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Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.It is much to her c　　　　　　 that Mary continued to work in spite of all the difficulties.
2.Every one has the f　　　　　　 of speech and meanwhile he/she should obey the laws.
3.I think we have a m　　　　　　 responsibility to help these people who are in trouble.
4.On the island， cars， buses and bikes are not p　　　　　　 there.
5.I’m a　　　　　　 for a part-time job at a foreign company during the summer vacation.
6.We have time and time again 　　　　　　（声明） that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons.
7.It’s the love and 　　　　　　（责任） that have driven him to get through many hardships and survive.
8.We believe the time and hard work 　　　　　　（牵涉） in completing such an important project are worthwhile.
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.He could not escape from his 　　　　　　（responsible） in the accident.
2.At the international school they have pupils of different 　　　　　　（nation）.
3.All our results are published in 　　　　　　（science） journals.
4.It was his 　　　　　　（ignore） that led to a terrible fire， which burned down the building.
5.Due to the 　　　　　　（apply） of this medical technology， some diseases can be treated at the early stage.
6.The article was reproduced by the special 　　　　　　　　（permit） of the President.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.我们将要做什么还没有决定下来。（名词性从句）
　　　　　　　　 hasn’t been decided.
2.小女孩的建议很有价值，我们最好仔细考虑一下。 （“of＋抽象名词”结构）
The little girl’s advice 　　　　　　　　　and we’d better think it over.
3.他发现要及时完成这项工作很困难。（it作形式宾语）
He found 　　　　　　　　　　　　the work in time.
4.他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。（put forward）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is worth considering.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　When the author was younger， he thought science was 1.　　　　　　 （obvious） useful.But during the war， it represented the 2.　　　　　　 （destroy） of people.“Is there some evil 3.　　　　　　 （involve） in science？” The author asked himself.
　　Science has three 4.　　　　　　 （value）.The first way in which science is 5.　　　　　　 value is familiar to us—enables us to do and make all kinds of things.Another value is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with.The third is the 6.　　　　　　 （free） of doubt，7.　　　　　　 is born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority.But scientists take 8.　　　　　　 for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.9.　　　　　　 （teach） how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed， and to ensure the freedom for all coming generations are scientists’ 10.　　　　　　 （responsible）.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　In the summer of 1885， nine-year-old Joseph Meister was very ill.He had been wounded by a sick dog that had rabies （狂犬病）， a very dangerous disease.His parents were told that there was probably only one man who could save Joseph’s life — Louis Pasteur.
　　When Pasteur was a young boy in France， he spent many hours every day with the chemist （药剂师） who lived in his small town.At that time， the chemist had to make all the medicines himself.Young Louis enjoyed watching the chemist as he worked and helped those people who came to him each day.
　　As a schoolboy， Pasteur worked slowly and carefully.At first， his teachers thought that young Louis might be a slow learner.Through elementary school， high school， and college， Pasteur worked in the same thoughtful way.Then he became a college professor and a scientist， and he continued to work very carefully.
　　Pasteur was studying about the germs （细菌） that cause rabies when Joseph Meister became ill.In fact， Pasteur believed he had a medical treatment for rabies， but he had never given it to a person before.At first， Pasteur was afraid to treat Joseph， but the poor child was dying.Pasteur gave Joseph an inoculation （预防接种） every day for ten days.Slowly， the child became better.
　　During his lifetime， Pasteur studied germs and learnt how they cause diseases in animals and people.He developed vaccinations （疫苗接种） that prevented many of these diseases.On 28 September 1895， Louis Pasteur passed away， at the age of 72.The work of this great man has been of great help to modern medicine.
1.What’s the purpose of the given story of Joseph Meister？（　　）
A.To express the author’s sadness.
B.To introduce the subject of the text.
C.To show some common diseases in 1885.
D.To warn children to stay away from dogs.
2.What do we know about young Louis according to the text？（　　）
A.He was once badly hurt by a dog.
B.He was very interested in medicine.
C.He made a living by working for a chemist.
D.He had been thought highly of by his teachers.
3.What can we learn from Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Louis Pasteur was always patient. B.Louis Pasteur was clever but proud.
C.Louis Pasteur was a slow learner. D.Louis Pasteur was a humorous professor.
4.Which would be the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Germs and Diseases B.Rabies： A Terrible Disease
C.The Earliest Chemist in France D.Louis Pasteur： A Great Scientist
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　While reviewing the literature in your research area， you may find that there aren’t too many journal articles.5.（　　） Actually the global search output increases every year by about 2.5 million new journal articles.What should you do if you fail to find relevant studies in your research area？ These tips may help you get a head-start on your literature review.
　　Explore them in depth.
　　Having a limited number of references might work to your benefit.6.（　　） In addition， with few sources in your specific research area， it’s possible that you could find limitations in the existing literature and use them to build or strengthen your own research question.
　　7.（　　）
　　You may have drawn very strict mental limits around your research question.If so， you cannot see other relevant research areas.Assuming that your research question is about studying whether plastic can be made compostable （可降解的）， you could begin with looking into more environment-friendly plastic.This will not only help with more relevant reading， but also place your specific research question in a broader way.
　　Make sure you use the right keywords.
　　One of the problems in your search for relevant sources could be unclear or unrelated keywords.Your keywords should be well defined and specifically targeted to the research papers you are looking for.This will indicate the relevance of those terms in your field.8.（　　）
　　Ask for help.
　　9.（　　） Start by approaching the librarian at your university and ask him/her if your library has ordered the journal you need.You could also ask a professor， or a senior colleague.Having gone through a similar difficulty as the one you are currently facing， they’ll surely have a few tricks up their sleeve.
A.Broaden your search area.
B.But this might not be the case.
C.Narrow down your research question.
D.Most keywords are beneficial to your review.
E.If all else fails， then don’t hesitate to turn to others.
F.It will also shine some light on whether you should be more precise.
G.You can get a short but comprehensive list of articles to explore in great detail.
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Historic tornadoes （龙卷风） swept across six states in December 2021， leaving mass destruction in their paths.The morning after the deadly 　10　 passed through， Katie Posten of New Albany， Indiana， was 　11　 to step outside and see no damage in her area.
　　As she headed to her car， she spotted a piece of 　12　 stuck to the window.Once she saw what it was， she knew it had to be a memento （纪念品） that someone would 　13　.
　　The photograph in her hand showed a woman holding a child in her lap.On the back， the 　14　 caption （文字说明） read， “Gertie Swatzell & J.D.Swatzell 1942.”
　　“Seeing the 　15　， I realized that it was likely from a 　16　 hit by a tornado，” Katie said.
　　Hoping to get the photo back to its owner， Katie 　17　 Facebook.Her post was shared widely across Facebook， and it didn’t take long for someone to 　18　 the last name written on the back of the picture.Cole Swatzell was tagged （被标记）， and he soon 　19　 to say the photo belongs to his family in Dawson Springs， Kentucky.That means the photo traveled more than 150 miles to land on Katie’s car！
　　Katie said she’s thankful the social media platform was able to 　20　 her with the Swatzell family， and she 　21　 getting the picture back to them.
　　Best of all， she’s not the only one helping 　22　！ A Facebook page was set up 　23　 to reunite （重聚） people with belongings lost during the storms， which has helped hundreds of people 　24　 their beloved items.
10.（　）A.waves　　　　　 B.storms
C.diseases D.earthquakes
11.（　）A.confused B.excited
C.shocked D.relieved
12.（　）A.paper B.wood
C.cloth D.tape
13.（　）A.buy B.find
C.miss D.prepare
14.（　）A.handwritten B.detailed
C.funny D.new
15.（　）A.praise B.answer
C.advice D.date
16.（　）A.home B.park
C.garden D.zoo
17.（　）A.joined B.downloaded
C.turned to D.benefited from
18.（　）A.click B.recognize
C.show D.remember
19.（　）A.regretted B.refused
C.continued D.commented
20.（　）A.equip B.exchange
C.connect D.comfort
21.（　）A.faces up to B.comes up with
C.looks forward to D.steps away from
22.（　）A.relatives B.enemies
C.neighbours D.strangers
23.（　）A.specifically B.secretly
C.seasonally D.suddenly
24.（　）A.repair B.recover
C.record D.research
Ⅳ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　Little Todd liked to dress up as a superhero.In school， Todd didn’t feel heroic.Even though his mother had been a teacher who loved books， reading was difficult for him.He was scolded for asking too many questions， and was told that he wasn’t a good student.
　　Todd’s mom disagreed.She told him he was gifted and had something big to offer the world.“You could do anything，” she said.He hoped she was right.Todd studied hard， graduated from school， and got a job.At work， Todd discovered that he liked helping others.But then his mother died， and he became the one who needed help to get through sad times.He missed her terribly.
　　Memories of his mom teaching neighbourhood kids how to read gave Todd an idea.He cut up an old door and hammered （捶打） the pieces together to make a tiny one-room library.He positioned books inside， put a sign on the front， and placed the little library in his yard.Now he could share his mother’s love of reading with anyone who passed by.There was just one problem ...Very few people passed by.
　　One day， during a yard sale， Todd’s neighbours noticed his creation.Todd told them about his mom.People loved his story.It reminded them of ordinary heroes they knew.
　　Soon， neighbours who had never met before were gathered around， chatting like old friends.They took books.They gave books.The little library became the center of their neighbourhood.
