资源简介

单元质量检测（一）　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分　听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What are the speakers talking about？
A.The man’s weekend activities.　　　
B.The woman’s favourite sport.　　
C.The city they live in.
2.What does the man do？
A.He’s a businessman. B.He’s a doctor. C.He’s a student.
3.When did the speakers start talking？
A.At 2：50. B.At 3：00. C.At 3：10.
4.What does the woman want to do？
A.Borrow money from the man. B.Go to the bank. C.Start up a business.
5.What is the man’s research field？
A.Education. B.Insects. C.Finance.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What kind of job did the woman take after graduation？
A.Teaching. B.Marketing. C.Volunteering.
7.What does the woman think the man should do？
A.Take his job immediately.
B.Not worry about the money.
C.Make a decision and stick to it.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.Where does the woman advise the man to apply for a job？
A.In a newspaper office. B.In a travel agency. C.In a car factory.
9.What does the man ask the woman about the job？
A.The pay. B.The experience. C.The working conditions.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.Why didn’t the man realise his childhood dream？
A.His parents didn’t support him.
B.He was offered another good job.
C.He lost interest in it later.
11.What did the woman want to be when she was a little girl？
A.A pilot. B.A scientist. C.A teacher.
12.What languages is the woman good at？
A.English and French. B.English and Italian. C.French and Italian.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.Who is Jenny？
A.The man’s wife. B.The man’s sister. C.The woman’s colleague.
14.How long has it been since the speakers’ graduation？
A.Three years. B.Ten years. C.Thirteen years.
15.What do we know about the man？
A.He continued his studies after graduation.
B.He once worked at a law firm.
C.He is working in a trade company.
16.When will the speakers meet each other again？
A.This Saturday. B.This Sunday. C.Next Saturday.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What is Bill Gates famous for according to the speaker？
A.His family background.
B.His position in society.
C.His educational background.
18.What did Bill Gates do in 1975？
A.He went to Harvard University.
B.He began to develop new software.
C.He sold his inventions to MITS.
19.When did Bill Gates leave Microsoft？
A.In 2000. B.In 2008. C.In 2014.
20.Which of the following is TRUE according to the talk？
A.Bill Gates grew up in Washington.
B.Bill Gates’ mother worked as a lawyer.
C.IBM partnered with Microsoft for a short time.
第二部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
　　About
We believe the name says it all. was created by a teacher to make the news accessible to kids.We carefully choose high interest stories appropriate to the audience， and present them in a way that is easy to understand.
We work hard to use simple language when telling the stories.It’s easy for advanced readers to read “down”， but not for struggling readers to read “up”.
We understand that there are side effects to simplifying the language and adding background information.But we think we offer something important that’s hard to find： News told in an accessible manner.Real news， told simply.
NFK Subscriptions！
If you like ， but don’t like the ads， we’ve got good news for you： Now you can subscribe to support NFK and go ad-free.
When we launched nearly two years ago， we had the goal of bringing high-quality， engaging， understandable news to kids everywhere — for free.We wanted kids around the world to have equal access.
But takes a lot of time and money to produce.That’s why we carry a few ads， as much as we dislike advertisements.
We’re very pleased to announce that today is launching its subscription program.Subscriptions are available on a monthly or yearly basis.If you enjoy and would like to keep it going， please consider subscribing！
　　What Can I Expect？
If you subscribe， you’ll have your own login and ads will be turned off for you as long as you are logged in.
Contact Us
To get in touch with us at ， please choose one of the options below：
General comments and feedback：
contact@
Technical issues or help with subscriptions：
support@
21.What is the major feature of ？
A.It is free of charge. B.It’s easy to understand.
C.It tells interesting stories. D.It covers a variety of topics.
22.What’s the benefit of subscribing to ？
A.Reading more news. B.Getting some presents.
C.Receiving earlier updates. D.Turning off advertisements.
23.What’s the main purpose of the passage？
A.To introduce NFK’s main contents. B.To make more people know about NFK.
C.To attract some financial support for NFK. D.To announce NFK’s subscription program.
B
　　Programming Intern （实习）.I wasn’t sure why this job announcement appeared on my screen.I was looking for a real job， not an internship.
I had been looking for a part-time job and making no progress at all.Overeducated forty-nine-year-olds who have been out of the traditional workforce for fifteen years are not a hot commodity on the job market.
I couldn’t help but read the description on the job board.“Interns will create an educational program for their local national wildlife refuge.” Then， I looked at the qualifications.“Enthusiastic people who are great at written communications.” Check.“Previous experience in environmental conservation or any science coursework.” Uncheck.
Not a single aspect of my job or educational experience matched these requirements.I figured I was too old， too unqualified.I must give up the absurd thought of trying.
However， another strong inner voice can sound， too.All I could hear was one thing： Apply for the internship！ I looked at the job announcement one more time.It asked for a brief description of my relevant experience.I had no idea what to write.Anyhow， I finished my résume， sent in my application that same morning and soon forgot about it.
Two days later， I got an interview request for the next day.It was a video interview， something I had never done before.I couldn’t believe I was contacted at all.I changed my shirt four times before the call.I tested the camera angle in numerous spots in my house， trying to decide which lighting made me look less old.
“Hi， Denise！ We are super excited you applied to intern with us.A real writer！ Your résume is just fantastic，” Lynnea welcomed me warmly.And then she asked me some questions about my personal experiences and expectations.
That same night， I received the email，“Congratulations！ We would love to offer you the position as Programming Intern with our team.”
24.What do we learn about the author？
A.She was in her thirties. B.She wasn’t well-educated.
C.She lacked necessary qualifications. D.She needed some work experience.
25.Why did the author change her shirt four times before the call？
A.She was very nervous. B.To leave a good impression.
C.She was particular about clothes. D.To attract the interviewer’s attention.
26.How did the author feel about the final result？
A.Moved and thankful. B.Confused and doubtful.
C.Surprised and excited. D.Disappointed and worried.
27.What message does the author try to convey by writing the text？
A.Age shouldn’t prevent you from getting a job. B.You never know what you can do until you try.
C.Having a passion helps you find your dream job. D.Keep working hard and you’ll realise your dream.
C
　　The 80/20 Principle， also known as the 80/20 Rule， claims that a minority of causes， inputs， or effort usually lead to a majority of results， outputs， or rewards.Taken literally， this means that， for example， 80 percent of what you achieve in your job comes from 20 percent of the time spent.Thus for all practical purposes， four-fifths of the effort — a dominant part of it — is largely irrelevant.This is contrary to what people normally expect.
So the 80/20 Principle states that there is an inbuilt imbalance between causes and results， inputs and outputs， and effort and rewards.
The pattern underlying the 80/20 Principle was discovered in 1897， about 100 years ago， by Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto （1848－1923）.In business， twenty percent of products usually account for about 80 percent of dollar sales value； so do 20 percent of customers.In society， 20 percent of criminals account for 80 percent of the value of all crime.Twenty percent of motorists cause 80 percent of accidents.In the home， 20 percent of your carpets are likely to get 80 percent of the wear.Twenty percent of your clothes will be worn 80 percent of the time.
IBM was one of the earliest and most successful corporations to spot and use the 80/20 Principle.In 1963， IBM discovered that about 80 percent of a computer’s time is spent executing about 20 percent of the operating code.The company immediately rewrote its operating software to make the most-used 20 percent very accessible and user friendly， thus making IBM computers more efficient and faster than competitors’ machines for the majority of applications.
Why should you care about the 80/20 Principle？ Whether you realise it or not， the principle applies to your life， to your social world， and to the place where you work.Understanding the 80/20 Principle gives you great insight into what is really happening in the world around you.By using the 80/20 Principle， each individual can be more effective and happier and each profit-seeking corporation can become very much more profitable.
28.What does the underlined word “This” in the first paragraph refer to？
A.Little time is used. B.Much work is wasted.
C.You have achieved a lot. D.You have lost much time.
29.What does the third paragraph mainly tell us？
A.The 80/20 Principle is common. B.The 80/20 Principle is important.
