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2025-2026学年八年级上册英语单元全真模拟培优卷沪教版（2024）
Unit 1 Look it up!
注意事项：
1．本试卷共七大题，满分120分（不含听力口语30分），考试用时100分钟；
2．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考点名称、考场号、座位号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡相对应的位置上，并认真核对条形码上的准考号、姓名是否与本人的相符合；
3．答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡指定的位置上，不在答题区域内的答案一律无效，不得用其他笔答题；
4．考生答题必须答在答题卡上，答在试卷和草稿纸上一律无效。
第一部分 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
Who designed (设计) the first helicopter Who 1 some of the most famous pictures in the world Who knew more about the human body than most 2 of his time There is an answer 3 all these questions—Leonardo da Vinci.
Leonardo may have been the greatest genius (天才) 4 have known. He lived in Italy in about the year 1500, but many of his inventions seem modern to us today. For example, one of his notebooks has drawings of a helicopter. Of course, he couldn’t 5 a helicopter with the things he had. But scientists say his idea might have worked.
But Leonardo 6 an inventor. He was one of the greatest artists of his day. By the time he was twenty years old, he was called a master (大师), and as he got older he became 7 more famous. Sometimes he 8 draw a hand in ten different ways.
Many of Leonardo’s wonderful paintings are still with 9 today. You may know one of his most famous works—Mona Lisa, a(n) 10 woman.
1．A．brought B．ate C．painted D．invented
2．A．teachers B．doctors C．students D．writers
3．A．to B．by C．for D．from
4．A．the scientists B．the artists C．the farmers D．people
5．A．draw B．paint C．work D．build
6．A．was just B．wasn’t just C．was no more D．was no longer
7．A．less B．no C．even D．very
8．A．could B．should C．must D．need
9．A．him B．us C．them D．you
10．A．interesting B．crying C．smiling D．surprising
第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be in the dark. However, the electric light was not his only invention. He also invented the motion picture camera and over 1, 200 other things. About every two weeks he created something new.
Thomas Edison was born in 1847. He attended school for only three months. His mother taught him at home, but Thomas was mostly self-educated. He started experimenting at a young age.
When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy(报童) on a train. He did experiments on the train in his spare time. Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well. They fired him when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train. Then Edison worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his time in experimenting his first patent (专利) in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity.
Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but he thought of his deafness as a blessing(祝福) in many ways. It kept conversations short, so that he could have more time for work. He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.
Thomas Edison died at the age of 84. He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world.
11．How often did Edison make a new invention
A．About every fourteen days. B．About every seven days.
C．About once a week. D．About twice a week.
12．What does the underlined word “fired” mean in this passage
A．Gave somebody a job. B．Set fire to somebody.
C．Let somebody down. D．Forced somebody to leave his job.
13．Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage
A．Edison had only 8 hours rest each day because of work.
B．Edison got his education mostly by self-teaching.
C．Edison had his first job in 1869.
D．Edison’s inventions greatly improved the quality of people’s life.
14．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The function of the electric light. B．Edison and his experiments.
C．The importance of inventions. D．The whole life of Edison.
15．What can we infer from the passage
A．Edison was lazy when he was young.
B．Edison was poor so he needed to work on a train.
C．He had little difficulties in experimenting.
D．Edison was very hard-working.
B
The Palace Museum is also called the Forbidden City. It lies in the heart of Beijing. The Palace Museum was the imperial(皇帝的) palaces during the Ming and Qing dynasties(朝代). It has a history of more than 500 years.
The Palace Museum is the world’s largest palace museum. It is more than 720,000 square meters in size. It is 961 meters long and 760 meters wide, with about 9,000 houses. In 1406, Chinese people began to build it. The construction was finally finished in 1420.
In 1925, the Forbidden City was changed into museum. And it is also the largest museum in China. It has a collection of one million valuable artworks, and most of them belonged to the imperial families of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The museum is open to the public nowadays. Today, many visitors from all over the world come to visit the Palace Museum.
16．What is another name of the Palace Museum
A．The Summer Palace. B．The Forbidden City.
C．The Great Wall. D．Tian’anmen Square.
17．When did people start to build the Forbidden City
A．In 1407. B．In 1406. C．in 1420. D．In 1925.