　　Todd felt his box of books had potential.He called up his friend Rick， who was always full of great ideas.Rick thought that they could build thousands of little boxes！ Like Andrew Carnegie， who once built 2，510 libraries！ They could take trips！ Like Lutie Stearns， who brought traveling libraries all over Wisconsin！
　　“Wait a minute！” Todd said.Andrew Carnegie was a wealthy businessman.Lutie Stearns was a trained librarian.The two of them were just ordinary guys.And they were particularly low on cash.
　　How many libraries could two ordinary guys create？ How far could ordinary people spread an idea？
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Todd and Rick agreed on one thing — they wanted to find out.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Todd and Rick decided that if people wouldn’t come and get the little libraries， they’d bring the libraries to the people.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
基础知识自测
维度一
1.credit　2.freedom　3.moral　4.permitted　5.applying　6.declared　7.responsibility　8.involved
维度二
1.responsibility　2.nationalities　3.scientific　4.ignorance
5.application　6.permission
维度三
1.What we will do　2.is of great value
3.it very difficult to finish
4.The suggestion he put forward at the meeting
维度四
1.obviously　2.destruction　3.involved　4.values　5.of　6.freedom　7.which　8.it　9.To teach　10.responsibilities
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了路易斯·巴斯德的生平和他对现代医学作出的巨大贡献。
1.B　目的意图题。根据第一段可知，约瑟夫被患狂犬病的狗咬伤后病情严重，他的父母得知只有路易斯·巴斯德能治疗这种病。下文则展开对路易斯·巴斯德的介绍。由此推断，第一段讲述约瑟夫的故事是为了引出文章主题，即向人们介绍路易斯·巴斯德以及他为现代医学作出的巨大贡献。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Young Louis enjoyed watching the chemist as he worked and helped those people who came to him each day.可知，路易斯·巴斯德小时候喜欢看药剂师工作，即他对医学很感兴趣。
3.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句As a schoolboy， Pasteur worked slowly and carefully.和最后一句中he continued to work very carefully可知，路易斯·巴斯德做事缓慢且仔细，非常有耐心。
4.D　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据文章末句The work of this great man has been of great help to modern medicine.可知，本文主要介绍了法国著名的微生物学家、科学家路易斯·巴斯德的生平以及他对现代医学作出的巨大贡献。因此，D项最适合作本文标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何搜索出与你研究领域有关的参考文献。
5.B　上文说明没有发现太多文献。B项（但事实可能并非如此）承接上文，表示对上文的否定，引出下文，说明实际上文献是很多的。
6.G　根据小标题Explore them in depth.和空前一句建议限制参考文限的数量可知，G项（你可以获得一个简短但全面的文章列表来详细地探索）承接上文，对探索文献给出更详细的建议。
7.A　下文建议扩大搜索范围，能找到相关文献。A项（扩大搜索范围）概括了本段主题：以更广泛的方式搜索研究文献。
8.F　上文说明准确的关键词可以帮助寻找相关文献。F项（它还将为你是否应该更精确提供一些启示）承接上文，继续说明关键词所起的作用。
9.E　本段小标题Ask for help.说明要寻求帮助。所填句承接小标题。E项（如果所有其他方法都失败了，那么不要犹豫，向别人求助）建议向别人求助，引出下文具体介绍怎样向别人求助。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。风暴过后，一位女士通过社交网络归还她捡到的照片。
10.B　上句中的tornadoes提示本空选storms，属于同义词复现。
11.D　根据空后的step outside and see no damage in her area可知，当Katie走出屋外，发现自己所在的区域没有受损时，她松了一口气。
12.A　根据下段中的The photograph in her hand可知，贴在车玻璃上的是一张纸。
13.C　根据空前的a memento和下文中对照片的介绍可知，Katie知道这一定是一张会令人想念的照片。
14.A　根据本句中的Gertie Swatzell & J.D.Swatzell 1942.和第五段中的the last name written on the back of the picture可知，这一文字说明是手写在那张照片后面的。read写着。
15.D　上段中的1942提示本空选date。
16.A　看到日期后，Katie意识到它是一张有纪念意义的照片；结合照片内容及其文字说明可知，它很可能来自一个被龙卷风袭击过的家庭。
17.C　根据下句中的Her post was shared widely across Facebook可知，为了把照片还给失主，Katie求助于Facebook，即在Facebook上发帖求助。
18.B　根据下句中的Cole Swatzell was tagged可知，没过多久，就有人认出了写在照片背面的姓，于是Cole Swatzell被标记了，即被联络上了。注：在Facebook中被标记后，这条标记自己的帖子就会出现在自己的个人主页。
19.D　根据空后的to say the photo belongs to his family可知，Cole Swatzell 随后（在帖子中）评论说那张照片属于他的家人。
20.C　根据空前的she’s thankful the social media platform并结合上文中Katie通过Facebook与Cole Swatzell取得联系可知，Katie表示，她很感激社交媒体平台能够让她与Swatzell一家取得联系。
21.C　根据上段首句中的Hoping to get the photo back to its owner可知，Katie期待着把照片还给他们。
22.D　根据上文内容可知，Katie通过社交媒体平台联系到Swatzell一家，因此他们一开始并不认识，是陌生人。
23.A　根据下文中的during the storms， which has helped hundreds of people 　24　 their beloved items可知，该Facebook页面是在这几场风暴过后专门设立的，以便帮人们找回在风暴中丢失的物品。specifically特意，专门地。
24.B　上半句中的reunite （重聚） people with belongings lost during the storms提示本空选recover。recover找回，寻回。
Ⅳ.
　　Todd and Rick agreed on one thing — they wanted to find out.For months they recycled， designed， hammered and painted.They learned important skills， such as how to recycle a farm building， how to pick out a piece of wood， and how to make family members believe that cutting wood and painting were fun.The team lined up their finished masterpieces and waited for the crowds.But ...crowds didn’t come.Only one person bought a little library.The freshly built libraries sat.And sat.And sat.The team’s spirits dropped lower as they waited.
　　Todd and Rick decided that if people wouldn’t come and get the little libraries， they’d bring the libraries to the people.Out they went with thirty little libraries， placing them in three surrounding cities.Just like at the yard sale， people gathered around.They borrowed and shared books.People recommended the little libraries to those around them.It was working！ A radio interview spread the word about the little free libraries.Then a national TV show introduced their idea.Over the next year， four hundred little libraries sprang up across the country.Todd and Rick’s dream of spreading the joy of reading became a reality.
5 / 6Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
The Value of Science
　　When I was younger， I thought science would make good things for everybody.It was obviously useful； it was good.But then during the war I worked on① the atomic② bomb③.This result of science was obviously very serious—it represented the destruction of people and it put our future at risk④.I had to ask myself， “Is there some evil⑤ involved⑥ in science？”
　　[1]Put another way⑦， what is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to—the thing I had loved—when I saw what terrible things it could do？ It was a question I had to answer.I thought long and hard about this question， and I will try to answer it in this talk.
　　[1]句子的主句是what is the value of the science ...；句中when引导时间状语从句，从句中含有一个what引导的宾语从句what terrible things it could do；句中I had long devoted myself to为省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词science；I had loved为省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词thing。
　　[2]The first way in which science is of value is familiar to⑧ everyone： scientific⑨ knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.[3]Of course， if we make good things， it is not only to the credit⑩ of science； it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work.Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it.Such power has obvious value—even though the power may be negated by what one does with it.
　　[2]in which science is of value为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词way；is of value相当于is valuable。
　　[3]句中if引导条件状语从句；主句中含有not only ...（but） also ...连接的并列谓语；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词choice。
　　Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with.When we look at any question deeply enough， we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again.[4]With more knowledge comes a deeper， more wonderful mystery， inspiring one to look deeper still.Never concerned that the answer may let us down ， with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.Thanks to the scientific effort， we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could.
　　[4]本句是完全倒装句，正常语序是A deeper， more wonderful mystery comes with more knowledge， inspiring one to look deeper still.。句中动词-ing形式短语inspiring one to look deeper still作状语。
　　[5]I would now like to turn to a third value that science has.The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty， and this experience is of very great importance.When a scientist doesn’t know the answer to a problem， he is ignorant.When he has an idea as to what the result is， he is uncertain.[6] And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be， he is still in some doubt.
　　[5]句中含有“a＋序数词＋名词＋that（定语从句）”结构。
　　[6]句中when引导时间状语从句，从句中what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。
　　[7]Now， we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science.In order to progress， we must not forget the importance of this struggle； we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt.Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
　　[8]It is our responsibility as scientists， knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought， to declare the value of this freedom； to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed； and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations .
　　[7]第一个it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语；第二个it作形式主语，动词不定式短语to live and not know作真正的主语。
　　[8]句首It作形式主语，真正的主语是三个并列的动词不定式短语。knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought是动词-ing形式短语作原因状语，其中that引导定语从句。
　　（Adapted from a public lecture by Richard Feynman， an American scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965）
【读文清障】
①work on 从事，致力于
②atomic adj.原子能的；原子的
③bomb n.炸弹；核武器 vt.轰炸
　the atomic bomb 原子弹
④put ...at risk 使……处于危险中
　[同义] put ...in danger
⑤evil n.罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处
　　adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的
⑥involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；（使）参加
　be/get involved in 卷入；专注于
⑦put another way 换句话说
　[同义] in other words
⑧be familiar to sb 为某人所熟悉
　be familiar with ...精通……；熟悉……
⑨scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的
　scientific knowledge 科学知识
⑩credit n.赞扬，认可；信用
　 　　vt.存入金额；把……归于
　to the credit of ...归功于……
moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n.品行，道德；寓意
　morally adv.道德上地
　morality n.道德；道义；道德准则
　the moral choice 道德选择
apply vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关
　apply to ...适应……；适用于……
　apply （to ...） for ...　（向……）申请……
　application n.应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，敷用
　applicant n.申请人
negate vt.取消，使无效；否认，否定
　negative adj.否定的；消极的；负的
　　　　　n.否定；否定词；拒绝
intellectual adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n.知识分子，脑力劳动者
　the intellectual enjoyment 智力的享受
mystery n.神秘；神秘的人（或事物）；悬疑作品
　mysterious adj.神秘的；奇怪的；诡异的
let sb down 使某人失望
unimagined strangeness 意想不到的奇妙
ignorance n.无知
　ignorant adj.无知的，愚昧的
　ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会
as to 关于，至于
　[近义] as for
take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然
　take sb/sth for granted 　对……不予重视，不把……当回事
freedom n.自由
　freedom to do sth 做某事的自由
be born out of 因为……而成立
authority n.权威，权力；官方
　the authority 当局；主管部门
leave/make room for 给……留空间
permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n.许可证
　permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
　permit doing sth 允许做某事
responsibility n.责任，负责；职责，义务
　responsible adj.负责的；尽责的
declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报
　declaration n.公告，宣告，宣言；声明
coming generations后世，后代
【参考译文】
科学的价值
　　在我还很年轻的时候，我以为科学会给每个人都带来好处。科学显然是有用的，有好的一面。但随后在战争期间，我从事了原子弹的研究。这个科学的成果又明摆着有很大危险性——它意味着人的毁灭，并使我们的未来岌岌可危。我不得不问自己：“科学里是不是有罪恶？”
　　换言之，在我发现科学可能造成的恶果之后，我一直投身其中的科学，我曾经的挚爱，价值何在？这是一个我不得不回答的问题。关于这个问题，我苦思冥想了很久，我将试着在这次演讲中给出解答。
　　科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详：科学知识让我们能够做各种各样的事，造不同种类的东西。当然，如果我们做了善事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。科学知识是一种让我们可以行善也可以作恶的力量——但是该如何运用，它并未自带说明书。这样的力量其价值显而易见，尽管，这力量会因某人用它所做的事而被否定。
　　科学的另一种价值在于它能够给予我们以智力的享受。当我们足够深入地探究某个问题时，我们会感到兴奋和神秘不断地扑面而来。随新知而来的是更深刻、更精妙的奥秘，激励我们更深入地去探究。我们从不担心答案可能会令人失望，总是快乐而自信地开始每一次新探索，发现一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的东西，随之而来的是更加奇妙的问题与奥秘。有赖于在科学上付出的努力，我们在其引领下构想出形形色色的东西，远比过去任何一位诗人和梦想家的想象更加美妙。
　　现在，我要说到科学的第三种价值。科学家经常会经历无知、疑惑和不确定，而这种经历是十分重要的。当科学家不知道某个问题的答案时，他是无知的。当他对于结果是什么有主意时，他是不确定的。当他非常确信结果将会怎样时，他仍旧有所怀疑。
　　现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。但是我们怀疑的自由，脱胎于早年间科学为对抗权威展开的深刻而强硬的斗争。为了进步，我们切不可忘记这场斗争的重要性；我们必须认识到自己的无知，并且为怀疑留出一席之地。要允许我们提问——怀疑——不确定。
　　作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声明这一自由的价值；有责任教育人们不必害怕疑惑，而要欢迎疑惑、讨论疑惑；有责任强烈要求这一自由，这就是我们对后世的义务。
　　（改编自1965年诺贝尔物理学奖得主、美国科学家理查德·费曼的公开演讲）
　
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.How did the author introduce the topic？（　　）
A.By asking a question.
B.By making a comparison.
C.By giving an example.
D.By quoting a famous saying.
2.What can we learn from the third paragraph？（　　）
A.Scientific knowledge always enables us to do good things.
B.Scientific knowledge always enables us to do bad things.
C.Scientific knowledge enables us to do good things or bad things.
D.Scientific knowledge always tells us how to apply it.
3.The fourth paragraph tells us that 　　　　.（　　）
A.science can’t provide us with much intellectual enjoyment
B.more scientific knowledge can make us look deeper
C.science can’t offer us some pleasure and confidence
D.we can’t imagine more fantastic than some poets
4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？（　　）
A.We shouldn’t doubt anything all the time.
B.We shouldn’t fear doubts.
C.Freedom of thought should be encouraged.
D.Scientists should question something bravely.
5.What can we infer from the passage？（　　）
A.Everything has two sides.
B.All is progressing.
C.Authority is science.
D.Science can change everything.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）名词后缀-ance表示性质或状态
①ignore v.忽视；对……不予理会→ignorance n.无知
②guide v.指导，指引→guidance n.指导，引导
③appear v.出现；看来，似乎→appearance n.外表，外貌
④perform v.表演；执行→performance n.表演；表现
（2）名词后缀-dom表示状态、领域或者某某集体
①free adj.自由的→freedom n.自由
②bore vt.使厌烦→boredom n.厌烦，厌倦
③king n.国王→kingdom n.王国
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
排比句往往给人以一气呵成之感，节奏感强，增强语言气势，加强表达效果，多用于说理或抒情。用排比说理，可以把论点阐述得更严密，更透彻；用排比抒情可以把情感抒发得淋漓尽致。
请从课文中找出有关排比的句子。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；（使）参加
【教材原句】　I had to ask myself， “Is there some evil involved in science？”
我不得不问自己：“科学里是不是有罪恶？”
【用法】
（1）involve sb in （doing） sth 使某人参与（做）某事；使某人牵扯到某事中 involve doing sth 包括做某事；需要做某事 （2）involved adj. 复杂的；有牵连的；有关联的 be/get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联 be/get involved with sb/sth 与某人混在一起/和某事有密切联系
【佳句】　As well as studying hard， I’ve been involved in social activities.
努力学习之余，我还参加了一些社交活动。
【点津】　形容词involved作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。
an involved sentence一个复杂的句子
the people involved所涉及的人
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Don’t involve me 　　　　　　solving your problems！
②The test will involve 　　　　　　（answer） some questions about a photo.
③All who participated have gained a positive outcome from getting 　　　　　　（involve）.
④There was a lot of work 　　　　　　（involve） in setting up the festival.
【写美】　句式升级
⑤I get involved in volunteer work， so I have learned a lot.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， I have learned a lot.（动词-ed形式短语作状语）
credit n.赞扬，认可；信用；贷款，借款 vt.存入金额；把……归于
【教材原句】　Of course， if we make good things， it is not only to the credit of science； it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work.
当然，如果我们做了善事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。
【用法】
（1）to one’s credit 　　　某人值得赞扬/钦佩 do sb/sth credit＝do credit to sb/sth 某人/某物值得赞扬 （2）on credit　　　　　　 赊账 （3）credit A with B/credit B to A 认为B是A的功劳；把B归于A
【佳句】　Your honesty does your great credit.
你的诚实值得大大表扬。
Much of the team’s success can be credited to their manager.
这个团队的成功很大程度上归功于他们的经理。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The merchant has sold goods 　　　　　　credit， but from this time he will sell only for cash.
②The company is credited 　　　　　　inventing the industrial robot.
③The teacher’s fairness to all her students does credit 　　　　　　her.
【写美】　完成句子
④　　　　　　　　　　　　， he has grown to be a responsible person.
特别值得赞扬的是，他已经成长为一个有责任心的人。
let sb down 使某人失望；辜负
【教材原句】　Never concerned that the answer may let us down， with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.
我们从不担心答案可能会令人失望，总是快乐而自信地开始每一次新探索，发现一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的东西，随之而来的是更加奇妙的问题与奥秘。
【用法】
let out 　　　　　　　 发出（叫声等） let alone 更不用说 let go 放开；松手 let out 泄露（秘密）；发生 let sb off 放过/不惩罚某人 let sb alone 不管/不干涉某人 let sth/sb in/out 让某物/某人进来/出去
【佳句】　Don’t worry， Mum.I won’t let you down.
妈妈，不要担心。我不会让你失望的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I’ll let him 　　　　　　this time but next time he’ll be punished.
②I’m counting on you to make it—don’t let me 　　　　　　.
③It remains unknown who let 　　　　　　the secret.
【写美】　完成句子
④I hardly had time to think these days， 　　　　　　　　.
这些天我几乎没时间思考，更不用说休息了。
permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n.许可证
【教材原句】　Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
要允许我们提问——怀疑——不确定。
【用法】
（1）permit sb to do sth 　　允许某人做某事 permit doing sth 允许做某事 （2）permission n.[U] 允许，许可 with/without permission 获得/未经允许 ask sb for permission 请求某人许可
【佳句】　No one is permitted to go into the building at present.
现在不允许任何人进入这座大楼。
【点津】　动词permit的常见用法有permit doing sth和permit sb to do sth。用法类似的动词还有allow、forbid、 advise、 encourage等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①If time 　　　　　　（permit）， I may go hiking with my friends.
②Passengers are permitted 　　　　　　　　　　　　（carry） only one piece of luggage onto the plane.
