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Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空。
1.Ordinary soap， 　　　　　　（use） correctly， can deal with bacteria effectively.
2.The meeting 　　　　　　（hold） last night was about safety.
3.When 　　　　　　（take） according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.
4.Don’t leave that man over there 　　　　　　（wait） outside and show him in now.
5.　　　　　　 （base） on what we have discussed， how do you feel about this job？
6.The 　　　　　　（surprise） look showed that she hadn’t known the experiment.
7.John Snow told the story about the 　　　　　（astonish） people in Broad Street.
8.Jim has retired， but he still remembers the happy time 　　　　　　（spend） with his students.
9.　　　　　　 （raise） in the poorest area of Glasgow， he had a long and hard road to becoming a composer.
10.We went to the cinema with the friendly household， 　　　　　　（fill） with excitement.
维度二：语法与写作
完成句子。
1.She was happy to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　at her elder sister’s home.
她很高兴看到母亲在她姐姐家里受到很好的照顾。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， she attended the opening ceremony.
穿着一条漂亮的裙子，她参加了开幕式。
3.I usually 　　　　　　　　　　　　　to my office when I am busy.
当我忙的时候，我通常叫快餐送到我的办公室。
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， Mary is more determined to achieve her goal.
与其他学生相比，玛丽更有决心实现自己的目标。
5.The Internet keeps us 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and also provides entertainment in the house.
互联网使我们在家就能随时了解最新的新闻，而且也为我们提供娱乐。
6.Addicted to computer games， he left 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
沉迷于电脑游戏，他很多作业没有做完。
维度三：语法与语篇
用动词-ed形式完成下面短文。
　　1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （出生在一个山村）， Tom was interested in something involving agriculture.When he was young， he often helped his father with the crops 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （在大雨中损坏的）. When he grew up， he was admitted into a famous university， where he majored in agriculture.After graduation， he joined a team 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （由一位老专家设立的） with enough professional knowledge.When 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （面临自然灾害）， some farmers were often helpless.Tom and his team often helped them to 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （提高他们的信心）.They also showed them how to save the damaged crops and how to 6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （使产量翻一番）.Most of the local farmers thought highly of the team.7.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （被这些农民称赞）， Tom worked harder than before.In his opinion， it was his duty to help the farmers out when they got into trouble.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　New York City public schools will ban students and teachers from using ChatGPT， a powerful new AI chatbot tool， on the district’s networks and devices， an official confirmed to CNN on Thursday.
　　The move comes while educators raise concerns that students could use the tool， which generates frighteningly effective responses and even essays in response to user prompts （提示）， to do homework for them.Some also worry that ChatGPT could be used to spread inaccurate （不准确的） information.
　　“Due to concerns about negative impacts on student learning， and concerns regarding the safety and accuracy of content， access to ChatGPT is restricted on New York City public schools’ networks and devices，” said Jenna Lyle， a spokesperson for New York City’s Department of Education.“While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions， it does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills， which are essential for academic and lifelong success.”
　　ChatGPT is able to provide lengthy， thoughtful and detailed responses to questions and prompts， ranging from factual questions like “Who was the president of the United States in 1955？” to more open-ended questions such as “What’s the meaning of life？”
　　ChatGPT became popular just days after its launch.But many educators fear students will use the tool to cheat.One user， for example， fed ChatGPT an AP English exam question； it responded with a 5-paragraph essay about Wuthering Heights.Another user asked the chatbot to write an essay about the life of William Shakespeare four times； he received a unique version with the same prompt each time.
　　Darren Hicks， assistant professor of philosophy at Furman University， said it will be harder to prove when a student misuses ChatGPT than with other forms of cheating.“In more traditional forms of plagiarism — stealing or copying another’s work — I can go and find proof，” he said.“In this case， there’s nothing out there that I can point to and say， ‘Here’s the material they took.’”
1.What do educators fear about ChatGPT？（　　）
A.It will lead to students cheating.
B.It will reveal students’ information.
C.It will offer unhealthy content to students.
D.It will result in longer screen time for students.
2.What does the underlined word “restricted” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean？（　　）
A.Limited. B.Required.
C.Permitted. D.Recommended.
3.What do we know about ChatGPT？（　　）
A.It cannot answer open-ended questions.
B.It helps teachers set and correct homework.
C.It makes no mistakes when answering questions.
D.It can offer different essays with the same prompt.
4.What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A.ChatGPT Has Negative Effects on Student Learning
B.ChatGPT Makes Plagiarism More Difficult to Find
C.ChatGPT Surprises People with Its High Intelligence
D.ChatGPT Is Prohibited in New York City Public Schools
B
　　（2024·江苏徐州高一期末）Yellow flower carpeted fields are a sure sign of summer.In Denmark alone， more than 200，000 hectares of rapeseed （油菜籽） are planted every year.But until now， the plant has only been used for oil and animal feed， as it is both bitter and unsafe as a direct food source for humans.
　　To protect themselves， the rapeseed plants produce a group of substances （物质） called glucosinolates （硫苷）， which give the plants a strong and bitter taste that scares off insects and disease.As a result， rapeseed is unhealthy to eat and the rapeseed cake， which is the remains of the seeds after the oil has been squeezed out， has only been used in limited quantities as feed for pigs and chickens， despite its 30－40 per cent protein content.
　　Now， researchers from the University of Copenhagen have discovered the three proteins that help to store the bitter substances in seeds of thale cress （阿拉伯芥）， a plant closely related to the rapeseed.The new discovery makes it possible to prevent the accumulation （积聚） of these substances in the seed by removing the proteins through “transport engineering” technology.In doing so， the defensive substances remain in all other parts of the plant， allowing it to continue to defend itself.
　　So far， the researchers have shown that their method works in thale cress.“The next task is to apply our method to the closely related rapeseed plant， which we are now working on，” says Professor Halkier， leader of the research.
　　“Half of plant proteins in the EU come from rapeseed plants.The climate crisis demands that we reduce meat consumption and eat more plants， which is where rapeseed has great potential as a new source of plant protein.Our latest research results bring us a step closer to making full use of rapeseed，” says Professor Halkier.
5.What is the function of Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.To state the reason. B.To offer the solution.
C.To give an example. D.To introduce the topic.
6.According to the research， how did scientists rid thale cress of its bitter taste？（　　）
A.By selecting better seeds.
B.By removing the three proteins.
C.By increasing sweet tastes.
D.By storing defensive substances.
7.What do Halkier’s words in last paragraph focus on？（　　）
A.Researchers’ efforts to better the taste.
B.Researchers’ progress in their experiment.
C.Rapeseed’s role in relieving climate crisis.
D.Rapeseed’s potential as a new protein source.
8.Which of the following is a suitable title for this text？（　　）
A.Harmful Proteins Discovered in Rapeseed
B.Rapeseed Widely Used as Oil and Animal Food
C.Researchers Closer to Making Rapeseed Safe Food
D.New Plant Proteins in Rapeseed Finally Uncovered
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　All TED talks are interesting.The presenters present creative ideas that， in turn， cause us to think further on the issue or topic.One talk that particularly stuck in my mind was How Simple Ideas Lead to Scientific Discoveries by Adam Savage.Known for hosting the show MythBusters on the Discovery Channel， Savage put forward the idea that a scientist who discovers amazing things is no different than any other person.9.（　　） But do not get confused， these scientists are not all philosophers who sit in a room and question everything.They simply witness something during their lifetime and wonder why or how it occurred.
　　10.（　　）He began his discussion with an appealing tale of a little boy called Richard Feynman who wondered how inertia （惯性） worked， and later told the audience how that one experience led him to win a Nobel Prize in Physics.11.（　　） He also integrated （融入） his points with stories.These tales， not only were great examples， but also maintained the captivation （吸引力） of the audience.
