4 　　　　.（　　）
A.to prove that some rare animals are still found in the rainforest
B.to show that they are only one element of this rainforest’s food chain
C.to explain how the food chain is formed
D.to warn readers to protect the animals from being damaged in the rainforest
4.Why is the Amazon rainforest known as the “lungs of the planet”？（　　）
A.Because it looks like a lung.
B.Because there are many species of plants and animals there.
C.Because it fixes carbon and produces over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.
D.Because the Amazon rainforest will disappear.
5.Which is the major danger to wildlife species in the Amazon rainforest？（　　）
A.Agriculture.
B.Cattle farming.
C.Human activities.
D.Carbon and oxygen.
6.What’s the style of the passage？（　　）
A.An advertisement.
B.A travel journal.
C.An experiment report.
D.A documentary script.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
这篇课文中出现了一些带有否定前缀的词汇，请找出它们，并自己再写出一些。
Prefixes Words
dis-
un-
in-/im-/il-/ir-
non-
2.美文欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
课文The Amazon rainforest： a natural treasure的语篇类型是纪录片脚本。纪录片脚本的语言作为电视语言中的一种，有其独特的风格。
（1）从人称和语气的角度看：作者大量使用第三人称，力求展现出真实的亚马孙雨林。但也少量使用了第一人称来拉近和读者的距离，引发读者共鸣。多使用陈述语气，有时也会使用疑问句，但其作用与其说是向读者提问，不如说是在引发读者的思考。例如，文章最后一段中的句子 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　。
（2）从语体风格来看：本文是阐释型纪录片，本质上属于说明文，内容科学、结构严谨、语言严密准确。例如，第二段中的句子　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，作者使用了列数字和作比较的说明方法，帮助读者对亚马孙雨林的面积留下具体而鲜明的印象。另一方面，该脚本也借用了一些修辞手法来使其语言形象贴切，提升艺术感染力。例如，最后一段中的句子　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，作者把亚马孙雨林比作“地球之肺”，使其重要性跃然纸上。
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
harm n.& vt.伤害，损害
【教材原句】　The human race has done much harm.人类已经造成了很多伤害。
【用法】
（1）do/cause sb/sth harm＝do/cause harm to sb/sth　　　 对某人/某物造成危害/有害 there is no harm in doing sth＝it does no harm to do sth 做某事并无害处；不妨做某事 （2）harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to ... 对……有害 （3）harmless adj. 无害的 be harmless to ... 对……无害
【佳句】　While the Sun’s rays can age and be harmful to our skin， they also give us beneficial vitamin D.
虽然太阳光线会使皮肤老化，对皮肤有害，但它们也给我们提供有益的维生素D。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①There is no harm in 　　　　　　（live） in that region for a long time.
②Staring at the screen is 　　　　　　（harm） to our eyes.
【写美】　一句多译
③有些男孩对玩电脑游戏太痴迷，这对他们的健康非常有害。
→Some boys are too crazy about playing computer games， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（harm，定语从句）
→Some boys are too crazy about playing computer games，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（harm，分词短语作状语）
variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
【教材原句】　The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.
雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。
【用法】
（1）a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的；不同种类的 （2）vary v. 变化；使多样化 vary from ...to ... 由……到……不等；在……和……之间变动 vary with ... 随……而变动 vary in ... 在……方面不同/变化 （3）various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的
【佳句】　Throughout the event， I was struck by an incredible variety of plants that exist in the world.在整个活动过程中，我被世界上存在的各种各样的植物所震撼。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Opinions on this matter vary 　　　　　　person to person.
②They discussed 　　　　　　（vary） matters all over the world.
③As the world’s first national park， Yellowstone is famous for the 　　　　　　（vary） of its wildlife.
【写美】　词汇升级
④Our team， apart from regular training， will join in various activities.
→Our team， apart from regular training， will join in 　　　　　　　　　　　　activities.
in turn 相应地，转而；依次，轮流
【教材原句】　These frogs， in turn， feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.
相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。
【用法】
（1）in one’s turn 　接着；轮到某人 by turns 轮流；交替地（多用来强调某一时期反复发生的动作） it’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事了 （2）take turns to do/in doing sth 　轮流做某事 （3）It turns/turned out that ... 结果……
【佳句】　Don’t be afraid of difficulties.They can help you accumulate experience， and experience can， in turn， broaden your horizons.不要害怕困难。困难可以帮助你积累经验，经验转而又可以开阔你的视野。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①They had to take turns 　　　　　　（look） after the patients.
②The two daughters looked after their sick mother 　　　　　　turns.
③I think it’s my turn 　　　　　　（drive） the kids to school this week.
④Now that we have finished the design， it is 　　　　　　their turn to construct.
【写美】　翻译句子
⑤当轮到我时，我激动得说不出话来。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
break down 使分解（为），使变化（成）；出故障；垮掉；失败，破坏
【教材原句】　When a jaguar dies， a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。
【用法】
break in　　　　 强行进入；打断（谈话），插嘴 break into 闯入，破门而入 break out （战争、火灾、疾病等）爆发，突然发生 break up 解散；结束；期终放假；破碎 break through 突破；冲破；克服，战胜 break away （from） 逃脱；脱离
【佳句】　To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break it down into parts.
为了明白句子的语法，你必须把它分解成（几个）部分。
【练透】　用break的相关短语填空
①The business negotiation between the two sides 　　　　　　with no agreement reached.
②It is bad manners to 　　　　　　when people are having conversation.
③I was still sleeping when the fire 　　　　　　　　， and then it spread quickly.
④The little dog wanted to 　　　　　　its master but failed.
【写美】　翻译句子
⑤如果你继续像那样工作的话，迟早会累垮的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
due to 由于，因为（只能作表语）
【教材原句】　Over the past 50 years， about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约17%的雨林已经消失了。
【用法】
（1）due adj.　　　 由于，因为；应付的，应得的；适当的；预期的，到期的 be due to do sth 预期/预定要做某事 be due to sb 应付给/应给予/应归于某人 （2）表示“由于”的词组还有： because of 因为（只能作状语） thanks to 因为；幸亏（只能作状语） owing to 因为，由于（既可作状语，也可作表语）
【佳句】　In the beginning， it was quite difficult for me to read the musical notes due to my poor memory.
