资源简介

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.He had i　　　　　　 to come to your birthday party， but his mother got ill that day.
2.The sports meeting has already been p　　　　 three times because of bad weather.
3.Many people do not like the idea of e　　　　　　 on animals.
4.The boss of the restaurant agreed to employ me for a t　　　　　　 period of two months.
5.As is known to all， Guangdong is an important p　　　　　　 of South China.
6.A survey 　　　　　　（进行） by a famous scientist showed that sitting too long contributes to heart disease.
7.The money she has saved is 　　　　　　（足够） for buying a big apartment for her family.
8.We are 　　　　　　（围绕） by a natural playground just perfect for walking， caving， climbing and cycling.
9.He wants to buy the books in quantity， so the storekeeper will not 　　　　　　（收费） him much.
10.People were frightened when a 　　　　　　（致命的） disease called cholera broke out in the town.
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.The man went abroad with the 　　　　　　（intend） of trying his fortune， but failed at last.
2.For some students studying abroad， cooking is an essential 　　　　　　（survive） skill.
3.Her menu was so 　　　　　　（limit） that few customers came to her restaurant.
4.Both sides agreed that our cooperation will be mutually 　　　　　　（benefit） and will help keep regional peace.
5.The statistics are a clear 　　　　　　（illustrate） of the point I am trying to make.
6.When I was confused about my life， I was impressed with the 　　　　　　（wise） of my grandfather’s words.
7.Place them in a jam jar， porcelain bowl， or other similar 　　　　　　（contain）.
8.It is said that the cobra （眼镜蛇） is one of the world’s 　　　　　　（dead） snakes.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.在我看来，是他坚定的决心改变了一切。（强调句）
As far as I’m concerned， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.如果没有电，今天的生活将会十分不同。（含蓄虚拟条件句）
　　　　　　　　　　， life 　　　　　　　　quite different today.
3.学习查词典是小学生必须掌握的一项技能。（refer to）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is a skill that must be mastered by pupils.
4.她是在奥运会上第一位获得金牌的女性运动员。（the＋序数词＋名词＋to do ...）
She was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
5.他躺在那儿，放松得连书都不看。（动词-ed形式短语作状语）
He lay there， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist 1.　　　　　　 （receive） a Nobel Prize， awarded for her 2.　　　　　　 （contribute） to the fight against malaria.In 1969 Tu became head of a team intending 3.　　　　　　 （find） a cure for malaria.When they failed， Tu didn’t give up.4.　　　　　　 （inspire） by an over 1，600-year-old text， Tu redesigned the experiments.After 190 failures， she succeeded 5.　　　　　　 making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.When there was no research 6.　　　　　　 （equip）， they had to extract herbs using household water 7.　　　　　　 （contain）.They volunteered to test it on themselves to test their results.Their efforts finally paid 8.　　　　　　.Qinghaosu has since been 9.　　　　　　 （benefit） to many people.In Tu’s Nobel Lecture， she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine， 10.　　　　　　 will benefit global health care.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　At 1：43 a.m.， Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a Nobel committee representative who， revealing the significant news， told her， “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your life changes.”
　　Instructed not to share the announcement outside of her tightest inner circle， the first person Bertozzi called was her father， William Bertozzi， a retired physics professor from MIT.“He’s 91 and， of course， he was just overjoyed，” said Bertozzi.“And then he called my sisters for me.One of my sisters and my dad watched it live.”
　　Bertozzi was recognized for founding the field of biorthogonal chemistry （生物正交化学）， a set of chemical reactions that allow researchers to study molecules （分子） and their interactions in living things without involving natural biological processes.Bertozzi’s lab has been using the new methods to answer basic questions about the role of sugars in biology， to solve practical problems， like developing better tests for infectious diseases， and to create a new medicine that can better target tumors （肿瘤）.
　　“I could not be more delighted that Bertozzi has won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry，” said Stanford President Marc Tessier-Lavigne.“In pioneering the field of biorthogonal chemistry， Bertozzi invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes， one that has helped scientists around the world gain deeper understanding of chemical reactions in living systems.Being a crown jewel in chemistry， her work has had an outstanding real-world impact.The research achievements have been used to study how cells build proteins and other molecules， to develop new cancer medicines， and to produce new materials for energy storage， among many other applications.”
　　“They call and I’m not even awake ...Starbucks isn’t even open yet，” she exclaimed while in her pajamas at her kitchen table.By 3 a.m.， Bertozzi had nearly three dozen voicemails.“This is how it’s going to be all day.This is insane，” she said.“Maybe I should cancel meetings.”
　　Pausing between interviews about two hours later to check her messages， Bertozzi said， “My family has already booked their flights to Stockholm.It’s amazing.Go back to sleep！”
1.Why was a call made to Bertozzi at midnight？（　　）
A.To warn her of some emergency. B.To inform her of winning the prize.
C.To prepare for a meeting. D.To collect things to visit her relatives.
2.What does Bertozzi’s lab use the new methods to do？（　　）
A.Develop a new drug for cancer. B.Produce more nutritious sugars.
C.Separate biology from chemistry. D.Find cures for infectious diseases.
3.What does the underlined part “a crown jewel” in Paragraph 4 refer to？（　　）
A.The king’s treasure. B.The universal focus.
C.The most complex part. D.The most valuable breakthrough.
4.What kind of person is Bertozzi？（　　）
A.Courageous and quiet. B.Creative and generous.
C.Wise and hard-working. D.Pioneering and humorous.
B
　　Sofia Kovalevskaya was born in Moscow， Russia， in 1850.As a young child， Kovalevskaya was attracted to the unusual wallpaper on the wall of a room in the family house： the lecture notes of Mikhail Ostrogradsky on differential and integral calculus （微积分）.
　　Although her father provided her with private teachers， he would not allow her to study abroad for further education， and Russian universities would not then admit women.Kovalevskaya wanted to continue her studies in mathematics， so she found a solution： to get married to a young student， Vladimir Kovalevsky.This allowed her to leave Russia and continue her studies.
　　The pair traveled together to Austria and then to Germany， where in 1869 Kovalevskaya studied at Heidelberg University.The following year she moved to Berlin to study with Karl Weierstrass privately， as the university in Berlin would not allow any women to attend classes.In 1874， she presented three papers to the University of Gottingen and was awarded a doctoral degree.Her paper on partial differential equations （偏微分方程） won her valuable recognition within the European mathematical community.
　　Having received her degree， she returned to Russia with her husband.However， they were unable to find the academic positions they desired.So Kovalevskaya returned to Berlin.In 1883， she became a lecturer in mathematics at Stockholm University.
　　In 1888 she was awarded the Prix Bordin of the French Academy of Sciences for research now called the Kovalevskaya Top.She also won a prize from the Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1889， and that same year was appointed （任命） to a chair at the university — the first woman appointed to a chair at a modern European university.She was also elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences as a member that same year.
　　Kovalevskaya was also known as a writer and a supporter of women’s rights.She composed novels， plays， and essays， including the autobiographical novel A Russian Childhood and Nihilist Girl， a story of her life in Russia.
5.What can be learned about young Kovalevskaya？（　　）
A.She received public education. B.She was addicted to mathematics.
C.She showed interest in wallpaper. D.She had no support from her father.
6.What happened to Kovalevskaya in the 1870s？（　　）
A.She got married to a young student.
B.She was noted in the academic world.
C.She studied at Heidelberg University.
D.She worked with Karl Weierstrass in Berlin.
7.What does Paragraph 5 mainly say about Kovalevskaya？（　　）
A.Her goal.　　　　　 B.Her research.
C.Her problems. D.Her achievements.
8.Which of the following can best describe Kovalevskaya？（　　）
A.Creative and generous. B.Patient and productive.
C.Positive and considerate. D.Talented and determined.
C
　　Role models are important for inspiring scientists， but new research suggests that scientists who are known for their hard work are more encouraging than scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant.
　　In a series of studies， researchers found that young people were more motivated by scientists whose success was connected with efforts than those whose success was because of natural intelligence， even if that scientist was Albert Einstein.
　　Danfei Hu， a doctoral student at Pennsylvania State University， and Janet N.Ann， an assistant professor of psychology at William Paterson University， said the findings — recently published in Basic and Applied Social Psychology — will help deal with the certain secret about what it takes to succeed in science.
　　According to the researchers， there is concern in the science community with the number of students who run after careers in science during school only to drop out of those career paths once they graduate from college.To help solve the problem， Hu and Ann wanted to research role models， who give the students specific goals， behaviour or strategies they can follow.
　　The researchers performed studies with 176 and 162 participants in each study respectively.In the first study， all participants read the same story about common struggles a scientist met in his science career.However， half were told the story was about Einstein， while half were told it was about Thomas Edison.Although the stories are the same， participants were more likely to believe natural brilliance was the reason for Einstein’s success.In addition， the participants who believed the story was about Edison were more motivated to complete a series of maths problems.
　　“This proved that people generally seem to view Einstein as a genius， with his success commonly linked to extraordinary talent，” Hu said.“Edison， on the other hand， is known for failing more than 1，000 times when trying to create the light bulb， and his success is linked to his efforts.” Hu added， “Knowing that something great can be achieved through hard work and efforts， more students will step into the science career confidently.”
9.What kind of scientist is more encouraging？（　　）
A.Those who are famous around the world.
B.Those who are famous for their hard work.
C.Those who are viewed as naturally brilliant.
D.Those who are viewed as great inventors.
10.What is the concern in the science community？（　　）
A.Fewer students will work on science.
B.The students will drop out of school soon.
C.There are fewer role models for students to follow.
