Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Section Ⅲ Integrated skills课件(共48张)+学案(含答案)+练习(含答案)

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Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Section Ⅲ Integrated skills课件(共48张)+学案(含答案)+练习(含答案)

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Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
Ⅰ.阅读理解
  Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland.He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, and then left.His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the ice cool below.When he came back to check the results,he found it worked.Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice.He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time.No coal plants (火电厂) were shut down, no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed or fired.Just the sort of fix we’re looking for.
  “Thank you, but no thank you,” says Ralph King, a climate scientist.He told Grey Childs, an author and commentator, that people think technology can save the planet, but there are other things we need to deal with, like consumption.They burned $ 50,000 just for the helicopter to bring the plastic to the glacier.This experiment, quote-unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior.It can’t.Technology won’t give us a free ride.
  Individuals respond to climate change differently.Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that some day soon we won’t be climate victims (受害者) — we will be climate choosers.More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives, the engineers will get smarter, the tools will get better, and one day we will control the climate.But that then? “Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back,” Grey writes.“Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will,” he says.
  Me? I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, I’m happy not to be in charge.
1.Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first paragraph?(  )
A.To introduce a possible solution to climate change.
B.To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.
C.To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.
D.To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming.
2.Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with?(  )
A.The experiment against climate change will not succeed.
B.Technology is not the final solution, let alone its high cost.
C.It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.
D.Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.
3.Which of the following words has the similar meaning to the underlined word in Paragraph 3?(  )
A.Relief. B.Click.
C.Shake. D.Description.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?(  )
A.But Should We Fix the Climate? B.Is Climate Change a Real Problem?
C.How Can We Take Care of the Earth? D.What If All the Glaciers Disappeared?
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
  Microbes exist everywhere — in soil, air, water and also in the human body and the bodies of plants and other animals! They also exist in places where no other life forms exist.So far, we have learnt that these microorganisms cause diseases in humans, plants and animals.5.(  ) Let’s learn about them in more detail.
  In household products