刚开始的时候，由于我记忆力不好，我很难读懂音符。
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Have they been paid the money that is due 　　　　　　them？
②The professor is due 　　　　　　（make） a speech this Friday.
③He had intended to return today， but he postponed the journey 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.他本打算今天返回，但由于糟糕的天气，他延迟了旅程。
【写美】　翻译句子
④公共汽车本应下午五点到达的，但由于大雾，它晚了一个小时。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
damage vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
【教材原句】　As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left with a question： can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？
【用法】
（1）be badly/seriously damaged 　　严重受损 be slightly damaged 轻微受损 （2）do/cause （great） damage to ...对……造成（很大的）损害 damage sb’s reputation/health 损害某人的名誉/健康 suffer damage 遭受损伤
【佳句】　The fire lasted over three weeks， causing a damage of at least twenty million dollars.大火持续了三个多星期，造成至少两千万美元的损失。
【点津】　damage 指部分性“损坏，破坏”，一般可以修复；而destroy指彻底地“破坏，毁坏”，一般不能或很难修复。
【练透】　完成句子
①I have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我有一种强烈的恐惧：我们正在说的谎言会对我们的孩子造成伤害。
②Many people 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in the earthquake.
许多人的房子在地震中遭受损坏。
③My mother is right： 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for a slim and attractive figure.
我妈妈说得对：不要为了苗条动人的身材而毁了自己的健康。
【写美】　翻译句子
④他不会做任何有可能损害她名誉的事情。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：倍数表达法
【教材原句】　With an area of around 6 million square kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。
【用法】
句中more than half the size of ...意为“比……一半还要大”，是一种倍数表达法。 （1）倍数表达法的常见结构： A＋be＋倍数＋ （2）此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语来表达；表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。
【品悟】　This river is three times the length of that one.
这条河是那条河的三倍长。
The people present at the meeting today are twice/double than those of last time.
今天到会的人员比上次多两倍。
【写美】　完成句子/一句多译
①This bridge is 　　　　　　　　　　　　that one.这座桥的宽度是那座桥的五倍。
②The red ruler is 　　　　　　　　　　　　the yellow one.
红色的尺子比黄色的长四倍。
③My school has expanded into a big one， which is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.我的学校已经扩建成了一所大学校，是以前的三倍大。
④The length of the road is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
这条路的长度是三年前的两倍。
⑤正在建的新体育馆将是操场的两倍大。
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　　the playground.（as）
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　　the playground.（size）
句型公式：“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
【教材原句】　The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its name， is close to 6，400 kilometres in length — roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。
【用法】
（1）“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰物时，关系代词用which，修饰人时用whom，在从句中作定语时用whose。 （2）“介词＋which/whom”既可引导非限制性定语从句，也可引导限制性定语从句。介词的确定要遵循以下原则： ①根据定语从句中动词或形容词等的某种习惯搭配来确定； ②根据与先行词搭配的具体意义来确定； ③根据所表达的意思来确定； ④表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。 （3）基本形式： ①“介词（短语）＋关系代词”（作状语）：关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换； ②“介词＋关系代词＋名词”（作状语）：关系代词常用which 和whose； ③“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”（作主语）：可转化为“whose＋名词”结构； ④“数词/形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词”（作主语）：数词还可以被some、 many、 most、 each等不定代词替换。
【品悟】　Lily might possibly come， in which case I’ll ask her.
莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
【写美】　完成句子/句式升级
①This is the camera 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
②We had bought an new map， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我们买了一张新地图，要是没有它我们就会迷路。
③I have about 10 books， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我大约有10本书，其中一半是冰心写的。
④He has ten cousins， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。
⑤I have actively attended English lectures， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　British and American cultures.我积极参加了英语讲座，从中我充分了解了英美文化。
⑥The activity， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　of environmental protection，appeals to a mass of volunteers.
这个旨在提高我们的环境保护意识的活动吸引了很多志愿者。
⑦He has a lot of friends and most of them are businessmen.
→He has a lot of friends， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（定语从句）
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.significant　2.balance　3.is home to　4.levels　5.1，300
6.situation　7.has disappeared　8.extinction
第二步
1－6　DBBCCD
第三步
1.disappear， disagree， disadvantage， dishonest， disabled， dissatisfied ...； unbelievable， unlimited， unhappy， unknown， unusual， unreal ...； irreplaceable， invisible， incorrect， imbalance， illegal， irregular ...； non-smoking， non-stop， non-existent， non-profit， non-fiction ...
2.（1）As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left with a question： can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？
（2）With an area of around 6 million square kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.； Thus， it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①living　②harmful　③which does/causes great harm to their health； doing/causing great harm to their health
2.①from　②various　③variety　④a variety of/varieties of
3.①to look　②by　③to drive　④in　⑤When it is in my turn， I am too excited to speak.
4.①broke down　②break in　③broke out　④break away from　⑤You will break down sooner or later if you go on working like that.
5.①to　②to make　③due to the horrible weather
④The bus was due to arrive at 5 p.m.， but it arrived one hour late due to the heavy fog.
6.①is doing/causing damage to our children　②had their houses damaged　③Don’t damage your health
④He won’t do anything that may damage her reputation.
Part Ⅱ
1.①five times the width of　②four times longer than
③three times as big as the previous one　④double/twice what it was three years ago　⑤twice as big as； twice the size of
2.①with which he often takes photos　②without which we would have lost our way　③half of which were written by Bing Xin　④the youngest of whom is very clever　⑤from which I have a good knowledge of　⑥the aim of which is to raise our awareness　⑦most of whom are businessmen
11 / 12(共118张PPT)
Section Ⅰ
Welcome to the unit & Reading
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
The Amazon rainforest： a natural treasure
　　[1]Welcome to the jungle， a huge sea of① green alive with② the
sounds of animals.This is the Amazon rainforest.[2]As the largest
rainforest in the world， it plays a significant role in③ maintaining the fine
balance of the Earth’s ecosystem④.