③The owners don’t permit 　　　　　　（park） cars in front of the shops.
【写美】　句式升级
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （把句①改为独立主格结构）
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （把句③改为被动语态）
declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报
【教材原句】　It is our responsibility as scientists， knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought， to declare the value of this freedom ...
作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声明这一自由的价值……
【用法】
declare war （on） 　　　　（向……）宣战 declare sb/sth （as/to be）＋名词/形容词 宣布某人/物为…… declare sth/that ... 宣布…… declare for/against ... 赞成/反对…… It is/was declared that ... 据宣布……
【佳句】　Hearing the drama festival declared open， all the students burst into cheers.
听到戏剧节宣布开幕，所有的学生都欢呼起来。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Angry residents have declared war 　　　　the owners of the nearby factories.
②All the citizens declared 　　　　　　garbage-sorting to better protect the environment.
③The suspect was declared 　　　　　　　　（be） guilty by the court.
【写美】　完成句子
④　　　　　　　　　　　　 he is in love with this beautiful town.
他声称他爱上了这个美丽的小城镇。
put forward 提出，提议，建议；推举；往前拨（钟表指针）；将……提前
【教材原句】　He put forward the theory of evolution by natural selection and published On the Origin of Species in 1859.他提出了自然选择进化论，并在1859年发表了《物种起源》一书。
【用法】
put up 　　　　　 张贴（布告等）；举起；搭建；留宿；提高（价钱） put off 推迟，延期 put on 穿上，戴上；上演 put out 熄灭，扑灭；伸出 put down 放下；记下；批评；镇压 put away 把……收起来，储存 put up with 忍受；容忍
【佳句】　Who put forward a theory about black holes？
谁提出了黑洞理论？
【练透】　用put的相关短语填空
①We will 　　　　　　　　the picnic until next week，when the weather may be better.
②Just as the saying goes， “Far water doesn’t 　　　　　　　　near fire.”
③A week before Earth Day， posters were 　　　　　　　　around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener Earth.
【写美】　完成句子
④My watch was slow so I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我的表慢了，所以我把它往前拨了三分钟。
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
ignorance n.无知
【教材原句】　The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty， and this experience is of very great importance.
科学家经常会经历无知、疑惑和不确定，而这种经历是十分重要的。
【用法】
（1）be in ignorance of sth不知某事，对某事不了解 out of ignorance 出于无知 （2）ignorant adj. 无知的，不了解的，愚昧的 be ignorant of/about sth　不知道某事 be ignorant that ... 不知道…… （3）ignore vt. 忽视；对……不予理会
【佳句】　He is in ignorance of his serious illness now； that is to say， he is ignorant about the danger.He shouldn’t ignore the doctor’s advice and keep staying up.
他现在不知道自己严重的病情，也就是说，他不知道那个危险。他不应忽视医生的劝告，继续熬夜。
【点津】　ignore表示“装作不知道，故意不理睬”；be ignorant表示“不知道，没意识到”。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①How much， though？ How 　　　　　　（ignore） are we？ The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.
②You should not 　　　　　　（ignorance） your mistakes if you want to make greater progress.
【写美】　一句多译
③他不知道父母为他创造一个良好学习氛围的良苦用心。
→He 　　　　　　　　　　　　his parents’ intention of creating a good study atmosphere for study.（ignorant）
→He 　　　　　　　　　　　　his parents’ intention of creating a good study atmosphere for study.（ignorance）
responsibility n.责任，负责；职责，义务
【教材原句】　It is our responsibility as scientists， knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought， to declare the value of this freedom ...
作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声明这一自由的价值……
【用法】
（1）take responsibility for sth 对某事负责 a sense of responsibility 责任感 It is one’s responsibility to do sth 做某事是某人的职责 （2）responsible adj. 负责的；有责任的 be responsible for 对……负责
【佳句】　From my point of view， it’s our responsibility to spread traditional Chinese culture to foreigners.
就我个人而言，向外国人传播中国传统文化是我们的责任。（应用文写作之传统文化）
【练透】　单句语法填空
①We are supposed to be responsible 　　　　　　　　our own behaviours and try our best to protect the environment.
②I realize that being a grown-up not only means more freedom， but also more 　　　　　　（responsible）.
【写美】　完成句子
③Firstly， doing housework is helpful for us 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
首先，做家务有助于我们成为一个负责任的人。
Part Ⅲ　重点句型解构
句型公式：way作先行词的定语从句
【教材原句】　The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone： scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详：科学知识让我们能够做各种各样的事，造不同种类的东西。
【用法】
句中in which science is of value是in which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The first way。此时，关系代词也可以用that，也可以省略关系代词。 （1）way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略，此时关系词在从句中作状语。 （2）way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that或which，作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不可省略。 （3）way表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可接动词不定式或of doing sth形式。
【品悟】　Of course， when new technology changes the way （that/in which） we live， it can be a scary prospect.当然，当新技术改变我们的生活方式时，这可能是一个可怕的前景。
【写美】　完成句子
①To be honest， we admired 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
诚实地说，我们钦佩他解决那个问题的方式。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to solve the problem was good.
你想出的这个解决问题的方法很好。
③The way 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　was unpractical.
会议上提出的方式是不切实际的。
④It was because of John’s bright idea and 　　　　　　　　　　　　that made a great difference in Bernard’s life.
正是因为约翰聪明的想法和他执行的方式使伯纳德的生活发生了巨大的变化。
句型公式：what 引导宾语从句
【教材原句】　And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be， he is still in some doubt.当他非常确信结果将会怎样时，他仍旧有所怀疑。
【用法】
句中介词of后接一个what引导的宾语从句what the result is going to be。what意为“……的东西或事情”。介词后常跟what、 which、 who、 whom、 when、 where、 how、whether等引导的宾语从句，但不能接if引导的宾语从句。 （1）动词短语中的介词后不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要接it作介词的形式宾语，再接that引导的宾语从句。 （2）what可以引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。what在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等。
【品悟】　Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on what you think of your physical appearance.媒体的审美标准会对你如何看待自己的外表产生很大影响。
【写美】　完成句子/句型升级
①My father came down and demanded to know 　　　　　　　　　　　　.我父亲（从楼上）下来要求知道正在发生什么事情。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　 is to wait for a proper chance.
我们所能做的就是等待一个合适的机会。
③We are talking about 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我们正在讨论是否准许学生加入我们的俱乐部。
④The boy is too young to know what to do in trouble.
→The boy is too young to know 　　　　　　　　　　　　in trouble. （宾语从句）
句型公式：it作形式宾语
【教材原句】　Now， we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
【用法】
句中it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语。当动词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式（短语）或从句作宾语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。此时的it无词义。常用it作形式宾语的动词有feel、 consider、 find、 believe、 make、 take、 imagine、 prove、 think、 suppose、 regard、 notice等。 （1）it作形式宾语，代替动词不定式（短语）。 （2）it作形式宾语，代替动词-ing形式（短语）。 当动词-ing形式（短语）作真正的宾语时，其宾语补足语通常是no use、 no good、 a waste、 hard work等。 （3）it作形式宾语，代替从句。 ①在一些习惯用法中，it 在hate、 like、 love、 appreciate、 enjoy、 take、have等动词后作形式宾语，代替其后的宾语从句。 ②在一些特殊结构中，用it作形式宾语。 rely on/depend on it that ...信赖/依靠…… take it for granted that ... 认为……是理所当然的
【品悟】　I think it possible to master a foreign language well with hard work.我认为通过努力学习，掌握好一门外语是可能的。
【写美】　完成句子
①I 　　　　　　　　　　　　the matter again.
我认为再讨论此事没有用处了。
②You can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　I will help you when you are in trouble.
你可以相信，当你遇到麻烦时，我会帮助你的。
③He seemed to 　　　　　　　　　he should speak as a representative.
他似乎想当然地认为他应该以代表的身份发言。
④Do you 　　　　　　　　　　　　trying again？
你认为再试一次会有好处吗？
⑤I feel 　　　　　　　　　　　　with you.
我觉得与你共事是件令人愉快的事。
⑥You’d better master some basic Chinese in advance， which 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
你最好提前掌握一些基础的汉语，这使你容易适应在北京的新生活。
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.make good things　2.at risk　3.enables　4.intellectual　5.doubt　6.value　7.welcomed　8.duty
第二步
1－5　ACBAA
第三步
2.In order to progress， we must not forget the importance of this struggle； we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt.Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①in　②answering　③involved　④involved　⑤Involved in volunteer work
2.①on　②with　③to　④Much to his credit
3.①off　②down　③out　④let alone relax
4.①permits　②to carry　③parking
④Time permitting， I may go hiking with my friends.
⑤Parking cars isn’t permitted in front of the shops.
5.①on　②for　③to be　④He declares that
6.①put off　②put out　③put up　④put it forward three minutes
Part Ⅱ
1.①ignorant　②ignore　③was ignorant of/about； was in ignorance of
2.①for　②responsibilities　③to be a responsible person
Part Ⅲ
1.①the way （in which/that） he solved the problem　②The way （that/which） you thought of　③that/which came up at the meeting　④the way he carried out
2.①what was going on　②What we can do　③whether we admit students into our club or not　④what he should do
3.①think it no use discussing　②depend/rely on it that
③take it for granted that　④consider it any good
⑤it pleasant to work
⑥makes it easy for you to adjust to the new life in Beijing
12 / 13(共126张PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
The Value of Science
　　When I was younger， I thought science would make good things for
everybody.It was obviously useful； it was good.But then during the war
I worked on① the atomic② bomb③.This result of science was obviously
very serious—it represented the destruction of people and it put our future
at risk④.I had to ask myself， “Is there some evil⑤ involved⑥ in science？”
　　[1]Put another way⑦， what is the value of the science I had long
devoted myself to—the thing I had loved—when I saw what terrible things
it could do？ It was a question I had to answer.I thought long and hard
about this question， and I will try to answer it in this talk.