　　I believe it is key to have passion in what you are discussing.12.（　　） But if you effectively show your ideas and why you have an interest， the audience is more likely to also develop an interest.Savage did an amazing job of this during his speech.
　　13.（　　） I like to learn new things， but science is not my favourite subject.After watching Savage’s talk， I wanted to learn more about the history of science.
A.I believe that should be all presenters’ goal.
B.He was a lifelong maker of things and curious person.
C.As a liberal arts major， I have little interest in science.
D.The audience may not share your passion in the beginning.
E.The majority of the discoveries that have been made were the results of wonder.
F.Savage then continued to make his points about how most scientific discoveries were found.
G.One of the strongest techniques that Savage used throughout his speech was storytelling.
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Dad Joel Wagener is using his newly-founded ice cream business to give back to his community and create a career path for his children.
　　Wagener started 　14　 an ice cream truck in April 2021.He bought the used vehicle in January， and soon， a（n） 　15　 was born.Two of his children 　16　 on the truck.Son Josh and daughter Mary Kate were both born with Down syndrome （唐氏综合征）， and Wagener quickly 　17　 that the truck offered a 　18　 to them as they neared the end of the school system.
　　“At every stage， with special needs kids， you look towards the future and what’s their 　19　 going to be like in the next phase，” Wagener explained.“It also becomes more of a（n） 　20　 for us as parents to say ‘What can we do to help them add some 　21　 to society？’ That’s very important to us.”
　　Now， Mary Kate and Josh are having a great time 　22　 with their dad to sell what they call the best ice cream in America.Wagener said that working alongside his children on the truck has been “the greatest 　23　”.
　　Since the start of April， the family has sold more than 10，000 delicious treats in the Cincinnati area.Wagener is 　24　 to expand the business and help even more children with special needs while 　25　 his mission to help his children.
　　“As a parent， you have 　26　，” Wagener said.“I don’t know whether they will be totally 　27　.But we hope to 　28　 them in that direction.”
14.（　）A.operating B.driving
C.repairing D.testing
15.（　）A.star B.tradition
C.idea D.business
16.（　）A.spoke up B.cleaned up
C.helped out D.checked out
17.（　）A.admitted B.realized
C.decided D.explained
18.（　）A.future B.treatment
C.deal D.trip
19.（　）A.society B.family
C.life D.action
20.（　）A.achievement B.encouragement
C.opportunity D.responsibility
21.（　）A.luck B.value
C.fun D.power
22.（　）A.competing B.playing
C.working D.sharing
23.（　）A.joy B.risk
C.need D.example
24.（　）A.happening B.hoping
C.waiting D.hesitating
25.（　）A.changing B.planning
C.supporting D.continuing
26.（　）A.desires B.fears
C.successes D.challenges
27.（　）A.reasonable B.normal
C.independent D.correct
28.（　）A.control B.move
C.return D.protect
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　In 1938， a British engineer and amateur meteorologist （业余的气象学家） made a discovery 29.　　　　　　 set off a public discussion on climate change.
　　Scientists had known for many years that carbon dioxide could trap （吸收） heat and warm 30.　　　　　　 planet.But Guy Callendar was the first 31.　　　　　　 （connect） human activities to global warming.
　　He showed that land temperatures 32.　　　　　　 （increase） over the previous half-century， and he theorized that people were raising Earth’s temperature by 33.　　　　　　 （burn） fossil fuels in fireplaces， 34.　　　　　　 （factory） and even his beloved motorcycles.
　　When Callendar published his findings， many scientists saw 35.　　　　　　 （he） as an outsider.But he was right.His theory became 36.　　　　　　 （common） known as “the Callendar Effect”.Today， it’s known as global warming.
A theoretical basis for climate change had been developed over the 114 years leading up to Callendar’s research.Scientists including Joseph Fourier， Eunice Newton Foote， John Tyndall 37.　　　　　　 Svante Arrhenius had developed an understanding of how water vapor （水蒸气） in the air trapped heat， noted that carbon dioxide also trapped large amounts of heat and thought about how 38.　　　　　　 （grow） fossil fuel use could raise the Earth’s temperature and change the climate.However， these scientists spoke only of future possibilities.Callendar showed global warming was already happening.
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.used　2.held　3.taken　4.waiting　5.Based
6.surprised　7.astonished　8.spent　9.Raised　10.filled
维度二
1.see her mother taken good care of　2.Dressed in a beautiful skirt　3.have fast food delivered　4.Compared with other students　5.informed of the latest news
6.much homework unfinished
维度三
1.Born in a mountain village　2.damaged in the heavy rain
3.set up by an old expert　4.faced with a natural disaster
5.have their confidence improved
6.have the production doubled　7.Praised by these farmers
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。纽约市公立学校将禁止学生和教师使用ChatGPT， 因为教育工作者担心这一人工智能聊天机器人工具会助长学生作弊和不准确信息的传播。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第二段内容及第五段第二句可知，教育工作者担心学生会使用ChatGPT来为他们做家庭作业，即会导致学生作弊。
2.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的上半句Due to concerns about negative impacts on student learning， and concerns regarding the safety and accuracy of content并结合第一段内容可知，出于这些担心，纽约市公立学校限制在其网络和设备上访问ChatGPT。画线词restricted与limited意思相近。
3.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句Another user asked the chatbot to write an essay about the life of William Shakespeare four times； he received a unique version with the same prompt each time.可知，用户给了ChatGPT四次同样的提示让写有关莎士比亚的文章，每次都能得到不同的版本。
4.D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了纽约市公立学校出于防止学生作弊和传播不准确消息的目的将禁止学生和教师使用ChatGPT。因此，D项最适合作本文标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，通过移除三种蛋白质，油菜籽有可能变得可以被人类食用，并有成为植物蛋白新来源的巨大潜力。
5.A　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段内容可知，油菜籽植物会产生一组带有苦味的防御性物质，这使得食用油菜籽不适合作为人类的一种直接食物来源，而油菜籽榨油后的菜籽饼，也只被少量用作猪和鸡的饲料。由此推断，第二段的作用是陈述食用油菜籽苦和不安全的原因。
6.B　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，哥本哈根大学的研究人员已经发现了三种蛋白质，它们有助于在阿拉伯芥的种子中储存苦味物质，这种新发现使得通过“运输工程”技术去除这三种蛋白质来防止那些苦味物质在种子中的积累成为可能。即科学家们是通过移除阿拉伯芥中的三种蛋白质来去除苦味的。
7.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，欧盟一半的植物蛋白来自油菜籽植物，而气候危机要求减少肉类消费，多吃植物，这就是油菜籽作为植物蛋白新来源的巨大潜力所在。即Halkier的话集中在油菜籽作为一种新的蛋白质来源的潜力上。
8.C　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段内容和最后一段中的Our latest research results bring us a step closer to making full use of rapeseed可知，研究人员对阿伯拉芥（一种与油菜籽密切相关的植物）的研究表明，通过移除三种蛋白质，油菜籽有可能变得可以被人类食用，并有成为植物蛋白新来源的巨大潜力。因此，C项（研究人员更接近于使油菜籽成为安全食品）适合作为本文的标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。Adam Savage的一场TED演讲引发了作者对科学的兴趣。