　　[1]句中a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals是名词
the jungle的同位语。
　　[2]动词-ing形式短语maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s
ecosystem作介词in的宾语。
【读文清障】
①a （huge） sea of 大量的，大片的
②（be） alive with 充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）
③play a significant role in 在……方面起着重要作用
④ecosystem n.生态系统
　[助记] 前缀eco- （生态的，环境的）＋system （系统）
→ecosystem
　ecology n.生态；生态学
　ecotourism n.生态旅游
　eco-friendly adj.环保的
　　[3]The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries， including
Brazil and Peru， and one overseas region⑤ of France， all on the South
American continent⑥.[4]With an area of around 6 million⑦ square
kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of
China.[5]The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its name，
is close to 6，400 kilometres in length⑧— roughly 100 kilometres longer
than the Yangtze River.On its journey from the mountains to the ocean，
the river supports many different ecosystems.They give this area the
richest biodiversity⑨ on the Earth： one in ten known species⑩ in the
world can be found here.
　　[3]句中all on the South American continent是独立主格结构（代
词＋介词短语），在句中作状语。
　　[4]句中With an area of around 6 million square kilometres是with复
合结构作状语；more than half the size of China 是倍数表达法之一，
其结构为“倍数＋the size of＋被比较的对象”。
　　[5]“介词（from）＋which”引导非限制性定语从句，which指
代先行词The Amazon River。
⑤overseas region 海外地区
　overseas adj.海外的，国外的
　adv.在海外，向国外
　region n.地区，区域；行政区
⑥continent n.大陆，陆地，洲
⑦million num.一百万；许多，大量
　millions of 数百万的
　billion num.十亿；数以十亿计
　billions of 数以十亿计的；数十亿；几十亿
⑧length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长
　in length 在长度上
⑨biodiversity n.生物多样性
　[助记] 前缀bio- （生物的）＋diversity （多样性）→biodiversity
　biology n.生物学
　biologist n.生物学家
⑩species n.（pl.species） 种，物种
　　[6]Of the 390，000 plant species known to us， more than 40，000
can be found in the Amazon.This tall and ancient brazil nut tree
produces nuts that we can eat； these water lilies are big enough to lie
down on.The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety
of wildlife .At the bottom， there is a system of roots beneath the
ground.[7]Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest
floor.The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.Then
there are the towering ancient hardwoods ， and finally the tops of the
tallest trees many metres above the ground.Each level of the forest forms
its own little world， home to different kinds of living things.
　　[6]句中known to us为动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词短
语the 390，000 plant species。
　　[7]本句是完全倒装句。表示地点、方位的介词短语Above that置
于句首，句子用完全倒装结构。
nut n.坚果
　brazil nut 巴西坚果
lily n.百合（花）
　water lily 睡莲
variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
　various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的
　a variety of 各种各样的
wildlife n.野生动植物，野生生物
beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上
mass n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的
　masses of 大量的，许多的
towering adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的
　tower n.塔 v.高于，远远超过；高耸于；胜过
hardwood n.阔叶树；硬材（阔叶树的木材）
living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n.生计，谋生；生活方式
　living things 生物
　　More than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals
hide among the jungle’s plant life.This jaguar is one example.It has
a yellowish-brown coat with black spots.[8]While a significant number of
jaguars survive here， they are only one element of this forest’s food
chain.They feed on at least 87 species， including frogs.These frogs ，
in turn ， feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.When a jaguar
dies， a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and
return the nutrients to the earth.
　　[8]While引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。
mammal n.哺乳动物
jaguar n.美洲豹，美洲虎
survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难
frog n.蛙，青蛙
in turn 相应地，转而；依次，轮流
　by turns 时而
microorganism n.微生物
　a tiny army of microorganisms 一小支微生物军队
break down 使分解（为），使变化（成）
　break up 打碎；垮掉；解散；结束；期终放假
nutrient n.营养素，营养物
　　The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing
carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen
.Thus， it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”.Moreover，
the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for
food or medicine.Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable
plants and animals： us.[9]Over the past 50 years， about 17 per cent of
the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as
agriculture and cattle farming.[10]As the impact of human
activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left with a question： can we afford to damage
the “lungs of the planet”？
　　[9]本句时间状语为Over the past 50 years，是“over/in/during/for
＋the past/last＋时间段”结构，主句用现在完成时。
　　[10]句中As意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。
breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力
　breathe in and breathe out 吸气和呼气
carbon n.碳
　carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
oxygen n.氧，氧气
　take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide　吸入氧，呼出二氧化碳
irreplaceable adj.不能替代的
disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪
disappearance n.消失；不见
　[反义]appear vi.出现→appearance n.出现
due to 由于，因为
　[同义]because of、 thanks to、 owing to、 as a result of、 on account
of、 in consequence of/as a consequence of
agriculture n.农业，农学
　agricultural adj.农业的，农学的
cattle n.牛
　cattle farming 养牛
impact n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞
vi.& vt.有影响；冲击
　have an impact/influence/effect on　对……产生影响
extinction n.灭绝，绝种
　extinct adj.已灭绝的，绝种的；废除了的
　in danger of extinction 处于灭绝的危险之中
damage vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
　cause/do damage to 对……造成损害
【参考译文】
亚马孙雨林：大自然的宝藏
　　欢迎来到这片丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物
发出的声音。这里是亚马孙雨林。作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系
地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。
　　亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块
法国的海外领地，都位于南美洲大陆。亚马孙雨林的面积约为600
万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。亚马孙雨林得名于
亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。这
条河从高山流向海洋，沿途维系着多种不同的生态系统。它们赋
予这片区域地球上最丰富的生物多样性：全世界十分之一的已知
物种，都可以在这里找到。
　　在人类已知的390000种植物物种中，在亚马孙可以找到40000多
种。这棵高大、古老的巴西坚果树结出的坚果我们可以食用：这些睡
莲（叶片）大到可以躺在上面。雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信
的野生动植物得以生存。在底部，有一个地表下的根系。往上是阴暗
森林地表厚实的落叶层。再往上一层由低矮的阔叶植物组成。然后是
高耸、古老的阔叶树，最后是那些离地数米之高的大树的树冠。雨林
的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，成为各种生物的家园。
　　1300多种鸟和400多种哺乳动物藏身于这片丛林的植被中。这只
美洲豹就是个例子。它黄棕色的皮毛上遍布着黑点。尽管相当多的美
洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链上的一个要素。它们捕
食的物种至少有87种，其中包括青蛙。相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为
食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力
其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。
　　亚马孙雨林通过固定碳，并产生超过全球总量20%的氧气，使得
地球生生不息。因此，它也常常被称作“地球之肺”。此外，亚马孙
雨林还是食用物种和药用物种的宝库。然而，这些无可取代的动植物
面临的一个主要威胁就是：我们。在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛
等人类活动，约17%的雨林已经消失了。随着人类活动的影响不断增
加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担
得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. Which of the following statements about the Amazon rainforest is
TRUE according to the passage？（　　）
A. The Amazon rainforest plays an important part in keeping the balance
of human and nature.