  You may have seen people add a small amount of curd (凝乳) to fresh milk.In time, this milk at a suitable temperature then turns into curd! How does this happen? This is due to the action of lactic acid bacteria.6.(  ) For example, Swiss cheese develops large holes due to the large amount of CO2 produced by Propionibacterium shermanii.
  In industrial products
  7.(  ) Since products are made on a large scale in industries, microorganisms are also grown in large amounts in large tanks.These products include drinks, chemicals, medicines, and bioactive molecules that can be used to weaken the immune system during organ transplant procedures.
  In biogas production
  Microbial activity produces a mixture of gases, mostly methane (甲烷), a primary part of natural gas.8.(  ) Anaerobic (厌氧的) bacteria generate large amounts of methane along with CO2 and H2.Cattle dung (粪) is rich in these bacteria, so it is commonly used to generate biogas.
  As biocontrol agents (媒介)
  Using pesticides not only kills harmful pests but also gets rid of beneficial life forms.Therefore, farmers are now using biological methods to control pests and plant diseases.This use of biological methods is called “biocontrol”.Baculoviruses are excellent biocontrol agents.9.(  )
A.This is called biogas and is used as fuel.
B.Another product made using microorganisms is cheese.
C.They keep a check on disease-causing microbes in our gut.
D.However, they can also be useful to mankind in several ways.
E.Industries also use microbes to make products of value to humans.
F.The reason is they attack pests without negatively impacting plants and beneficial insects.
G.Through genetic engineering, scientists have made these plants resistant to attack by pests.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
  假定你是李华,英语课上,老师要求就应用人工智能(artificial intelligence)的利弊进行讨论,请你代表小组写一篇发言稿,说明讨论的结果。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
Ⅰ.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家Jason Box企图控制气候变化的极端例子及科学家对其不同的观点,并阐述了作者自己的想法,即反对人类控制气候,要让地球自我修复。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段前三句和第二段的This experiment, quote-unquote ...Technology won’t give us a free ride.可知,为保护冰川,Jason Box尝试用白色塑料覆盖它们,但是直升机运送这些塑料却消耗了5万美元。这个例子引出下文对人类干预气候的可行性的探讨。作者提到Jason Box的实验,是为了描述一种具有误导性的试图解决气候问题的尝试。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段最后四句可知,Ralph King认为在环保问题上,技术并不是最终的解决方案,更不用说其高昂的成本。
3.C 词义猜测题。根据第三段末句中Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will可知,Grey认为人为控制气候变化是有问题的。由此推测,上句应表示“仅仅提及控制气候的想法,就会使我感觉不寒而栗”,shiver意为“发抖,战栗”。
4.A 标题归纳题。根据最后一段并结合上文人们企图控制气候变化的极端例子及科学家们的观点可知,作者更喜欢地球自己照料自己,即反对人类利用科技手段控制气候。故A项适合作本文的标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微生物为人类做出贡献的几个领域。
5.D 设空处前一句说明了微生物会给人类、植物和动物带来疾病。设空处后一句承接上文,引出下文,下面几段主要说明了微生物给人类带来的益处。由此判断,设空处需要有一个表示转折意义的衔接,D项恰当地起到了这一作用。
6.B 上文介绍了鲜牛奶是如何变成凝乳的,下文则以瑞士奶酪为例进行说明。由此推知,设空处应起到引出下文的作用。B项中的cheese与下文中的cheese构成原词复现。
7.E 设空处位于段首,应为概括性较强的主旨句。根据小标题和本段内容可知,本段内容与工业产品有关。E项中的Industries和products分别与小标题中的industrial和products以及下文中的industries和products构成原词复现。
8.A 设空处前一句指出微生物活动会产生气体混合物,主要成分是甲烷。A项紧承上文,作出进一步说明,其中的This指代上文中的a mixture of gases;biogas与小标题中的biogas构成原词复现;fuel与设空处前一句中的natural gas相呼应。
9.F 上文首先解释了生物防治的概念,之后指出杆状病毒(baculoviruses)是优秀的生物防治媒介。F项与设空处前一句构成因果关系,其中的they指代上文中的Baculoviruses;F项中的attack pests与上文中的kills harmful pests、control pests相呼应。