9.E　上文指出Savage在他的演讲中提到做出惊人发现的科学家与其他人没有什么不同；下文指出这些科学家并不是异想天开、质疑一切，而是对他们看到的事物一探究竟。E项[（科学家的）大多数发现都源于好奇]中的wonder与下文中的wonder是原词复现关系。
10.G　本段介绍Savage如何进行他的演讲。G项（Savage在演讲中使用的最厉害的技巧之一是讲故事）中的storytelling呼应下文中的He began his discussion with an appealing tale of a little boy和He also integrated （融入） his points with stories。
11.F　上文指出Savage在演讲中以一个小男孩的故事开始他的论述，之后指出这个男孩最终获得诺贝尔物理学奖。由此可知，本空与上文内容之间应是顺承关系，具体介绍Savage是如何进行他的演讲。F项（Savage接着继续阐述他关于大多数科学发现是如何被发现的观点）中的his points与下文中的his points是原词复现关系。
12.D　本段介绍如何让观众对你的演讲感兴趣。由此可知，本空与观众对你的演讲所持有的态度有关。D项中的passion与上文中的passion是原词复现关系，且该项中的not share your passion in the beginning呼应下文中的more likely to also develop an interest。
13.C　根据空后一句中的science is not my favourite subject可知，作者对科学不太感兴趣。故C项符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。爸爸带着两个患有唐氏综合征的孩子在卡车上卖冰激凌，为他们开创一条就业道路。
14.A　根据上段中的Dad Joel Wagener is using his newly-founded ice cream business可知，Wagener在2021年4月开始在卡车上售卖冰激凌。他在1月买了这辆旧卡车， 不久他的生意就开张了。
15.D　参见上题解析。
16.C　根据上段中的create a career path for his children可知，Wagener用卡车售卖冰激凌，意在为他的孩子们开创一条就业道路。由此可推断，他的两个孩子在卡车上帮忙。这两个孩子都天生患有唐氏综合征，Wagener很快意识到这辆卡车能为他们解决未来的就业问题。
17.B　参见上题解析。
18.A　参见16题解析。
19.C　根据本空前的At every stage， with special needs kids， you look towards the future可知，在照顾有特殊需求的孩子的每个阶段，你都要往前看，想想下一阶段他们的生活会是什么样子。
20.D　根据本段中的as parents、What can we do to help them add some 　21　 to society？和倒数第二段中的his mission to help his children可知，Wagener认为作为父母，他们也有更大的责任关注这两个孩子的未来，思考“我们能做些什么来帮助他们为社会贡献一些价值？”
21.B　参见上题解析。
22.C　根据下文的working alongside his children on the truck可知，Mary Kate和Josh很高兴与爸爸一起在卡车上工作，卖冰激凌。
23.A　根据本段中的Mary Kate and Josh are having a great time 　22　 with their dad可知，Wagener和孩子们彼此都喜欢对方的陪伴，Wagener说和孩子们一起工作是最大的快乐。
24.B　根据本段第一句可知，Wagener开业后卖了一万多个冰激凌，他期望扩大生意，在继续帮助自己的孩子的同时也帮助更多有特殊需求的孩子。
25.D　参见上题解析。
26.A　根据本段最后一句But we hope to 　28　 them in that direction.可知，Wagener说，作为父母，我们是有愿望的。
27.C　根据第一段中的create a career path for his children可知，Wagener帮助孩子们开创一条就业道路，他不知道他们是否能够完全独立，但是他希望推动他们朝这个方向发展。
28.B　参见上题解析。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。1938年，英国工程师盖伊·卡伦德首次提出“全球变暖”的观点，并将人类活动与全球变暖联系起来。
29.that/which　考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词discovery，且在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
30.the　考查冠词。the planet特指“地球”。
31.to connect　考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语修饰the first。the first to do sth第一个做某事的人。
32.had increased　考查动词的时态。根据语境和时间状语over the previous half-century可知，increase所表示的动作发生在“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had increased。
33.burning　考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词by的宾语，且people与burn之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。故填burning。
34.factories　考查名词复数。factory意为“工厂”，是可数名词，设空处表示泛指。故填其复数形式factories。
35.him　考查代词。设空处作saw的宾语，表示“他”，应用宾格。故填him。
monly　考查词形转换。设空处作状语，修饰known，应用副词。故填commonly。
37.and　考查连词。根据语境可知，Joseph Fourier、Eunice Newton Foote、John Tyndall和Svante Arrhenius这四位科学家之间是并列关系。故填连词and。
38.growing　考查词形转换。根据语境可知，设空处作定语，修饰名词词组fossil fuel use，意为“越来越多的”。故填growing。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
阅读下列句子并思考加黑部分的用法。
1.The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria.
2.Surprised by this， Fleming performed some tests.
3.When I began to sing， he laughed and made me embarrassed.
4.Seen from a distance， the mountain looks like a lion.
5.David had some flowers sent to Mary on her birthday.
6.She sat in the chair with her eyes closed， enjoying the music.
7.As Louis Pasteur said， “Fortune favours the prepared mind.”
8.He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential， and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started.
【我的发现】
（1）句　　　和句　　　中动词-ed形式（短语）作定语。单个动词-ed形式作　　　　　定语，而动词-ed形式短语作定语时往往作　　　　定语。
（2）句　　　和句　　　中动词-ed形式短语作　　　　，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。
（3）句3、5、6和8中动词-ed形式（短语）作　　　　　　。
一、动词-ed形式作定语
1.动词-ed形式作定语时的位置
（1）前置定语：一般情况下，单个动词-ed形式作前置定语，常置于被修饰词之前。
We needed much more qualified workers.
我们需要更多合格的工人。
Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health.
污染了的空气和水对人们的健康有害。
少数单个动词的-ed形式，如left，只能作后置定语。
Among the people invited were some ladies.
被邀请的人中，有一些是女士。
The books left are for my students.
剩下的书是给我的学生们的。
（2）后置定语：动词-ed形式短语作定语时，往往作后置定语，常置于被修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。
The meeting，attended by a lot of people，was a success.
＝The meeting，which was attended by a lot of people， was a success.
这次会议有很多人出席，开得很成功。
2.动词-ed形式作定语时的意义
及物动词的-ed形式作定语，通常既表示已经完成，又可以表示被动的意义；不及物动词的-ed形式作定语，常表示已经发生的动作。
The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.（表示被动和完成）
会上提出的计划将很快被执行。
Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week.（表示已经发生）
上周，我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。
3.动词-ed形式与动词-ing形式作定语时的区别
（1）语态上不同：动词-ing形式表示主动意义，动词-ed形式多表示被动意义。
The young man playing the piano on stage is from Shanghai Conservatory of Music.
在台上弹钢琴的那个年轻人来自上海音乐学院。
The question raised at the meeting yesterday was of great importance.
昨天会议上提出的那个问题很重要。
（2）时间关系上不同：动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作，而动词-ed形式表示已经完成的动作。
On the other hand， I hope to broaden my horizons in this developed country.
另一方面，我希望在这个发达国家拓宽我的视野。
As is known to us， China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
4.动词-ed形式（done）、动词-ing形式的被动语态（being done）与动词不定式的被动语态（to be done）作定语时的区别
　　　意义 形式　　　 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 正在进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
The building built last year is our teaching building.
去年建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our teaching building.
现在正在建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our teaching building.
下个月将要建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空/句型转换
　①The problems 　　　　　　（discuss） yesterday had nothing to do with him.
②We often see an old man sweeping the 　　　　　　（fall） leaves when we pass the building.
③The cars 　　　　　　　　（sell） at the market now are made in Beijing.
④Tsinghua University， 　　　　　　（found） in 1911， is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
⑤The oldest castle which was built by the Norman rulers in Windsor locates nearby.
→The oldest castle 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　locates nearby.（动词-ed形式短语作定语）
二、动词-ed形式作状语
动词-ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致，动词-ed形式所表示的动作与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。动词-ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等，有时可与连词一起使用。
1.动词-ed形式作状语时的语法意义
动词-ed形式作状语表示被动或完成，其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
Written in a hurry， this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
2.动词-ed形式作状语时的句法功能
（1）动词-ed形式作时间状语，通常放在句首，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。
Asked about his address （＝When he was asked about his address）， the boy didn’t respond.
问及他的地址时，小男孩没有回答。
（2）动词-ed形式作原因状语，一般置于句首，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。
Annoyed at the decision（＝As he was annoyed at the decision）， he refused to attend the meeting.