C.The 80/20 Principle has a long history. D.The 80/20 Principle has positive effects.
30.Why does the author give the example of IBM？
A.To prove the popularity of the 80/20 Principle.
B.To show the special roles of the 80/20 Principle.
C.To prove the effectiveness of the 80/20 Principle.
D.To show the underlying logic of the 80/20 Principle.
31.What is the key to using the 80/20 Principle？
A.Focusing on the few. B.Making plans in advance.
C.Doing important things first. D.Laying emphasis on the many.
D
　　Humans have two different ages.There is chronological （时序的） age， which measures how much time a person has spent on Earth， and then there is biological age， referring to how old a person seems.Many lifestyle factors like diet， exercise and psychological state can impact someone’s biological age.
A new study from Deep Longevity， the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Stanford University found that feelings that cause poor mental health like sadness， loneliness and general unhappiness add an extra 1.65 years to a person’s biological age.Meanwhile， smoking can add up to 1.25 years and suffering from restless sleep can add 0.44 years to a person’s biological age.However， being currently married can reduce 0.59 years， according to the study.
As part of the study， researchers said they came up with a new “aging clock” based on data from 4，846 Chinese adults in 2015 as part of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study （CHARLS）.
The data included 16 blood biomarkers （生物标志物） like cholesterol and glucose levels as well as other health information like blood pressure， body mass index， lung function and sex.
Researchers compared the chronological age of CHARLS participants with the ages predicted by their new “aging clock”.The results found that the new age was roughly 5.6 years older than the CHARLS participants’ actual ages.The team also found that smokers and those with a history of stroke， liver or lung disease were predicted to be older than the remaining 4，451 healthy adults.
“Chronological age isn’t how old we really are，” said professor David Sinclair， co-director of the Paul F.Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging at Harvard Medical School.“We all age biologically at different rates according to our genes， what we eat， and how much we exercise.Biological age is what determines our health and ultimately our lifespan.Biological age is number of candles we really should be blowing out.In the future， with advances in our ability to control biological age， we may have even fewer candles on our cake than the previous one.”
32.Which of the following has the biggest negative effects on our biological age？
A.Smoking. B.Poor sleep.
C.Being married. D.Feeling lonely.
33.What can we infer about the CHARLS participants？
A.Most of them smoke. B.They aren’t in good health.
C.They have a history of stroke. D.Most of them live by themselves.
34.What was professor David Sinclair’s attitude to the future of humans’ biological age？
A.Worried. B.Pessimistic.
C.Confident. D.Ambiguous.
35.Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text？
A.What Decides a Person’s Chronological Age
B.What Add Years to a Person’s Biological Age
C.Chronological Age — How Old Are You Really？
D.Biological Age — You May Be Older Than You Are
第二节（共5小题； 每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文， 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Influential people have a great impact on everyone they encounter.Yet， they achieve this only because they exercise so much influence from inside， on themselves.Their focused pursuit of excellence is driven by five habits that you can follow and absorb until your influence expands：
They think for themselves.
Influential people aren’t affected by the latest trend or public opinion.　36　 They’re more than willing to change their mind according to facts， but they aren’t influenced by what other people think， only by what they know.
They welcome disagreement.
Influential people do not react emotionally to different opinions.　37　 They’re humble enough to know that they don’t know everything and that someone else might see something they missed.And if that person is right， they accept the idea wholeheartedly because they care more about the result than being right.
They are proactive （主动的）.
Influential people don’t wait for things like new ideas and new technologies to find them； they seek those things out.　38　 They see what’s coming because they intentionally look for it.
They respond rather than react.
If someone criticizes an influential person for making a mistake， or if someone else makes a mistake， influential people don’t react immediately and emotionally.They wait.They think.　39　 Influential people know how important relationships are， and they won’t let an emotional overreaction harm theirs.
They believe.
　40　 They believe in their power to achieve their dreams， and they believe others share that same power.They believe that nothing is out of reach.
A.Instead， they welcome them.
B.And then they deliver a proper response.
C.Influential people always expect the best.
D.They’re influential because they see what’s coming.
E.They form their opinions carefully， based on the facts.
F.They never believe that one person can change the world.
G.They fight back against these critics as hard as they could.
36.　　　　　　　　37.　　　　　　　　38.　　　　　　　　39.　　　　　　　　40.　　　　　　
第三部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
High school senior， Jonathan Walker is unquestionably celebrating an amazing milestone in his life.The Florida teen has been 　41　 into 27 universities and received up to $4 million in scholarships.
“It was just a surprise to see that they wanted me to 　42　 their institution， and that they were offering me 　43　 ...it was just a ton of excitement，” Walker said during an interview with ABC News’ Linsey Davis.
The 18-year-old Florida student 　44　 to colleges and universities that included Harvard， Stanford， Yale， and MIT.
　45　， the teen was very surprised when he was admitted to all of the universities.He told CBS Miami in an interview that， “That’s such a 　46　 thing to occur， but it did happen.”
However， 　47　 he has been accepted to all of his choices， the teen is working on 　48　 the list down.“I’ll be able to make a pretty confident 　49　.”
Actually， Walker is also active in science club， the international Baccalaureate program， and the school football team.The amazingly 　50　 18-year-old teen has also been working with a partner on a wrist device that 　51　 people who are blind and deaf to communicate better with people.
　　“My parents 　52　 me a chemistry set a couple of years ago ...And then from there I really 　53　 that I could use engineering to help people.And so I just became super interested in creating 　54　 that could help disadvantaged communities and people 　55　 a challenging period，” Walker said.
41.A.accepted　B.included　　　C.adopted　　 D.introduced
42.A.visit B.appreciate C.confirm D.attend
43.A.admission B.honour C.awards D.challenges
44.A.devoted B.applied C.appealed D.contributed
45.A.Hopefully B.Fortunately C.Undoubtedly D.Unusually
46.A.natural B.rare C.precious D.casual
47.A.if only B.now that C.even though D.in case
48.A.turning B.taking C.narrowing D.choosing
49.A.decision B.mind C.approach D.plan
50.A.careful B.honest C.brilliant D.generous
51.A.advises B.reminds C.ensures D.allows
52.A.lent B.promised C.brought D.taught
53.A.realised B.proposed C.indicated D.reflected
54.A.tools B.devices C.ideas D.positions
55.A.taking over B.putting off C.making out D.going through
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　The Ningbo Charity Federation in Ningbo， Zhejiang Province， received 　56　 thick envelope that contained a stack of money 　57　（order） totaling 1.08 million yuan （$149，000） on Wednesday.
This marked the 25th year that a mysterious donor， 　58　（know） as Shun Qi Zi Ran， donated to the federation， 　59　 the cumulative amount reaching 15.77 million yuan since 1999， when the donor sent 50，000 yuan.
According to a staff member of the federation surnamed Gao， the donor 　60　（random） selects two characters from the phrase Shun Qi Zi Ran， 　61　 means “let things take their own course”， to sign the letters.
The donor always provides non-existent addresses and the donations are always made between November and December each year.
Each money order is less than 10，000 yuan 　62　 otherwise， the order has to be signed with the donor’s real name according to bank rules.
Gao said that they tried to locate the person during the first three years of 　63　 （receive） donations.However， in order to respect the donor’s wishes， they decided to stop searching.
“Keeping this act of kindness in our hearts and making the best use of every donation is the best way 　64　 （thank） him/her，” Gao said.
So far， these funds 　65　 （use） to help impoverished families， construct school buildings， aid underprivileged students， and enhance educational facilities.Additionally， the donations have been utilized to provide nutritious meals to students in impoverished mountainous areas.
56.　　　　　　　　57.　　　　　　　　58.　　　　　　　　59.　　　　　　　　60.　　　　　　
61.　　　　　 62.　　　　　 63.　　　　　 64.　　　　　 65.　　　　　