Ⅲ.
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
  Hi, everybody! Our group discussed the use of AI and finally agreed that its advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
  On the one hand, it goes without saying that AI has brought much convenience and has been doing us a great favour in jobs requiring accuracy and calculation.Plus, AI has such fantastic speed in collecting data.On the other hand, AI is becoming too smart nowadays, concerns arising.Some of us think that AI will be a threat to humans one day.However, AI can be our best assistant as long as we develop it in the right way.
  That’s our opinion.Thank you.
2 / 2Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
设计一份校园科学节的活动方案
  本单元的写作任务是设计一份校园科学节的活动方案。活动方案应用场合非常广泛,其性质类似于制订计划书。活动方案一般由标题和正文组成。
1.标题
活动方案的标题要简洁明了,新颖醒目,能够引起读者的兴趣,吸引其注意力,而且这个标题要反映设计方案的主题。
2.正文
活动方案的正文通常包括主题和活动事项两部分内容,也可以根据活动方案内容灵活安排。一般来说,可以在活动方案的最前面写一些鼓励性较强的词句来吸引读者,这些词句通常会使用排比、反问、设问等修辞手法,接着按照时间顺序列出活动的主要内容,其中也可以增设小标题。
  要写好活动方案,还需要注意以下三点:
1.明确活动方案的类型
明确你要写的活动方案是有关活动宣传,还是有关项目介绍的等,类型确定后再确定写作内容。
2.掌握活动方案的语言特点
活动方案不同于其他类型的书面表达形式,它要求用最简短的文字包含最多的信息,以达到醒目的效果。因此活动方案多用正式的、礼貌的及类似的语言结构。学生应注意活动方案言简意赅的语言特点。
3.突出重要信息,说明活动的具体内容
为进一步增强活动方案的醒目性,还常需分行突出一些重要信息,并且在其前用粗点、星号等特殊符号标注出来,以表示强调。活动内容应包括时间、地点、参加人员、注意事项等内容。
一、写作常用词汇
1.exhibition n.      展览
2.invention n. 发明
3.robot n. 机器人
4.virtual adj. 虚拟的
5.experience vt. 体验
6.the Science Festival 科学节
7.the Science and Technology Exhibition
科技展
8.perform their functions 示范它们的功能
9.the science building 科研大楼
10.artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能
11.think creatively 创造性地思考
12.participate in 参加
13.carry out scientific experiments
开展科学实验
二、写作常用句式(注意加黑部分的表达)
1.介绍活动举办的时间和地点
The Science and Technology Exhibition will be held in the science building by our school next week.
科技展将于下周由我校在科研大楼举行。
Next Saturday from 2:00 p.m.to 4:00 p.m., we will carry out group activities in the city Science and Technology Museum.
下周六下午2:00到4:00,我们将在市科技馆开展小组活动。
2.介绍活动内容
The exhibition, including several themes like AI and VR, features a new collection of science books and videos.
这次展览包括人工智能和虚拟现实等几个主题,以一些新收集的科学书籍和视频为特色。
Visitors can not only enjoy a variety of inventions, such as robot models, 3D printers, etc., but they can also experience the 9D Virtual Reality chair.
参观者不仅可以欣赏各种发明,如机器人模型、3D打印机等,还可以体验9D虚拟现实椅。
We will have many activities, such as enjoying all kinds of gadgets and sharing their invention experience.
我们将会有很多活动,比如欣赏各种小装置,并分享他们的发明经验。
3.表达活动将给人留下深刻印象
I firmly believe that the activity is very significant/important.
我坚信这项活动非常重要。
The event was of great significance, which impressed everyone most.
这次活动非常有意义,它给大家留下了深刻印象。
Through this activity, I began to be interested in scientific and technological exploration.
通过这次活动,我开始对科技探索产生了兴趣。
  假定你是李华,你们学校下周六要举行科技节。请你写一个设计方案,内容包括:
  1.科技节的主题:怎样保护环境;
  2.在学校大厅举行,届时有著名科学家出席;
  3.会展示很多有趣的实验,参加者会从中获益良多。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Plan for the School Science Festival
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                      
第一步:审题谋篇,合理布局
第二步:遣词造句,规范得体
◎核心词汇
1.发生,举行             
2.保护环境        
3.另外        
4.打算做……        
5.做实验        
6.对……感兴趣        
7.在……末尾        
8.从……学到……        
◎遣词造句
1.科技节的主题是“怎样保护环境”,下周六在我们学校大厅举行。
                                            