由于对这个决定生气，他拒绝参加会议。
（3）动词-ed形式作条件状语，通常放在句首，在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。
Heated to a high temperature （＝If it is heated to a high temperature）， water will change into vapor.
如果加热到高温，水就能变成蒸气。
（4）动词-ed形式作让步状语，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末，在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。
Though having been warned of the storm （＝Though they had been warned of the storm），the farmers were still working in the fields.
尽管被警告过有暴风雨，农民们仍然在田地里劳作。
（5）动词-ed形式作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；动词-ed形式作伴随状语时，通常放在句末。作方式状语或伴随状语时可转换为并列结构。
Followed by a group of students， the teacher entered the classroom.
＝The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students.
老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。
3.动词-ed形式作状语时的省略
动词-ed形式（短语）作状语时，前面有时可以加上when、 if、 while、 though、 even if、 until、 unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句（省略部分多为“主语＋be的多种形式”）。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或为it。
Even if invited （＝Even if I’m invited）， I won’t take part in the party.
即使受到邀请，我也不会参加那个聚会。
4.动词-ed形式与动词-ing形式作状语的区别
动词-ed形式与主句的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；动词-ing形式与主句的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。无论是动词-ing形式还是动词-ed形式，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。
If caught， the police will punish the thief.（×）
If caught， the thief will be punished by the police.（√）
If the thief is caught， the police will punish him/her.（√）
【即时演练2】　用动词-ed形式改写句子
①When he is faced with difficulties， he always keeps calm.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， he always keeps calm.
②Because they were deeply moved by the movie， the children began to cry.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， the children began to cry.
③Tonya was surrounded by the cold sea water， and she shouted crazily for help.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， Tonya shouted crazily for help.
④She sat by the window， and she was lost in thought.
→She sat by the window， 　　　　　　.
三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
作宾语补足语的多是及物动词的-ed形式，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。
1.动词-ed形式用在表示状态的keep、 leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
He got up late and hurried to his office， leaving the breakfast untouched.
他起床晚了，没吃早饭就匆忙去办公室了。
2.动词-ed形式用在使役动词have、 get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
（1）“have/get＋宾语＋动词-ed形式”可以表示两种含义，“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱尔让她的行李进行了安检。
While they were on holiday，they had their car broken into.
他们在度假时，他们的汽车被撬开了。
（2）在“make＋宾语＋动词-ed形式”这种结构中，动词-ed形式表示结果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们用很简单的英语来使他们自己被理解。
3.在感官动词see、 hear、 notice、 observe、 watch、 feel、 find等后，可用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语，强调被动的状态。
When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家里过假期。
The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed.
第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了。
4.表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like、 want、 wish、 expect、 order等可用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语。
The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
5.动词-ed形式用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一复合结构中，动词-ed形式与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备摆放即将做好的饭菜。
John received an invitation to dinner， and with his work finished， he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作做完了，他欣然接受了邀请。
【即时演练3】　完成句子
①In the picture， she 　　　　　　　　　on her lap.
照片中，她双手交叉放在膝上。
②The next morning， the old man 　　　　　　　　　　　　with an old coat.
第二天早上，老人发现自己身上盖着一件旧外套。
③I have never 　　　　　　　　　　　　ill of others.
我从未听到过他说别人的坏话。
④He was trying to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他试图让别人明白他的意思。
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　， Jim went out to play football with other boys.
做完作业后，吉姆和其他男孩出去踢足球了。
surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关
【教材原句】　He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead.
他发现模具旁边的细菌都死了。
【用法】
（1）surround ...with ... 用……包围/环绕…… be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围/环绕 （2）surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的 surroundings n. 环境（常用复数）
【佳句】　To some， happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.
对一些人来说，幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身边。
In a word， you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the new surroundings soon.总之，欢迎你来我们学校并希望你能很快适应新环境。
【点津】　surroundings常用复数形式，表示周围具体的物质环境。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The original builders surrounded the city 　　　　　　a wall.
②The policemen decided to search the 　　　　　　（surround） area.
③Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful 　　　　　　（surround）.
【写美】　一句多译
④这个湖被绿树环抱，非常漂亮。
→Green trees 　　　　　　　　　　　　， and it is very beautiful.（并列结构）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the lake is very beautiful.（动词-ed形式短语作状语）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， it is very beautiful.（with复合结构）
favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒
【教材原句】　As Louis Pasteur said， “Fortune favours the prepared mind.”
正如路·巴斯德所说：“幸运垂青于有准备的人。”
【用法】
（1）in favour of　 　支持，赞同；有利于 in one’s favour 对某人有利 （2）do sb a favour＝do a favour for sb 给某人以恩惠；帮助某人 ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙 owe sb a favour 欠某人一个人情 （3）favourable adj. 赞同的；有利的；良好的 favourite adj.& n.特别喜爱（欢）的（东西）
【佳句】　Opportunities and success tend to be in favor of those who are ready.
机遇和成功往往会青睐那些有准备的人。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I’ll ask Steve to take it.He owes me 　　　　　　favour.
②They decided to postpone the trip until the conditions were more 　　　　　　（favor）.
③The exchange rate is 　　　　　　our favour at the moment.
④Most people are in favour 　　　　　　bringing down the housing prices.
【写美】　完成句子
⑤The situation both at home and abroad 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
国内外的形势都对我们有利。
charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管
【教材原句】　When a thunderstorm approached， the lightning would charge the key.
当雷雨来临时，闪电就会给钥匙充电。
【用法】
（1）charge sb for sth　　 　因某事向某人收费 charge sb with （doing） sth＝accuse sb of （doing） sth 控告某人（做）某事 （2）take charge of 掌管/负责…… in charge of 控制/管理……（主语通常是人） in the charge of＝in sb’s charge 受……的管理；由……负责（主语通常是物） （3）free of charge＝for free 免费
【佳句】　I’m Li Hua， a student who is in charge of the English program “Talk and Talk” of the school radio station.
我是李华，是负责学校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的一名学生。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He was charged with 　　　　　　（steal） a car last week.
②We won’t charge customers 　　　　　　on-site parking and provide high-speed Wi-Fi.
③Officially he is 　　　　　　charge， but in fact his secretary does all the work.
【写美】　同义句转换
④The house has been in the charge of Mr Bell for more than a year.
→Mr Bell has been 　　　　　　　　the house for more than a year.
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）1　7　前置　后置　（2）2　4　状语　（3）宾语补足语
即时演练1
①discussed　②fallen　③being sold　④founded
⑤built by the Norman rulers in Windsor
即时演练2
①Faced with difficulties　②Deeply moved by the movie　③Surrounded by the cold sea water　④lost in thought
即时演练3
①kept her hands folded　②found himself covered
③heard him spoken　④make himself understood
⑤With his homework finished
【核心知识·巧突破】
1.①with　②surrounding　③surroundings　④surround the lake； Surrounded by green trees； With green trees surrounding the lake
2.①a　②favorable　③in　④of　⑤is in our favour
3.①stealing　②for　③in　④in charge of
7 / 7(共100张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Grammar and usage
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
核心知识·巧突破
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法 · 要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
动词-ed形式作定语、
状语和宾语补足语
阅读下列句子并思考加蓝部分的用法。
1. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed
the bacteria.
2. Surprised by this， Fleming performed some tests.
3. When I began to sing， he laughed and made me embarrassed.
4. Seen from a distance， the mountain looks like a lion.
5. David had some flowers sent to Mary on her birthday.
6. She sat in the chair with her eyes closed， enjoying the music.
7. As Louis Pasteur said， “Fortune favours the prepared mind.”
8. He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential， and
his hard work and determination helped get its mass production
started.