B. The Amazon rainforest crosses into seven countries， including Brazil
and Peru.
C. The area of the Amazon rainforest is around 6 million square metres，
more than half the size of China.
D. The Amazon rainforest is named after the Amazon River，which is
close to 6，400 kilometres in length.
2. What can be inferred from the third paragraph in the passage？
（　　）
A. There are only 390，000 species of plants on the Earth.
B. Different species of plants in Amazon rainforest grow in different
levels.
C. At the bottom of the Amazon rainforest grow some bushes.
D. The ancient brazil nut trees and the water lilies are living in the same
level.
3. The author uses the example of “jaguars” in Paragraph 4 　　　　.
（　　）
A. to prove that some rare animals are still found in the rainforest
B. to show that they are only one element of this rainforest’s food chain
C. to explain how the food chain is formed
D. to warn readers to protect the animals from being damaged in the
rainforest
4. Why is the Amazon rainforest known as the “lungs of the planet”？
（　　）
A. Because it looks like a lung.
B. Because there are many species of plants and animals there.
C. Because it fixes carbon and produces over 20 per cent of all the
Earth’s oxygen.
D. Because the Amazon rainforest will disappear.
5. Which is the major danger to wildlife species in the Amazon
rainforest？（　　）
A. Agriculture. B. Cattle farming.
C. Human activities. D. Carbon and oxygen.
6. What’s the style of the passage？（　　）
A. An advertisement.
B. A travel journal.
C. An experiment report.
D. A documentary script.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
这篇课文中出现了一些带有否定前缀的词汇，请找出它们，并自己
再写出一些。
Prefixes Words
dis-

disappear， disagree， disadvantage， dishonest， disabled，
dissatisfied ...
Prefixes Words
un-

in-/im-
/il-/ir-

non-

unbelievable， unlimited， unhappy， unknown， unusual，
unreal ...
irreplaceable， invisible， incorrect， imbalance， illegal，
irregular ...
non-smoking， non-stop， non-existent， non-profit， non-
fiction ...
2. 美文欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
课文The Amazon rainforest： a natural treasure的语篇类型是纪
录片脚本。纪录片脚本的语言作为电视语言中的一种，有其独
特的风格。
（1）从人称和语气的角度看：作者大量使用第三人称，力求展现
出真实的亚马孙雨林。但也少量使用了第一人称来拉近和读
者的距离，引发读者共鸣。多使用陈述语气，有时也会使用
疑问句，但其作用与其说是向读者提问，不如说是在引发读
者的思考。例如，文章最后一段中的句子



。
As the impact of
human activities continues to grow and the list of species in
danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left with a
question： can we afford to damage the “lungs of the
planet”？　
（2）从语体风格来看：本文是阐释型纪录片，本质上属于说明
文，内容科学、结构严谨、语言严密准确。例如，第二段中
的句子
，作
者使用了列数字和作比较的说明方法，帮助读者对亚马孙雨
林的面积留下具体而鲜明的印象。另一方面，该脚本也借用
了一些修辞手法来使其语言形象贴切，提升艺术感染力。例
如，最后一段中的句子
，作者把亚马孙雨林比作“地球之
肺”，使其重要性跃然纸上。
With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，
the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.　
Thus， it is often known as the
“lungs of the planet”.　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
harm n.& vt.伤害，损害
【教材原句】　The human race has done much harm.人类已经造成了
很多伤害。
【用法】
（1）do/cause sb/sth harm＝do/cause harm to sb/sth　　
对某人/某物造成危害/有害
there is no harm in doing sth＝it does no harm to do sth
做某事并无害处；不妨做某事
（2）harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to ... 对……有害
（3）harmless adj. 无害的
be harmless to ... 对……无害
【佳句】　While the Sun’s rays can age and be harmful to our skin，
they also give us beneficial vitamin D.
虽然太阳光线会使皮肤老化，对皮肤有害，但它们也给我们提供有益
的维生素D。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①There is no harm in （live） in that region for a long time.
②Staring at the screen is （harm） to our eyes.
living　
harmful　
【写美】　一句多译
③有些男孩对玩电脑游戏太痴迷，这对他们的健康非常有害。
→Some boys are too crazy about playing computer games，
.（harm，定语从句）
→Some boys are too crazy about playing computer
games， .（harm，分词短语
作状语）
which
does/causes great harm to their health　
doing/causing great harm to their health　
variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
【教材原句】　The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable
variety of wildlife.
雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。
【用法】
（1）a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的；不同种类的
（2）vary v. 变化；使多样化
vary from ...to ... 由……到……不等；在……和……之间变动
vary with ... 随……而变动
vary in ... 在……方面不同/变化
（3）various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的
【佳句】　Throughout the event， I was struck by an incredible variety
of plants that exist in the world.