18．How long did it take to complete the construction of the Forbidden City
A．40 years. B．14 years. C．16 years. D．41 years.
19．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．The Forbidden City was the imperial palaces in every dynasty in China.
B．The Forbidden City was the largest palace museum in the world.
C．The Forbidden City covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters.
D．The Forbidden City was changed into a museum in 1925.
20．This passage most probably comes from ________.
A．a dictionary B．a notebook C．an encyclopaedia D．a storybook
C
How do we know the time A clock, a watch or a mobile phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries, people have developed different ways of telling the time.
About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock. This was a tall stone building. Its shadow (影子) showed the movement of the sun. So people were able to know midday. The Egyptians made a sundial about 3,500 years ago. It was smaller than the sun clock and could let people know the time for half a day. On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial. Water clocks were the first clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows (流动) from one bottle to another. When the water reaches a certain level, it shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China. But they failed to make people know the exact time.
In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more exact, but it was expensive to make one. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, spring (发条) were added around 1500. This enabled people to get the correct time and allowed clocks to be smaller. In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build. It’s also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock. People began depending on them more and more to run business, markets and so on. More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites send our mobile phones the time to the exact second.
There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change. Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not being late for school or work.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
21．According to the passage, we can’t use the ________ to tell the time on a rainy day.
A．water clock B．sun clock
C．digital clock D．mechanical clock
22．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “ordinary” in the third paragraph
A．modern B．special C．rich D．common
23．How many kinds of clocks are mentioned in the passage
A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven.
24．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage
（①—paragraph 1, ②—paragraph 2, …）
A．B．C． D．
25．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The importance of time. B．The development of timekeeping.
C．The inventions of clocks. D．The history of a digital clock.
D
When I study English, I often use different reference books. First, I use an English - Chinese dictionary to look up new words. It helps me understand the meanings and how to use them. Sometimes, I use a thesaurus to find better words for my writing. This makes my articles more precise. I also like to use encyclopedias to learn about different topics, such as history and science. They provide a lot of detailed information. In addition, I use online dictionaries when I’m in a hurry. They are very convenient. By using these reference books, I have improved my English learning a lot.
26．What does the writer use to look up new words
A．An English - Chinese dictionary. B．A Chinese - English dictionary.
C．A thesaurus. D．An encyclopedia.
27．Why does the writer use a thesaurus
A．To find new words. B．To find synonyms and make articles more precise.
C．To learn about history. D．To waste time.
28．What does the writer use encyclopedias for
A．To look up new words. B．To find synonyms.
C．To learn about different topics. D．To play games.
29．When does the writer use online dictionaries
A．When studying history. B．When in a hurry.
C．When writing articles. D．When reading stories.
30．How has using reference books helped the writer
A．By making English learning more difficult. B．By improving English learning a lot.
C．By wasting time. D．By reducing study efficiency.
第三部分 信息还原（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
Qian Xuesen was a great scientist. 31 He is also known as “the King of the Rocket.” Thanks to his research, China’s space technology has progressed in a rapid way.
Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. 32 After graduation, he worked in America for a few years. In the early 1950s, he heard that New China had been founded (建立), and he decided to give up the good working conditions in America. Although the American government tried to stop him from leaving, he succeeded in coming back to China in 1955.
33 Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel. At that time, the conditions in China were too hard. 34 On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite (卫星), “Dongfanghong I” was successfully sent into the air.
A student of Qian Xuesen, Zhu Yilin, once said, “I learned professional knowledge and working spirit from Mr. Qian. 35 When New China needed scientists badly, he returned to help in the rocket industry.”
根据短文内容，将下面的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。
A．I sensed his deep love for our country, too.
B．Who visited Qian Xuesen when he was in China
C．At the age of 24, he went to America to study.
D．But Qian and his team still faced the difficulties bravely.
E．He is known as “the Father of China’s Space Program.”
F．In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested starting a special organization.
第四部分 词汇运用（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
第一节 根据下列句子所给汉语注释或首字母，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
36．My travels and teaching experience in China (complete) changed how I see the world.
37．Vincent van Gogh was a famous (art) known for his unique style of painting.
38．We (organize) lots of activities to celebrate our school’s fiftieth birthday last month.