第四部分　写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
　　你校英文校报正在举行题为The Person I Admire Most的作文比赛，请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.简要介绍该人物；2.你从他（她）身上学到了什么。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式作答。
The Person I Admire Most
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The whole city was quiet when my van （面包车） pulled up to a cafe. It was 8：00 a.m. and the businesses wouldn’t be open for another three hours. When the students studying film production jumped out of the van and began unloading a ton of equipment， I sat in the driver’s seat reading.
I learned a long time ago that I was just the driver and was not wanted or needed on the set. These kids used to need advice and help. Now， as older teens， they were making their own decisions and helping each other. Anything else that I might be able to tell them was not required and unwelcome. Sometimes， that made me feel a bit sad.
Emptied of its movie-related contents， the van now became the place to leave personal items. My job， as the driver， was to stay within calling distance with the keys so that if anything was needed I could open the van.
Knowing that I could find a corner somewhere and finish reading the book， I got out of the van and looked for a place to sit down. It was early， but the California sun was already beating down， and I didn’t want to sit in the heat. Against a wall， in the shade， just twenty or so paces away. I saw a beautifully carved park bench. I noticed that a man was sitting on one end， but there was plenty of room for at least two more people. Walking over， I set my drink on the ground near the leg of the bench and sat on the other end.
The man looked at me oddly but remained seated. I quickly discovered that he’d probably spent the night on the bench. His clothes were dirty and his hair was messy. I soon smelled the unpleasant smell of sweat on his body. I looked at him and smiled， and he smiled back with a mouth of blacked-out teeth.
We both sat there for over an hour. I was reading. He was intently watching the filming. He then stood and walked in front of me. In a slightly shaky but clear voice， he said， “Thank you.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。
　　Hearing his words， I raised my head surprisingly. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　After several seconds， I realised my actions had truly meant something to this man. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
单元质量检测（一）　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
第一部分
1－5　ACBCB　　　6－10　BCABA
11－15　BCABC 16－20　ABCBC
听力材料：
（Text 1）
W：What do you like to do during the weekend？
M：I love cycling.On Saturday morning I usually ride around the city for two hours.
（Text 2）
W：What kind of college are you going to apply for？
M：My father wants me to go into business but my mother wants me to go to medical school.
（Text 3）
M：How much time has passed since we started talking？
W：It’s been only 10 minutes.
M：So right now it should be 3：10 p.m.
W：Correct.
（Text 4）
W：Where did you get the money to start your restaurant？
M：I have been saving my money for years.
W：Is there any other way to get money to start up a small business？
M：Yes， you can borrow some from a bank.
（Text 5）
W：Did you want to become a scientist when you were young？
M：No.I became interested in insects only after I entered university.
W：Are you happy with the working conditions in this university？
M：Yes.It provides me excellent equipment and enough funding to do my work.
（Text 6）
M：What did you do after graduation？
W：I’d planned to be a teacher， but then I was offered a good job doing marketing， so I changed my mind.
M：Sounds like you’re happy with your decision.
W：I am.I enjoy my job very much.By the way， have you not had any job offers yet？
M：I had one， but I didn’t like the job very much.I’d also really wanted to attend graduate school， but I was afraid I couldn’t pay that much money.
W：I think you need to make a decision， stick to it and don’t be afraid of difficulties.
（Text 7）
W：Look， Jack！ Here’s a job that might interest you.
M：Are you sure？ The last job interview you sent me to was really a disaster.
W：Well， look！ It’s a big company.You might get to travel.
M：What kind of company is it， though？
W：Um， let’s see.It’s a newspaper office.They say the pay is really good.And oh， look！ They give you a car to travel around.That’s not bad， is it？
M：Do they say anything about needing to have experience of a journalist？
W：No， they want someone young and energetic.Oh， yes， they want a university graduate， so that’s OK.You’ve been to university.The only thing is that you have to travel， but then that’s what the company car is for.
M：Perhaps I’ll have a closer look at it.
（Text 8）
W：John， when you were little， what did you dream you’d grow up to be？
M：Oh， I dreamed that I’d be a pilot when I grew up.
W：So what happened？ Did you just lose interest in being a pilot？
M：No.My parents said it was too dangerous， and they wanted me to find a safer job.How about you？ What did you dream of becoming when you were a little girl？
W：When I was a little girl， I dreamed of being a great scientist， but now， as you can see， I’m just a common office clerk.
M：So what are your dreams now？
W：Well， I really want to be a translator some day， so I’m working hard to learn English.
M：You’re so good at language learning.Your French and Italian are already fluent.Well， I hope you succeed in that dream some day！
W：Thanks.
（Text 9）
W：Hi， Bob！ I am so glad that you came.
M：Of course I’d come.I couldn’t think of a better chance to see all my old friends.
W：It’s hard to believe that it’s been ten years since graduation.
M：How time flies！ How are things going with you？
W：It’s only recently that I’ve been able to start settling down.How about you？ Are you still with Jenny？
M：Yeah， Jenny and I got married right after graduation.It was hard for the first three years — I was supporting us both while she continued her studies — but now things are getting better.I work as a manager in a trade company and she’s working at a law firm.It’s all started to come together and we’re finally able to make a life for ourselves.
W：Oh， that sounds wonderful.I have always known you two would make it.I hope I can keep in better contact with you.
M：Definitely！ Actually， we just moved into a new place.There’s a house-warming party this Saturday， if you are free.I know Jenny would love to see you again and it should be a good party.
W：Sounds great！ I am free this weekend and I’ll be there.
（Text 10）
Bill Gates， an American inventor， computer programmer and businessman， is reportedly worth nearly $80 billion， making him one of the wealthiest people in the country today.He founded and was head of Microsoft for years.
Gates was born into a rich family in the state of Washington.His father was a lawyer； his mother was a banker.
He is famous for being taken as the father of the modern computer.He studied at Harvard University but did not graduate because of his desire to develop new software.
As a 13-year-old student， Gates was introduced to computer programming.In 1975， Gates spoke to a company called Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems （MITS）.He convinced the owner of the company that he had written a program that would work well and make big money.The owner bought into Gates’ inventions， and the two men reached an agreement to develop software for the company.Then the Microsoft Company was born.
Gates went on to develop the Windows operating system with the partner IBM.The two companies had differences though， and their partnership ended quickly.Gates worked as CEO until 2000.He remained active with the company for several years before leaving the company in 2008.In 2014， Bill Gates became the technical advisor of the firm.