在整个活动过程中，我被世界上存在的各种各样的植物所震撼。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Opinions on this matter vary person to person.
②They discussed （vary） matters all over the world.
③As the world’s first national park， Yellowstone is famous for
the （vary） of its wildlife.
from　
various　
variety　
【写美】　词汇升级
④Our team， apart from regular training， will join in various activities.
→Our team， apart from regular training， will join in
activities.
a variety
of/varieties of　
in turn 相应地，转而；依次，轮流
【教材原句】　These frogs， in turn， feed on insects which eat leaves
and fruit.
相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。
【用法】
（1）in one’s turn 　接着；轮到某人
by turns 轮流；交替地（多用来强调某一时期反复发生的动作）
it’s one’s turn to do sth　轮到某人做某事了
（2）take turns to do/in doing sth 　轮流做某事
（3）It turns/turned out that ... 结果……
【佳句】　Don’t be afraid of difficulties.They can help you accumulate
experience， and experience can， in turn， broaden your horizons.
不要害怕困难。困难可以帮助你积累经验，经验转而又可以开阔你的
视野。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①They had to take turns （look） after the patients.
②The two daughters looked after their sick mother turns.
③I think it’s my turn （drive） the kids to school this
week.
④Now that we have finished the design， it is their turn to
construct.
to look　
by　
to drive　
in　
【写美】　翻译句子
⑤当轮到我时，我激动得说不出话来。

When it is in my turn， I am too excited to speak.
break down 使分解（为），使变化（成）；出故障；垮掉；失败，
破坏
【教材原句】　When a jaguar dies， a tiny army of
microorganisms helps break down its body and return the
nutrients to the earth.美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸
体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。
【用法】
break in　　　　 强行进入；打断（谈话），插嘴
break into 闯入，破门而入
break out （战争、火灾、疾病等）爆发，突然发生
break up 解散；结束；期终放假；破碎
break through 突破；冲破；克服，战胜
break away （from） 逃脱；脱离
【佳句】　To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break
it down into parts.
为了明白句子的语法，你必须把它分解成（几个）部分。
【练透】　用break的相关短语填空
①The business negotiation between the two sides with no
agreement reached.
②It is bad manners to when people are having conversation.
③I was still sleeping when the fire ， and then it spread
quickly.
④The little dog wanted to its master but failed.
broke down　
break in　
broke out　
break away from　
【写美】　翻译句子
⑤如果你继续像那样工作的话，迟早会累垮的。

You will break down sooner or later if you go on working like that.
due to 由于，因为（只能作表语）
【教材原句】　Over the past 50 years， about 17 per cent of the
rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and
cattle farming.
在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约17%的雨林已经消
失了。
【用法】
（1）due adj.　　　由于，因为；应付的，应得的；适当的；预期
的，到期的
be due to do sth 预期/预定要做某事
be due to sb 应付给/应给予/应归于某人
（2）表示“由于”的词组还有：
because of 因为（只能作状语）
thanks to 因为；幸亏（只能作状语）
owing to 因为，由于（既可作状语，也可作表语）
【佳句】　In the beginning， it was quite difficult for me to read the
musical notes due to my poor memory.
刚开始的时候，由于我记忆力不好，我很难读懂音符。
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Have they been paid the money that is due them？
②The professor is due （make） a speech this Friday.
③He had intended to return today， but he postponed the journey
.
他本打算今天返回，但由于糟糕的天气，他延迟了旅程。
to　
to make　
due to
the horrible weather　
【写美】　翻译句子
④公共汽车本应下午五点到达的，但由于大雾，它晚了一个小时。


The bus was due to arrive at 5 p.m.， but it arrived one hour late due to
the heavy fog.
damage vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
【教材原句】　As the impact of human activities continues to grow and
the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left
with a question： can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？
随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给
我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？
【用法】
（1）be badly/seriously damaged 　　严重受损
be slightly damaged 轻微受损
（2）do/cause （great） damage to ...对……造成（很大的）损害
damage sb’s reputation/health 损害某人的名誉/健康
suffer damage 遭受损伤
【佳句】　The fire lasted over three weeks， causing a damage of at
least twenty million dollars.
大火持续了三个多星期，造成至少两千万美元的损失。
【点津】　damage 指部分性“损坏，破坏”，一般可以修复；而
destroy指彻底地“破坏，毁坏”，一般不能或很难修复。
【练透】　完成句子
①I have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling
.
我有一种强烈的恐惧：我们正在说的谎言会对我们的孩子造成伤害。
②Many people in the earthquake.
许多人的房子在地震中遭受损坏。
③My mother is right： for a slim and
attractive figure.
我妈妈说得对：不要为了苗条动人的身材而毁了自己的健康。
is doing/causing
damage to our children　
had their houses damaged　
Don’t damage your health　
【写美】　翻译句子
④他不会做任何有可能损害她名誉的事情。

He won’t do anything that may damage her reputation.
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：倍数表达法
【教材原句】　With an area of around 6 million square kilometres， the
Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还
要大。
【用法】
【品悟】　This river is three times the length of that one.
这条河是那条河的三倍长。
The people present at the meeting today are twice/double than those of
last time.
今天到会的人员比上次多两倍。
【写美】　完成句子/一句多译
①This bridge is that one.
这座桥的宽度是那座桥的五倍。
②The red ruler is the yellow one.
红色的尺子比黄色的长四倍。
③My school has expanded into a big one， which is
.
我的学校已经扩建成了一所大学校，是以前的三倍大。
④The length of the road is .
这条路的长度是三年前的两倍。
five times the width of　
four times longer than　
three times as big
as the previous one　
double/twice what it was three years ago　
⑤正在建的新体育馆将是操场的两倍大。
→The new stadium being built will be the
playground.（as）
→The new stadium being built will be the
playground.（size）
twice as big as　
twice the size of　
句型公式：“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
【教材原句】　The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its
name， is close to 6，400 kilometres in length — roughly 100 kilometres
longer than the Yangtze River.