　　[1]句子的主句是what is the value of the science ...；句中when
引导时间状语从句，从句中含有一个what引导的宾语从句what
terrible things it could do；句中I had long devoted myself to为省略了关
系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词science；I had loved为省
略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词thing。
【读文清障】
①work on 从事，致力于
②atomic adj.原子能的；原子的
③bomb n.炸弹；核武器 vt.轰炸
　the atomic bomb 原子弹
④put ...at risk 使……处于危险中
　[同义] put ...in danger
⑤evil n.罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处
　　adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的
⑥involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；（使）参加
　be/get involved in 卷入；专注于
⑦put another way 换句话说
　[同义] in other words
　　[2]The first way in which science is of value is familiar to⑧
everyone： scientific⑨ knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of
things.[3]Of course， if we make good things， it is not only to the
credit⑩ of science； it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led
us to good work.Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either
good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it.Such
power has obvious value—even though the power may be negated by
what one does with it.
　　[2]in which science is of value为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词way；is of value相当于is valuable。
　　[3]句中if引导条件状语从句；主句中含有not only ...（but）
also ...连接的并列谓语；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词choice。
⑧be familiar to sb 为某人所熟悉
　be familiar with ...精通……；熟悉……
⑨scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的
　scientific knowledge 科学知识
⑩credit n.赞扬，认可；信用
　 　　vt.存入金额；把……归于
　to the credit of ...归功于……
moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n.品行，道德；寓意
　morally adv.道德上地
　morality n.道德；道义；道德准则
　the moral choice 道德选择
apply vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关
　apply to ...适应……；适用于……
　apply （to ...） for ...（向……）申请……
　application n.应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，敷用
　applicant n.申请人
negate vt.取消，使无效；否认，否定
　negative adj.否定的；消极的；负的
　　　　　n.否定；否定词；拒绝
　　Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can
provide us with.When we look at any question deeply enough， we feel
the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again.[4]With more
knowledge comes a deeper， more wonderful mystery， inspiring one to
look deeper still.Never concerned that the answer may let us down ，
with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find
unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and
mysteries.Thanks to the scientific effort， we have been led to imagine all
sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever
could.
　　[4]本句是完全倒装句，正常语序是A deeper， more wonderful
mystery comes with more knowledge， inspiring one to look deeper
still.。句中动词-ing形式短语inspiring one to look deeper still作状语。
intellectual adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n.知识分子，脑力劳动者
　the intellectual enjoyment 智力的享受
mystery n.神秘；神秘的人（或事物）；悬疑作品
　mysterious adj.神秘的；奇怪的；诡异的
let sb down 使某人失望
unimagined strangeness 意想不到的奇妙
　　[5]I would now like to turn to a third value that science has.The
scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and
uncertainty， and this experience is of very great importance.When a
scientist doesn’t know the answer to a problem， he is ignorant.When he
has an idea as to what the result is， he is uncertain.[6] And when he is
pretty sure of what the result is going to be， he is still in some doubt.
　　[5]句中含有“a＋序数词＋名词＋that（定语从句）”结构。
　　[6]句中when引导时间状语从句，从句中what引导宾语从句，作
介词of的宾语。
ignorance n.无知
　ignorant adj.无知的，愚昧的
　ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会
as to 关于，至于
　[近义] as for
　　[7]Now， we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly
possible to live and not know.But our freedom to doubt was born out of
a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of
science.In order to progress， we must not forget the importance of this
struggle； we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for
doubt.Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
　　[7]第一个it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语；第二个
it作形式主语，动词不定式短语to live and not know作真正的主语。
　　
take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然
　take sb/sth for granted 　对……不予重视，不把……当回事
freedom n.自由
　freedom to do sth 做某事的自由
be born out of 因为……而成立
authority n.权威，权力；官方
　the authority 当局；主管部门
leave/make room for 给……留空间
permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n.许可证
　permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
　permit doing sth 允许做某事
　　[8]It is our responsibility as scientists， knowing the great
progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought， to declare the value of
this freedom； to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed
and discussed； and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming
generations .
　　[8]句首It作形式主语，真正的主语是三个并列的动词不定式短
语。knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought是
动词-ing形式短语作原因状语，其中that引导定语从句。
　　（Adapted from a public lecture by Richard Feynman， an American
scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965）
responsibility n.责任，负责；职责，义务
　responsible adj.负责的；尽责的
declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报
　declaration n.公告，宣告，宣言；声明
coming generations后世，后代
【参考译文】
科学的价值
　　在我还很年轻的时候，我以为科学会给每个人都带来好处。科学
显然是有用的，有好的一面。但随后在战争期间，我从事了原子弹的
研究。这个科学的成果又明摆着有很大危险性——它意味着人的毁
灭，并使我们的未来岌岌可危。我不得不问自己：“科学里是不是有
罪恶？”
　　换言之，在我发现科学可能造成的恶果之后，我一直投身其中的
科学，我曾经的挚爱，价值何在？这是一个我不得不回答的问题。关
于这个问题，我苦思冥想了很久，我将试着在这次演讲中给出解答。
　　科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详：科学知识
让我们能够做各种各样的事，造不同种类的东西。当然，如果我们做
了善事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。科学
知识是一种让我们可以行善也可以作恶的力量——但是该如何运用，
它并未自带说明书。这样的力量其价值显而易见，尽管，这力量会因
某人用它所做的事而被否定。
　　科学的另一种价值在于它能够给予我们以智力的享受。当我们足
够深入地探究某个问题时，我们会感到兴奋和神秘不断地扑面而来。
随新知而来的是更深刻、更精妙的奥秘，激励我们更深入地去探究。
我们从不担心答案可能会令人失望，总是快乐而自信地开始每一次新
探索，发现一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的东西，随之而来的是更加奇妙
的问题与奥秘。有赖于在科学上付出的努力，我们在其引领下构想出
形形色色的东西，远比过去任何一位诗人和梦想家的想象更加美妙。
　　现在，我要说到科学的第三种价值。科学家经常会经历无知、疑
惑和不确定，而这种经历是十分重要的。当科学家不知道某个问题的
答案时，他是无知的。当他对于结果是什么有主意时，他是不确定
的。当他非常确信结果将会怎样时，他仍旧有所怀疑。
　　现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有
可能的。但是我们怀疑的自由，脱胎于早年间科学为对抗权威展开的
深刻而强硬的斗争。为了进步，我们切不可忘记这场斗争的重要性；
我们必须认识到自己的无知，并且为怀疑留出一席之地。要允许我们
提问——怀疑——不确定。
　　作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们
有责任声明这一自由的价值；有责任教育人们不必害怕疑惑，而
要欢迎疑惑、讨论疑惑；有责任强烈要求这一自由，这就是我们
对后世的义务。
　　（改编自1965年诺贝尔物理学奖得主、美国科学家理查德·费曼
的公开演讲）
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. How did the author introduce the topic？（　　）
A. By asking a question.
B. By making a comparison.
C. By giving an example.
D. By quoting a famous saying.
2. What can we learn from the third paragraph？（　　）
A. Scientific knowledge always enables us to do good things.
B. Scientific knowledge always enables us to do bad things.
C. Scientific knowledge enables us to do good things or bad things.
D. Scientific knowledge always tells us how to apply it.
3. The fourth paragraph tells us that 　　　　.（　　）
A. science can’t provide us with much intellectual enjoyment
B. more scientific knowledge can make us look deeper
C. science can’t offer us some pleasure and confidence
D. we can’t imagine more fantastic than some poets
4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？
（　　）
A. We shouldn’t doubt anything all the time.
B. We shouldn’t fear doubts.
C. Freedom of thought should be encouraged.
D. Scientists should question something bravely.
5. What can we infer from the passage？（　　）
A. Everything has two sides.
B. All is progressing.
C. Authority is science.
D. Science can change everything.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）名词后缀-ance表示性质或状态
①ignore v.忽视；对……不予理会→ignorance n.无知
②guide v.指导，指引→guidance n.指导，引导
③appear v.出现；看来，似乎→appearance n.外表，外貌
④perform v.表演；执行→performance n.表演；表现
（2）名词后缀-dom表示状态、领域或者某某集体
①free adj.自由的→freedom n.自由
②bore vt.使厌烦→boredom n.厌烦，厌倦
③king n.国王→kingdom n.王国
2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
排比句往往给人以一气呵成之感，节奏感强，增强语言气势，加强
表达效果，多用于说理或抒情。用排比说理，可以把论点阐述得更
严密，更透彻；用排比抒情可以把情感抒发得淋漓尽致。
请从课文中找出有关排比的句子。



In order to progress， we must not forget the importance of this
struggle； we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for
doubt.Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；（使）参加
【教材原句】　I had to ask myself， “Is there some evil involved in
science？”
我不得不问自己：“科学里是不是有罪恶？”
【用法】
（1）involve sb in （doing） sth 使某人参与（做）某事；使某人牵
扯到某事中
involve doing sth 包括做某事；需要做某事
（2）involved adj. 复杂的；有牵连的；有关联的
be/get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联
be/get involved with sb/sth 与某人混在一起/和某事有密切联系
【佳句】　As well as studying hard， I’ve been involved in social
activities.