【我的发现】
（1）句 和句 中动词-ed形式（短语）作定语。单个动词-ed
形式作 定语，而动词-ed形式短语作定语时往往作
定语。
（2）句 和句 中动词-ed形式短语作 ，在意义上相
当于一个状语从句。
（3）句3、5、6和8中动词-ed形式（短语）作 。
1　
7　
前置　
后
置　
2　
4　
状语　
宾语补足语　
一、动词-ed形式作定语
1. 动词-ed形式作定语时的位置
（1）前置定语：一般情况下，单个动词-ed形式作前置定语，常置
于被修饰词之前。
We needed much more qualified workers.
我们需要更多合格的工人。
Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health.
污染了的空气和水对人们的健康有害。
名师点津
少数单个动词的-ed形式，如left，只能作后置定语。
Among the people invited were some ladies.
被邀请的人中，有一些是女士。
The books left are for my students.
剩下的书是给我的学生们的。
（2）后置定语：动词-ed形式短语作定语时，往往作后置定语，常置
于被修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。
The meeting，attended by a lot of people，was a success.
＝The meeting，which was attended by a lot of people， was a
success.
这次会议有很多人出席，开得很成功。
2. 动词-ed形式作定语时的意义
及物动词的-ed形式作定语，通常既表示已经完成，又可以表示
被动的意义；不及物动词的-ed形式作定语，常表示已经发生的
动作。
The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.（表示
被动和完成）
会上提出的计划将很快被执行。
Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week.（表
示已经发生）
上周，我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。
3. 动词-ed形式与动词-ing形式作定语时的区别
（1）语态上不同：动词-ing形式表示主动意义，动词-ed形式多表
示被动意义。
The young man playing the piano on stage is from Shanghai
Conservatory of Music.
在台上弹钢琴的那个年轻人来自上海音乐学院。
The question raised at the meeting yesterday was of great
importance.
昨天会议上提出的那个问题很重要。
（2）时间关系上不同：动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作，而动
词-ed形式表示已经完成的动作。
On the other hand， I hope to broaden my horizons in this
developed country.
另一方面，我希望在这个发达国家拓宽我的视野。
As is known to us， China is a developing country.
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
4. 动词-ed形式（done）、动词-ing形式的被动语态（being done）与
动词不定式的被动语态（to be done）作定语时的区别
　　　意义 形式　　　 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 正在进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
The building being built now is our teaching building.
现在正在建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our teaching building.
下个月将要建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
The building built last year is our teaching building.
去年建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空/句型转换
①The problems （discuss） yesterday had nothing to do
with him.
②We often see an old man sweeping the （fall） leaves when
we pass the building.
③The cars （sell） at the market now are made in
Beijing.
④Tsinghua University， （found） in 1911， is home to a
great number of outstanding figures.
discussed　
fallen　
being sold　
founded　
⑤The oldest castle which was built by the Norman rulers in Windsor
locates nearby.
→The oldest castle locates
nearby.（动词-ed形式短语作定语）
built by the Norman rulers in Windsor　
二、动词-ed形式作状语
动词-ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致，动词-ed形式所表
示的动作与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。动词-ed形式作状语可以表
示时间、原因、条件等，有时可与连词一起使用。
1. 动词-ed形式作状语时的语法意义
动词-ed形式作状语表示被动或完成，其逻辑主语为主句的主语，
且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
Written in a hurry， this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
2. 动词-ed形式作状语时的句法功能
（1）动词-ed形式作时间状语，通常放在句首，在句中相当于一个
时间状语从句。
Asked about his address （＝When he was asked about his
address）， the boy didn’t respond.
问及他的地址时，小男孩没有回答。
（2）动词-ed形式作原因状语，一般置于句首，在句中相当于一个
原因状语从句。
Annoyed at the decision（＝As he was annoyed at the
decision）， he refused to attend the meeting.
由于对这个决定生气，他拒绝参加会议。
（3）动词-ed形式作条件状语，通常放在句首，在句中相当于一个
条件状语从句。
Heated to a high temperature （＝If it is heated to a high
temperature）， water will change into vapor.
如果加热到高温，水就能变成蒸气。
（4）动词-ed形式作让步状语，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末，
在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。
Though having been warned of the storm （＝Though they had
been warned of the storm），the farmers were still working in
the fields.
尽管被警告过有暴风雨，农民们仍然在田地里劳作。
（5）动词-ed形式作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句
首；动词-ed形式作伴随状语时，通常放在句末。作方式状语
或伴随状语时可转换为并列结构。
Followed by a group of students， the teacher entered the
classroom.
＝The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a
group of students.
老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。
3. 动词-ed形式作状语时的省略
动词-ed形式（短语）作状语时，前面有时可以加上when、 if、
while、 though、 even if、 until、 unless等连词，这种结构可以看
作是一种省略的状语从句（省略部分多为“主语＋be的多种形
式”）。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或为
it。
Even if invited （＝Even if I’m invited）， I won’t take part in the
party.
即使受到邀请，我也不会参加那个聚会。
4. 动词-ed形式与动词-ing形式作状语的区别
动词-ed形式与主句的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被
动；动词-ing形式与主句的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表
示主动。无论是动词-ing形式还是动词-ed形式，其逻辑主语必须和
句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构
等其他表达形式。
If caught， the police will punish the thief.（ ）
If caught， the thief will be punished by the police.（ ）
If the thief is caught， the police will punish him/her.（ ）
×
√
√
【即时演练2】　用动词-ed形式改写句子
①When he is faced with difficulties， he always keeps calm.
→ ， he always keeps calm.
②Because they were deeply moved by the movie， the children began to
cry.
→ ， the children began to cry.
Faced with difficulties　
Deeply moved by the movie　
③Tonya was surrounded by the cold sea water， and she shouted crazily
for help.
→ ， Tonya shouted crazily for
help.
④She sat by the window， and she was lost in thought.
→She sat by the window， .
Surrounded by the cold sea water　
lost in thought　
三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
作宾语补足语的多是及物动词的-ed形式，说明宾语的状态或性质，与
宾语一起构成复合宾语，前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。
1. 动词-ed形式用在表示状态的keep、 leave等词的后面作宾语补
足语。
He got up late and hurried to his office， leaving the breakfast
untouched.
他起床晚了，没吃早饭就匆忙去办公室了。
2. 动词-ed形式用在使役动词have、 get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
（1）“have/get＋宾语＋动词-ed形式”可以表示两种含义，“让
别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.在
飞机起飞前一个小时克莱尔让她的行李进行了安检。
While they were on holiday，they had their car broken into.
他们在度假时，他们的汽车被撬开了。
（2）在“make＋宾语＋动词-ed形式”这种结构中，动词-ed形式
表示结果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very
simple English.
他们用很简单的英语来使他们自己被理解。
3. 在感官动词see、 hear、 notice、 observe、 watch、 feel、 find等
后，可用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语，强调被动的状态。
When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to
spend the holiday at home.当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们
决定在家里过假期。
The next morning people found the world outside their houses
completely changed.
第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了。
4. 表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like、 want、 wish、 expect、
order等可用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语。
The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
5. 动词-ed形式用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一复合结构中，
动词-ed形式与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for
a meal to be cooked.
客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备摆放即将做好的饭菜。
John received an invitation to dinner， and with his work finished，
he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作做完了，他欣然接受了邀请。
【即时演练3】　完成句子
①In the picture， she on her lap.
照片中，她双手交叉放在膝上。
②The next morning， the old man with an old
coat.
第二天早上，老人发现自己身上盖着一件旧外套。
③I have never ill of others.
我从未听到过他说别人的坏话。
kept her hands folded　
found himself covered　
heard him spoken
④He was trying to .
他试图让别人明白他的意思。
⑤ ， Jim went out to play football with
other boys.
做完作业后，吉姆和其他男孩出去踢足球了。
With his homework finished　
make himself understood　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
2
surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关
【教材原句】　He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould
were dead.