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米，比长江还长
约100千米。
【用法】
（1）“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰物时，关
系代词用which，修饰人时用whom，在从句中作定语时用whose。
（2）“介词＋which/whom”既可引导非限制性定语从句，也可引导
限制性定语从句。介词的确定要遵循以下原则：
①根据定语从句中动词或形容词等的某种习惯搭配来确定；
②根据与先行词搭配的具体意义来确定；
③根据所表达的意思来确定；
④表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
（3）基本形式：
①“介词（短语）＋关系代词”（作状语）：关系代词只能用which
或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换；
②“介词＋关系代词＋名词”（作状语）：关系代词常用which 和
whose；
③“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”（作主语）：可转化为“whose
＋名词”结构；
④“数词/形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词”（作主语）：数词还可以
被some、 many、 most、 each等不定代词替换。
【品悟】　Lily might possibly come， in which case I’ll ask her.莉莉
可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
【写美】　完成句子/句式升级
①This is the camera .
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
②We had bought an new map，
.
我们买了一张新地图，要是没有它我们就会迷路。
③I have about 10 books， .
我大约有10本书，其中一半是冰心写的。
④He has ten cousins， .
他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。
with which he often takes photos　
without which we would have lost our
way　
half of which were written by Bing Xin　
the youngest of whom is very clever　
⑤I have actively attended English lectures，
British and American cultures.
我积极参加了英语讲座，从中我充分了解了英美文化。
⑥The activity， of
environmental protection，appeals to a mass of volunteers.
这个旨在提高我们的环境保护意识的活动吸引了很多志愿者。
⑦He has a lot of friends and most of them are businessmen.
→He has a lot of friends， .
（定语从句）
from which I have a good
knowledge of　
the aim of which is to raise our awareness　
most of whom are businessmen　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. He has returned to South Africa from his long o trip.
2. The old ginkgo tree has survived for m of years.
3. We divide into pairs and each pair takes a r .
4. Many of the hairpins are different v of plastic flowers.
verseas　
illions　
egion　
arieties　
5. The storm caused some （损坏） to some houses， but
they were not destroyed.
6. As is known to all， humans take in （氧气） and breathe
out carbon dioxide.
7. Now that you have （大量） of work to do， you don’t
have to help me with the housework.
8. The rare mountain grass is said to be in danger of （灭
绝） in the near future.
damage　
oxygen　
masses　
extinction　
9. The young singer remains a （出色的） figure in rock
and roll.
10. A good way to protect （物种）is to let them go back to
forests and live freely.
towering　
species　
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. The polluted water from the factory is， of course，
（harm）.
2. The local government has taken measures to prevent the rare animals
from （extinct）.
3. He died six weeks later of a （mass） heart attack.
4. The Garden’s menu is based on Hawaiian （region）
cuisine.
harmful　
extinction　
massive　
regional　
5. The police are investigating the （disappear） of
key files on the killers.
6. This country is a traditional （agriculture）society，
with a majority of farming population.
7. Nature mainly refers to （live）things， including plants
and animals in the wild.
8. At that time， people were divided geographically， leading
to （vary） of dialects and characters.
disappearance　
agricultural　
living　
varieties　
9. My bedroom is four meters in （long） and three meters in
width.
10. The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle.There were
no （survive）.
length　
survivors　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1. 由于有很多家庭作业要做，小男孩只好一整天都待在家里。（独立
主格结构）
， the little boy had to stay at home all
day.
2. 这种塑料很难在短时间内分解。（break down）
This kind of plastic in a short time.
Lots of homework to do　
is difficult to break down　
3. 他把地址弄错了，为此他向我们道歉。（“介词＋关系代词”引导
的非限制性定语从句）
He got the address wrong， .
4. 山脚下坐落着一个小村庄。（完全倒装句）
At the foot of the mountain .
5. 尽管学生们来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营相处得非常好。
（while引导让步状语从句）
， they got on
quite well in the summer camp.
for which he apologised to us　
lies a small village　
While the students came from different countries　
6. 在过去的五到十年里，这些住宿加早餐的地方在一些地方很受欢
迎。 （“介词＋the past/last＋时间段”与现在完成时连用）
， these bed-and-breakfast
places popular in some places.
In the past five to ten years　
have become　
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
　　Covering more than half 1. size of China， the Amazon
rainforest， whose name 2. （get） from the Amazon River，
plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s
ecosystem.3. the richest biodiversity on the Earth， the Amazon rainforest’s different levels are home to various living things， 4. （provide） food and shelter for an unbelievable variety
the　
is got　
With　
providing　
of wildlife.There are more than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals 5. （live） in this forest.This jaguar is one example.When a jaguar dies， a tiny army of microorganisms helps break 6. its body and return the 7. （nutrient） to the earth.
Though 8. （know） as the “lungs of the planet”， much of the Amazon rainforest is in danger of 9.
（disappear） and more species are dying out.We cannot afford 10. （damage） the “lungs of the planet”.
living　
down　
nutrients　
known　
disappearance/disappearing　
to damage　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Douglas Thron’s love for animals began when he was a little
kid.After he grew up， Thron worked as a photographer for shows like
Discovery Channel’s Shark Week， filming the great white sharks off the
coast of Santa Cruz， California.But Thron says it was the Paradise fire in
California in 2018 that pushed him to do animal rescue work.
　　At the time， Thron was filming a man who was rescuing cats after
the fire using a special camera.The camera uses heat to look for the
animals at night.Thron and the man talked about how wonderful it would
be to put one on a drone （无人机） to search for animals more easily.He
explains that flying a drone over a big disaster gives you a real feel for how
serious the disaster is.He adds， “You definitely get inspired to drop
everything to help as much as possible.The feeling I get when I rescue an
animal is an unbelievable feeling， so it just keeps me going.”
　　The first animal Thron ever rescued was a dog after a hurricane
happened， which destroyed hundreds of houses.Thron tested out flying a
drone and found the dog in the middle of where hundreds of houses had
been destroyed.“I flew the drone over and I found him.Nobody claimed
him after 30 days so I adopted him， and he’s a super wonderful
dog，” he says.