2.将会有一些著名科学家出席科技节,他们会介绍关于保护环境的知识。
                                            
3.每个班都有机会做实验,学生们会从中学到很多。
                                            
                      
4.在科技节结束时公布一等奖名单。
                                            
5.科技节将激励更多的学生对科学感兴趣并努力学习。
                                            
                      
第三步:词句升级,彰显文采
1.用非限制性定语从句改写句1
                                            
                      
2.用非限制性定语从句改写句2
                                            
                      
3.用非限制性定语从句改写句3
                                            
                      
第四步:检查誊写,连句成篇
Plan for the School Science Festival
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
【即时演练】
  假定你是李华,你校上周五举办了主题为“人人都是科学家”的展览,该展览展示了学生们的科学发明。请你为校报“英语天地”栏目写一份新闻稿,内容包括:
  1.活动目的;
  2.活动内容;
  3.活动意义。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
Exhibition Themed “Everyone Is
a Scientist” Successfully Held
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
【典例体验·提素能】
第二步
核心词汇
1.take place 2.protect the environment 3.in addition
4.be intended to do ... 5.conduct an experiment 6.be/get interested in 7.at the end of 8.learn ...from ...
遣词造句
1.The Science Festival will take place in our school hall next Saturday and its theme is “How to Protect the Environment”.
2.There will be some famous scientists attending the festival and they will introduce some knowledge about protecting the environment.
3.Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment and the students will learn a lot from it.
4.At the end of the festival,the first prize will be announced.
5.The Science Festival will inspire more students to get interested in science and work hard at it.
第三步
1.The Science Festival,whose theme is “How to Protect the Environment”, will take place in our school hall next Saturday.
2.There will be some famous scientists attending the festival, who will introduce some knowledge about protecting the environment.
3.Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment, from which the students will learn a lot.
第四步
Plan for the School Science Festival
  The Science Festival, whose theme is “How to Protect the Environment”, will take place in our school hall next Saturday.
  There will be some famous scientists attending the festival, who will introduce some knowledge about protecting the environment.In addition,they will show some interesting experiments.Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment, from which the students will learn a lot.At the end of the festival, the first prize will be announced.
  The Science Festival will inspire more students to get interested in science and work hard at it.
即时演练
Exhibition Themed “Everyone Is
a Scientist” Successfully Held
  In order to develop students’ interest in science and technology, an exhibition themed “Everyone Is a Scientist” was successfully held at the school hall last Friday.
  At 9 a.m., the exhibition started with a speech delivered by our headmaster.About a hundred inventions created by students were on display, some of which could be operated according to the instructions attached to them.
  All the students thought it very meaningful to hold the exhibition as it has greatly inspired students’ creativity.
4 / 4(共48张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
设计一份校园科学节的活动方案
1
写作指导·增底蕴
目 录
2
典例体验 · 提素能
3
课时检测·提能力
写作指导·增底蕴
储备写作素材
1
  本单元的写作任务是设计一份校园科学节的活动方案。活动方案
应用场合非常广泛,其性质类似于制订计划书。活动方案一般由标题
和正文组成。
1. 标题
活动方案的标题要简洁明了,新颖醒目,能够引起读者的兴趣,吸
引其注意力,而且这个标题要反映设计方案的主题。
2. 正文
活动方案的正文通常包括主题和活动事项两部分内容,也可以根据
活动方案内容灵活安排。一般来说,可以在活动方案的最前面写一
些鼓励性较强的词句来吸引读者,这些词句通常会使用排比、反
问、设问等修辞手法,接着按照时间顺序列出活动的主要内容,其
中也可以增设小标题。
要写好活动方案,还需要注意以下三点:
1. 明确活动方案的类型
明确你要写的活动方案是有关活动宣传,还是有关项目介绍的等,
类型确定后再确定写作内容。
2. 掌握活动方案的语言特点
活动方案不同于其他类型的书面表达形式,它要求用最简短的
文字包含最多的信息,以达到醒目的效果。因此活动方案多用
正式的、礼貌的及类似的语言结构。学生应注意活动方案言简
意赅的语言特点。
3. 突出重要信息,说明活动的具体内容
为进一步增强活动方案的醒目性,还常需分行突出一些重要信息,
并且在其前用粗点、星号等特殊符号标注出来,以表示强调。活动
内容应包括时间、地点、参加人员、注意事项等内容。
一、写作常用词汇
1. exhibition n. 展览
2. invention n. 发明
3. robot n. 机器人
4. virtual adj. 虚拟的
5. experience vt. 体验
6. the Science Festival 科学节
7. the Science and Technology Exhibition 科技展
8. perform their functions 示范它们的功能
9. the science building 科研大楼
10. artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能
11. think creatively 创造性地思考
12. participate in 参加
13. carry out scientific experiments 开展科学实验
二、写作常用句式(注意加蓝部分的表达)
1. 介绍活动举办的时间和地点
The Science and Technology Exhibition will be held in the science
building by our school next week.
科技展将于下周由我校在科研大楼举行。
Next Saturday from 2:00 p.m.to 4:00 p.m., we will carry out
group activities in the city Science and Technology Museum.
下周六下午2:00到4:00,我们将在市科技馆开展小组活动。
2. 介绍活动内容
The exhibition, including several themes like AI and VR, features
a new collection of science books and videos.
这次展览包括人工智能和虚拟现实等几个主题,以一些新收集的科
学书籍和视频为特色。
Visitors can not only enjoy a variety of inventions, such as robot
models, 3D printers, etc., but they can also experience the 9D
Virtual Reality chair.
参观者不仅可以欣赏各种发明,如机器人模型、3D打印机等,还
可以体验9D虚拟现实椅。
We will have many activities, such as enjoying all kinds of gadgets
and sharing their invention experience.
我们将会有很多活动,比如欣赏各种小装置,并分享他们的发
明经验。
3. 表达活动将给人留下深刻印象
I firmly believe that the activity is very significant/important.
我坚信这项活动非常重要。
The event was of great significance, which impressed everyone
most.
这次活动非常有意义,它给大家留下了深刻印象。
Through this activity, I began to be interested in scientific and
technological exploration.
通过这次活动,我开始对科技探索产生了兴趣。
典例体验 · 提素能
点拨写作技法
2
  假定你是李华,你们学校下周六要举行科技节。请你写一个设计
方案,内容包括:
  1. 科技节的主题:怎样保护环境;
  2. 在学校大厅举行,届时有著名科学家出席;
  3. 会展示很多有趣的实验,参加者会从中获益良多。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Plan for the School Science Festival
                         