第二部分
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。是美国一家面向青少年读者的新闻网站，最近它开通了订阅服务。用户订阅该网站后，就可以关闭网页上的广告。
21.B　细节理解题。根据About部分可知，网站的最大特点是该网站的新闻语言简单、通俗易懂，适合青少年阅读。
22.D　细节理解题。根据NFK Subscriptions！部分可知，订阅网站后，用户就可以关闭网页上的广告。
23.D　写作目的题。综合全文可知，本文主要介绍了网站新推出的订阅服务——用户订阅该网站后，就可以避开网页上烦人的广告。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者今年49岁，当她面临一份自己心仪的实习工作时，大胆投递简历并参加面试，最终获得成功。
24.C　细节理解题。根据第一至四段可知，作者今年49岁，目前在求职；面对一份有关野生动物保护的编程实习工作，虽然她受教育程度高，但是在年龄和（相关工作）资历方面都不占优势。
25.B　推理判断题。根据第六段可知，作者反复换衣服并调整摄像头的角度，是为了给即将到来的视频面试做好准备工作，也就是给面试官留下一个好印象。
26.C　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，作者投递完简历很快就忘了这事，这说明她对获得该工作并不抱多大希望；根据最后两段可知，作者的面试进展很顺利，最后成功获得了该工作。由此可以推断，作者应该感到惊讶和兴奋。
27.B　推理判断题。综合全文可知，作者开始很不自信，感觉自己年龄大、资历欠缺，因此在投递简历前经历了一番思想斗争；之后她大胆尝试，最终成功获得该工作。因此作者通过自己的故事想说明“大胆尝试”的重要性。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章简要介绍了著名的“二八法则”，并建议我们在生活中去应用它。
28.B　代词指代题。根据第一段可知，代词This指代上文提到的four-fifths of the effort — a dominant part of it — is largely irrelevant （大部分的努力和付出都是无关紧要的）这一事实。
29.A　段落大意题。根据第三段可知，作者列举了商业、社会以及家庭三个领域中“二八法则”的具体表现，这充分说明“二八法则”在我们的生活中非常普遍。
30.C　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，IBM公司在使用了“二八法则”后，使得IBM计算机在大多数应用中比竞争对手的机器更高效、更快速。由此可知，作者列举IBM这一案例是为了证明“二八法则”的有效性。
31.A　推理判断题。综合全文可知，“二八法则”揭示的现实是少数的原因、投入和付出起着决定性的作用。其核心是建议我们抓住这关键的“少数”。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人的年龄可以分为时序年龄和生理年龄。时序年龄指一个人实际度过的时间，生理年龄则指从生理机能上一个人看起来有多大。在现实生活中，很多人的生理年龄要比时序年龄大。
32.D　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，孤独、悲伤等不良情绪会使人的生理年龄变老1.65岁，而吸烟和失眠分别使人的生理年龄增加1.25岁和0.44岁。由此可知，感到孤独对生理年龄的负面影响最大。
33.B　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，这项研究发现，研究对象的预测年龄（生理年龄）大约比他们的实际年龄大5.6岁左右。由此推断，他们的健康状况普遍欠佳，因为健康状况的好坏决定着生理年龄的大小，它们之间是反比关系。
34.C　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，David Sinclair教授认为，随着科技的发展，我们控制生理年龄的能力会不断提高；未来我们很有可能在生日蛋糕上插的蜡烛会逐年减少，也就是说生理年龄会越来越小。
35.D　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文首先提出时序年龄和生理年龄这两个概念，然后重点围绕科学家对生理年龄的一项研究展开说明，而这项研究恰好说明很多人的生理年龄要比时序年龄大。因此D项最适合作文章标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有影响力的人所拥有的五个习惯。36.E　根据该段小标题They think for themselves.可知，该段主要讲述了有影响力的人会独立思考，E项（他们会根据事实谨慎地形成自己的观点）符合语境。E项中的opinions与该空前的opinion为原词复现，且E项中的facts与该空后的facts也为原词复现。
37.A　根据该段小标题They welcome disagreement.和该空前一句可知，该段主要讲述了有影响力的人不会情绪化地对待不同的意见，而是会虚心接纳它们，A项（相反，他们会欣然接受这些意见）符合语境。A项中的welcome与该段小标题中的welcome为原词复现，且A项中的them指代该空前的different opinions。
38.D　根据该空前的Influential people don’t wait for things like new ideas and new technologies to find them； they seek those things out.可知，有影响力的人不会坐等新想法和新科技去找他们，而是会主动提出新想法、创造新科技，D项（他们有影响力是因为他们能预见未来）符合语境。D项中的they see what’s coming与该空后的They see what’s coming because ...相呼应。
39.B　根据该空前的If someone criticizes an influential person ... react immediately and emotionally.They wait.They think.可知，有影响力的人不会贸然应对他人的批评或错误，他们会三思而后行，B项（然后他们会做出合适的回应）符合语境。B项中的response与该段小标题中的respond相呼应。
40.C　根据该空后的They believe in their power to achieve their dreams ...They believe that nothing is out of reach.可知，有影响力的人信心十足，他们相信自己的力量，也相信别人的力量，相信没有什么是遥不可及的，C项（有影响力的人总是往最好的方面去想）符合语境。
第三部分
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Jonathan Walker是一名来自美国佛罗里达州的高中生，最近他被美国27所世界一流大学同时录取，并获得四百万美元的奖学金。
41.A　根据下文可知，Jonathan Walker被27所大学同时录取，并获得四百万美元的奖学金。
42.D　由于Jonathan Walker被这些大学同时录取，所以这些大学都希望Jonathan Walker能选择他们的学校。
43.A　这里admission是admit的名词形式，意为“录取”，符合语境。
44.B　下文列举的哈佛大学、斯坦福大学、耶鲁大学和麻省理工学院都是Jonathan Walker申请的大学。
45.C　Jonathan Walker能被27所世界一流名校同时录取，毫无疑问这是一件令人吃惊的事。
46.B　Jonathan Walker能被27所世界一流名校同时录取，这是一件罕见的事情。
47.B　Jonathan Walker被这些大学录取是一个既定的事实。now that 既然。
48.C　由于Jonathan Walker被27所大学同时录取，他现在需要做的是缩小选择范围，也就是进行筛选，这样才能最终做出决定。narrow down表示“缩小范围”。
49.A　Jonathan Walker进行筛选的目的是最后作出一个自信的决定——究竟去哪一所大学。
50.C　根据上下文可知，Jonathan Walker非常优秀。
51.D　Jonathan Walker跟别人合作发明的这种腕式仪器使得聋哑人可以更好地与他人交流。
52.C　几年前，Jonathan Walker的父母给他带来一个化学设备箱子，也就是一套化学用具。
53.A　接触到父母送给他的化学设备箱子之后，Jonathan Walker就意识到他可以利用工程学去帮助他人。
54.B　结合上文可知，Jonathan Walker喜欢发明各种仪器去帮助残疾人。
55.D　Jonathan Walker发明这些仪器的目的是帮助那些弱势群体，也就是度过艰难时光的人。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了浙江省宁波市慈善总会连续25年收到一个署名为“顺其自然”的神秘人捐款的事情。
56.a　考查冠词。这里表示“一个厚厚的信封，里面装着一叠钱，共计108万元”，因此用不定冠词a表示“一”。
57.orders　考查名词复数。这里order为可数名词，表示“汇票”，应用复数形式。
58.known　考查非谓语动词。这里表示该匿名爱心人士以其签名“顺其自然”为人们所知，因此用表达被动概念的过去分词作后置定语。
59.with　考查介词。这里是一个由“with＋名词＋动词-ing形式”构成的with复合结构，表示伴随情况或补充说明。
60.randomly　考查词形转换。本空后面是谓语动词selects，因此这里应用副词randomly来修饰它。
61.which　考查定语从句。这里the phrase Shun Qi Zi Ran是先行词，逗号后面是由关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。
62.because　考查状语从句。本空后面是对前面事实（每笔汇款不超过一万元）的解释，因此用从属连词because引导一个原因状语从句。
63.receiving　考查非谓语动词。本空前面是介词of，因此这里应用动词-ing形式来作其宾语。
64.to thank　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，这里应用动词不定式短语to thank him/her作定语，修饰前面的名词way。
65.have been used　考查动词的时态和语态。本句时间状语为So far，且表达被动概念，因此应用现在完成时的被动语态。
第四部分
第一节
The Person I Admire Most
There are numerous brilliant people throughout human history who have changed the world， but the one I admire most is Lu Xun.
As one of the greatest writers in China， Lu Xun gave up medical study and took up writing in his 20s.And he devoted all his life exposing social problems in China， using his pen as a weapon.Lu Xun wrote a great number of excellent works， some of which have been selected into Chinese textbooks.
Actually， I have learned a lot from Lu Xun.For one thing， he shows that literature can have a big difference to people’s soul and lives.For another， he encourages me to think critically， challenge traditional beliefs， and work towards social progress.
第二节
　　Hearing his words， I raised my head surprisingly. “For what？” I questioned. He looked at the ground as he whispered， “Usually people won’t even look at me， let alone sit by me. Thank you for treating me like a human being.” I honestly didn’t know what to say as he turned， picked up a small， dirty backpack and walked quickly around the corner. I was shocked. I hadn’t done anything special； I just shared a bench.
After several seconds， I realised my actions had truly meant something to this man. To me， I just wanted a place to sit out of the sun. We were no different， no matter who we were， what we did in our lives or where we laid our heads at night. Both of us just wanted to be treated like a human being. Thinking of the man’s sincere expression， I felt a wave of warmth through me.