他发现模具旁边的细菌都死了。
【用法】
（1）surround ...with ... 用……包围/环绕……
be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围/环绕
（2）surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的
surroundings n. 环境（常用复数）
【佳句】　To some， happiness is being surrounded by family and
friends.对一些人来说，幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身边。
In a word， you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the
new surroundings soon.
总之，欢迎你来我们学校并希望你能很快适应新环境。
【点津】　surroundings常用复数形式，表示周围具体的物质环境。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The original builders surrounded the city a wall.
②The policemen decided to search the （surround）
area.
③Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and
beautiful （surround）.
with　
surrounding　
surroundings　
【写美】　一句多译
④这个湖被绿树环抱，非常漂亮。
→Green trees ， and it is very beautiful.
（并列结构）
→ ， the lake is very beautiful.（动词-ed
形式短语作状语）
→ ， it is very beautiful.（with
复合结构）
surround the lake　
Surrounded by green trees　
With green trees surrounding the lake　
favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒
【教材原句】　As Louis Pasteur said， “Fortune favours the prepared
mind.”
正如路·巴斯德所说：“幸运垂青于有准备的人。”
【用法】
（1）in favour of　 　　支持，赞同；有利于
in one’s favour 对某人有利
（2）do sb a favour＝do a favour for sb 给某人以恩惠；帮助某人
ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙
owe sb a favour 欠某人一个人情
（3）favourable adj. 赞同的；有利的；良好的
favourite adj.& n. 特别喜爱（欢）的（东西）
【佳句】　Opportunities and success tend to be in favor of those who are
ready.
机遇和成功往往会青睐那些有准备的人。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I’ll ask Steve to take it.He owes me favour.
②They decided to postpone the trip until the conditions were
more （favor）.
③The exchange rate is our favour at the moment.
④Most people are in favour bringing down the housing prices.
a　
favorable　
in　
of　
【写美】　完成句子
⑤The situation both at home and abroad .
国内外的形势都对我们有利。
is in our favour　
charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充
满 n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管
【教材原句】　When a thunderstorm approached， the lightning would
charge the key.
当雷雨来临时，闪电就会给钥匙充电。
【用法】
（1）charge sb for sth　　因某事向某人收费
charge sb with （doing） sth＝accuse sb of （doing） sth
控告某人（做）某事
（2）take charge of 掌管/负责……
in charge of 控制/管理……（主语通常是人）
in the charge of＝in sb’s charge
受……的管理；由……负责（主语通常是物）
（3）free of charge＝for free 免费
【佳句】　I’m Li Hua， a student who is in charge of the English
program “Talk and Talk” of the school radio station.我是李华，是负责
学校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的一名学生。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He was charged with （steal） a car last week.
②We won’t charge customers on-site parking and provide high-
speed Wi-Fi.
③Officially he is charge， but in fact his secretary does all the
work.
stealing　
for　
in　
【写美】　同义句转换
④The house has been in the charge of Mr Bell for more than a year.
→Mr Bell has been the house for more than a year.
in charge of　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空。
1. Ordinary soap， （use） correctly， can deal with bacteria
effectively.
2. The meeting （hold） last night was about safety.
3. When （take） according to the directions，the drug has no
side effect.
used　
held　
taken　
4. Don’t leave that man over there （wait） outside and
show him in now.
5. （base） on what we have discussed， how do you feel
about this job？
6. The （surprise） look showed that she hadn’t known
the experiment.
7. John Snow told the story about the （astonish） people
in Broad Street.
waiting　
Based　
surprised　
astonished　
8. Jim has retired， but he still remembers the happy time
（spend） with his students.
9. （raise） in the poorest area of Glasgow， he had a long
and hard road to becoming a composer.
10. We went to the cinema with the friendly household，
（fill） with excitement.
spent　
Raised　
filled　
维度二：语法与写作
完成句子。
1. She was happy to at her elder
sister’s home.
她很高兴看到母亲在她姐姐家里受到很好的照顾。
2. ， she attended the opening ceremony.
穿着一条漂亮的裙子，她参加了开幕式。
3. I usually to my office when I am busy.
当我忙的时候，我通常叫快餐送到我的办公室。
see her mother taken good care of　
Dressed in a beautiful skirt　
have fast food delivered　
4. ， Mary is more determined to
achieve her goal.
与其他学生相比，玛丽更有决心实现自己的目标。
5. The Internet keeps us and also provides
entertainment in the house.
互联网使我们在家就能随时了解最新的新闻，而且也为我们提
供娱乐。
6. Addicted to computer games， he left
.
沉迷于电脑游戏，他很多作业没有做完。
Compared with other students　
informed of the latest news　
much homework
unfinished　
维度三：语法与语篇
用动词-ed形式完成下面短文。
　　1. （出生在一个山村）， Tom was
interested in something involving agriculture.When he was young， he
often helped his father with the crops 2.
（在大雨中损坏的）. When he grew up， he was admitted into a famous
university， where he majored in agriculture.After graduation， he joined
a team 3. （由一位老专家设立的） with enough
professional knowledge.When4. （面临
Born in a mountain village　
damaged in the heavy rain　
set up by an old expert　
faced with a natural disaster　
自然灾害）， some farmers were often helpless.Tom and his team often
helped them to 5. （提高他们的信
心）.They also showed them how to save the damaged crops and how to
6. （使产量翻一番）.Most of the local
farmers thought highly of the team.7. （被
这些农民称赞）， Tom worked harder than before.In his opinion， it
was his duty to help the farmers out when they got into trouble.
have their confidence improved　
have the production doubled　
Praised by these farmers　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　New York City public schools will ban students and teachers from
using ChatGPT， a powerful new AI chatbot tool， on the district’s
networks and devices， an official confirmed to CNN on Thursday.
　　The move comes while educators raise concerns that students could
use the tool， which generates frighteningly effective responses and even
essays in response to user prompts （提示）， to do homework for
them.Some also worry that ChatGPT could be used to spread inaccurate
（不准确的） information.
　　“Due to concerns about negative impacts on student learning， and
concerns regarding the safety and accuracy of content， access to
ChatGPT is restricted on New York City public schools’ networks and
devices，” said Jenna Lyle， a spokesperson for New York City’s
Department of Education.“While the tool may be able to provide quick
and easy answers to questions， it does not build critical-thinking and
problem-solving skills， which are essential for academic and lifelong
success.”
　　ChatGPT is able to provide lengthy， thoughtful and detailed
responses to questions and prompts， ranging from factual questions like
“Who was the president of the United States in 1955？” to more open-
ended questions such as “What’s the meaning of life？”
　　ChatGPT became popular just days after its launch.But many
educators fear students will use the tool to cheat.One user， for
example， fed ChatGPT an AP English exam question； it responded with
a 5-paragraph essay about Wuthering Heights.Another user asked the
chatbot to write an essay about the life of William Shakespeare four
times； he received a unique version with the same prompt each time.
　　Darren Hicks， assistant professor of philosophy at Furman
University， said it will be harder to prove when a student misuses
ChatGPT than with other forms of cheating.“In more traditional forms of
plagiarism — stealing or copying another’s work — I can go and find
proof，” he said.“In this case， there’s nothing out there that I can
point to and say， ‘Here’s the material they took.’”