D.Some scientists cannot give students specific goals.
11.Why were some participants motivated to complete a series of maths problems？（　　）
A.They knew the problems were given by Edison.
B.They believed they were as intelligent as Einstein.
C.They believed they could solve the problems by working hard.
D.They knew they were to work together with Einstein and Edison.
12.What is the best title for the text？ （　　）
A.Einstein’s Success Story B.Edison’s Achievements Are Greater
C.How to Be a Great Scientist D.Einstein Is Less Encouraging than Edison
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Qualities of a Good Scientist
　　The qualities of a good scientist may vary to some extent with different specialties.But， every scientist needs to have a good foundation in science classes throughout high school and college， along with a good understanding of math.13.（　　）.
　　 Two of the most common characteristics of scientists are curiosity and patience.14.（　　）， and they want to learn what makes everything work.Their curiosity keeps them going， heading to the next project and the next experiment.They must also have the patience to experience the years of work that might be required to make a discovery in a scientific field.A sense of optimism keeps a scientist performing experiment after experiment， even if most of them fail.15.（　　）.They require patience to repeat experiments many times to prove results.
　　 16.（　　）， noticing even tiny observations and remembering and recording them.Their minds tend to be analytical （分析的）， and they can collect and store data in an efficient way so it can be recalled later.They usually have facts and guesses from several fields and experiments so that they can be put together in different combinations （组合） to answer questions or provide direction for research.
　　 Being open-minded is important for successful people in science careers.A good scientist will accept whatever result his or her work has.A scientist will also not give wrong results or shade an experiment to get the expected outcome.17.（　　）， even when they have different opinions from his or her own.
A.Scientists can help and support one another
B.He or she will accept the solutions of others
C.Scientists need to pay more attention to details
D.Scientists are curious about the world around them
E.They build on the work of scientists from past generations
F.These basic classes give you a good start toward a career in science
G.Scientists know that failed experiments provide answers as often as successful ones do
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础知识自测
维度一
1.intended　2.postponed　3.experiments　4.trial
5.province　6.conducted　7.sufficient　8.surrounded
9.charge　10.deadly
维度二
1.intention　2.survival　3.limited　4.beneficial
5.illustration　6.wisdom　7.containers　8.deadliest
维度三
1.it was his strong determination that made a difference
2.Without electricity； would be
3.Learning to refer to a dictionary
4.the first female athlete to win
5.too relaxed even to read a book
维度四
1.to receive　2.contribution　3.to find　4.Inspired　5.in　6.equipment　7.containers　8.off　9.beneficial　10.which
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。凌晨，Bertozzi接到电话被告知获得了诺贝尔奖。文章介绍了她研究的内容，斯坦福大学校长对她的评价以及她接受采访时的情景。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段和下文内容可知，凌晨1点43分，Bertozzi被诺贝尔委员会代表的电话吵醒，这个电话通知Bertozzi获奖了。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Bertozzi’s lab has been using the new methods to answer basic questions about the role of sugars in biology， to solve practical problems可知，Bertozzi的实验室运用这些新方法来开发一种治疗癌症的新药。
3.D　词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句描述研究成果的后续使用方向可推知，她的发现非常有价值。由此可知，画线部分所在句子意为“作为化学界最有价值的突破，她的工作在现实世界中产生了显著的影响”，a crown jewel意为“最有价值的突破”。
4.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中Bertozzi was recognized for founding the field of biorthogonal chemistry可知，Bertozzi因创立生物正交化学领域而受到认可；根据第四段中In pioneering the field of biorthogonal chemistry， Bertozzi invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes可知，Bertozzi发明了一种研究生物分子过程的新方法，由此推知Bertozzi是有开拓性的；根据第五段对Bertozzi的采访及最后一段中“My family has ...Go back to sleep！”可知，她是幽默的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了俄国数学家Sofia Kovalevskaya。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第二段中Kovalevskaya wanted to continue her studies in mathematics可知，小时候的Kovalevskaya痴迷于学习数学。
6.B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，在1874年，Kovalevskaya关于偏微分方程的论文使她获得了欧洲数学界的认可。
7.D　段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知，本段主要介绍了Kovalevskaya所获得的奖项及荣誉，即主要介绍了她的成就。本段中的chair意为“大学教授的职位”。
8.D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，Kovalevskaya不仅极具天赋，而且在追求数学的道路上意志坚定，不畏困难、不惧挑战，最终取得成功。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了依靠勤奋和努力而成功的科学家比天生才华横溢的科学家更能鼓舞人心。
9.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的but new research suggests that scientists who are known for their hard work are more encouraging than scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant可知，那些以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家比那些天生才华横溢的科学家更能激励人心。
10.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的there is concern in the science community with the number of students who run after careers in science during school only to drop out of those career paths once they graduate from college可知，很多在校期间追求科学事业的学生在大学毕业后就放弃了从事与科学相关的事业，也就是说从事科学事业的学生会更少，而这正是科学界所担忧的事情。
11.C　推理判断题。根据第五段第一句可知，参与者完成一系列的数学题是受到爱迪生的故事的鼓舞；再根据最后一段中的关键句Edison， on the other hand， is known for failing more than 1，000 times when trying to create the light bulb， and his success is linked to his efforts.可知，爱迪生在尝试发明灯泡时失败了1000多次，他的成功与他的努力有关。综合得知，这些受到爱迪生故事鼓舞的参与者相信通过努力和勤奋可以解决问题，所以他们才有动力去完成一系列数学题。
12.D　标题归纳题。第一段点明本文主旨，再结合下文内容可知，本文主要阐述的是那些以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家比那些天生才华横溢的科学家更能激励人心。D项中的Einstein代指天生才华横溢的科学家，Edison代指以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家，即“天生才华横溢的科学家不如以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家鼓舞人心”，因此，D项最能概括文章主旨，适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好科学家应该具备的一些品质。
13.F　上文指出一位好科学家的品质可能因为专业不同而在某种程度上有所不同，但每一位科学家都需要在高中和大学的科学课上打好基础，同时对数学有好的领悟力。由此可知，打好科学基础对从事科学事业的人来说很重要。F项中的These basic classes指代上文中的science classes。
14.D　本段指出科学家最普遍的两个品质是有好奇心和耐心。根据空后的they want to learn what makes everything work可知，科学家对他们周围的世界很好奇。D项中的curious与上文中的curiosity是原词复现关系，空后的they指代D项中的Scientists。
15.G　上文指出即使大多数实验都失败了，乐观主义也能让科学家不断地进行实验，下文指出科学家要有耐心多次重做实验以证明结果。由此可知，空处应该与失败的实验给科学家带来的好处相关。G项中的failed experiments呼应上文中的experiment after experiment和most of them fail。
16.C　根据本空后的noticing even tiny observations and remembering and recording them可知，科学家需要更多地关注细节。C项中的details呼应下文中的tiny observations。
17.B　本段指出科学家需要具备的另外一个品质——有包容的心态，愿意接受不同的意见。B项中的He or she指代上文中的A good scientist，且accept与上文中的accept是原词复现关系。shade此处作动词，意为“隐瞒，掩饰”。
5 / 5Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize
　　 By Dina Conner
　　 11 December 2015
　　[1]Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic① of China to receive a Nobel Prize， awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria②， one of the deadliest③ diseases in human history.Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu， malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival④.
　　[1]动词不定式短语to receive a Nobel Prize作scientist 的后置定语；动词-ed形式短语awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria作a Nobel Prize的后置定语；one of the deadliest diseases in human history 为名词短语作同位语，解释说明malaria。
　　[2]Born in 1930， in Ningbo， Zhejiang Province⑤， Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.After graduation， she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine⑥.[3]She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine， acquiring a broad⑦ knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.
　　[2]Born in 1930 ...为形容词化的动词-ed形式作状语。
　　[3]句中动词-ing形式短语acquiring a broad ...作结果状语，acquire与其逻辑主语She之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
　　Tu’s education was soon to prove very useful.In the 1960s， many people were dying of⑧ malaria， and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended⑨ to find a cure for the disease.She collected over 2，000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts⑩ from different herbs .When they failed to produce any promising results， Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.[4]Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water， Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.[5]On 4 October 1971， after 190 failures ， she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.
　　[4]动词-ed形式短语Inspired by ...作原因状语，相当于状语从句Because she was inspired by ...。
　　[5]句中that could treat malaria in mice为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词extract，且that在定语从句中作主语。
　　[6]However， it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited .Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem.When there was no research equipment， they had to extract herbs using household water containers .They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions， but they never gave up.
　　[6]句中it作形式主语，动词不定式短语to produce ...trials是真正的主语；because引导原因状语从句。
　　[7]Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced， however， they still faced another problem.[8]The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data .[9]To speed up the process and ensure its safety， Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
　　[7]句中with复合结构（with＋名词＋动词-ed形式）作状语，produced表示被动和完成。
　　[8]介词短语on patients作后置定语，because引导原因状语从句。
　　[9]第一个动词不定式短语To speed up the process and ensure its safety作目的状语；第二个动词不定式短语to test qinghao extract on themselves first作宾语。
　　The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off .In November 1972， through trial and error ， they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract.As a key part of many malaria medicines， qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients.More than 40 years after its discovery， Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.In her Nobel Lecture ， she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.[10]Perhaps the next generation of scientists， drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine， will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care .