10 / 10(共103张PPT)
单元质量检测（一）　
PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分　听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、
C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话
后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话
仅读一遍。
1. What are the speakers talking about？
A. The man’s weekend activities.
B. The woman’s favourite sport.
C. The city they live in.
2. What does the man do？
A. He’s a businessman.
B. He’s a doctor.
C. He’s a student.
3. When did the speakers start talking？
A. At 2：50. B. At 3：00. C. At 3：10.
4. What does the woman want to do？
A. Borrow money from the man.
B. Go to the bank.
C. Start up a business.
5. What is the man’s research field？
A. Education. B. Insects. C. Finance.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题
中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位
置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒
钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读
两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What kind of job did the woman take after graduation？
A. Teaching. B. Marketing. C. Volunteering.
7. What does the woman think the man should do？
A. Take his job immediately.
B. Not worry about the money.
C. Make a decision and stick to it.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Where does the woman advise the man to apply for a job？
A. In a newspaper office.
B. In a travel agency.
C. In a car factory.
9. What does the man ask the woman about the job？
A. The pay.
B. The experience.
C. The working conditions.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Why didn’t the man realise his childhood dream？
A. His parents didn’t support him.
B. He was offered another good job.
C. He lost interest in it later.
11. What did the woman want to be when she was a little girl？
A. A pilot. B. A scientist. C. A teacher.
12. What languages is the woman good at？
A. English and French.
B. English and Italian.
C. French and Italian.
13. Who is Jenny？
A. The man’s wife.
B. The man’s sister.
C. The woman’s colleague.
14. How long has it been since the speakers’ graduation？
A. Three years.
B. Ten years.
C. Thirteen years.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
15. What do we know about the man？
A. He continued his studies after graduation.
B. He once worked at a law firm.
C. He is working in a trade company.
16. When will the speakers meet each other again？
A. This Saturday.
B. This Sunday.
C. Next Saturday.
17. What is Bill Gates famous for according to the speaker？
A. His family background.
B. His position in society.
C. His educational background.
18. What did Bill Gates do in 1975？
A. He went to Harvard University.
B. He began to develop new software.
C. He sold his inventions to MITS.
19. When did Bill Gates leave Microsoft？
A. In 2000. B. In 2008. C. In 2014.
20. Which of the following is TRUE according to the talk？
A. Bill Gates grew up in Washington.
B. Bill Gates’ mother worked as a lawyer.
C. IBM partnered with Microsoft for a short time.
听力材料：
（Text 1）
W：What do you like to do during the weekend？
M：I love cycling.On Saturday morning I usually ride around the city
for two hours.
（Text 2）
W：What kind of college are you going to apply for？
M：My father wants me to go into business but my mother wants me
to go to medical school.
（Text 3）
M：How much time has passed since we started talking？
W：It’s been only 10 minutes.
M：So right now it should be 3：10 p.m.
W：Correct.
（Text 4）
W：Where did you get the money to start your restaurant？
M：I have been saving my money for years.
W：Is there any other way to get money to start up a small business？
M：Yes， you can borrow some from a bank.
（Text 5）
W：Did you want to become a scientist when you were young？
M：No.I became interested in insects only after I entered university.
W：Are you happy with the working conditions in this university？
M：Yes.It provides me excellent equipment and enough funding to do
my work.
（Text 6）
M：What did you do after graduation？
W：I’d planned to be a teacher， but then I was offered a good job
doing marketing， so I changed my mind.
M：Sounds like you’re happy with your decision.
W：I am.I enjoy my job very much.By the way， have you not had
any job offers yet？
M：I had one， but I didn’t like the job very much.I’d also really
wanted to attend graduate school， but I was afraid I couldn’t pay that
much money.
W：I think you need to make a decision， stick to it and don’t be
afraid of difficulties.
（Text 7）
W：Look， Jack！ Here’s a job that might interest you.
M：Are you sure？ The last job interview you sent me to was really a
disaster.
W：Well， look！ It’s a big company.You might get to travel.
M：What kind of company is it， though？
W：Um， let’s see.It’s a newspaper office.They say the pay is really
good.And oh， look！ They give you a car to travel around.That’s not
bad， is it？
M：Do they say anything about needing to have experience of a
journalist？
W：No， they want someone young and energetic.Oh， yes， they
want a university graduate， so that’s OK. You’ve been to
university.The only thing is that you have to travel， but then that’s
what the company car is for.
M：Perhaps I’ll have a closer look at it.
（Text 8）
W：John， when you were little， what did you dream you’d grow up
to be？
M：Oh， I dreamed that I’d be a pilot when I grew up.
W：So what happened？ Did you just lose interest in being a pilot？
M：No.My parents said it was too dangerous， and they wanted me to
find a safer job.How about you？ What did you dream of becoming
when you were a little girl？
W：When I was a little girl， I dreamed of being a great scientist，
but now， as you can see， I’m just a common office clerk.
M：So what are your dreams now？
W：Well， I really want to be a translator some day， so I’m working
hard to learn English.
M：You’re so good at language learning.Your French and Italian are
already fluent.Well， I hope you succeed in that dream some day！
W：Thanks.
（Text 9）
W：Hi， Bob！ I am so glad that you came.
M：Of course I’d come.I couldn’t think of a better chance to see all my
old friends.
W：It’s hard to believe that it’s been ten years since graduation.
M：How time flies！ How are things going with you？
W：It’s only recently that I’ve been able to start settling down.How
about you？ Are you still with Jenny？
M：Yeah， Jenny and I got married right after graduation.It was hard
for the first three years — I was supporting us both while she continued
her studies — but now things are getting better.I work as a manager in
a trade company and she’s working at a law firm.It’s all started to come
together and we’re finally able to make a life for ourselves.
W：Oh， that sounds wonderful.I have always known you two would
make it.I hope I can keep in better contact with you.
M：Definitely！ Actually， we just moved into a new place.There’s a
house-warming party this Saturday， if you are free.I know Jenny
would love to see you again and it should be a good party.
W：Sounds great！ I am free this weekend and I’ll be there.
（Text 10）
Bill Gates， an American inventor， computer programmer and
businessman， is reportedly worth nearly $80 billion， making him
one of the wealthiest people in the country today.He founded and was
head of Microsoft for years.
Gates was born into a rich family in the state of Washington.His
father was a lawyer； his mother was a banker.He is famous for being
taken as the father of the modern computer.He studied at Harvard
University but did not graduate because of his desire to develop new
software.
As a 13-year-old student， Gates was introduced to computer
programming.In 1975， Gates spoke to a company called Micro
Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems （MITS）.He convinced the
owner of the company that he had written a program that would work
well and make big money.The owner bought into Gates’ inventions，
and the two men reached an agreement to develop software for the
company.Then the Microsoft Company was born.
Gates went on to develop the Windows operating system with the
partner IBM. The two companies had differences though， and their
partnership ended quickly.Gates worked as CEO until 2000.He
remained active with the company for several years before leaving the
company in 2008.In 2014， Bill Gates became the technical advisor of
the firm.
第二部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳
选项。
A
We believe the name says it all. was created by a
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语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。是美国一家面向青
少年读者的新闻网站，最近它开通了订阅服务。用户订阅该网站
后，就可以关闭网页上的广告。
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。是美国一家面向青
少年读者的新闻网站，最近它开通了订阅服务。用户订阅该网站
后，就可以关闭网页上的广告。
Contact Us
21. What is the major feature of ？
A. It is free of charge.
B. It’s easy to understand.
C. It tells interesting stories.
D. It covers a variety of topics.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据About部分可知，网
站的最大特点是该网站的新闻语言简单、通俗易懂，适合青少年
阅读。
22. What’s the benefit of subscribing to ？
A. Reading more news.
B. Getting some presents.
C. Receiving earlier updates.
D. Turning off advertisements.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据NFK Subscriptions！部分可知，订
阅网站后，用户就可以关闭网页上的广告。
23. What’s the main purpose of the passage？
A. To introduce NFK’s main contents.
B. To make more people know about NFK.
C. To attract some financial support for NFK.
D. To announce NFK’s subscription program.
解析： 　写作目的题。综合全文可知，本文主要介绍了
网站新推出的订阅服务——用户订阅该网站后，
就可以避开网页上烦人的广告。
B
　　Programming Intern （实习）.I wasn’t sure why this job
announcement appeared on my screen.I was looking for a real job， not an
internship.