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。纽约市公立学校将禁止学生和教
师使用ChatGPT， 因为教育工作者担心这一人工智能聊天机器人工
具会助长学生作弊和不准确信息的传播。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。纽约市公立学校将禁止学生和教
师使用ChatGPT， 因为教育工作者担心这一人工智能聊天机器人工
具会助长学生作弊和不准确信息的传播。
1. What do educators fear about ChatGPT？（　　）
A. It will lead to students cheating.
B. It will reveal students’ information.
C. It will offer unhealthy content to students.
D. It will result in longer screen time for students.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段内容及第五段第二句可知，教
育工作者担心学生会使用ChatGPT来为他们做家庭作业，即会导致
学生作弊。
2. What does the underlined word “restricted” in Paragraph 3 most
probably mean？（　　）
A. Limited. B. Required.
C. Permitted. D. Recommended.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的上半句Due to
concerns about negative impacts on student learning， and concerns
regarding the safety and accuracy of content并结合第一段内容可知，
出于这些担心，纽约市公立学校限制在其网络和设备上访问
ChatGPT。画线词restricted与limited意思相近。
3. What do we know about ChatGPT？（　　）
A. It cannot answer open-ended questions.
B. It helps teachers set and correct homework.
C. It makes no mistakes when answering questions.
D. It can offer different essays with the same prompt.
解析：　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句Another user
asked the chatbot to write an essay about the life of William
Shakespeare four times； he received a unique version with the same
prompt each time.可知，用户给了ChatGPT四次同样的提示让写有
关莎士比亚的文章，每次都能得到不同的版本。
4. What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A. ChatGPT Has Negative Effects on Student Learning
B. ChatGPT Makes Plagiarism More Difficult to Find
C. ChatGPT Surprises People with Its High Intelligence
D. ChatGPT Is Prohibited in New York City Public Schools
解析：　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了纽约市公
立学校出于防止学生作弊和传播不准确消息的目的将禁止学生和教
师使用ChatGPT。因此，D项最适合作本文标题。
B
　　（2024·江苏徐州高一期末）Yellow flower carpeted fields are a
sure sign of summer.In Denmark alone， more than 200，000 hectares of
rapeseed （油菜籽） are planted every year.But until now， the plant has
only been used for oil and animal feed， as it is both bitter and unsafe as a
direct food source for humans.
　　To protect themselves， the rapeseed plants produce a group of
substances （物质） called glucosinolates （硫苷）， which give the
plants a strong and bitter taste that scares off insects and disease.As a
result， rapeseed is unhealthy to eat and the rapeseed cake， which is the
remains of the seeds after the oil has been squeezed out， has only been
used in limited quantities as feed for pigs and chickens， despite its 30－
40 per cent protein content.
　　Now， researchers from the University of Copenhagen have
discovered the three proteins that help to store the bitter substances in
seeds of thale cress （阿拉伯芥）， a plant closely related to the
rapeseed.The new discovery makes it possible to prevent the accumulation
（积聚） of these substances in the seed by removing the proteins through
“transport engineering” technology.In doing so， the defensive
substances remain in all other parts of the plant， allowing it to continue to
defend itself.
　　So far， the researchers have shown that their method works in thale
cress.“The next task is to apply our method to the closely related
rapeseed plant， which we are now working on，” says Professor
Halkier， leader of the research.
　　“Half of plant proteins in the EU come from rapeseed plants.The
climate crisis demands that we reduce meat consumption and eat more
plants， which is where rapeseed has great potential as a new source of
plant protein.Our latest research results bring us a step closer to making
full use of rapeseed，” says Professor Halkier.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，通过移除三种蛋白质，
油菜籽有可能变得可以被人类食用，并有成为植物蛋白新来源的巨
大潜力。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，通过移除三种蛋白质，
油菜籽有可能变得可以被人类食用，并有成为植物蛋白新来源的巨
大潜力。
5. What is the function of Paragraph 2？（　　）
A. To state the reason. B. To offer the solution.
C. To give an example. D. To introduce the topic.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段内容可知，
油菜籽植物会产生一组带有苦味的防御性物质，这使得食用油菜籽
不适合作为人类的一种直接食物来源，而油菜籽榨油后的菜籽饼，
也只被少量用作猪和鸡的饲料。由此推断，第二段的作用是陈述食
用油菜籽苦和不安全的原因。
6. According to the research， how did scientists rid thale cress of its
bitter taste？（　　）
A. By selecting better seeds.
B. By removing the three proteins.
C. By increasing sweet tastes.
D. By storing defensive substances.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，哥本哈根大学的研
究人员已经发现了三种蛋白质，它们有助于在阿拉伯芥的种子中储
存苦味物质，这种新发现使得通过“运输工程”技术去除这三种蛋
白质来防止那些苦味物质在种子中的积累成为可能。即科学家们是
通过移除阿拉伯芥中的三种蛋白质来去除苦味的。
7. What do Halkier’s words in last paragraph focus on？（　　）
A. Researchers’ efforts to better the taste.
B. Researchers’ progress in their experiment.
C. Rapeseed’s role in relieving climate crisis.
D. Rapeseed’s potential as a new protein source.
解析：　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，欧盟一半的植物
蛋白来自油菜籽植物，而气候危机要求减少肉类消费，多吃植物，
这就是油菜籽作为植物蛋白新来源的巨大潜力所在。即Halkier的话
集中在油菜籽作为一种新的蛋白质来源的潜力上。
8. Which of the following is a suitable title for this text？（　　）
A. Harmful Proteins Discovered in Rapeseed
B. Rapeseed Widely Used as Oil and Animal Food
C. Researchers Closer to Making Rapeseed Safe Food
D. New Plant Proteins in Rapeseed Finally Uncovered
解析：　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段内容和
最后一段中的Our latest research results bring us a step closer to
making full use of rapeseed可知，研究人员对阿伯拉芥（一种
与油菜籽密切相关的植物）的研究表明，通过移除三种蛋白
质，油菜籽有可能变得可以被人类食用，并有成为植物蛋白新
来源的巨大潜力。因此，C项（研究人员更接近于使油菜籽成
为安全食品）适合作为本文的标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　All TED talks are interesting.The presenters present creative ideas that， in turn， cause us to think further on the issue or topic.One talk that particularly stuck in my mind was How Simple Ideas Lead to Scientific Discoveries by Adam Savage.Known for hosting the show MythBusters on the Discovery Channel， Savage put forward the idea that a scientist who discovers amazing things is no different than any other person.9.（　　） But do not get confused， these scientists are not all philosophers who sit in a room and question everything.They simply witness something during their lifetime and wonder why or how it occurred.
　　10. （　　）He began his discussion with an appealing tale of a
little boy called Richard Feynman who wondered how inertia （惯性）
worked， and later told the audience how that one experience led him to
win a Nobel Prize in Physics.11.（　　） He also integrated （融入）
his points with stories.These tales， not only were great examples， but
also maintained the captivation （吸引力） of the audience.
　　I believe it is key to have passion in what you are discussing.12.
（　　） But if you effectively show your ideas and why you have an
interest， the audience is more likely to also develop an interest.Savage
did an amazing job of this during his speech.
　　13. （　　） I like to learn new things， but science is not my
favourite subject.After watching Savage’s talk， I wanted to learn more
about the history of science.
A. I believe that should be all presenters’ goal.
B. He was a lifelong maker of things and curious person.
C. As a liberal arts major， I have little interest in science.
D. The audience may not share your passion in the beginning.
E. The majority of the discoveries that have been made were the results of
wonder.
F. Savage then continued to make his points about how most scientific
discoveries were found.
G. One of the strongest techniques that Savage used throughout his speech
was storytelling.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。Adam Savage的一场TED演讲引发了
作者对科学的兴趣。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。Adam Savage的一场TED演讲引发了
作者对科学的兴趣。
9. E　上文指出Savage在他的演讲中提到做出惊人发现的科学家与其
他人没有什么不同；下文指出这些科学家并不是异想天开、质疑一
切，而是对他们看到的事物一探究竟。E项[（科学家的）大多数发现
都源于好奇]中的wonder与下文中的wonder是原词复现关系。
10. G　本段介绍Savage如何进行他的演讲。G项（Savage在演讲中使
用的最厉害的技巧之一是讲故事）中的storytelling呼应下文中的He
began his discussion with an appealing tale of a little boy和He also
integrated （融入） his points with stories。
11. F　上文指出Savage在演讲中以一个小男孩的故事开始他的论述，
之后指出这个男孩最终获得诺贝尔物理学奖。由此可知，本空与上文
内容之间应是顺承关系，具体介绍Savage是如何进行他的演讲。F项
（Savage接着继续阐述他关于大多数科学发现是如何被发现的观点）
中的his points与下文中的his points是原词复现关系。
12. D　本段介绍如何让观众对你的演讲感兴趣。由此可知，本空与
观众对你的演讲所持有的态度有关。D项中的passion与上文中的
passion是原词复现关系，且该项中的not share your passion in the
beginning呼应下文中的more likely to also develop an interest。
13. C　根据空后一句中的science is not my favourite subject可知，作者
对科学不太感兴趣。故C项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Dad Joel Wagener is using his newly-founded ice cream business to
give back to his community and create a career path for his children.