39．She still couldn’t accept her pet’s (die) after years.
40．Looking up words (help) us understand new vocabulary.
41．He wonders what may happen if he could travel back to the p period.
42．I know little about Chinese ink p . Could you tell me something about them
43．Whatever the policeman asked, the man said n and remained silent.
44．In ancient Europe, terrible living conditions i water pollution and broken houses.
45．Xie knows the difference between special education and g education.
阅读短文，从方框中选出正确的词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
boy we down think what short go quick one however
A group of boys stood around a tree. “ 46 a tall tree!” They said to each other, “It would be exciting to climb to the top.” The group of boys then wanted to play a game to see who could climb to the top of the tree 47 . Their mothers were sitting not far away, looking at their children as they played.
One of the 48 was an 8-year-old boy named David. He was the 49 in the group.
Nobody 50 he could win the competition. Then the game started. All of the boys tried their best. David didn’t climb fast at first, 51 , he was the first to get to the top in the end. His mother was proud. She asked, “David, how did you get to the top of the tree so 52 ”“It was easy,” David said, “the other boys were looking 53 when they climbed. They were so afraid that they couldn’t climb fast. But I was looking up when I climbed. I was happy to find I was close to the top, so I climbed fast.”
It is true in life that if we just keep 54 forward and never look back, we will probably make 55 dreams come true.
第五部分 短文填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
Da Vinci, Leonardo
Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and 56 (science).
Da Vinci was 57 (extreme) intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. He was a true genius, and his paintings and inventions changed the way we think about art and science.
Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. From an early age, he 58 (show) great intelligence and artistic talent. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His 59 (paint) are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some 60 (interest) drawings of flying machines and other vehicles.
Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs are 61 type of prehistoric animal. They are 62 (relate) to crocodiles, snakes and lizards. They are also the ancestors of today’s birds. Dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago. The word “dinosaur” comes from two Greek words, and it means “terrible lizard”.
Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two 63 four legs. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants.
Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 million years. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died 64 . Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by 65 (study) their fossils.
阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读回答。
One day, Sammy went for a walk in the mountains. He found a stone. It looked like a big egg. He took it home and put it by the window. One morning, Sammy heard some noise. The stone broke open. It was really an egg! A small animal climbed out and looked at Sammy. It was a dinosaur. Sammy called it “Dudley”.
Dudley was always hungry. He ate and ate and grew and grew. Soon he was bigger than Sammy. A man from Dinosaur Park read about Sammy and Dudley in the newspaper. He phoned Sammy and said, “Hello, Sammy. This is Mr. Lee from Dinosaur e with Dudley and meet the children here. I’ll give you 10,000 dollars.” Sammy said, “OK.”