I had been looking for a part-time job and making no progress at
all.Overeducated forty-nine-year-olds who have been out of the traditional
workforce for fifteen years are not a hot commodity on the job market.
I couldn’t help but read the description on the job board.“Interns will
create an educational program for their local national wildlife refuge.”
Then， I looked at the qualifications.“Enthusiastic people who are great
at written communications.” Check.“Previous experience in
environmental conservation or any science coursework.” Uncheck.
Not a single aspect of my job or educational experience matched these
requirements.I figured I was too old， too unqualified.I must give up the
absurd thought of trying.
However， another strong inner voice can sound， too.All I could
hear was one thing： Apply for the internship！ I looked at the job
announcement one more time.It asked for a brief description of my
relevant experience.I had no idea what to write.Anyhow， I finished my
résume， sent in my application that same morning and soon forgot about
it.
Two days later， I got an interview request for the next day.It was a
video interview， something I had never done before.I couldn’t believe I
was contacted at all.I changed my shirt four times before the call.I tested
the camera angle in numerous spots in my house， trying to decide which
lighting made me look less old.
“Hi， Denise！ We are super excited you applied to intern with us.A
real writer！ Your résume is just fantastic，” Lynnea welcomed me
warmly.And then she asked me some questions about my personal
experiences and expectations.
That same night， I received the email，“Congratulations！ We
would love to offer you the position as Programming Intern with our
team.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者今年49岁，当她面临一份自己
心仪的实习工作时，大胆投递简历并参加面试，最终获得成功。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者今年49岁，当她面临一份自己
心仪的实习工作时，大胆投递简历并参加面试，最终获得成功。
24. What do we learn about the author？
A. She was in her thirties.
B. She wasn’t well-educated.
C. She lacked necessary qualifications.
D. She needed some work experience.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第一至四段可知，作者今年49
岁，目前在求职；面对一份有关野生动物保护的编程实习工
作，虽然她受教育程度高，但是在年龄和（相关工作）资历方
面都不占优势。
25. Why did the author change her shirt four times before the call？
A. She was very nervous.
B. To leave a good impression.
C. She was particular about clothes.
D. To attract the interviewer’s attention.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第六段可知，作者反复换衣服并调整
摄像头的角度，是为了给即将到来的视频面试做好准备工作，也
就是给面试官留下一个好印象。
26. How did the author feel about the final result？
A. Moved and thankful.
B. Confused and doubtful.
C. Surprised and excited.
D. Disappointed and worried.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，作者投递完简历很快就
忘了这事，这说明她对获得该工作并不抱多大希望；根据最后两
段可知，作者的面试进展很顺利，最后成功获得了该工作。由此
可以推断，作者应该感到惊讶和兴奋。
27. What message does the author try to convey by writing the text？
A. Age shouldn’t prevent you from getting a job.
B. You never know what you can do until you try.
C. Having a passion helps you find your dream job.
D. Keep working hard and you’ll realise your dream.
解析： 　推理判断题。综合全文可知，作者开始很不自信，感觉
自己年龄大、资历欠缺，因此在投递简历前经历了一番思想斗
争；之后她大胆尝试，最终成功获得该工作。因此作者通过自己
的故事想说明“大胆尝试”的重要性。
C
　　The 80/20 Principle， also known as the
80/20 Rule， claims that a minority of causes，
inputs， or effort usually lead to a majority of
results， outputs， or rewards.Taken literally，
this means that， for example， 80 percent of
what you achieve in your job comes from 20 percent of the time spent.Thus for all practical purposes， four-fifths of the effort — a dominant part of it — is largely irrelevant.This is contrary to what people normally expect.
So the 80/20 Principle states that there is an inbuilt imbalance
between causes and results， inputs and outputs， and effort and rewards.
The pattern underlying the 80/20 Principle was discovered in 1897，
about 100 years ago， by Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto （1848－
1923）.In business， twenty percent of products usually account for about
80 percent of dollar sales value； so do 20 percent of customers.In
society， 20 percent of criminals account for 80 percent of the value of all
crime.Twenty percent of motorists cause 80 percent of accidents.In the
home， 20 percent of your carpets are likely to get 80 percent of the
wear.Twenty percent of your clothes will be worn 80 percent of the time.
IBM was one of the earliest and most successful corporations to spot
and use the 80/20 Principle.In 1963， IBM discovered that about 80
percent of a computer’s time is spent executing about 20 percent of the
operating code.The company immediately rewrote its operating software to
make the most-used 20 percent very accessible and user friendly， thus
making IBM computers more efficient and faster than competitors’
machines for the majority of applications.
Why should you care about the 80/20 Principle？ Whether you realise
it or not， the principle applies to your life， to your social world， and to
the place where you work.Understanding the 80/20 Principle gives you
great insight into what is really happening in the world around you.By
using the 80/20 Principle， each individual can be more effective and
happier and each profit-seeking corporation can become very much more
profitable.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章简要介绍了著名的“二八法
则”，并建议我们在生活中去应用它。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章简要介绍了著名的“二八法
则”，并建议我们在生活中去应用它。
28. What does the underlined word “This” in the first paragraph refer
to？
A. Little time is used.
B. Much work is wasted.
C. You have achieved a lot.
D. You have lost much time.
解析： 　代词指代题。根据第一段可知，代词This指代上文提到
的four-fifths of the effort — a dominant part of it — is largely
irrelevant （大部分的努力和付出都是无关紧要的）这一事实。
29. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us？
A. The 80/20 Principle is common.
B. The 80/20 Principle is important.
C. The 80/20 Principle has a long history.
D. The 80/20 Principle has positive effects.
解析： 　段落大意题。根据第三段可知，作者列举了商业、社会
以及家庭三个领域中“二八法则”的具体表现，这充分说明“二
八法则”在我们的生活中非常普遍。
30. Why does the author give the example of IBM？
A. To prove the popularity of the 80/20 Principle.
B. To show the special roles of the 80/20 Principle.
C. To prove the effectiveness of the 80/20 Principle.
D. To show the underlying logic of the 80/20 Principle.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，IBM公司在使用了“二
八法则”后，使得IBM计算机在大多数应用中比竞争对手的机器
更高效、更快速。由此可知，作者列举IBM这一案例是为了证明
“二八法则”的有效性。
31. What is the key to using the 80/20 Principle？
A. Focusing on the few.
B. Making plans in advance.
C. Doing important things first.
D. Laying emphasis on the many.
解析： 　推理判断题。综合全文可知，“二八法则”揭示的现实
是少数的原因、投入和付出起着决定性的作用。其核心是建议我
们抓住这关键的“少数”。
D
　　Humans have two different ages.There is chronological（时序的）
age， which measures how much time a person has spent on Earth， and
then there is biological age， referring to how old a person seems.Many
lifestyle factors like diet， exercise and psychological state can impact
someone’s biological age.
A new study from Deep Longevity， the Chinese University of Hong
Kong and Stanford University found that feelings that cause poor mental
health like sadness， loneliness and general unhappiness add an extra 1.65
years to a person’s biological age.Meanwhile， smoking can add up to
1.25 years and suffering from restless sleep can add 0.44 years to a
person’s biological age.However， being currently married can reduce
0.59 years， according to the study.
As part of the study， researchers said they came up with a new
“aging clock” based on data from 4，846 Chinese adults in 2015 as part
of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study （CHARLS）.
The data included 16 blood biomarkers （生物标志物） like
cholesterol and glucose levels as well as other health information like
blood pressure， body mass index， lung function and sex.
Researchers compared the chronological age of CHARLS participants
with the ages predicted by their new “aging clock”.The results found
that the new age was roughly 5.6 years older than the CHARLS
participants’ actual ages.The team also found that smokers and those with a
history of stroke， liver or lung disease were predicted to be older than the
remaining 4，451 healthy adults.