　　[10]句中动词-ing形式短语drawing on ...medicine作定语，修饰名词scientists，相当于一个非限制性定语从句who draw on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine。
【读文清障】
①republic n.共和国，共和政体
the People’s Republic of China （PRC） 中华人民共和国
②malaria n.疟疾
malaria medicines 疟疾药物
malaria patients 疟疾患者
③deadly adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的
the deadliest disease 最致命的疾病
④survival n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
survive vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难
survivor n.幸存者
⑤province n.省，省份
Zhejiang Province 浙江省
⑥traditional Chinese medicine传统中医
traditional Chinese medical recipes传统中药配方
Western medicine 西医
⑦broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的
broadly adv.大体上；基本上
⑧die of死于……（常指死于疾病、寒冷等内因）
die from 死于……（常指死于灾祸、暴力等外因）
⑨intend vt.& vi.想要，计划；意指
intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事
intention n.打算；计划；目的；意图
⑩extract n.提取物；选录 vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到
make hundreds of extracts 获取数百种提取物
make qinghao extract 获取青蒿提取物
herb n.药草，香草；草本
refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及
[拓展] “查词典”的表达法：
refer to the dictionary
look up a word in the dictionary
consult the dictionary
experiment n.实验，试验；尝试，实践
vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试
redesign the experiments
重新设计实验
failure n.[U] 失败；[C] 失败的人或事物
success n.[U] 成功，成名；[C] 成功的人或事物
succeed in doing sth 成功地做成某事
trial n.试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验
　　vi.& vt.测试，试验
large trials 大规模试验
on trial 试用；受审
limited adj.有限的
limit n.限制；极限；界限 vt.限制
household adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的
　　　　 　n.一家人，家庭
container n.容器；集装箱，货柜
household water containers
家用的盛水容器
large amounts of （＋不可数名词） 许多，大量的
[同义] a large amount of （＋不可数名词）
a great deal of （＋不可数名词）
postpone vt.延迟，延期
sufficient adj.足够的，充足的
[同义] adequate， enough， abundant
data n.数据，资料，材料
safety data 安全数据
speed up （使）加速
at a speed of ... 以……的速度
test sth on sb 在某人身上实验某物
pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的
[同义] make it
error n.错误，差错
through trial and error 反复试验
be awarded a Nobel Prize 获得诺贝尔奖
Nobel Lecture 诺贝尔获奖演讲
further explore the treasure house 进一步探索宝库
wisdom n.智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智
draw on the wisdom 借鉴智慧
beneficial adj.有益的，有用的
be beneficial to 对……有益
global health care 全球医疗
【参考译文】
中国科学家荣获2015年诺贝尔奖
迪娜·康纳
　　 2015年12月11日
　　屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。得益于她发现的青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。
　　1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江宁波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京读大学，学习药学。毕业后，她在中医研究院工作。她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。
　　屠呦呦接受的教育很快被证明非常有用。20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。她收集了2000多种治疗疟疾的中药配方，并从不同的草药中获取了数百种提取物。当它们未能产生预期效果时，屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。据一本1600多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了这个试验，为了不破坏其（抗疟的）有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。1971年10月4日， 在历经190次失败之后，她成功制备出可以治疗老鼠疟疾的青蒿提取物。
　　然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。屠呦呦团队成功找到了解决这个问题的方法。当时没有研究设备，他们只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。他们夜以继日地工作，由于条件恶劣，他们的健康开始受损，但却从未放弃。
　　然而，即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另外一个问题。因为他们没有充足的安全数据，在病人身上进行试验有可能推迟。为了加快进度并保证其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上试验青蒿提取物。
　　屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。1972年11月，经过反复试验，他们成功发现了青蒿素——青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。作为许多抗疟药物中的关键成分，青蒿素迄今已经造福了近2亿疟疾患者。在发现青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦终于因此获得了诺贝尔奖。在她的获奖演讲上，屠呦呦鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医这座宝库，并让其更上一层楼。也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What was the proper description about malaria？（　　）
A.A disease which infects plants.
B.A deadly disease of its day.
C.A disease which infects animals.
D.A disease which can be cured easily.
2.What is qinghaosu？（　　）
A.A key part of many malaria medicines.
B.A key part of many medicines for cancer.
C.A key part of many medicines for heart disease.
D.A key part of many medicines for cholera.
3.Why did they lack qinghao extract for large trials？ （　　）
A.Because Tu Youyou and her team lacked experience.
B.Because research resources were in short supply.
C.Because there was no good laboratory for experimenting.
D.Because they had no support from the government and their families.
4.What’s the meaning of “speed up” in Paragraph 5？（　　）
A.Pull up.　　　　　 B.Turn up.
C.Hurry up. D.Hold up.
5.What can we learn about Tu Youyou from Paragraph 6？（　　）
A.She doesn’t continue to conduct research today.
B.She made traditional Chinese medicine spread.
C.She did not have sufficient data to start trials on patients.
D.She encouraged scientists to further explore traditional Chinese medicine.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
在形容词、名词或动词后加某些后缀可以构成抽象名词。这篇新闻报道中就运用了很多这样的抽象名词，请找出来并试着再想出一些分别写在下面的表格中。
词性 后缀 名词
形容词 -dom
-ness
动词 -al
-ance
-ure
形容词/动词/名词 -age
2.美文欣赏——赏美文，学写法
该语篇的体裁属于新闻报道，这种文体时效性强。与一般人物描写类文章不同的是，新闻报道中的人物描写强调以客观事实说话，尽量不加入报道者的情感，但读者能够通过语篇内容了解人物品质。下面结合课文分析和品悟一下新闻报道类语篇的特点。
（1）语篇内容客观、准确，使用具体数据来说明屠呦呦及其团队的科学研究过程的艰辛。如课文第三段中出现的数据She collected over 　　　　　　traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made 　　　　　　extracts from different herbs.和Inspired by an over 　　　　　　text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water， Tu redesigned the experiments ...就体现了新闻报道的准确性和真实性。
（2）新闻报道的语言具有言简意赅的特点。 文章开头用一句话（新闻导语）Tu Youyou has become 　　　　　　　　　　　　scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize， awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria， 　　　　　　　　　　　in human history.介绍了屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖的事实、她的突出贡献以及疟疾这种疾病，具有高度“概括性”。
（3）从故事层面来看，本文注重通过描述人物的具体事迹，包括引用人物语言来刻画人物形象。这些语言特点能加深读者对屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖这一新闻事件以及对屠呦呦这一人物的认知。课文第三段中的On 4 October 1971， after 　　　　　　　　　　　　， she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.和第四段中的They worked 　　　　　　　　and their health 　　　　　　　　　　　　because of the poor conditions， but they 　　　　　　　　　　.等表达成功地塑造出一个齐心协力、永不言弃的团队形象。
（4）从叙事结构层面来看，语篇首先报道发生的重大新闻事件，与标题呼应，然后再详细报道其他相关的重要信息，如人物生平、事件发生的过程等。语篇以　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　为标题，向读者报道了这一重要消息，并介绍了屠呦呦的生平经历和她带领团队为治疗疟疾发现并提取青蒿素的过程，给读者提供了比简单的新闻播报更为详细的信息。
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
survival n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
【教材原句】　Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu， malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.
得益于她发现的青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。
【用法】
（1）survive vt.　　 幸存，幸免于难 　 　　vi. 生存，存活 survive sth 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来 survive on 依靠……生存下来 survive from 从……存活下来/流传下来 A survive B （by ...） A比B活得长（……） （2）survivor n. 幸存者
【佳句】　The wedding ceremony is a survival from ancient times.
这种结婚仪式是从远古时期流传下来的。
【点津】　survive 表示“生存，存活”时是不及物动词。表示“幸存，幸免于难”时是及物动词，后面不需要加介词in或from。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Some strange customs have survived 　　　　　　earlier times.
②As far as I know， the old lady survived her husband 　　　　　　5 years.
③Millions of people survive 　　　　　　a very limited diet.
④He was the only one 　　　　　　（survive） of the crash.
【写美】　句式升级
⑤After she had survived that night， she was confident that everything else would be all right.
→　　　　　　　　　　， she was confident that everything else would be all right.（动词-ing形式短语作状语）
intend vt.& vi.想要，计划；意指
【教材原句】　In the 1960s， many people were dying of malaria， and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。
【用法】
（1）intend to do/doing sth　打算做某事 intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth 本打算做某事 （2）intended adj. 打算的；设计的 be intended for ... 为……打算/设计的 （3）intention n. 意图，目的；企图 with the intention of 有……的打算/目的 have no intention of doing sth＝have no intention to do sth 无意做某事
【佳句】　Originally， we had intended to go to Italy， but then we won the trip to Greece.
起初，我们打算去意大利，但后来获得去希腊的机会。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Yesterday I found a book in the bookstore by chance which 　　　　　　　　（intend） for bird lovers.
②I don’t intend anyone 　　　　　　　　（see） the painting until it is finished.
③Everything they do is intended 　　　　　　（improve） the living standards.
④This programme was set up with the 　　　　　　　　　（intend） of providing help for homeless people.
【写美】　完成句子
⑤Peter 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， but something changed his mind.（intend）彼得本来打算去澳大利亚，但有些事使他改变了主意。
refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及
【教材原句】　When they failed to produce any promising results， Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.
当它们未能产生预期效果时，屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。
【用法】
（1）refer v.　　　　　 提到；参考；查阅 refer to ...as ... 把……称作…… refer ...to ... 把……提交给…… （2）reference n. 谈及，提到；参考，查阅 reference to ... 谈及，提到…… in/with reference to 关于 reference books 参考书
【佳句】　When I am faced with a difficulty， I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages.