　　Wagener started 　14　 an ice cream truck in April 2021.He bought
the used vehicle in January， and soon， a（n） 　15　 was born.Two
of his children 　16　 on the truck.Son Josh and daughter Mary Kate
were both born with Down syndrome （唐氏综合征）， and Wagener
quickly 　17　 that the truck offered a 　18　 to them as they neared the
end of the school system.
　　“At every stage， with special needs kids， you look towards the
future and what’s their 　19　 going to be like in the next phase，”
Wagener explained.“It also becomes more of a（n） 　20　 for us as
parents to say ‘What can we do to help them add some 　21　 to
society？’ That’s very important to us.”
　　Now， Mary Kate and Josh are having a great time 　22　 with their
dad to sell what they call the best ice cream in America.Wagener said that
working alongside his children on the truck has been “the
greatest 　23　”.
　　Since the start of April， the family has sold more than 10，000
delicious treats in the Cincinnati area.Wagener is 　24　 to expand the
business and help even more children with special needs while 　25　 his
mission to help his children.
　　“As a parent， you have 　26　，” Wagener said.“I don’t
know whether they will be totally 　27　.But we hope to 　28　 them in
that direction.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。爸爸带着两个患有唐氏综合征的孩
子在卡车上卖冰激凌，为他们开创一条就业道路。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。爸爸带着两个患有唐氏综合征的孩
子在卡车上卖冰激凌，为他们开创一条就业道路。
14. A. operating B. driving
C. repairing D. testing
解析：　根据上段中的Dad Joel Wagener is using his newly-
founded ice cream business可知，Wagener在2021年4月开始在
卡车上售卖冰激凌。他在1月买了这辆旧卡车， 不久他的生意
就开张了。
15. A. star B. tradition
C. idea D. business
解析：　参见上题解析。
16. A. spoke up B. cleaned up
C. helped out D. checked out
解析：　根据上段中的create a career path for his children可知，
Wagener用卡车售卖冰激凌，意在为他的孩子们开创一条就业道
路。由此可推断，他的两个孩子在卡车上帮忙。这两个孩子都天
生患有唐氏综合征，Wagener很快意识到这辆卡车能为他们解决未
来的就业问题。
17. A. admitted B. realized
C. decided D. explained
解析：　参见上题解析。
18. A. future B. treatment
C. deal D. trip
解析：　参见16题解析。
19. A. society B. family
C. life D. action
解析：　根据本空前的At every stage， with special needs kids，
you look towards the future可知，在照顾有特殊需求的孩子的每个
阶段，你都要往前看，想想下一阶段他们的生活会是什么样子。
20. A. achievement B. encouragement
C. opportunity D. responsibility
解析：　根据本段中的as parents、What can we do to help them
add some 　21　 to society？和倒数第二段中的his mission to help
his children可知，Wagener认为作为父母，他们也有更大的责任关
注这两个孩子的未来，思考“我们能做些什么来帮助他们为社会
贡献一些价值？”
21. A. luck B. value C. fun D. power
解析：　参见上题解析。
22. A. competing B. playing
C. working D. sharing
解析：　根据下文的working alongside his children on the
truck可知，Mary Kate和Josh很高兴与爸爸一起在卡车上工
作，卖冰激凌。
23. A. joy B. risk C. need D. example
解析：　根据本段中的Mary Kate and Josh are having a great
time 　22　 with their dad可知，Wagener和孩子们彼此都喜欢对方
的陪伴，Wagener说和孩子们一起工作是最大的快乐。
24. A. happening B. hoping
C. waiting D. hesitating
解析：　根据本段第一句可知，Wagener开业后卖了一万多个冰
激凌，他期望扩大生意，在继续帮助自己的孩子的同时也帮助更
多有特殊需求的孩子。
25. A. changing B. planning
C. supporting D. continuing
解析：　参见上题解析。
26. A. desires B. fears
C. successes D. challenges
解析：　根据本段最后一句But we hope to 　28　 them in that
direction.可知，Wagener说，作为父母，我们是有愿望的。
27. A. reasonable B. normal
C. independent D. correct
解析：　根据第一段中的create a career path for his children可
知，Wagener帮助孩子们开创一条就业道路，他不知道他们是否能
够完全独立，但是他希望推动他们朝这个方向发展。
28. A. control B. move
C. return D. protect
解析：　参见上题解析。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　In 1938， a British engineer and amateur meteorologist （业余的气
象学家） made a discovery 29. 　　　　　　 set off a public discussion
on climate change.
　　Scientists had known for many years that carbon dioxide could trap
（吸收） heat and warm 30. 　　　　　　 planet.But Guy Callendar
was the first 31. 　　　　　　 （connect） human activities to global
warming.
　　He showed that land temperatures 32. 　　　　　　 （increase）
over the previous half-century， and he theorized that people were raising
Earth’s temperature by 33. 　　　　　　 （burn） fossil fuels in
fireplaces， 34. 　　　　　　 （factory） and even his beloved
motorcycles.
　　When Callendar published his findings， many scientists saw
35. 　　　　　　 （he） as an outsider.But he was right.His theory
became 36. 　　　　　　 （common） known as “the Callendar
Effect”.Today， it’s known as global warming.
　　A theoretical basis for climate change had been developed over the
114 years leading up to Callendar’s research.Scientists including Joseph
Fourier， Eunice Newton Foote， John Tyndall 37. 　　　　　　 Svante
Arrhenius had developed an understanding of how water vapor （水蒸
气） in the air trapped heat， noted that carbon dioxide also trapped large
amounts of heat and thought about how 38. 　　　　　　 （grow）
fossil fuel use could raise the Earth’s temperature and change the
climate.However， these scientists spoke only of future
possibilities.Callendar showed global warming was already happening.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。1938年，英国工程师盖伊·卡伦德
首次提出“全球变暖”的观点，并将人类活动与全球变暖联系起
来。
29. that/which　考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先
行词discovery，且在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
30. the　考查冠词。the planet特指“地球”。
31. to connect　考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语修饰the first。the
first to do sth第一个做某事的人。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。1938年，英国工程师盖伊·卡伦德
首次提出“全球变暖”的观点，并将人类活动与全球变暖联系起来。
32. had increased　考查动词的时态。根据语境和时间状语over the
previous half-century可知，increase所表示的动作发生在“过去的过
去”，应用过去完成时。故填had increased。
33. burning　考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词by的宾语，且people与
burn之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。故填burning。
34. factories　考查名词复数。factory意为“工厂”，是可数名词，设
空处表示泛指。故填其复数形式factories。
35. him　考查代词。设空处作saw的宾语，表示“他”，应用宾格。
故填him。
monly　考查词形转换。设空处作状语，修饰known，应用副
词。故填commonly。
37. and　考查连词。根据语境可知，Joseph Fourier、Eunice Newton
Foote、John Tyndall和Svante Arrhenius这四位科学家之间是并列关
系。故填连词and。
38. growing　考查词形转换。根据语境可知，设空处作定语，修饰名
词词组fossil fuel use，意为“越来越多的”。故填growing。
谢谢观看！

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