努力学习之余，我还参加了一些社交活动。
【点津】　形容词involved作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置
定语时，意为“涉及的”。
an involved sentence一个复杂的句子
the people involved所涉及的人
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Don’t involve me solving your problems！
②The test will involve （answer） some questions about a
photo.
③All who participated have gained a positive outcome from
getting （involve）.
④There was a lot of work （involve） in setting up the
festival.
in　
answering　
involved　
involved　
【写美】　句式升级
⑤I get involved in volunteer work， so I have learned a lot.
→ ， I have learned a lot.（动词-ed形式
短语作状语）
Involved in volunteer work　
credit n.赞扬，认可；信用；贷款，借款 vt.存入金额；把……归于
【教材原句】　Of course， if we make good things， it is not only to
the credit of science； it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led
us to good work.
当然，如果我们做了善事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善
的道德选择。
【用法】
（1）to one’s credit 　　　某人值得赞扬/钦佩
do sb/sth credit＝do credit to sb/sth 某人/某物值得赞扬
（2）on credit 赊账
（3）credit A with B/credit B to A 认为B是A的功劳；把B归于A
【佳句】　Your honesty does your great credit.
你的诚实值得大大表扬。
Much of the team’s success can be credited to their manager.
这个团队的成功很大程度上归功于他们的经理。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The merchant has sold goods credit， but from this time he will
sell only for cash.
②The company is credited inventing the industrial robot.
③The teacher’s fairness to all her students does credit her.
on　
with　
to　
【写美】　完成句子
④ ， he has grown to be a responsible person.
特别值得赞扬的是，他已经成长为一个有责任心的人。
Much to his credit　
let sb down 使某人失望；辜负
【教材原句】　Never concerned that the answer may let us down， with
pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined
strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.
我们从不担心答案可能会令人失望，总是快乐而自信地开始每一次新
探索，发现一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的东西，随之而来的是更加奇妙
的问题与奥秘。
【用法】
let out 　　　　 发出（叫声等）
let alone 更不用说
let go 放开；松手
let out 泄露（秘密）；发生
let sb off 放过/不惩罚某人
let sb alone 不管/不干涉某人
let sth/sb in/out 让某物/某人进来/出去
【佳句】　Don’t worry， Mum.I won’t let you down.
妈妈，不要担心。我不会让你失望的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I’ll let him this time but next time he’ll be punished.
②I’m counting on you to make it—don’t let me .
③It remains unknown who let the secret.
off　
down　
out　
【写美】　完成句子
④I hardly had time to think these days， .
这些天我几乎没时间思考，更不用说休息了。
let alone relax　
permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n.许可证
【教材原句】　Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
要允许我们提问——怀疑——不确定。
【用法】
（1）permit sb to do sth 　 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth 允许做某事
（2）permission n.[U] 允许，许可
with/without permission 获得/未经允许
ask sb for permission 请求某人许可
【佳句】　No one is permitted to go into the building at present.
现在不允许任何人进入这座大楼。
【点津】　动词permit的常见用法有permit doing sth和permit sb to do
sth。用法类似的动词还有allow、forbid、 advise、 encourage等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①If time （permit）， I may go hiking with my friends.
②Passengers are permitted （carry） only one piece of
luggage onto the plane.
③The owners don’t permit （park） cars in front of the
shops.
permits　
to carry　
parking　
【写美】　句式升级
④ （把句①改
为独立主格结构）
⑤ （把句③改为
被动语态）
Time permitting， I may go hiking with my friends.　
Parking cars isn’t permitted in front of the shops.　
declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报
【教材原句】　It is our responsibility as scientists， knowing the great
progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought， to declare the value of
this freedom ...
作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声
明这一自由的价值……
【用法】
declare war （on） 　 （向……）宣战
declare sb/sth （as/to be）＋名词/形容词
宣布某人/物为……
declare sth/that ... 宣布……
declare for/against ... 赞成/反对……
It is/was declared that ... 据宣布……
【佳句】　Hearing the drama festival declared open， all the students
burst into cheers.
听到戏剧节宣布开幕，所有的学生都欢呼起来。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Angry residents have declared war the owners of the nearby
factories.
②All the citizens declared garbage-sorting to better protect the
environment.
③The suspect was declared （be） guilty by the court.
【写美】　完成句子
④ he is in love with this beautiful town.
他声称他爱上了这个美丽的小城镇。
on　
for　
to be　
He declares that
put forward 提出，提议，建议；推举；往前拨（钟表指针）；
将……提前
【教材原句】　He put forward the theory of evolution by natural
selection and published On the Origin of Species in 1859.他提出了自然
选择进化论，并在1859年发表了《物种起源》一书。
【用法】
put up 　　张贴（布告等）；举起；搭建；留宿；提高（价钱）
put off 推迟，延期
put on 穿上，戴上；上演
put out 熄灭，扑灭；伸出
put down 放下；记下；批评；镇压
put away 把……收起来，储存
put up with 忍受；容忍
【佳句】
Who put forward a theory about black holes？谁提出了黑洞理论？
【练透】 用put的相关短语填空
①We will the picnic until next week，when the weather may be better.
②Just as the saying goes， “Far water doesn’t near fire.”
③A week before Earth Day， posters were around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener Earth.
put off　
put out　
put up　
【写美】　完成句子
④My watch was slow so I .
我的表慢了，所以我把它往前拨了三分钟。
put it forward three minutes　
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
ignorance n.无知
【教材原句】　The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and
doubt and uncertainty， and this experience is of very great importance.科
学家经常会经历无知、疑惑和不确定，而这种经历是十分重要的。
【用法】
（1）be in ignorance of sth不知某事，对某事不了解
out of ignorance 出于无知
（2）ignorant adj. 无知的，不了解的，愚昧的
be ignorant of/about sth　不知道某事
be ignorant that ... 不知道……
（3）ignore vt. 忽视；对……不予理会
【佳句】　He is in ignorance of his serious illness now； that is to say，
he is ignorant about the danger.He shouldn’t ignore the doctor’s
advice and keep staying up.
他现在不知道自己严重的病情，也就是说，他不知道那个危险。他不
应忽视医生的劝告，继续熬夜。
【点津】　ignore表示“装作不知道，故意不理睬”；be ignorant表示
“不知道，没意识到”。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①How much， though？ How （ignore） are we？ The
question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.
②You should not （ignorance） your mistakes if you want to
make greater progress.
ignorant　
ignore　
【写美】　一句多译
③他不知道父母为他创造一个良好学习氛围的良苦用心。
→He his parents’ intention of creating a good
study atmosphere for study.（ignorant）
→He his parents’ intention of creating a good
study atmosphere for study.（ignorance）
was ignorant of/about　
was in ignorance of　
responsibility n.责任，负责；职责，义务
【教材原句】　It is our responsibility as scientists， knowing the great
progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought， to declare the value of
this freedom ...
作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声
明这一自由的价值……
【用法】
（1）take responsibility for sth 对某事负责
a sense of responsibility 责任感
It is one’s responsibility to do sth 做某事是某人的职责
（2）responsible adj. 负责的；有责任的
be responsible for 对……负责
【佳句】　From my point of view， it’s our responsibility to spread
traditional Chinese culture to foreigners.
就我个人而言，向外国人传播中国传统文化是我们的责任。（应用文
写作之传统文化）
【练透】　单句语法填空
①We are supposed to be responsible our own behaviours and try our
best to protect the environment.
②I realize that being a grown-up not only means more freedom， but also
more （responsible）.
for
responsibilities　
【写美】　完成句子
③Firstly， doing housework is helpful for us
.
首先，做家务有助于我们成为一个负责任的人。
to be a responsible
person　
Part Ⅲ　重点句型解构
句型公式：way作先行词的定语从句
【教材原句】　The first way in which science is of value is familiar to
everyone： scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of
things.科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详：科学知
识让我们能够做各种各样的事，造不同种类的东西。
【用法】
句中in which science is of value是in which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The first way。此时，关系代词也可以用that，也可以省略关系代词。
（1）way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略，此时关系词在从句中作状语。
（2）way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that或which，作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不可省略。
（3）way表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可接动词不定式或of doing
sth形式。
【品悟】　Of course， when new technology changes the way （that/in
which） we live， it can be a scary prospect.当然，当新技术改变我们
的生活方式时，这可能是一个可怕的前景。
【写美】　完成句子
①To be honest， we admired
.
诚实地说，我们钦佩他解决那个问题的方式。
② to solve the problem was
good.
你想出的这个解决问题的方法很好。
the way （in which/that） he solved the
problem　
The way （that/which） you thought of　
③The way was unpractical.
会议上提出的方式是不切实际的。
④It was because of John’s bright idea and
that made a great difference in Bernard’s life.
正是因为约翰聪明的想法和他执行的方式使伯纳德的生活发生了巨大
的变化。
the way he carried out　
that/which came up at the meeting　
句型公式：what 引导宾语从句
【教材原句】　And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to
be， he is still in some doubt.