　　Thron adds that he’s been going non-stop since then.His TV show
Doug to the Rescue shows some of his heart-warming animal rescues，
including those after Hurricane Laura in Louisiana in 2020 and after fires
in Northern California and Oregon.Thron also helped rescue koalas after
the horrible fires ravaged parts of Australia and burned down a number of
houses in 2020， using drones for the first time there to help locate so
many animals.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。道格拉斯·索恩从小就热爱动物，
长大后，他开始从事动物救援工作。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。道格拉斯·索恩从小就热爱动物，
长大后，他开始从事动物救援工作。
1. Why did Douglas Thron film the great white sharks before 2018？
（　　）
A. He wanted to protect them.
B. They were his favourite animals.
C. It was part of his work.
D. He did so to get close to nature.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段中After he grew up ...filming
the great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cruz， California.可知，
当时拍摄大白鲨是道格拉斯·索恩工作的一部分。
2. What is the key to finding an animal at night by using the special
camera？（　　）
A. The animal’s size.
B. The animal’s loud noise.
C. The animal’s living habit.
D. The animal’s body temperature.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段中The camera uses heat to look
for the animals at night.可知，在晚上的时候，使用特殊的摄像机寻
找动物靠的是它们散发出来的热量，所以动物的体温是夜晚救援工
作的关键。
3. What can we know about the first animal that Douglas Thron ever
rescued？（　　）
A. It’s now living with Thron.
B. It was claimed after being found.
C. Thron found it through its barks in ruins.
D. It’s helping Thron find other trapped animals.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段中Nobody claimed him after 30
days so I adopted him， and he’s a super wonderful dog可知，索恩
收养了他救助的第一只狗。由此推断，他们现在生活在一起。
4. What does the underlined word “ravaged” in the last paragraph
probably mean？（　　）
A. Protected. B. Destroyed.
C. Changed. D. Improved.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的burned down a number of
houses可推断，应是可怕的大火摧毁了澳大利亚部分地区，ravage
意为“毁坏，破坏”，与destroy的意思最接近。
B
　　In the past 30 years， the non-profit organization Friends of Trees
planted trees along the streets of Portland， Oregon.Now， a new study
shows that each tree planted is connected with great reductions in non-
accidental and cardiovascular （心血管的） death.
　　Evidence pointing to a connection between exposure to nature and
less death is obvious.Between 1990 and 2020， Friends of Trees planted
49，246 street trees.The research team looked at the number of trees
planted in a given area in the past 5， 10 or 15 years.They connected this
information with death due to cardiovascular， respiratory （呼吸的） or
non-accidental causes in that same area， using data from the Oregon
Health Authority.The results showed that in neighbourhoods in which
more trees had been planted， death rates were lower.This negative
connection was significant for cardiovascular and non-accidental death
rates， particularly for males and people over the age of 65.
　　Furthermore， the connection got stronger as trees aged and grew：
The reduction in death rates connected with trees planted 11－15 years
before was double that observed with trees planted in the past 1－5
years.This means that older trees are connected with larger decreases in
death and that protecting existing grown trees may be particularly
important for public health.
　　This study doesn’t provide a direct opinion about how trees improve
health.However， the finding that large trees have a greater health effect
than smaller ones is obvious， because larger trees are better at absorbing
air pollution， adjusting temperatures， and reducing noise.
　　“We observed the effect both in green and less green
neighbourhoods， which suggests street tree planting benefits both，”
says Geoffrey H. Donovan， first author of the study.“Besides， the
benefits of tree planting is greatly more valuable than the cost.Our results
provide important evidence for clear interventions （e.g.planting trees）
to increase the lifetime of urban people，” adds Donovan.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在过去的三十年间，一个名为
Friends of Trees的公益性组织种植了大量的行道树。一项新的研究表
明，行道树与降低死亡率有关。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在过去的三十年间，一个名为
Friends of Trees的公益性组织种植了大量的行道树。一项新的研究表
明，行道树与降低死亡率有关。
5. How long did Friends of Trees spend planting 49，246 street trees？
（　　）
A. About 5 years. B. About 10 years.
C. About 15 years. D. About 30 years.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段中Between 1990 and 2020，
Friends of Trees planted 49，246 street trees.可知，Friends of Trees花
了大约30年的时间种植了49246棵行道树。
6. What can we learn from the research？（　　）
A. Women gain no benefit from trees.
B. Trees can improve health in various ways.
C. Older trees contribute more to public health.
D. Trees grow well in green and less green communities.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段第二句可
知，树龄较长的树木对公众健康的贡献更大。
7. What does Donovan mean in the last paragraph？（　　）
A. We should get close to nature.
B. We should protect older trees.
C. We should plant more street trees.
D. We should join the Friends of Trees.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段多诺万所说的话可知，种行
道树成了延长城市居民寿命的有效方法，所以多诺万提倡种更多的
行道树。
8. How does the author mainly develop the topic of the text？（　　）
A. By listing numbers.
B. By stating results.
C. By describing processes.
D. By making comparisons.
解析：　推理判断题。文章第一段介绍一项新的研究表明，每种
植一棵树，就能大大减少非意外死亡和因心血管疾病死亡的人数；
结合第二段第一句、第三段第一句和第四段内容可推知，作者主要
是通过陈述研究结果来展开文章主题的。
C
　　On 1 April 2021， 24-year-old Jibin Madhu packed a bag with a few
clothes and other necessities and left his home in search of a job.But he
was certain that a full-time job would never work for him as he wanted to
explore new things.So， he decided to spend many days at different
destinations， work somewhere for not more than a month， earn money
and travel to another place.
　　“For as long as I can remember， I’ve been into travelling.Nearby
hills， rivers and tourist places were the destinations at first，” says
Jibin， a hotel management graduate.“But when I became a teenager，
an all-India trip was always my dream.”
　　When finding jobs at different locations became a task and his wallet
felt lighter， Jibin decided to start a food stall （摊位） on his bike.He
had a kerosene stove （煤油炉） and a few utensils （器具） along with
some rice.He bought some more things to serve noodles， bread and tea to
travellers on his way.The kitchen was set up on the bike’s top box where
water and kerosene were stored.Everything felt simple as he had previous
experience in a kitchen.