当我面对困难时，我常常选择参考相关学习资料或网页。
【点津】　（1）refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为referred、 referred、 referring，类似的词还有prefer。
（2）refer to和look up都可以表示“查阅；参考”，但二者是有区别的：refer to后接所查的工具书或资料，如词典、笔记、参考书等；look up后接word、phrase等需要查找的对象。
【练透】　品句猜词/单句语法填空
①The professor referred to global warming at least three times in his speech. 　　　　　
②If you meet with the characters you don’t know， I strongly suggest that you should refer to reference books or turn to others for help. 　　　　　
③He made no 　　　　　　（refer） to his illness but only to his future plans.
④The question referred 　　　　　　at the meeting is hard to answer.
⑤I have nothing to say 　　　　　　reference to that case.
⑥The scientist referred to the discovery 　　　　　　the most exciting new development in this field.
【写美】　完成句子
⑦The custom may date back to the Tang Dynasty； for more detailed information， please 　　　　　　　　　　.
这种风俗可能追溯到唐朝，想要了解更多详细的信息，请查阅这本书。
limited adj.有限的
【教材原句】　However， it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.
然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。
【用法】
（1）be limited to　　 局限于…… （2）limit vt. 限制；限定 n.[C] 限度，限制 limit ...to ... 把……限制在……范围内 there is a limit to ... ……是有限度的 （3）limitless adj. 无限制的，无止境的 limitation n. 限制；局限 unlimited adj. 无限制的
【佳句】　As we all know， a person’s life is limited， but knowledge is limitless/unlimited.
众所周知，人的生命是有限的，而知识是无限的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Families 　　　　　　　　（limit） to three free tickets each.
②The teacher limited his students 　　　　　500 words for their compositions.
③There is 　　　　　　limit to the amount of pain we can bear.
④We are doing our best with the 　　　　　（limit）resources available.
【写美】　完成句子
⑤Besides， essays are supposed to 　　　　　　　　　　　　and written in English only.
此外，文章应限制在800词以内，且只能用英文撰写。
speed up （使）加速
【教材原句】　To speed up the process and ensure its safety， Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
为了加快进度并保证其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上试验青蒿提取物。
【用法】
at a high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速 at a speed of ... 以……的速度 with great/full speed　　以很快的速度/全速 pick up speed 加速 slow speed 减速
【佳句】　Modern inventions have speeded up people’s lives amazingly.
现代发明大大加快了人们的生活节奏。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience， especially if you are travelling 　　　　　　a high speed.
②This flight is now heading for Paris at a speed 　　　　1，000 kilometres an hour.
【写美】　翻译句子
③充足的新鲜空气和锻炼将会加速他的康复。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的；偿清
【教材原句】　The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off.
屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。
【用法】
pay back 　　　 偿还（欠款）；报复；回报 pay for sth 付某物的钱；为某事付出代价 pay sb for sth 因某物给某人报酬 pay a visit to 参观，拜访 pay attention to 注意；留心
【佳句】　It will take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.
那笔贷款将需要他的余生才能还清。
【点津】　pay作及物动词时，后面可直接接宾语，但一般是表示钱、账单或人的词。如果要表示为某事或某物付钱时，需要用介词for或者是带to的动词不定式来引导。
【练透】　用pay的相关短语填空
①At last I 　　　　　　　　all the money I borrowed from him.
②Will you please 　　　　　　　　　　Tianjin once more so that we may meet again？
③I’d also like to know how much I have to 　　　　　　　　the course and whether accommodation is included.
【写美】　翻译句子
④他们的努力最终有了回报。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
beneficial adj.有益的，有用的
【教材原句】　Perhaps the next generation of scientists， drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine， will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。
【用法】
（1）be beneficial to ...＝be of benefit to ... 对……有益；有益于（to为介词） （2）benefit n.　　　　　益处 　　　vt. 使受益 　　　vi. 得益于 benefit from/by ... 从……中受益；得益于…… （3）for the benefit of＝for one’s benefit 为了……的利益
【佳句】　To take exercise indoors is less beneficial than in the open air.
在室内锻炼不如在室外锻炼更有益。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals 　　　　　　the benefit of all its citizens.
②Both sides have benefited 　　　　　　the agreement they made.
【写美】　一句多译
③据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大益处。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（benefit）
→ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（beneficial）
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
trial n.试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.& vt.测试，试验
【教材原句】　However， it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.
然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。
【用法】
through trial and error　 反复试验 a trial period 试用期 clinical trial 临床试验 stand/go on trial 受到审判，受审 on trial 在试验/测试/受审中
【佳句】　New cars have several severe trials before they are put on the market.
新汽车在投放市场前要经过多次严格的试验。
【练透】　完成句子
①We have had the machine 　　　　　　　for a week.
这台机器我们已经试用一个星期了。
②He will 　　　　　　　　　　for fraud.
他将因涉嫌诈骗而受审。
③Like many animals， people also learn to swim 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
像许多动物一样，人也要通过反复试验才能学会游泳。
container n.容器；集装箱，货柜
【教材原句】　When there was no research equipment， they had to extract herbs using household water containers.当时没有研究设备，他们只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。
【用法】
contain vt.　　　包含；含有；容纳；克制；抑制（强烈的感情等） contain oneself 克制自己
【佳句】　The container contains many kinds of fruits， including apples/apples included.
容器中盛着各种水果，其中包括苹果。
【点津】　（1）contain指某容器中盛有某物、装有某物。
（2）include表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内，常构成分词短语sth included或including sth。
【练透】　单句语法填空/选词填空
①He was so excited that he could hardly contain 　　　　　　（he）.
②I don’t know how much oil is in this old 　　　　　　（contain）.
③The girl went to pick up the bag 　　　　　（contain） much money.
④Our school lecture hall 　　　　　　（contain） 1，000 people.
⑤Look！The box 　　　　　　a number of letters， which 　　　　　　those from his students.（contain/include）
Part Ⅲ　重点句型解构
句型公式：the＋序数词＋名词＋to do ...
【教材原句】　Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize， awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria， one of the deadliest diseases in human history.
屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。
【用法】
（1）当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或其前有the next、 the only、 the last等限定时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 （2）动词不定式作后置定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的词有ability、 chance、 ambition、 offer、 anxiety、 answer、 reply、 attempt、 belief等。
【品悟】　He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts.
他总是一个吃苦在前，享乐在后的人。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。
【写美】　完成句子
①China has become 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the far side of the moon.
中国已经成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家。
②I believe that I have 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我相信我有能力做好这项具有挑战性的工作。
③Practice is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
学好一门语言的唯一途径就是实践。
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the top of the mountain can also receive a gift.
最后一个到达山顶的人也可以得到一个礼物。
句型公式：形容词化的动词-ed形式作状语
【教材原句】　Born in 1930， in Ningbo， Zhejiang Province， Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.
1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江宁波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京读大学，学习药学。
【用法】
句中Born in 1930 ...是形容词化的动词-ed形式作状语。 （1）动词-ed形式包括动作类和状态类两种形式，状态类动词-ed形式相当于形容词。 （2）形容词（短语）或形容词化的动词-ed形式作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 （3）形容词化的动词-ed形式作状语时常用来表示主语的状态和结果。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词形式。
【品悟】　Exhausted， I fell fast asleep.
由于太累了，我很快就睡着了。
Absorbed in writing a letter， he didn’t even look up when I came in.他在聚精会神地写信，当我进来时他甚至都没有抬头。
【写美】　完成句子/句式升级
①　　　　　　　　　　　　， Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
托尼既惊讶又高兴，站起来领奖。
②He spent three days in the wind and snow， 　　　　　　　　.
他又累又饿地在风雪中过了三天。
③　　　　　　　　， some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once.
因严重受伤，其中有些乘客被立刻送到最近的医院。
④Because she was born into a poor family， Nadia had only two years of schooling.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， Nadia had only two years of schooling.（动词-ed形式作状语）
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.her discovery of qinghaosu 　2.acquired a broad knowledge of　3.solved a lot of problems　4.paid off
第二步
1－5　BABCD
第三步
1.wisdom， freedom； effectiveness， usefulness， kindness， loneliness， happiness； survival， arrival， approval， proposal， refusal， removal； appearance， acceptance， performance， assistance； failure， pleasure， exposure， closure； shortage， marriage， passage， percentage
2.（1）2，000； hundreds of； 1，600-year-old
（2）the first female； one of the deadliest diseases
（3）190 failures； day and night； began to suffer； never gave up
（4）Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①from　②by　③on　④survivor　⑤Having survived that night
2.①was intended　②to see　③to improve　④intention
⑤had intended to go to Australia
3.①提到，谈及　②查阅，参考　③reference　④to
⑤in/with　⑥as　⑦refer to the book
4.①are limited　②to　③a　④limited　⑤be limited within 800 words
5.①at　②of　③Plenty of fresh air and exercise will speed up his recovery.
6.①paid back　②pay a visit to　③pay for　④Their efforts paid off in the end.
7.①for　②from/by　③It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health.； It is said that yoga is very beneficial to human health.
Part Ⅱ
1.①on trial　②stand/go on trial　③through trial and error
2.①himself　②container　③containing　④contains
⑤contains； include
Part Ⅲ
1.①the first country to land a spacecraft on　②the ability to do the challenging work well　③the only way to learn a language well　④The last person to arrive at
2.①Surprised and happy　②tired and hungry　③Seriously injured　④Born into a poor family
13 / 13(共132张PPT)
Section Ⅰ
Welcome to the unit & Reading
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize
　　 By Dina Conner
　　 11 December 2015
　　[1]Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s
Republic① of China to receive a Nobel Prize， awarded for her
contribution to the fight against malaria②， one of the deadliest③
diseases in human history.Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu， malaria
patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of
survival④.