“Chronological age isn’t how old we really are，” said professor
David Sinclair， co-director of the Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of
Aging at Harvard Medical School.“We all age biologically at different
rates according to our genes， what we eat， and how much we
exercise.Biological age is what determines our health and ultimately our
lifespan.Biological age is number of candles we really should be blowing
out.In the future， with advances in our ability to control biological age，
we may have even fewer candles on our cake than the previous one.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人的年龄可以分为时序年龄和生理
年龄。时序年龄指一个人实际度过的时间，生理年龄则指从生理机
能上一个人看起来有多大。在现实生活中，很多人的生理年龄要比
时序年龄大。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人的年龄可以分为时序年龄和生理
年龄。时序年龄指一个人实际度过的时间，生理年龄则指从生理机
能上一个人看起来有多大。在现实生活中，很多人的生理年龄要比
时序年龄大。
32. Which of the following has the biggest negative effects on our
biological age？
A. Smoking. B. Poor sleep.
C. Being married. D. Feeling lonely.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，孤独、悲伤等不良情绪
会使人的生理年龄变老1.65岁，而吸烟和失眠分别使人的生理年龄
增加1.25岁和0.44岁。由此可知，感到孤独对生理年龄的负面影响
最大。
33. What can we infer about the CHARLS participants？
A. Most of them smoke.
B. They aren’t in good health.
C. They have a history of stroke.
D. Most of them live by themselves.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，这项研究发现，研究对
象的预测年龄（生理年龄）大约比他们的实际年龄大5.6岁左右。
由此推断，他们的健康状况普遍欠佳，因为健康状况的好坏决定
着生理年龄的大小，它们之间是反比关系。
34. What was professor David Sinclair’s attitude to the future of humans’
biological age？
A. Worried. B. Pessimistic.
C. Confident. D. Ambiguous.
解析： 　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，David Sinclair教授认
为，随着科技的发展，我们控制生理年龄的能力会不断提高；未
来我们很有可能在生日蛋糕上插的蜡烛会逐年减少，也就是说生
理年龄会越来越小。
35. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text？
A. What Decides a Person’s Chronological Age
B. What Add Years to a Person’s Biological Age
C. Chronological Age — How Old Are You Really？
D. Biological Age — You May Be Older Than You Are
解析： 　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文首先提出时序年龄和
生理年龄这两个概念，然后重点围绕科学家对生理年龄的一项研
究展开说明，而这项研究恰好说明很多人的生理年龄要比时序年
龄大。因此D项最适合作文章标题。
第二节（共5小题； 每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文， 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最
佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Influential people have a great impact on everyone they
encounter.Yet， they achieve this only because they exercise so much
influence from inside， on themselves.Their focused pursuit of
excellence is driven by five habits that you can follow and absorb until
your influence expands：
Influential people aren’t affected by the latest trend or public
opinion. 　36　 They’re more than willing to change their mind
according to facts， but they aren’t influenced by what other people
think， only by what they know.
They think for themselves.
Influential people do not react emotionally to different
opinions. 　37　 They’re humble enough to know that they don’t know
everything and that someone else might see something they
missed.And if that person is right， they accept the idea
wholeheartedly because they care more about the result than being
right.
They welcome disagreement.
Influential people don’t wait for things like new ideas and new
technologies to find them； they seek those things out. 　38　 They
see what’s coming because they intentionally look for it.
They respond rather than react.
If someone criticizes an influential person for making a mistake，
or if someone else makes a mistake， influential people don’t react
immediately and emotionally.They wait.They think. 　39　 Influential
people know how important relationships are， and they won’t let an
emotional overreaction harm theirs.
They are proactive （主动的）.
They believe.
　40　 They believe in their power to achieve their dreams， and
they believe others share that same power.They believe that nothing is
out of reach.
A. Instead， they welcome them.
B. And then they deliver a proper response.
C. Influential people always expect the best.
D. They’re influential because they see what’s coming.
E. They form their opinions carefully， based on the facts.
F. They never believe that one person can change the world.
G. They fight back against these critics as hard as they could.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有影响力的人所拥有的
五个习惯。
36. E　根据该段小标题They think for themselves.可知，该段主要
讲述了有影响力的人会独立思考，E项（他们会根据事实谨慎地形
成自己的观点）符合语境。E项中的opinions与该空前的opinion为
原词复现，且E项中的facts与该空后的facts也为原词复现。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有影响力的人所拥有的
五个习惯。
37. A　根据该段小标题They welcome disagreement.和该空前一句
可知，该段主要讲述了有影响力的人不会情绪化地对待不同的意
见，而是会虚心接纳它们，A项（相反，他们会欣然接受这些意
见）符合语境。A项中的welcome与该段小标题中的welcome为原
词复现，且A项中的them指代该空前的different opinions。
38. D　根据该空前的Influential people don’t wait for things like new
ideas and new technologies to find them； they seek those things out.
可知，有影响力的人不会坐等新想法和新科技去找他们，而是会
主动提出新想法、创造新科技，D项（他们有影响力是因为他们能
预见未来）符合语境。D项中的they see what’s coming与该空后的
They see what’s coming because ...相呼应。
39. B　根据该空前的If someone criticizes an influential person ...
react immediately and emotionally.They wait.They think.可知，有影
响力的人不会贸然应对他人的批评或错误，他们会三思而后行，B
项（然后他们会做出合适的回应）符合语境。B项中的response与
该段小标题中的respond相呼应。
40. C　根据该空后的They believe in their power to achieve their
dreams ...They believe that nothing is out of reach.可知，有影响力的
人信心十足，他们相信自己的力量，也相信别人的力量，相信没
有什么是遥不可及的，C项（有影响力的人总是往最好的方面去
想）符合语境。
第三部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可
以填入空白处的最佳选项。
High school senior， Jonathan Walker is unquestionably
celebrating an amazing milestone in his life.The Florida teen has
been 　41　 into 27 universities and received up to $4 million in
scholarships.
“It was just a surprise to see that they wanted me to 　42　 their
institution， and that they were offering me 　43　 ...it was just a ton
of excitement，” Walker said during an interview with ABC News’
Linsey Davis.
The 18-year-old Florida student 　44　 to colleges and
universities that included Harvard， Stanford， Yale， and MIT.
　45　， the teen was very surprised when he was admitted to all
of the universities.He told CBS Miami in an interview that， “That’s
such a 　46　 thing to occur， but it did happen.”
However， 　47　 he has been accepted to all of his choices，
the teen is working on 　48　 the list down.“I’ll be able to make a
pretty confident 　49　.”
Actually， Walker is also active in science club， the
international Baccalaureate program， and the school football
team.The amazingly 　50　 18-year-old teen has also been working
with a partner on a wrist device that 　51　 people who are blind and
deaf to communicate better with people.