　　In some areas， there were hardly any food stalls.Jibin began his
business in these places and it was an immediate success.He earned 500－
600 rupees per day from his two-wheeler food stall.
　　“More than the income from the stall， it was due to the kindness of
people that I set out on my dream journey.While some offered me work，
others provided me with a space to sleep.A man from Assam even gifted
me a tent， as mine was broken in the middle，” he says.
　　While usual riders cover hundreds of kilometres a day， Jibin finds a
destination and stays there for a few days getting to know its people and
culture.This also helps him find small jobs too.
　　Jibin has plans to visit foreign countries on his two-wheeler.He is
preparing himself and his bike for this big journey now.“Whatever
happens， I’ll have my kerosene stove and utensils ready， which gives
me the confidence of reaching my destination，” he says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了青年Jibin骑车环游
印度的故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了青年Jibin骑车环游
印度的故事。
9. What might Jibin have been interested in at 24？（　　）
A. Having a cool bike.
B. Finding a full-time job.
C. Making a cross-country journey.
D. Graduating in hotel management.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，Jibin在24岁时决定边工
作边旅行，结合第二段中的For as long as I can remember， I’ve
been into travelling.和when I became a teenager， an all-India trip was
always my dream可知，他在24岁时最可能对环游全国感兴趣。be
into sth对某事物很有兴趣，非常喜欢某事物。
10. What can we learn about Jibin’s food stall？（　　）
A. It had little competition.
B. It sold packaged food.
C. It was set up for locals.
D. It made no money at first.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，在一些地区，
几乎没有食品摊，即Jibin几乎没有竞争对手，因此他的生意立即
取得了成功。本段中的rupee是印度的货币单位“卢比”。
11. What really impressed Jibin？（　　）
A. The challenges he met.
B. The views along the way.
C. The friendliness of strangers.
D. The food from different places.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第五段中Jibin所说的话可知，虽
然食品摊的收入还可以，但更重要的是人们的友善才使得他踏
上了梦想之旅。由此可推知，沿途陌生人的友善给他留下了深
刻的印象。
12. What is the difference between Jibin and usual riders？（　　）
A. He makes no preparations before a ride.
B. He prefers experiencing local customs.
C. He changes destinations halfway through.
D. He likes riding without stops for a long time.
解析：　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，通常的骑
手每天要骑行几百公里，而Jibin找到一个目的地，就在那里待上
几天，了解那里的人和文化，即Jibin更喜欢感受各地的风俗而不
是长时间骑车。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Stop Bagging Leaves！
　　Many animals depend on fallen leaves to survive.Although not
directly related to leaves， a study shows North America has already lost 3
billion birds since 1970.13.（　　） Bagging leaves may cause birds to
die.
　　Fallen leaves are nature’s way of renewing itself.14.（　　）
Without the nutrients from decomposing （腐烂的） leaves， the grass in
your garden requires chemical fertilizer （肥料）， which will run off
into water sources and harm the environment.
　　When leaves are blown into the street， they flow down drains （下
水道） and into rivers and streams.These water sources become
blocked， and eventually， back up into streets.It will influence water
quality in rivers and streams.15.（　　）
　　When leaves are bagged and sent to the landfill （废物填埋场），
they produce a greenhouse gas called methane （甲烷）， which will
worsen the climate change problem.It’s important to note， however，
that bagging leaves is not the problem — it’s what we do with the leaves
that make the difference.
　　16. （　　） Cut the leaves into smaller pieces， allowing them to
break down faster.Mix them into garden beds.If leaves are allowed to
decompose and return to the soil， it can reduce the need for chemical
fertilizer.
　　Try to practice environmentally friendly habits.Just by not bagging
leaves， we can protect the natural habitats of lots of animals.17.
（　　）
A. You may forget to bag them.
B. Birds feed on insects that live in fallen leaves.
C. It will also harm animals that depend on the water sources.
D. It won’t allow sunlight to reach the ground， and the grass will die.
E. And it will cut down on all that time spent filling and pulling bags！
F. Leaves provide nutrients that enrich the soil for growing plants in
spring.
G. Experts have suggested some ways to maintain your yard， without
bagging leaves.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。落叶是大自然自我更新的方式，为
了保护环境，请不要随意把院子里的落叶装进袋子。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。落叶是大自然自我更新的方式，为
了保护环境，请不要随意把院子里的落叶装进袋子。
13. B　上文提到许多动物依靠落叶生存，下文提到把落叶装进袋子
的行为可能会导致鸟类死亡，设空处应该与鸟类生存和落叶之间的关
系有关。B项（鸟类以生活在落叶中的昆虫为食）与下文内容形成因
果关系。bag此处作动词，意为“把……装进袋子”。
14. F　根据语境可知，设空处起承上启下作用，既解释落叶如何让大
自然进行自我更新，又引出下文提到的没有落叶的后果。F项（落叶
为春天生长的植物所需的土壤提供了养分）中的nutrients与下文中的
nutrients为原词复现。
15. C　上文提到落叶会堵塞河流，影响水源的水质，C项与上句It
will influence water quality in rivers and streams.形成并列关系，解释了
落叶带来的负面影响，其中water sources呼应上文中的rivers and
streams，It与上句中的It均指代上文提到的“水源被堵塞最终回流到街
道”这一情况。
16. G　根据上文内容可知，作者认为把落叶装进袋子并不是问题，
重要的是我们如何处理落叶；下文提到处理落叶的方法：切碎树叶让
其快速分解、把树叶混入到花圃中。由此推断，本段旨在介绍不把落
叶装进袋子也可以维持花园干净的方法，G项中的bagging leaves呼应
上文中的bagging leaves。
17. E　作者在本段呼吁大家养成环保的习惯，并指出不把落叶装进
袋子带来的好处。E项与上文中的protect the natural habitats of lots of
animals形成并列关系，其中的bags呼应上文中的bagging。
谢谢观看！

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