                          
                        
                         
                        
                         
第一步:审题谋篇,合理布局
第二步:遣词造句,规范得体
◎核心词汇
1. 发生,举行
2. 保护环境
3. 另外
4. 打算做……
5. 做实验
6. 对……感兴趣
7. 在……末尾
8. 从……学到……
take place 
protect the environment 
in addition 
be intended to do ... 
conduct an experiment 
be/get interested in 
at the end of 
learn ...from ... 
◎遣词造句
1. 科技节的主题是“怎样保护环境”,下周六在我们学校大厅举行。


2. 将会有一些著名科学家出席科技节,他们会介绍关于保护环境
的知识。


The Science Festival will take place in our school hall next Saturday
and its theme is “How to Protect the Environment”.
There will be some famous scientists attending the festival and they will
introduce some knowledge about protecting the environment.
3. 每个班都有机会做实验,学生们会从中学到很多。


4. 在科技节结束时公布一等奖名单。

5. 科技节将激励更多的学生对科学感兴趣并努力学习。


Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment and the students
will learn a lot from it.
At the end of the festival,the first prize will be announced.
The Science Festival will inspire more students to get interested in
science and work hard at it.
第三步:词句升级,彰显文采
1. 用非限制性定语从句改写句1


2. 用非限制性定语从句改写句2


The Science Festival,whose theme is “How to Protect the
Environment”, will take place in our school hall next Saturday.
There will be some famous scientists attending the festival, who will
introduce some knowledge about protecting the environment.
3. 用非限制性定语从句改写句3


Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment, from which the
students will learn a lot.
第四步:检查誊写,连句成篇
Plan for the School Science Festival
  

  




  

    The Science Festival, whose theme is “How to Protect the
Environment”, will take place in our school hall next Saturday. 
    There will be some famous scientists attending the festival, who
will introduce some knowledge about protecting the environment.In
addition,they will show some interesting experiments.Each class has the
chance to conduct an experiment, from which the students will learn a
lot.At the end of the festival, the first prize will be announced. 
    The Science Festival will inspire more students to get interested in
science and work hard at it. 
【即时演练】
  假定你是李华,你校上周五举办了主题为“人人都是科学家”的
展览,该展览展示了学生们的科学发明。请你为校报“英语天地”栏
目写一份新闻稿,内容包括:
  1. 活动目的;
  2. 活动内容;
  3. 活动意义。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Exhibition Themed “Everyone Is a Scientist” Successfully Held
                         