“My parents 　52　 me a chemistry set a couple of years
ago ...And then from there I really 　53　 that I could use engineering
to help people.And so I just became super interested in creating 　54　
that could help disadvantaged communities and people 　55　 a
challenging period，” Walker said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Jonathan Walker是一名来自美国佛罗
里达州的高中生，最近他被美国27所世界一流大学同时录取，并获
得四百万美元的奖学金。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Jonathan Walker是一名来自美国佛罗
里达州的高中生，最近他被美国27所世界一流大学同时录取，并获
得四百万美元的奖学金。
41. A. accepted B. included
C. adopted D. introduced
解析： 　根据下文可知，Jonathan Walker被27所大学同时录取，
并获得四百万美元的奖学金。
42. A. visit B. appreciate
C. confirm D. attend
解析： 　由于Jonathan Walker被这些大学同时录取，所以这些大
学都希望Jonathan Walker能选择他们的学校。
43. A. admission B. honour
C. awards D. challenges
解析： 　这里admission是admit的名词形式，意为“录取”，符
合语境。
44. A. devoted B. applied
C. appealed D. contributed
解析： 　下文列举的哈佛大学、斯坦福大学、耶鲁大学和麻省理
工学院都是Jonathan Walker申请的大学。
45. A. Hopefully B. Fortunately
C. Undoubtedly D. Unusually
解析： 　Jonathan Walker能被27所世界一流名校同时录取，毫无
疑问这是一件令人吃惊的事。
46. A. natural B. rare C. precious D. casual
解析： 　Jonathan Walker能被27所世界一流名校同时录取，这是
一件罕见的事情。
47. A. if only B. now that
C. even though D. in case
解析： 　Jonathan Walker被这些大学录取是一个既定的事实。
now that 既然。
48. A. turning B. taking
C. narrowing D. choosing
解析： 　由于Jonathan Walker被27所大学同时录取，他现在需要
做的是缩小选择范围，也就是进行筛选，这样才能最终做出决
定。narrow down表示“缩小范围”。
49. A. decision B. mind
C. approach D. plan
解析： 　Jonathan Walker进行筛选的目的是最后作出一个自信的
决定——究竟去哪一所大学。
50. A. careful B. honest
C. brilliant D. generous
解析：C　根据上下文可知，Jonathan Walker非常优秀。
51. A. advises B. reminds
C. ensures D. allows
解析： 　Jonathan Walker跟别人合作发明的这种腕式仪器使得聋
哑人可以更好地与他人交流。
52. A. lent B. promised
C. brought D. taught
解析： 　几年前，Jonathan Walker的父母给他带来一个化学设备
箱子，也就是一套化学用具。
53. A. realised B. proposed
C. indicated D. reflected
解析： 　接触到父母送给他的化学设备箱子之后，Jonathan
Walker就意识到他可以利用工程学去帮助他人。
54. A. tools B. devices
C. ideas D. positions
解析： 　结合上文可知，Jonathan Walker喜欢发明各种仪器去帮
助残疾人。
55. A. taking over B. putting off
C. making out D. going through
解析： 　Jonathan Walker发明这些仪器的目的是帮助那些弱势群
体，也就是度过艰难时光的人。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式。
　　The Ningbo Charity Federation in Ningbo， Zhejiang Province，
received 　56　 thick envelope that contained a stack of
money 　57　（order） totaling 1.08 million yuan （$149，000） on
Wednesday.
This marked the 25th year that a mysterious donor， 　58　
（know） as Shun Qi Zi Ran， donated to the federation， 　59　
the cumulative amount reaching 15.77 million yuan since 1999， when
the donor sent 50，000 yuan.
According to a staff member of the federation surnamed Gao，
the donor 　60　（random） selects two characters from the phrase
Shun Qi Zi Ran， 　61　 means “let things take their own
course”， to sign the letters.
The donor always provides non-existent addresses and the
donations are always made between November and December each
year.
Each money order is less than 10，000 yuan 　62　 otherwise，
the order has to be signed with the donor’s real name according to bank
rules.
Gao said that they tried to locate the person during the first three
years of 　63　 （receive） donations.However， in order to respect
the donor’s wishes， they decided to stop searching.
“Keeping this act of kindness in our hearts and making the best
use of every donation is the best way 　64　 （thank） him/her，”
Gao said.
So far， these funds 　65　 （use） to help impoverished
families， construct school buildings， aid underprivileged students，
and enhance educational facilities.Additionally， the donations have
been utilized to provide nutritious meals to students in impoverished
mountainous areas.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了浙江省宁波市慈善总
会连续25年收到一个署名为“顺其自然”的神秘人捐款的事情。
56. a　考查冠词。这里表示“一个厚厚的信封，里面装着一叠
钱，共计108万元”，因此用不定冠词a表示“一”。
57. orders　考查名词复数。这里order为可数名词，表示“汇
票”，应用复数形式。
58. known　考查非谓语动词。这里表示该匿名爱心人士以其签名
“顺其自然”为人们所知，因此用表达被动概念的过去分词作后
置定语。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了浙江省宁波市慈善总
会连续25年收到一个署名为“顺其自然”的神秘人捐款的事情。
59. with　考查介词。这里是一个由“with＋名词＋动词-ing形式”
构成的with复合结构，表示伴随情况或补充说明。
60. randomly　考查词形转换。本空后面是谓语动词selects，因此
这里应用副词randomly来修饰它。
61. which　考查定语从句。这里the phrase Shun Qi Zi Ran是先行
词，逗号后面是由关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。
62. because　考查状语从句。本空后面是对前面事实（每笔汇款不
超过一万元）的解释，因此用从属连词because引导一个原因状语
从句。
63. receiving　考查非谓语动词。本空前面是介词of，因此这里应
用动词-ing形式来作其宾语。
64. to thank　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，这里应用动词不定
式短语to thank him/her作定语，修饰前面的名词way。
65. have been used　考查动词的时态和语态。本句时间状语为So
far，且表达被动概念，因此应用现在完成时的被动语态。
第四部分　写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
　　你校英文校报正在举行题为The Person I Admire Most的作文比
赛，请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 简要介绍该人物；
2. 你从他（她）身上学到了什么。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
The Person I Admire Most
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
参考范文：
The Person I Admire Most
There are numerous brilliant people throughout human history who
have changed the world， but the one I admire most is Lu Xun.
As one of the greatest writers in China， Lu Xun gave up medical
study and took up writing in his 20s.And he devoted all his life exposing
social problems in China， using his pen as a weapon.Lu Xun wrote a
great number of excellent works， some of which have been selected into
Chinese textbooks.
Actually， I have learned a lot from Lu Xun.For one thing， he
shows that literature can have a big difference to people’s soul and
lives.For another， he encourages me to think critically， challenge
traditional beliefs， and work towards social progress.
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
The whole city was quiet when my van （面包车） pulled up to a
cafe. It was 8：00 a.m. and the businesses wouldn’t be open for another
three hours. When the students studying film production jumped out of the
van and began unloading a ton of equipment， I sat in the driver’s seat
reading.
I learned a long time ago that I was just the driver and was not wanted
or needed on the set. These kids used to need advice and help. Now， as
older teens， they were making their own decisions and helping each
other. Anything else that I might be able to tell them was not required and
unwelcome. Sometimes， that made me feel a bit sad.
Emptied of its movie-related contents， the van now became the
place to leave personal items. My job， as the driver， was to stay within
calling distance with the keys so that if anything was needed I could open
the van.
Knowing that I could find a corner somewhere and finish reading the
book， I got out of the van and looked for a place to sit down. It was
early， but the California sun was already beating down， and I didn’t
want to sit in the heat. Against a wall， in the shade， just twenty or so
paces away. I saw a beautifully carved park bench. I noticed that a man was
sitting on one end， but there was plenty of room for at least two more
people. Walking over， I set my drink on the ground near the leg of the
bench and sat on the other end.
The man looked at me oddly but remained seated. I quickly
discovered that he’d probably spent the night on the bench. His clothes
were dirty and his hair was messy. I soon smelled the unpleasant smell of
sweat on his body. I looked at him and smiled， and he smiled back with a
mouth of blacked-out teeth.
We both sat there for over an hour. I was reading. He was intently
watching the filming. He then stood and walked in front of me. In a
slightly shaky but clear voice， he said， “Thank you.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
　　Hearing his words， I raised my head surprisingly. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
　　After several seconds， I realised my actions had truly meant
something to this man. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
参考范文：
　　Hearing his words， I raised my head surprisingly. “For what？” I
questioned. He looked at the ground as he whispered， “Usually people
won’t even look at me， let alone sit by me. Thank you for treating me like
a human being.” I honestly didn’t know what to say as he turned， picked
up a small， dirty backpack and walked quickly around the corner. I was
shocked. I hadn’t done anything special； I just shared a bench.
After several seconds， I realised my actions had truly meant
something to this man. To me， I just wanted a place to sit out of the sun.
We were no different， no matter who we were， what we did in our lives
or where we laid our heads at night. Both of us just wanted to be treated
like a human being. Thinking of the man’s sincere expression， I felt a
wave of warmth through me.
谢谢观看！

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