A week later, Sammy got the money. What happened next, can you guess
66．Sammy found an egg one day, didn’t he
67．When did Sammy find it
68．Where did Sammy put the “stone”
69．Why was Dudley always hungry
70．Where did Sammy take Dudley
书面表达（共1题；满分25分）
71．钱学森是中国“两弹一星”元勋，为中国航天科技的发展做出了巨大贡献。请你根据下面表格中所提供的信息，写一篇英语短文介绍钱学森。
姓名 钱学森
生卒日期 1911年12月11日—2009年10月31日
出生地 中国上海
教育背景 1934年毕业于上海交通大学，后赴美留学，获博士学位
主要成就 1. 参与美国早期火箭研究，1955年回到中国 2. 领导研制中国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”，推动导弹和空间探索领域的发展 3. 中国航天事业的奠基人，被誉为“中国航天之父”
要求：
1. 文中须包含表格中的要点提示，可适当发挥；
2. 词数100左右。
参考词汇：aerospace science and technology航天科技
father of China’s aerospace中国航天之父
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
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参考答案及试题解析
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．C
【导语】本文介绍了著名艺术家列奥纳多·达·芬奇不仅是人们所知的伟大天才、发明家，还是当时最伟大的艺术家之一，其许多杰出画作至今留存。
1．句意：谁绘制了世界上一些最著名的画作？
brought带来；ate吃；painted绘画；invented发明。根据“some of the most famous pictures”可知，此处指绘制画作，故选C。
2．句意：谁比他那个时代的大多数医生更了解人体？
teachers教师；doctors医生；students学生；writers作家。“knew more about the human body”与人体相关，医生更了解人体，故选B。
3．句意：所有这些问题都有一个答案——列奥纳多·达·芬奇。
to到；by通过；for对于；from来自。“an answer to...”是固定短语，意为“……的答案”，故选A。
4．句意：列奥纳多可能是人们所知道的最伟大的天才。
the scientists科学家们；the artists艺术家们；the farmers农民们；people人们。此处是泛指人们所知晓的，范围最广，people符合语境，故选D。
5．句意：当然，他无法用他所拥有的东西建造一架直升机。
draw画；paint绘画；work工作；build建造。根据“he couldn’t...a helicopter with the things he had.”可知，指达·芬奇无法实际建造直升机，故选D。
6．句意：但列奥纳多不仅仅是一个发明家。
was just只是；wasn’t just不仅仅是；was no more不再是；was no longer不再是。后文提到他还是伟大的艺术家，说明他不只是发明家，故选B。
7．句意：到他二十岁时，他就被称为大师了，随着年龄的增长，他变得更加有名。
less更少；no不；even甚至；very非常。“even more famous”表示“更加有名”，even可用来加强比较级，故选C。
8．句意：有时他能以十种不同的方式画一只手。
could能够；should应该；must必须；need需要。根据“Sometimes he ... draw a hand in ten different ways.”可知，此处表示具备某种能力，用could，故选A。
9．句意：列奥纳多的许多精彩画作至今仍与我们同在。
him他；us我们；them他们；you你/你们。根据“Many of Leonardo’s wonderful paintings are still with ... today.”可知，此处是说这些画作至今还在我们身边，故选B。
10．句意：你可能知道他最著名的作品之一——《蒙娜丽莎》，一个微笑的女人。
interesting有趣的；crying哭泣的；smiling微笑的；surprising令人惊讶的。《蒙娜丽莎》以画中女子的微笑闻名，故选C。
11．A 12．D 13．C 14．D 15．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了爱迪生的一生。
11．细节理解题。根据“About every two weeks he created something new.”可知爱迪生每两周就会创造一些新的东西。故选A。
12．词义猜测题。根据“Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well.”（不幸的是，他的第一次工作经历并不顺利。）以及“when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train.”（他不小心把火车的地板点着了。）可知爱迪生被解雇了，故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据“Thomas Edison was born in 1847.”（托马斯·爱迪生生于1847年）以及“When he was 12 years old, he got his first job.”（12岁时，他得到了第一份工作。）可知爱迪生是在1847+12=1859年得到第一份工作，故选C。
14．主旨大意题。根据“Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be in the dark. ”以及全文可知，本文主要讲述了爱迪生的一生，故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据“He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.”（他总是每24小时工作16小时。有时他的妻子不得不提醒他睡觉和吃饭。）可推知爱迪生很勤奋，故选D。
16．B 17．B 18．B 19．A 20．C
【导语】本文简单介绍了北京的故宫博物馆。
16．细节理解题。根据“The Palace Museum is also called the Forbidden City.”可知，故宫博物院也被称为紫禁城。故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据“In 1406, Chinese people began to build it.”可知，1406年，人们开始建造它。故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据“In 1406, Chinese people began to build it. The construction was finally finished in 1420.”可知，1406年开始建造，1420年建成，共用了14年的时间。故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据“The Palace Museum was the imperial(皇帝的) palaces during the Ming and Qing dynasties(朝代).”可知，故宫博物院是明清两个朝代的皇宫，不是中国每个朝代的皇宫，A错误。故选A。