当他非常确信结果将会怎样时，他仍旧有所怀疑。
【用法】
句中介词of后接一个what引导的宾语从句what the result is going to
be。what意为“……的东西或事情”。介词后常跟what、 which、
who、 whom、 when、 where、 how、whether等引导的宾语从句，但
不能接if引导的宾语从句。
（1）动词短语中的介词后不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要接it
作介词的形式宾语，再接that引导的宾语从句。
（2）what可以引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
what在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等。
【品悟】　Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on
what you think of your physical appearance.媒体的审美标准会对你如
何看待自己的外表产生很大影响。
【写美】　完成句子/句型升级
①My father came down and demanded to know .
我父亲（从楼上）下来要求知道正在发生什么事情。
② is to wait for a proper chance.
我们所能做的就是等待一个合适的机会。
what was going on　
What we can do　
③We are talking about
.
我们正在讨论是否准许学生加入我们的俱乐部。
④The boy is too young to know what to do in trouble.
→The boy is too young to know in trouble. （宾
语从句）
what he should do　
whether we admit students into our club or
not　
句型公式：it作形式宾语
【教材原句】　Now， we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly
possible to live and not know.
现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有
可能的。
【用法】
句中it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语。当动词不定式
（短语）、动词-ing形式（短语）或从句作宾语时，为了保持句子结
构的平衡，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。此时的it无词
义。常用it作形式宾语的动词有feel、 consider、 find、 believe、
make、 take、 imagine、 prove、 think、 suppose、 regard、 notice
等。
（1）it作形式宾语，代替动词不定式（短语）。
（2）it作形式宾语，代替动词-ing形式（短语）。
当动词-ing形式（短语）作真正的宾语时，其宾语补足语通常是no
use、 no good、 a waste、 hard work等。
（3）it作形式宾语，代替从句。
①在一些习惯用法中，it 在hate、 like、 love、 appreciate、 enjoy、
take、have等动词后作形式宾语，代替其后的宾语从句。
②在一些特殊结构中，用it作形式宾语。
rely on/depend on it that ...信赖/依靠……
take it for granted that ...认为……是理所当然的
【品悟】　I think it possible to master a foreign language well with
hard work.
我认为通过努力学习，掌握好一门外语是可能的。
【写美】　完成句子
①I the matter again.
我认为再讨论此事没有用处了。
②You can I will help you when you are in
trouble.
你可以相信，当你遇到麻烦时，我会帮助你的。
③He seemed to he should speak as a
representative.
他似乎想当然地认为他应该以代表的身份发言。
think it no use discussing　
depend/rely on it that　
take it for granted that　
④Do you trying again？
你认为再试一次会有好处吗？
⑤I feel with you.
我觉得与你共事是件令人愉快的事。
⑥You’d better master some basic Chinese in advance， which
.
你最好提前掌握一些基础的汉语，这使你容易适应在北京的新生活。
consider it any good　
it pleasant to work　
makes
it easy for you to adjust to the new life in Beijing　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. It is much to her c that Mary continued to work in spite of all the
difficulties.
2. Every one has the f of speech and meanwhile he/she should
obey the laws.
redit　
reedom　
3. I think we have a m responsibility to help these people who are in
trouble.
4. On the island， cars， buses and bikes are not p there.
5. I’m a for a part-time job at a foreign company during the
summer vacation.
6. We have time and time again （声明） that we will never
be the first to use nuclear weapons.
7. It’s the love and （责任） that have driven him to
get through many hardships and survive.
8. We believe the time and hard work （牵涉） in
completing such an important project are worthwhile.
oral　
ermitted　
pplying　
declared　
responsibility　
involved　
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. He could not escape from his （responsible） in the
accident.
2. At the international school they have pupils of
different （nation）.
3. All our results are published in （science） journals.
4. It was his （ignore） that led to a terrible fire， which
burned down the building.
responsibility　
nationalities　
scientific　
ignorance　
5. Due to the （apply） of this medical technology，
some diseases can be treated at the early stage.
6. The article was reproduced by the special （permit）
of the President.
application　
permission　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1. 我们将要做什么还没有决定下来。（名词性从句）
hasn’t been decided.
2. 小女孩的建议很有价值，我们最好仔细考虑一下。 （“of＋抽象
名词”结构）
The little girl’s advice and we’d better think it
over.
What we will do　
is of great value　
3. 他发现要及时完成这项工作很困难。（it作形式宾语）
He found the work in time.
4. 他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。（put forward）
is worth
considering.
The suggestion he put forward at the meeting　
it very difficult to finish　
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
　　When the author was younger， he thought science was
1. （obvious） useful.But during the war， it represented
the 2. （destroy） of people.“Is there some evil
3. （involve） in science？” The author asked himself.
obviously　
destruction　
involved　
　　Science has three 4. （value）.The first way in which
science is 5. value is familiar to us—enables us to do and make all
kinds of things.Another value is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide
us with.The third is the 6. （free） of doubt，7.
is born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority.But scientists
take 8. for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not
know.9. （teach） how doubt is not to be feared but to be
welcomed and discussed， and to ensure the freedom for all coming
generations are scientists’ 10. （responsible）.
values　
of　
freedom　
which　
it　
To teach　
responsibilities　
　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　In the summer of 1885， nine-year-old Joseph Meister was very
ill.He had been wounded by a sick dog that had rabies （狂犬病）， a
very dangerous disease.His parents were told that there was probably only
one man who could save Joseph’s life — Louis Pasteur.
　　When Pasteur was a young boy in France， he spent many hours
every day with the chemist （药剂师） who lived in his small town.At
that time， the chemist had to make all the medicines himself.Young
Louis enjoyed watching the chemist as he worked and helped those people
who came to him each day.
　　As a schoolboy， Pasteur worked slowly and carefully.At first， his
teachers thought that young Louis might be a slow learner.Through
elementary school， high school， and college， Pasteur worked in the
same thoughtful way.Then he became a college professor and a scientist，
and he continued to work very carefully.
　　Pasteur was studying about the germs （细菌） that cause rabies
when Joseph Meister became ill.In fact， Pasteur believed he had a
medical treatment for rabies， but he had never given it to a person
before.At first， Pasteur was afraid to treat Joseph， but the poor child
was dying.Pasteur gave Joseph an inoculation （预防接种） every day
for ten days.Slowly， the child became better.
　　During his lifetime， Pasteur studied germs and learnt how they cause
diseases in animals and people.He developed vaccinations （疫苗接种）
that prevented many of these diseases.On 28 September 1895， Louis
Pasteur passed away， at the age of 72.The work of this great man has
been of great help to modern medicine.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了路易斯·巴斯德的
生平和他对现代医学作出的巨大贡献。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了路易斯·巴斯德的
生平和他对现代医学作出的巨大贡献。
1. What’s the purpose of the given story of Joseph Meister？（　　）
A. To express the author’s sadness.
B. To introduce the subject of the text.
C. To show some common diseases in 1885.
D. To warn children to stay away from dogs.
解析：　目的意图题。根据第一段可知，约瑟夫被患狂犬病的狗
咬伤后病情严重，他的父母得知只有路易斯·巴斯德能治疗这种
病。下文则展开对路易斯·巴斯德的介绍。由此推断，第一段讲述
约瑟夫的故事是为了引出文章主题，即向人们介绍路易斯·巴斯德
以及他为现代医学作出的巨大贡献。
2. What do we know about young Louis according to the text？（　　）
A. He was once badly hurt by a dog.
B. He was very interested in medicine.
C. He made a living by working for a chemist.
D. He had been thought highly of by his teachers.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Young Louis enjoyed
watching the chemist as he worked and helped those people who came
to him each day.可知，路易斯·巴斯德小时候喜欢看药剂师工作，
即他对医学很感兴趣。
3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3？（　　）
A. Louis Pasteur was always patient.
B. Louis Pasteur was clever but proud.
C. Louis Pasteur was a slow learner.
D. Louis Pasteur was a humorous professor.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句As a schoolboy，
Pasteur worked slowly and carefully.和最后一句中he continued to
work very carefully可知，路易斯·巴斯德做事缓慢且仔细，非常有
耐心。
4. Which would be the best title for the text？（　　）
A. Germs and Diseases
B. Rabies： A Terrible Disease
C. The Earliest Chemist in France
D. Louis Pasteur： A Great Scientist
解析：　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据文章末句The work
of this great man has been of great help to modern medicine.可
知，本文主要介绍了法国著名的微生物学家、科学家路易
斯·巴斯德的生平以及他对现代医学作出的巨大贡献。因此，
D项最适合作本文标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　While reviewing the literature in your research area， you may find
that there aren’t too many journal articles.5.（　　） Actually the
global search output increases every year by about 2.5 million new
journal articles.What should you do if you fail to find relevant studies in
your research area？ These tips may help you get a head-start on your
literature review.
Explore them in depth.
Having a limited number of references might work to your benefit.6.
（　　） In addition， with few sources in your specific research area，
it’s possible that you could find limitations in the existing literature and
use them to build or strengthen your own research question.
　　7. （　　）
　　You may have drawn very strict mental limits around your research
question.If so， you cannot see other relevant research areas.Assuming
that your research question is about studying whether plastic can be made
compostable （可降解的）， you could begin with looking into more
environment-friendly plastic.This will not only help with more relevant
reading， but also place your specific research question in a broader way.