　　[1]动词不定式短语to receive a Nobel Prize作scientist 的后置定
语；动词-ed形式短语awarded for her contribution to the fight against
malaria作a Nobel Prize的后置定语；one of the deadliest diseases in
human history 为名词短语作同位语，解释说明malaria。
【读文清障】
①republic n.共和国，共和政体
the People’s Republic of China （PRC） 中华人民共和国
③deadly adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的
the deadliest disease 最致命的疾病
④survival n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
survive vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难
survivor n.幸存者
②malaria n.疟疾
malaria medicines 疟疾药物
malaria patients 疟疾患者
　　[2]Born in 1930， in Ningbo， Zhejiang Province⑤， Tu studied
medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.After
graduation， she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
⑥.[3]She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese
medicine， acquiring a broad⑦ knowledge of both traditional Chinese
medicine and Western medicine.
　　[2]Born in 1930 ...为形容词化的动词-ed形式作状语。
　　[3]句中动词-ing形式短语acquiring a broad ...作结果状语，
acquire与其逻辑主语She之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
⑤province n.省，省份
Zhejiang Province 浙江省
⑥traditional Chinese medicine传统中医
traditional Chinese medical recipes传统中药配方
Western medicine 西医
⑦broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的
broadly adv.大体上；基本上
　　Tu’s education was soon to prove very useful.In the 1960s， many
people were dying of⑧ malaria， and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended⑨ to find a cure for the disease.She collected over 2，000 traditional
Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts⑩ from different herbs .When they failed to produce any promising results， Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.
[4]Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water， Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.[5]On 4 October 1971， after 190 failures ， she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.
　　[4]动词-ed形式短语Inspired by ...作原因状语，相当于状语从
句Because she was inspired by ...。
　　[5]句中that could treat malaria in mice为that引导的定语从句，修
饰先行词extract，且that在定语从句中作主语。
⑧die of死于……（常指死于疾病、寒冷等内因）
die from 死于……（常指死于灾祸、暴力等外因）
⑨intend vt.& vi.想要，计划；意指
intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事
intention n.打算；计划；目的；意图
⑩extract n.提取物；选录 vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到
make hundreds of extracts 获取数百种提取物
make qinghao extract 获取青蒿提取物
herb n.药草，香草；草本
refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及
[拓展] “查词典”的表达法：
refer to the dictionary
look up a word in the dictionary
consult the dictionary
experiment n.实验，试验；尝试，实践
vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试
redesign the experiments 重新设计实验
failure n.[U] 失败；[C] 失败的人或事物
success n.[U] 成功，成名；[C] 成功的人或事物
succeed in doing sth 成功地做成某事
　　[6]However， it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for
large trials because research resources were limited .Tu and her team
managed to find solutions to the problem.When there was no research
equipment， they had to extract herbs using household water containers
.They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of
the poor conditions， but they never gave up.
　　[6]句中it作形式主语，动词不定式短语to produce ...trials是真
正的主语；because引导原因状语从句。
trial n.试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验
　vi.& vt.测试，试验
large trials 大规模试验
on trial 试用；受审
limited adj.有限的
limit n.限制；极限；界限 vt.限制
household adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的
　　　　 　n.一家人，家庭
container n.容器；集装箱，货柜
household water containers 家用的盛水容器
　　[7]Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced，
however， they still faced another problem.[8]The trials on patients were
likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data
.[9]To speed up the process and ensure its safety， Tu and her team
volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
　　[7]句中with复合结构（with＋名词＋动词-ed形式）作状
语，produced表示被动和完成。
　　[8]介词短语on patients作后置定语，because引导原因状语
从句。
　　
　[9]第一个动词不定式短语To speed up the process and
ensure its safety作目的状语；第二个动词不定式短语to test
qinghao extract on themselves first作宾语。
large amounts of （＋不可数名词） 许多，大量的
[同义] a large amount of （＋不可数名词）
a great deal of （＋不可数名词）
postpone vt.延迟，延期
sufficient adj.足够的，充足的
[同义] adequate， enough， abundant
data n.数据，资料，材料
safety data 安全数据
speed up （使）加速
at a speed of ... 以……的速度
test sth on sb 在某人身上实验某物
　　The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off .In November 1972， through trial and error ， they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract.As a key part of many malaria medicines， qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients.More than 40 years after its discovery， Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.In her Nobel Lecture ， she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.[10]Perhaps the next generation of scientists， drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine， will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care .
　　[10]句中动词-ing形式短语drawing on ...medicine作定语，修饰
名词scientists，相当于一个非限制性定语从句who draw on the wisdom
of traditional Chinese medicine。
pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的
[同义] make it
error n.错误，差错
through trial and error 反复试验
be awarded a Nobel Prize 获得诺贝尔奖
Nobel Lecture 诺贝尔获奖演讲
further explore the treasure house 进一步探索宝库
wisdom n.智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智
draw on the wisdom 借鉴智慧
beneficial adj.有益的，有用的
be beneficial to 对……有益
global health care 全球医疗
【参考译文】
中国科学家荣获2015年诺贝尔奖
迪娜·康纳
　　 2015年12月11日
　　屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她
获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的
疾病之一。得益于她发现的青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大
大提高。
　　1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江宁波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北
京读大学，学习药学。毕业后，她在中医研究院工作。她完成了中医
领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。
　　屠呦呦接受的教育很快被证明非常有用。20世纪60年代，许多人
死于疟疾。1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，这个课题组计划
找到该疾病的治疗方法。她收集了2000多种治疗疟疾的中药配方，并
从不同的草药中获取了数百种提取物。当它们未能产生预期效果时，
屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。据一本1600多年前的古籍记载，古人
通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了这个试验，
为了不破坏其（抗疟的）有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。1971
年10月4日， 在历经190次失败之后，她成功制备出可以治疗老鼠疟疾
的青蒿提取物。
　　然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大
规模试验。屠呦呦团队成功找到了解决这个问题的方法。当时没有研
究设备，他们只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。他们夜以继日地工
作，由于条件恶劣，他们的健康开始受损，但却从未放弃。
　　然而，即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另外一个
问题。因为他们没有充足的安全数据，在病人身上进行试验有可能推
迟。为了加快进度并保证其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们
自己身上试验青蒿提取物。
屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。1972年11月，经过反复试
验，他们成功发现了青蒿素——青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。作为许
多抗疟药物中的关键成分，青蒿素迄今已经造福了近2亿疟疾患者。
在发现青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦终于因此获得了诺贝尔奖。在她的获
奖演讲上，屠呦呦鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医这座宝库，并让其更
上一层楼。也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有
益于全球医疗的药物。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. What was the proper description about malaria？（　　）
A. A disease which infects plants.
B. A deadly disease of its day.
C. A disease which infects animals.
D. A disease which can be cured easily.
2. What is qinghaosu？（　　）
A. A key part of many malaria medicines.
B. A key part of many medicines for cancer.
C. A key part of many medicines for heart disease.
D. A key part of many medicines for cholera.
3. Why did they lack qinghao extract for large trials？ （　　）
A. Because Tu Youyou and her team lacked experience.
B. Because research resources were in short supply.
C. Because there was no good laboratory for experimenting.
D. Because they had no support from the government and their families.
4. What’s the meaning of “speed up” in Paragraph 5？（　　）
A. Pull up. B. Turn up.
C. Hurry up. D. Hold up.
5. What can we learn about Tu Youyou from Paragraph 6？（　　）
A. She doesn’t continue to conduct research today.
B. She made traditional Chinese medicine spread.
C. She did not have sufficient data to start trials on patients.
D. She encouraged scientists to further explore traditional Chinese
medicine.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
在形容词、名词或动词后加某些后缀可以构成抽象名词。这篇新闻
报道中就运用了很多这样的抽象名词，请找出来并试着再想出一些
分别写在下面的表格中。
词性 后缀 名词
形容词 -dom
-ness

动词 -al

-ance
-ure
形容词/ 动词/名词 -age
wisdom， freedom
effectiveness， usefulness， kindness， loneliness，
happiness
survival， arrival， approval， proposal， refusal，
removal
appearance， acceptance， performance， assistance
failure， pleasure， exposure， closure
shortage， marriage， passage， percentage
2. 美文欣赏——赏美文，学写法
该语篇的体裁属于新闻报道，这种文体时效性强。与一般人物描写
类文章不同的是，新闻报道中的人物描写强调以客观事实说话，尽
量不加入报道者的情感，但读者能够通过语篇内容了解人物品质。
下面结合课文分析和品悟一下新闻报道类语篇的特点。
（1）语篇内容客观、准确，使用具体数据来说明屠呦呦及其团队
的科学研究过程的艰辛。如课文第三段中出现的数据She
collected over traditional Chinese medical recipes
for malaria treatment and made extracts from
different herbs.和Inspired by an over text
about preparing qinghao extract with cold water， Tu redesigned
the experiments ...就体现了新闻报道的准确性和真实性。
2，000　
hundreds of　
1，600-year-old　
（2）新闻报道的语言具有言简意赅的特点。 文章开头用一句话
（新闻导语）Tu Youyou has become
scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel
Prize， awarded for her contribution to the fight against
malaria， in human history.介
绍了屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖的事实、她的突出贡献以及疟疾这
种疾病，具有高度“概括性”。
the first female　
one of the deadliest diseases　
（3）从故事层面来看，本文注重通过描述人物的具体事迹，包括
引用人物语言来刻画人物形象。这些语言特点能加深读者对
屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖这一新闻事件以及对屠呦呦这一人物的认
知。课文第三段中的On 4 October 1971， after
， she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could
treat malaria in mice.和第四段中的They worked
and their health because of the poor
conditions， but they .等表达成功地塑造出
一个齐心协力、永不言弃的团队形象。
190
failures　
day and
night　
began to suffer　
never gave up　
（4）从叙事结构层面来看，语篇首先报道发生的重大新闻事件，
与标题呼应，然后再详细报道其他相关的重要信息，如人物
生平、事件发生的过程等。语篇以
为标题，向读者报道了这一重要消息，并
介绍了屠呦呦的生平经历和她带领团队为治疗疟疾发现并提
取青蒿素的过程，给读者提供了比简单的新闻播报更为详细
的信息。
Chinese scientist wins
2015 Nobel Prize　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
survival n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
【教材原句】　Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu， malaria patients
all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.