                          
                        
                         
                        
                         
参考范文:
  Exhibition Themed “Everyone Is
a Scientist” Successfully Held
  In order to develop students’ interest in science and technology, an
exhibition themed “Everyone Is a Scientist” was successfully held at the
school hall last Friday.
  At 9 a.m., the exhibition started with a speech delivered by our
headmaster.About a hundred inventions created by students were on
display, some of which could be operated according to the instructions
attached to them.
  All the students thought it very meaningful to hold the exhibition as it
has greatly inspired students’ creativity.
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
Ⅰ.阅读理解
  Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31
giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland.He and his
team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, and then left.His idea was
that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the
ice cool below.When he came back to check the results,he found it
worked.Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice.He had not only
saved two feet of glacier in a short time.No coal plants (火电厂) were
shut down, no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed or fired.Just the
sort of fix we’re looking for.
  “Thank you, but no thank you,” says Ralph King, a climate
scientist.He told Grey Childs, an author and commentator, that people
think technology can save the planet, but there are other things we need
to deal with, like consumption.They burned $ 50,000 just for the
helicopter to bring the plastic to the glacier.This experiment, quote-
unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed
without changing human behavior.It can’t.Technology won’t give us a
free ride.
  Individuals respond to climate change differently.Climatologist Kelly
Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that some day soon we won’t be
climate victims (受害者) — we will be climate choosers.More
scientists agree with her that if the human race survives, the engineers
will get smarter, the tools will get better, and one day we will control
the climate.But that then? “Just the mention of us controlling the
climate sent a small shiver down my back,” Grey writes.“Something
sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will,” he says.
  Me? I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one
day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my
desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling,
I’m happy not to be in charge.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家Jason Box企
图控制气候变化的极端例子及科学家对其不同的观点,并阐述了作
者自己的想法,即反对人类控制气候,要让地球自我修复。
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家Jason Box企
图控制气候变化的极端例子及科学家对其不同的观点,并阐述了作
者自己的想法,即反对人类控制气候,要让地球自我修复。
1. Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first
paragraph?(  )
A. To introduce a possible solution to climate change.
B. To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.
C. To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.
D. To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming.
解析: 推理判断题。根据第一段前三句和第二段的This
experiment, quote-unquote ...Technology won’t give us a free
ride.可知,为保护冰川,Jason Box尝试用白色塑料覆盖它们,但
是直升机运送这些塑料却消耗了5万美元。这个例子引出下文对人
类干预气候的可行性的探讨。作者提到Jason Box的实验,是为了
描述一种具有误导性的试图解决气候问题的尝试。
2. Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with?
(  )
A. The experiment against climate change will not succeed.
B. Technology is not the final solution, let alone its high cost.
C. It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.
D. Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.
解析: 推理判断题。根据第二段最后四句可知,Ralph King认
为在环保问题上,技术并不是最终的解决方案,更不用说其高昂的
成本。
3. Which of the following words has the similar meaning to the underlined
word in Paragraph 3?(  )
A. Relief. B. Click.
C. Shake. D. Description.
解析: 词义猜测题。根据第三段末句中Something sounded
wrong about stopping ice by our own will可知,Grey认为人为控制气
候变化是有问题的。由此推测,上句应表示“仅仅提及控制气候的
想法,就会使我感觉不寒而栗”,shiver意为“发抖,战栗”。
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?(  )
A. But Should We Fix the Climate?
B. Is Climate Change a Real Problem?
C. How Can We Take Care of the Earth?
D. What If All the Glaciers Disappeared?
解析: 标题归纳题。根据最后一段并结合上文人们企图控制气
候变化的极端例子及科学家们的观点可知,作者更喜欢地球自己照
料自己,即反对人类利用科技手段控制气候。故A项适合作本文的
标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
  Microbes exist everywhere — in soil, air, water and also in the
human body and the bodies of plants and other animals! They also exist
in places where no other life forms exist.So far, we have learnt that these
microorganisms cause diseases in humans, plants and animals.5.
(  ) Let’s learn about them in more detail.
In household products
You may have seen people add a small amount of curd (凝乳) to
fresh milk.In time, this milk at a suitable temperature then turns into
curd! How does this happen? This is due to the action of lactic acid
bacteria.6.(  ) For example, Swiss cheese develops large holes
due to the large amount of CO2 produced by Propionibacterium shermanii.
  7. (  ) Since products are made on a large scale in industries,
microorganisms are also grown in large amounts in large tanks.These
products include drinks, chemicals, medicines, and bioactive
molecules that can be used to weaken the immune system during organ
transplant procedures.
 