Make sure you use the right keywords.
One of the problems in your search for relevant sources could be
unclear or unrelated keywords.Your keywords should be well defined and
specifically targeted to the research papers you are looking for.This will
indicate the relevance of those terms in your field.8.（　　）
　　Ask for help.
　　9. （　　） Start by approaching the librarian at your university and
ask him/her if your library has ordered the journal you need.You could
also ask a professor， or a senior colleague.Having gone through a similar
difficulty as the one you are currently facing， they’ll surely have a few
tricks up their sleeve.
A. Broaden your search area.
B. But this might not be the case.
C. Narrow down your research question.
D. Most keywords are beneficial to your review.
E. If all else fails， then don’t hesitate to turn to others.
F. It will also shine some light on whether you should be more precise.
G. You can get a short but comprehensive list of articles to explore in great
detail.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何搜索出与你研
究领域有关的参考文献。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何搜索出与你研
究领域有关的参考文献。
5. B　上文说明没有发现太多文献。B项（但事实可能并非如此）承
接上文，表示对上文的否定，引出下文，说明实际上文献是很多的。
6. G　根据小标题Explore them in depth.和空前一句建议限制参考文
限的数量可知，G项（你可以获得一个简短但全面的文章列表来详细
地探索）承接上文，对探索文献给出更详细的建议。
7. A　下文建议扩大搜索范围，能找到相关文献。A项（扩大搜索范
围）概括了本段主题：以更广泛的方式搜索研究文献。
8. F　上文说明准确的关键词可以帮助寻找相关文献。F项（它还将
为你是否应该更精确提供一些启示）承接上文，继续说明关键词所起
的作用。
9. E　本段小标题Ask for help.说明要寻求帮助。所填句承接小标
题。E项（如果所有其他方法都失败了，那么不要犹豫，向别人求
助）建议向别人求助，引出下文具体介绍怎样向别人求助。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Historic tornadoes （龙卷风） swept across six states in December
2021， leaving mass destruction in their paths.The morning after the
deadly 　10　 passed through， Katie Posten of New Albany， Indiana，
was 　11　 to step outside and see no damage in her area.
　　As she headed to her car， she spotted a piece of 　12　 stuck to the
window.Once she saw what it was， she knew it had to be a memento
（纪念品） that someone would 　13　.
　　The photograph in her hand showed a woman holding a child in her
lap.On the back， the 　14　 caption （文字说明） read， “Gertie
Swatzell & J. D. Swatzell 1942.”
　　“Seeing the 　15　， I realized that it was likely from a 　16　 hit
by a tornado，” Katie said.
　　Hoping to get the photo back to its owner， Katie 　17　
Facebook.Her post was shared widely across Facebook， and it didn’t
take long for someone to 　18　 the last name written on the back of the
picture.Cole Swatzell was tagged （被标记）， and he soon 　19　 to
say the photo belongs to his family in Dawson Springs， Kentucky.That
means the photo traveled more than 150 miles to land on Katie’s car！
　
　　Katie said she’s thankful the social media platform was able
to 　20　 her with the Swatzell family， and she 　21　 getting the
picture back to them.
Best of all， she’s not the only one helping 　22　！ A Facebook
page was set up 　23　 to reunite （重聚） people with belongings lost
during the storms， which has helped hundreds of people 　24　 their
beloved items.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。风暴过后，一位女士通过社交网
络归还她捡到的照片。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。风暴过后，一位女士通过社交网
络归还她捡到的照片。
10. A. waves B. storms
C. diseases D. earthquakes
解析：　上句中的tornadoes提示本空选storms，属于同义词
复现。
11. A. confused B. excited
C. shocked D. relieved
解析：　根据空后的step outside and see no damage in her area可
知，当Katie走出屋外，发现自己所在的区域没有受损时，她松了
一口气。
12. A. paper B. wood C. cloth D. tape
解析：　根据下段中的The photograph in her hand可知，贴在车
玻璃上的是一张纸。
13. A. buy B. find C. miss D. prepare
解析：　根据空前的a memento和下文中对照片的介绍可知，
Katie知道这一定是一张会令人想念的照片。
14. A. handwritten B. detailed
C. funny D. new
解析：　根据本句中的Gertie Swatzell & J. D. Swatzell 1942.和
第五段中的the last name written on the back of the picture可知，这
一文字说明是手写在那张照片后面的。read写着。
15. A. praise B. answer
C. advice D. date
解析：　上段中的1942提示本空选date。
16. A. home B. park C. garden D. zoo
解析：　看到日期后，Katie意识到它是一张有纪念意义的照
片；结合照片内容及其文字说明可知，它很可能来自一个被龙卷
风袭击过的家庭。
17. A. joined B. downloaded
C. turned to D. benefited from
解析：　根据下句中的Her post was shared widely across
Facebook可知，为了把照片还给失主，Katie求助于Facebook，即
在Facebook上发帖求助。
18. A. click B. recognize
C. show D. remember
解析：　根据下句中的Cole Swatzell was tagged可知，没过多
久，就有人认出了写在照片背面的姓，于是Cole Swatzell被标记
了，即被联络上了。注：在Facebook中被标记后，这条标记自己
的帖子就会出现在自己的个人主页。
19. A. regretted B. refused
C. continued D. commented
解析：　根据空后的to say the photo belongs to his family可知，
Cole Swatzell 随后（在帖子中）评论说那张照片属于他的家人。
20. A. equip B. exchange
C. connect D. comfort
解析：　根据空前的she’s thankful the social media platform并结
合上文中Katie通过Facebook与Cole Swatzell取得联系可知，Katie
表示，她很感激社交媒体平台能够让她与Swatzell一家取得联系。
21. A. faces up to B. comes up with
C. looks forward to D. steps away from
解析：　根据上段首句中的Hoping to get the photo back to its
owner可知，Katie期待着把照片还给他们。
22. A. relatives B. enemies
C. neighbours D. strangers
解析：　根据上文内容可知，Katie通过社交媒体平台联系到
Swatzell一家，因此他们一开始并不认识，是陌生人。
23. A. specifically B. secretly
C. seasonally D. suddenly
解析：　根据下文中的during the storms， which has helped
hundreds of people 　24　 their beloved items可知，该Facebook页
面是在这几场风暴过后专门设立的，以便帮人们找回在风暴中丢
失的物品。specifically特意，专门地。
24. A. repair B. recover
C. record D. research
解析：　上半句中的reunite （重聚） people with belongings lost
during the storms提示本空选recover。recover找回，寻回。
Ⅳ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
　　Little Todd liked to dress up as a superhero.In school， Todd didn’t
feel heroic.Even though his mother had been a teacher who loved books，
reading was difficult for him.He was scolded for asking too many
questions， and was told that he wasn’t a good student.
　　Todd’s mom disagreed.She told him he was gifted and had
something big to offer the world.“You could do anything，” she
said.He hoped she was right.Todd studied hard， graduated from
school， and got a job.At work， Todd discovered that he liked helping
others.But then his mother died， and he became the one who needed help
to get through sad times.He missed her terribly.
　　Memories of his mom teaching neighbourhood kids how to read gave
Todd an idea.He cut up an old door and hammered （捶打） the pieces
together to make a tiny one-room library.He positioned books inside， put
a sign on the front， and placed the little library in his yard.Now he could
share his mother’s love of reading with anyone who passed by.There was
just one problem ...Very few people passed by.
　　One day， during a yard sale， Todd’s neighbours noticed his
creation.Todd told them about his mom.People loved his story.It
reminded them of ordinary heroes they knew.
　　Soon， neighbours who had never met before were gathered
around， chatting like old friends.They took books.They gave books.The
little library became the center of their neighbourhood.
　　Todd felt his box of books had potential.He called up his friend
Rick， who was always full of great ideas.Rick thought that they could
build thousands of little boxes！ Like Andrew Carnegie， who once built
2，510 libraries！ They could take trips！ Like Lutie Stearns， who
brought traveling libraries all over Wisconsin！
　　“Wait a minute！” Todd said.Andrew Carnegie was a wealthy
businessman.Lutie Stearns was a trained librarian.The two of them were
just ordinary guys.And they were particularly low on cash.
　　How many libraries could two ordinary guys create？ How far could
ordinary people spread an idea？
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
　　Todd and Rick agreed on one thing — they wanted to find out.
　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　Todd and Rick decided that if people wouldn’t come and get the
little libraries， they’d bring the libraries to the people. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
参考范文：
　　Todd and Rick agreed on one thing — they wanted to find out.For
months they recycled， designed， hammered and painted.They learned
important skills， such as how to recycle a farm building， how to pick
out a piece of wood， and how to make family members believe that
cutting wood and painting were fun.The team lined up their finished
masterpieces and waited for the crowds.But ...crowds didn’t
come.Only one person bought a little library.The freshly built libraries
sat.And sat.And sat.The team’s spirits dropped lower as they waited.
Todd and Rick decided that if people wouldn’t come and get the
little libraries， they’d bring the libraries to the people.Out they went
with thirty little libraries， placing them in three surrounding cities.Just
like at the yard sale， people gathered around.They borrowed and shared
books.People recommended the little libraries to those around them.It was
working！ A radio interview spread the word about the little free
libraries.Then a national TV show introduced their idea.Over the next
year， four hundred little libraries sprang up across the country.Todd and
Rick’s dream of spreading the joy of reading became a reality.
谢谢观看！

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