得益于她发现的青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。
【用法】
（1）survive vt. 幸存，幸免于难
　 　　vi. 生存，存活
survive sth 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来
survive on 依靠……生存下来
survive from 从……存活下来/流传下来
A survive B （by ...） A比B活得长（……）
（2）survivor n. 幸存者
【佳句】　The wedding ceremony is a survival from ancient times.
这种结婚仪式是从远古时期流传下来的。
【点津】　survive 表示“生存，存活”时是不及物动词。表示“幸
存，幸免于难”时是及物动词，后面不需要加介词in或from。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Some strange customs have survived earlier times.
②As far as I know， the old lady survived her husband 5 years.
③Millions of people survive a very limited diet.
④He was the only one （survive） of the crash.
from　
by　
on　
survivor　
【写美】　句式升级
⑤After she had survived that night， she was confident that everything
else would be all right.
→ ， she was confident that everything else
would be all right.（动词-ing形式短语作状语）
Having survived that night　
intend vt.& vi.想要，计划；意指
【教材原句】　In the 1960s， many people were dying of malaria， and
in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the
disease.
20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的
组长，这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。
【用法】
（1）intend to do/doing sth　打算做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth 本打算做某事
（2）intended adj. 打算的；设计的
be intended for ... 为……打算/设计的
（3）intention n. 意图，目的；企图
with the intention of 有……的打算/目的
have no intention of doing sth＝have no intention to do sth 无意做某事
【佳句】　Originally， we had intended to go to Italy， but then we
won the trip to Greece.起初，我们打算去意大利，但后来获得去希腊
的机会。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Yesterday I found a book in the bookstore by chance which
（intend） for bird lovers.
②I don’t intend anyone （see） the painting until it is
finished.
③Everything they do is intended （improve） the living
standards.
④This programme was set up with the （intend） of
providing help for homeless people.
was
intended　
to see　
to improve　
intention　
【写美】　完成句子
⑤Peter ， but something changed his
mind.（intend）
彼得本来打算去澳大利亚，但有些事使他改变了主意。
had intended to go to Australia　
refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及
【教材原句】　When they failed to produce any promising results， Tu
referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.当它
们未能产生预期效果时，屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。
【用法】
（1）refer v.　　 提到；参考；查阅
refer to ...as ... 把……称作……
refer ...to ... 把……提交给……
（2）reference n. 谈及，提到；参考，查阅
reference to ... 谈及，提到……
in/with reference to 关于
reference books 参考书
【佳句】　When I am faced with a difficulty， I usually choose to refer
to relevant learning materials or web pages.
当我面对困难时，我常常选择参考相关学习资料或网页。
【点津】　（1）refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为
referred、 referred、 referring，类似的词还有prefer。
（2）refer to和look up都可以表示“查阅；参考”，但二者是有区别
的：refer to后接所查的工具书或资料，如词典、笔记、参考书
等；look up后接word、phrase等需要查找的对象。
【练透】　品句猜词/单句语法填空
①The professor referred to global warming at least three times in his
speech.
②If you meet with the characters you don’t know， I strongly suggest
that you should refer to reference books or turn to others for help.

③He made no （refer） to his illness but only to his future
plans.
④The question referred at the meeting is hard to answer.
提到，谈及　
查阅，参考　
reference　
to　
⑤I have nothing to say reference to that case.
⑥The scientist referred to the discovery the most exciting new
development in this field.
in/with　
as　
【写美】　完成句子
⑦The custom may date back to the Tang Dynasty； for more detailed
information， please .
这种风俗可能追溯到唐朝，想要了解更多详细的信息，请查阅这
本书。
refer to the book　
limited adj.有限的
【教材原句】　However， it was hard to produce enough qinghao
extract for large trials because research resources were limited.然而，由
于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。
【用法】
（1）be limited to　 局限于……
（2）limit vt. 限制；限定
n.[C] 限度，限制
limit ...to ... 把……限制在……范围内
there is a limit to ... ……是有限度的
（3）limitless adj. 无限制的，无止境的
limitation n. 限制；局限
unlimited adj. 无限制的
【佳句】　As we all know， a person’s life is limited， but knowledge
is limitless/unlimited.
众所周知，人的生命是有限的，而知识是无限的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Families （limit） to three free tickets each.
②The teacher limited his students 500 words for their
compositions.
③There is limit to the amount of pain we can bear.
④We are doing our best with the （limit）resources
available.
are limited　
to　
a　
limited　
【写美】　完成句子
⑤Besides， essays are supposed to and
written in English only.
此外，文章应限制在800词以内，且只能用英文撰写。
be limited within 800 words　
speed up （使）加速
【教材原句】　To speed up the process and ensure its safety， Tu and
her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
为了加快进度并保证其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己
身上试验青蒿提取物。
【用法】
at a high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速
at a speed of ... 以……的速度
with great/full speed 以很快的速度/全速
pick up speed 加速
slow speed 减速
【佳句】　Modern inventions have speeded up people’s lives
amazingly.
现代发明大大加快了人们的生活节奏。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience， especially if you
are travelling a high speed.
②This flight is now heading for Paris at a speed 1，000 kilometres
an hour.
at　
of　
【写美】　翻译句子
③充足的新鲜空气和锻炼将会加速他的康复。

Plenty of fresh air and exercise will speed up his recovery.
pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的；偿清
【教材原句】　The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off.
屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。
【用法】
pay back 　　 偿还（欠款）；报复；回报
pay for sth 付某物的钱；为某事付出代价
pay sb for sth 因某物给某人报酬
pay a visit to 参观，拜访
pay attention to 注意；留心
【佳句】　It will take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.那笔贷
款将需要他的余生才能还清。
【点津】　pay作及物动词时，后面可直接接宾语，但一般是表示
钱、账单或人的词。如果要表示为某事或某物付钱时，需要用介词for
或者是带to的动词不定式来引导。
【练透】　用pay的相关短语填空
①At last I all the money I borrowed from him.
②Will you please Tianjin once more so that we may
meet again？
③I’d also like to know how much I have to the course and
whether accommodation is included.
【写美】　翻译句子
④他们的努力最终有了回报。

paid back　
pay a visit to　
pay for　
Their efforts paid off in the end.
beneficial adj.有益的，有用的
【教材原句】　Perhaps the next generation of scientists， drawing on
the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine， will indeed discover more
medicines beneficial to global health care.
也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有益于全球医
疗的药物。
【用法】
（1）be beneficial to ...＝be of benefit to ...
对……有益；有益于（to为介词）
（2）benefit n.　益处
　　　vt. 使受益
　　　vi. 得益于
benefit from/by ... 从……中受益；得益于……
（3）for the benefit of＝for one’s benefit 为了……的利益
【佳句】　To take exercise indoors is less beneficial than in the open air.
在室内锻炼不如在室外锻炼更有益。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals the
benefit of all its citizens.
②Both sides have benefited the agreement they made.
for　
from/by　
【写美】　一句多译
③据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大益处。
→ （benefit）
→
（beneficial）
It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health.　
It is said that yoga is very beneficial to human health.　
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
trial n.试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.& vt.测试，试验
【教材原句】　However， it was hard to produce enough qinghao
extract for large trials because research resources were limited.
然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模
试验。
【用法】
through trial and error　　反复试验
a trial period 试用期
clinical trial 临床试验
stand/go on trial 受到审判，受审
on trial 在试验/测试/受审中
【佳句】　New cars have several severe trials before they are put on the
market.
新汽车在投放市场前要经过多次严格的试验。
【练透】　完成句子
①We have had the machine for a week.
这台机器我们已经试用一个星期了。
②He will for fraud.
他将因涉嫌诈骗而受审。
③Like many animals， people also learn to swim
.
像许多动物一样，人也要通过反复试验才能学会游泳。
on trial　
stand/go on trial　
through trial and
error　
container n.容器；集装箱，货柜
【教材原句】　When there was no research equipment， they had to
extract herbs using household water containers.当时没有研究设备，他
们只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。
【用法】
contain vt.　　包含；含有；容纳；克制；抑制（强烈的感情等）
contain oneself 克制自己
【佳句】　The container contains many kinds of fruits， including
apples/apples included.
容器中盛着各种水果，其中包括苹果。
【点津】　（1）contain指某容器中盛有某物、装有某物。
（2）include表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内，常构成分词
短语sth included或including sth。
【练透】　单句语法填空/选词填空
①He was so excited that he could hardly contain （he）.
②I don’t know how much oil is in this old （contain）.
③The girl went to pick up the bag （contain） much
money.
④Our school lecture hall （contain） 1，000 people.
⑤Look！The box a number of letters， which
those from his students.（contain/include）
himself　
container　
containing　
contains　
contains　
include　
Part Ⅲ　重点句型解构
句型公式：the＋序数词＋名词＋to do ...
【教材原句】　Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the
People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize， awarded for her
contribution to the fight against malaria， one of the deadliest diseases in
human history.
屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖
是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病
之一。
【用法】
（1）当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或其前有
the next、 the only、 the last等限定时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
（2）动词不定式作后置定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的词有
ability、 chance、 ambition、 offer、 anxiety、 answer、 reply、
attempt、 belief等。
【品悟】　He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy
comforts.
他总是一个吃苦在前，享乐在后的人。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。
【写美】　完成句子
①China has become the far
side of the moon.
中国已经成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家。
②I believe that I have .
我相信我有能力做好这项具有挑战性的工作。
③Practice is .
学好一门语言的唯一途径就是实践。
the first country to land a spacecraft on　
the ability to do the challenging work well　
the only way to learn a language well　
④ the top of the mountain can also receive
a gift.
最后一个到达山顶的人也可以得到一个礼物。
The last person to arrive at　
句型公式：形容词化的动词-ed形式作状语
【教材原句】　Born in 1930， in Ningbo， Zhejiang Province， Tu
studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.1930
年，屠呦呦出生于浙江宁波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京读大
学，学习药学。
【用法】
句中Born in 1930 ...是形容词化的动词-ed形式作状语。
（1）动词-ed形式包括动作类和状态类两种形式，状态类动词-ed形
式相当于形容词。
（2）形容词（短语）或形容词化的动词-ed形式作状语可以表示方
式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句
子其他成分隔开。
（3）形容词化的动词-ed形式作状语时常用来表示主语的状态和结
果。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词形式。
【品悟】　Exhausted， I fell fast asleep.
由于太累了，我很快就睡着了。
Absorbed in writing a letter， he didn’t even look up when I came in.
他在聚精会神地写信，当我进来时他甚至都没有抬头。
【写美】　完成句子/句式升级
① ， Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
托尼既惊讶又高兴，站起来领奖。
②He spent three days in the wind and snow， .
他又累又饿地在风雪中过了三天。
③ ， some of the passengers were sent to the nearest
hospital at once.
因严重受伤，其中有些乘客被立刻送到最近的医院。
Surprised and happy　
tired and hungry　
Seriously injured　
④Because she was born into a poor family， Nadia had only two years of
schooling.
→ ， Nadia had only two years of schooling.
（动词-ed形式作状语）
Born into a poor family　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. He had i to come to your birthday party， but his mother got
ill that day.
2. The sports meeting has already been p three times because
of bad weather.
3. Many people do not like the idea of e on animals.
ntended　
ostponed　
xperiments　
4. The boss of the restaurant agreed to employ me for a t period of
two months.
5. As is known to all， Guangdong is an important p of South
China.
6. A survey （进行） by a famous scientist showed that
sitting too long contributes to heart disease.
7. The money she has saved is （足够） for buying a big
apartment for her family.
rial　
rovince　
conducted　
sufficient　
8. We are （围绕） by a natural playground just perfect
for walking， caving， climbing and cycling.
9. He wants to buy the books in quantity， so the storekeeper will
not （收费） him much.
10. People were frightened when a （致命的） disease called
cholera broke out in the town.
surrounded　
charge　
deadly　
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. The man went abroad with the （intend） of trying his
fortune， but failed at last.
2. For some students studying abroad， cooking is an
essential （survive） skill.
3. Her menu was so （limit） that few customers came to her
restaurant.
intention　
survival　
limited　
4. Both sides agreed that our cooperation will be mutually
（benefit） and will help keep regional peace.
5. The statistics are a clear （illustrate） of the point I am
trying to make.
6. When I was confused about my life， I was impressed with
the （wise） of my grandfather’s words.
7. Place them in a jam jar， porcelain bowl， or other
similar （contain）.
8. It is said that the cobra （眼镜蛇） is one of the
world’s （dead） snakes.
beneficial　
illustration　
wisdom　
containers　
deadliest　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1. 在我看来，是他坚定的决心改变了一切。（强调句）
As far as I’m concerned，
.
2. 如果没有电，今天的生活将会十分不同。（含蓄虚拟条件句）
， life quite different today.
3. 学习查词典是小学生必须掌握的一项技能。（refer to）
is a skill that must be mastered by
pupils.
it was his strong determination that made
a difference　
Without electricity　
would be　
Learning to refer to a dictionary　
4. 她是在奥运会上第一位获得金牌的女性运动员。（the＋序数词＋
名词＋to do ...）
She was the gold medal in the
Olympic Games.
5. 他躺在那儿，放松得连书都不看。（动词-ed形式短语作状语）
He lay there， .
the first female athlete to win　
too relaxed even to read a book　
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
　　Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist 1. （receive） a Nobel Prize， awarded for her 2. （contribute） to the fight against malaria.In 1969 Tu became head of a team intending
3. （find） a cure for malaria.When they failed， Tu didn’t give up.4. （inspire） by an over 1，600-year-old text，
Tu redesigned the experiments.After 190 failures， she succeeded
to
receive　
contribution　
to find　
Inspired　
5. making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.When there was no research 6. （equip）， they had to extract herbs using household water 7. （contain）.They volunteered to test it on themselves to test their results.Their efforts finally paid 8. .Qinghaosu has since been 9. （benefit） to
many people.In Tu’s Nobel Lecture， she encouraged scientists to
further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine，
10. will benefit global health care.
in　
equipment　
containers　
off　
beneficial　
which　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　At 1：43 a.m.， Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a
Nobel committee representative who， revealing the significant news，
told her， “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your
life changes.”
　　Instructed not to share the announcement outside of her tightest inner
circle， the first person Bertozzi called was her father， William
Bertozzi， a retired physics professor from MIT. “He’s 91 and， of
course， he was just overjoyed，” said Bertozzi.“And then he called
my sisters for me.One of my sisters and my dad watched it live.”
　　Bertozzi was recognized for founding the field of biorthogonal
chemistry （生物正交化学）， a set of chemical reactions that allow
researchers to study molecules （分子） and their interactions in living
things without involving natural biological processes.Bertozzi’s lab has
been using the new methods to answer basic questions about the role of
sugars in biology， to solve practical problems， like developing better
tests for infectious diseases， and to create a new medicine that can better
target tumors （肿瘤）.　　
“I could not be more delighted that Bertozzi has won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry，” said Stanford President Marc Tessier-Lavigne.“In
pioneering the field of biorthogonal chemistry， Bertozzi invented a new
way of studying biomolecular processes， one that has helped scientists
around the world gain deeper understanding of chemical reactions in living
systems.Being a crown jewel in chemistry， her work has had an
outstanding real-world impact.The research achievements have been used
to study how cells build proteins and other molecules， to develop new
cancer medicines， and to produce new materials for energy storage，
among many other applications.”
　　“They call and I’m not even awake ...Starbucks isn’t even open
yet，” she exclaimed while in her pajamas at her kitchen table.By 3
a.m.， Bertozzi had nearly three dozen voicemails.“This is how it’s
going to be all day.This is insane，” she said.“Maybe I should cancel
meetings.”
　　Pausing between interviews about two hours later to check her
messages， Bertozzi said， “My family has already booked their flights
to Stockholm.It’s amazing.Go back to sleep！”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。凌晨，Bertozzi接到电话被告知获得
了诺贝尔奖。文章介绍了她研究的内容，斯坦福大学校长对她的评
价以及她接受采访时的情景。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。凌晨，Bertozzi接到电话被告知获得
了诺贝尔奖。文章介绍了她研究的内容，斯坦福大学校长对她的评
价以及她接受采访时的情景。
1. Why was a call made to Bertozzi at midnight？（　　）
A. To warn her of some emergency.
B. To inform her of winning the prize.
C. To prepare for a meeting.
D. To collect things to visit her relatives.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段和下文内容可知，凌晨1点43
分，Bertozzi被诺贝尔委员会代表的电话吵醒，这个电话通知
Bertozzi获奖了。
2. What does Bertozzi’s lab use the new methods to do？（　　）
A. Develop a new drug for cancer.
B. Produce more nutritious sugars.
C. Separate biology from chemistry.
D. Find cures for infectious diseases.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Bertozzi’s lab has been
using the new methods to answer basic questions about the role of
sugars in biology， to solve practical problems可知，Bertozzi的实验
室运用这些新方法来开发一种治疗癌症的新药。
3. What does the underlined part “a crown jewel” in Paragraph 4 refer
to？（　　）
A. The king’s treasure.
B. The universal focus.
C. The most complex part.
D. The most valuable breakthrough.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句描述研究成果的后续
使用方向可推知，她的发现非常有价值。由此可知，画线部分所在
句子意为“作为化学界最有价值的突破，她的工作在现实世界中产
生了显著的影响”，a crown jewel意为“最有价值的突破”。
4. What kind of person is Bertozzi？（　　）
A. Courageous and quiet.
B. Creative and generous.
C. Wise and hard-working.
D. Pioneering and humorous.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段中Bertozzi was recognized for
founding the field of biorthogonal chemistry可知，Bertozzi因创立生
物正交化学领域而受到认可；根据第四段中In pioneering the field of
biorthogonal chemistry， Bertozzi invented a new way of studying
biomolecular processes可知，Bertozzi发明了一种研究生物分子过程
的新方法，由此推知Bertozzi是有开拓性的；根据第五段对Bertozzi
的采访及最后一段中“My family has ...Go back to sleep！”可
知，她是幽默的。
B
　　Sofia Kovalevskaya was born in Moscow， Russia， in 1850.As a
young child， Kovalevskaya was attracted to the unusual wallpaper on the
wall of a room in the family house： the lecture notes of Mikhail
Ostrogradsky on differential and integral calculus （微积分）.