  In industrial products
In biogas production
Microbial activity produces a mixture of gases, mostly methane
(甲烷), a primary part of natural gas.8.(  ) Anaerobic (厌氧
的) bacteria generate large amounts of methane along with CO2 and
H2.Cattle dung (粪) is rich in these bacteria, so it is commonly used
to generate biogas.
  Using pesticides not only kills harmful pests but also gets rid of
beneficial life forms.Therefore, farmers are now using biological
methods to control pests and plant diseases.This use of biological methods
is called “biocontrol”.Baculoviruses are excellent biocontrol agents.9.
(  )
A. This is called biogas and is used as fuel.
B. Another product made using microorganisms is cheese.
C. They keep a check on disease-causing microbes in our gut.
D. However, they can also be useful to mankind in several ways.
  As biocontrol agents (媒介)
F. The reason is they attack pests without negatively impacting plants and
beneficial insects.
G. Through genetic engineering, scientists have made these plants
resistant to attack by pests.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微生物为人类做出
贡献的几个领域。
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微生物为人类做出
贡献的几个领域。
E. Industries also use microbes to make products of value to humans.
5. D 设空处前一句说明了微生物会给人类、植物和动物带来疾病。
设空处后一句承接上文,引出下文,下面几段主要说明了微生物给人
类带来的益处。由此判断,设空处需要有一个表示转折意义的衔接,
D项恰当地起到了这一作用。
6. B 上文介绍了鲜牛奶是如何变成凝乳的,下文则以瑞士奶酪为例
进行说明。由此推知,设空处应起到引出下文的作用。B项中的
cheese与下文中的cheese构成原词复现。
7. E 设空处位于段首,应为概括性较强的主旨句。根据小标题和本
段内容可知,本段内容与工业产品有关。E项中的Industries和products
分别与小标题中的industrial和products以及下文中的industries和
products构成原词复现。
8. A 设空处前一句指出微生物活动会产生气体混合物,主要成分是
甲烷。A项紧承上文,作出进一步说明,其中的This指代上文中的a
mixture of gases;biogas与小标题中的biogas构成原词复现;fuel与设
空处前一句中的natural gas相呼应。
9. F 上文首先解释了生物防治的概念,之后指出杆状病毒
(baculoviruses)是优秀的生物防治媒介。F项与设空处前一句构成因
果关系,其中的they指代上文中的Baculoviruses;F项中的attack pests
与上文中的kills harmful pests、control pests相呼应。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
  假定你是李华,英语课上,老师要求就应用人工智能(artificial
intelligence)的利弊进行讨论,请你代表小组写一篇发言稿,说明讨
论的结果。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式作答。
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
                        
                         
参考范文:
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
  Hi, everybody! Our group discussed the use of AI and finally agreed that its advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
  On the one hand, it goes without saying that AI has brought much
convenience and has been doing us a great favour in jobs requiring accuracy and calculation.Plus, AI has such fantastic speed in collecting data.On the other hand, AI is becoming too smart nowadays, concerns arising.Some of us think that AI will be a threat to humans one day.However, AI can be our best assistant as long as we develop it in the right way.
  That’s our opinion.Thank you.
谢谢观看!

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