　　Although her father provided her with private teachers， he would not
allow her to study abroad for further education， and Russian universities
would not then admit women.Kovalevskaya wanted to continue her
studies in mathematics， so she found a solution： to get married to a
young student， Vladimir Kovalevsky.This allowed her to leave Russia
and continue her studies.
　　The pair traveled together to Austria and then to Germany， where in
1869 Kovalevskaya studied at Heidelberg University.The following year
she moved to Berlin to study with Karl Weierstrass privately， as the
university in Berlin would not allow any women to attend classes.In
1874， she presented three papers to the University of Gottingen and was
awarded a doctoral degree.Her paper on partial differential equations
（偏微分方程） won her valuable recognition within the European
mathematical community.
　　Having received her degree， she returned to Russia with her
husband.However， they were unable to find the academic positions they
desired.So Kovalevskaya returned to Berlin.In 1883， she became a
lecturer in mathematics at Stockholm University.
　　In 1888 she was awarded the Prix Bordin of the French Academy of
Sciences for research now called the Kovalevskaya Top.She also won a
prize from the Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1889， and that same year
was appointed （任命） to a chair at the university — the first woman
appointed to a chair at a modern European university.She was also elected
to the Russian Academy of Sciences as a member that same year.
　　Kovalevskaya was also known as a writer and a supporter of
women’s rights.She composed novels， plays， and essays， including
the autobiographical novel A Russian Childhood and Nihilist Girl， a story
of her life in Russia.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了俄国数学家Sofia
Kovalevskaya。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了俄国数学家Sofia
Kovalevskaya。
5. What can be learned about young Kovalevskaya？（　　）
A. She received public education.
B. She was addicted to mathematics.
C. She showed interest in wallpaper.
D. She had no support from her father.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第二段中
Kovalevskaya wanted to continue her studies in mathematics可知，小
时候的Kovalevskaya痴迷于学习数学。
6. What happened to Kovalevskaya in the 1870s？（　　）
A. She got married to a young student.
B. She was noted in the academic world.
C. She studied at Heidelberg University.
D. She worked with Karl Weierstrass in Berlin.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，在1874
年，Kovalevskaya关于偏微分方程的论文使她获得了欧洲数学
界的认可。
7. What does Paragraph 5 mainly say about Kovalevskaya？（　　）
A. Her goal. B. Her research.
C. Her problems. D. Her achievements.
解析：　段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知，本段主要介绍了
Kovalevskaya所获得的奖项及荣誉，即主要介绍了她的成就。本段
中的chair意为“大学教授的职位”。
8. Which of the following can best describe Kovalevskaya？（　　）
A. Creative and generous.
B. Patient and productive.
C. Positive and considerate.
D. Talented and determined.
解析：　推理判断题。通读全文可知，Kovalevskaya不仅极具天
赋，而且在追求数学的道路上意志坚定，不畏困难、不惧挑战，最
终取得成功。
C
　　Role models are important for inspiring scientists， but new research
suggests that scientists who are known for their hard work are more
encouraging than scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant.
　　In a series of studies， researchers found that young people were
more motivated by scientists whose success was connected with efforts
than those whose success was because of natural intelligence， even if that
scientist was Albert Einstein.
　　Danfei Hu， a doctoral student at Pennsylvania State University，
and Janet N. Ann， an assistant professor of psychology at William
Paterson University， said the findings — recently published in Basic and
Applied Social Psychology — will help deal with the certain secret about
what it takes to succeed in science.
　　According to the researchers， there is concern in the science
community with the number of students who run after careers in science
during school only to drop out of those career paths once they graduate
from college.To help solve the problem， Hu and Ann wanted to research
role models， who give the students specific goals， behaviour or
strategies they can follow.
　　The researchers performed studies with 176 and 162 participants in
each study respectively.In the first study， all participants read the same
story about common struggles a scientist met in his science
career.However， half were told the story was about Einstein， while half
were told it was about Thomas Edison.Although the stories are the same，
participants were more likely to believe natural brilliance was the reason
for Einstein’s success.In addition， the participants who believed the
story was about Edison were more motivated to complete a series of maths
problems.
　　“This proved that people generally seem to view Einstein as a
genius， with his success commonly linked to extraordinary talent，” Hu
said.“Edison， on the other hand， is known for failing more than 1，
000 times when trying to create the light bulb， and his success is linked
to his efforts.” Hu added， “Knowing that something great can be
achieved through hard work and efforts， more students will step into the
science career confidently.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了依靠勤奋和努力而成功
的科学家比天生才华横溢的科学家更能鼓舞人心。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了依靠勤奋和努力而成功
的科学家比天生才华横溢的科学家更能鼓舞人心。
9. What kind of scientist is more encouraging？（　　）
A. Those who are famous around the world.
B. Those who are famous for their hard work.
C. Those who are viewed as naturally brilliant.
D. Those who are viewed as great inventors.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段中的but new research suggests
that scientists who are known for their hard work are more encouraging
than scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant可知，那些以勤奋
努力而闻名的科学家比那些天生才华横溢的科学家更能激励人心。
10. What is the concern in the science community？（　　）
A. Fewer students will work on science.
B. The students will drop out of school soon.
C. There are fewer role models for students to follow.
D. Some scientists cannot give students specific goals.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第四段中的there is concern in the
science community with the number of students who run after careers
in science during school only to drop out of those career paths once
they graduate from college可知，很多在校期间追求科学事业的学
生在大学毕业后就放弃了从事与科学相关的事业，也就是说从事
科学事业的学生会更少，而这正是科学界所担忧的事情。
11. Why were some participants motivated to complete a series of maths
problems？（　　）
A. They knew the problems were given by Edison.
B. They believed they were as intelligent as Einstein.
C. They believed they could solve the problems by working hard.
D. They knew they were to work together with Einstein and Edison.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第五段第一句可知，参与者完成一
系列的数学题是受到爱迪生的故事的鼓舞；再根据最后一段中的
关键句Edison， on the other hand， is known for failing more than
1，000 times when trying to create the light bulb， and his success is
linked to his efforts.可知，爱迪生在尝试发明灯泡时失败了1000多
次，他的成功与他的努力有关。综合得知，这些受到爱迪生故事
鼓舞的参与者相信通过努力和勤奋可以解决问题，所以他们才有
动力去完成一系列数学题。
12. What is the best title for the text？ （　　）
A. Einstein’s Success Story
B. Edison’s Achievements Are Greater
C. How to Be a Great Scientist
D. Einstein Is Less Encouraging than Edison
解析：　标题归纳题。第一段点明本文主旨，再结合下文内容
可知，本文主要阐述的是那些以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家比那些
天生才华横溢的科学家更能激励人心。D项中的Einstein代指天生
才华横溢的科学家，Edison代指以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家，即
“天生才华横溢的科学家不如以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家鼓舞人
心”，因此，D项最能概括文章主旨，适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Qualities of a Good Scientist
　　The qualities of a good scientist may vary to some extent with
different specialties.But， every scientist needs to have a good foundation
in science classes throughout high school and college， along with a good
understanding of math.13.（　　）.
　　 Two of the most common characteristics of scientists are curiosity
and patience.14.（　　）， and they want to learn what makes
everything work.Their curiosity keeps them going， heading to the next
project and the next experiment.They must also have the patience to
experience the years of work that might be required to make a discovery in
a scientific field.A sense of optimism keeps a scientist performing
experiment after experiment， even if most of them fail.15.
（　　）.They require patience to repeat experiments many times to
prove results.
　　 16.（　　）， noticing even tiny observations and remembering
and recording them.Their minds tend to be analytical （分析的）， and
they can collect and store data in an efficient way so it can be recalled
later.They usually have facts and guesses from several fields and
experiments so that they can be put together in different combinations （组
合） to answer questions or provide direction for research.
　　 Being open-minded is important for successful people in science
careers.A good scientist will accept whatever result his or her work has.A
scientist will also not give wrong results or shade an experiment to get the
expected outcome.17.（　　）， even when they have different
opinions from his or her own.
A. Scientists can help and support one another
B. He or she will accept the solutions of others
C. Scientists need to pay more attention to details
D. Scientists are curious about the world around them
E. They build on the work of scientists from past generations
F. These basic classes give you a good start toward a career in science
G. Scientists know that failed experiments provide answers as often as
successful ones do
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好科学家应该具备的一
些品质。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好科学家应该具备的一
些品质。
13. F　上文指出一位好科学家的品质可能因为专业不同而在某种程度
上有所不同，但每一位科学家都需要在高中和大学的科学课上打好基
础，同时对数学有好的领悟力。由此可知，打好科学基础对从事科学
事业的人来说很重要。F项中的These basic classes指代上文中的science
classes。
14. D　本段指出科学家最普遍的两个品质是有好奇心和耐心。根据
空后的they want to learn what makes everything work可知，科学家对他
们周围的世界很好奇。D项中的curious与上文中的curiosity是原词复现
关系，空后的they指代D项中的Scientists。
15. G　上文指出即使大多数实验都失败了，乐观主义也能让科学家
不断地进行实验，下文指出科学家要有耐心多次重做实验以证明结
果。由此可知，空处应该与失败的实验给科学家带来的好处相关。G
项中的failed experiments呼应上文中的experiment after experiment和
most of them fail。
16. C　根据本空后的noticing even tiny observations and remembering
and recording them可知，科学家需要更多地关注细节。C项中的details
呼应下文中的tiny observations。
17. B　本段指出科学家需要具备的另外一个品质——有包容的心
态，愿意接受不同的意见。B项中的He or she指代上文中的A good
scientist，且accept与上文中的accept是原词复现关系。shade此处作动
词，意为“隐瞒，掩饰”。
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