20．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文简单介绍了北京的故宫博物馆，例举了一些基本知识，最可能出自一本百科全书。故选C。
21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类历史上计时工具的发展，从古埃及的太阳钟和水钟，到机械钟、石英钟，再到现代的数字钟和卫星时间同步，强调了时间测量技术的进步以及它对人类生活的影响。
21．细节理解题。根据“On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.”可知，在阴天或晚上，不可能用太阳钟或日晷来报时。由于雨天通常也是阴天，因此日晷在雨天也无法使用。故选B。
22．词句猜测题。根据“Clocks became cheaper to build. It’s also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock.”可知，钟表制造变得便宜了，普通人拥有一块钟表也便宜了。因此，“ordinary”在这里的意思是“普通的”。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据“About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock.”，“ The Egyptians made a sundial about 3,500 years ago.”，“In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. ”，“In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed.”，“More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. ”可知大约5500年前，埃及人发明了太阳钟；埃及人在3500年前制造了日晷；水钟是第一个不使用太阳的钟；在13世纪，机械钟被发明；1927年，第一个石英钟被发明；1956年，出现了数字钟。总共六种钟。故选C。
24．篇章结构题。根据文章内容，文章第一段介绍了我们如何知道时间，第二段和第三段介绍了古代人们计时的方法现代计时工具的发展，第四段总结了计时技术的进步和一些不变的事情。因此，文章的结构是①—②③—④。选项A中的结构与此相符。故选A。
25．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change.”可知，文章主要讲述了计时技术的进步和变化。故选B。
26．A 27．B 28．C 29．B 30．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者学习英语时，经常使用的不同的参考书。
26．细节理解题。根据“First, I use an English - Chinese dictionary to look up new words.”可知，作者用英汉词典查生词。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据“Sometimes, I use a thesaurus to find better words for my writing. This makes my articles more precise.”可知，有时，作者会使用同义词库为写作找到更好的单词。这使作者的文章更加精确。所以B选项“查找同义词，使文章更精确。”符合题意。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据“I also like to use encyclopedias to learn about different topics, such as history and science. They provide a lot of detailed information.”可知，作者也喜欢用百科全书来学习不同的主题。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据“In addition, I use online dictionaries when I’m in a hurry.”可知，赶时间的时候，作者会使用在线词典。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据“By using these reference books, I have improved my English learning a lot.”可知，通过使用这些参考书，作者的英语学习有了很大的提高。故选B。
31．E 32．C 33．F 34．D 35．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了“中国航天之父”、“火箭之王”钱学森。他在美国学成后，怀着一颗伟大的爱国心回到祖国，为新中国的建设做出巨大贡献。
31．根据“He is also known as ‘the King of the Rocket.’”可知，此处介绍人们对钱学森先生的尊称。故选项E“他被誉为‘中国航天之父’。”符合语境。故选E。
32．根据“After graduation, he worked in America for a few years.”可知，此处介绍钱学森的求学经历。故选项C“24岁时，他去了美国学习。”符合语境。故选C。
33．根据“Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel.”可知，此处提到了一个组织。故选项F“1956年，钱学森建议成立一个专门的组织。”符合语境。故选F。
34．根据“At that time, the conditions in China were too hard. … On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite”可知，当时中国的条件很艰苦，但是钱学森克服艰苦，最终成功研制中国第一颗人造卫星。故选项D“但是钱和他的团队仍然勇敢地面对困难。”符合语境。故选D。
35．根据“When New China needed scientists badly, he returned to help in the rocket industry.”可知，当新中国急需科学家时，钱学森放弃美国优渥的生活毅然决然回国，这这表现了他对祖国深沉的爱。故选项A“我也感觉到了他对我们国家深深的爱。”符合语境。故选A。
36．completely
【解析】句意：我在中国的旅行和教学经历彻底改变了我看待世界的方式。根据“My travels and teaching experience in China ... changed”可知，此处修饰动词changed，要用副词，complete的副词形式为completely。故填completely。
37．artist
【解析】句意：文森特·梵高是一位著名的艺术家，以其独特的绘画风格而闻名。art“艺术”，名词，且结合常识及“a famous…”可知，此处指他是一位著名的“艺术家”，应用其派生词artist的单数形式作表语。故填artist。
38．organized
【解析】句意：上个月我们组织了很多活动来庆祝我们学校的五十周年校庆。根据“last month”可知，此处用过去时，organize的过去式为organized“组织”。故填organized。
39．death
【解析】句意：多年过去，她依然无法接受宠物的离世。die“死亡”，动词。根据“her pet’s”可知，空处应填名词作宾语，应把die变为名词death。故填death。
40．helps
【解析】句意：查阅单词帮助我们理解新词汇。根据“Looking up words…us understand new vocabulary.”以及所给单词提示可知，此处缺少谓语动词，动名词短语“Looking up words”作主语时，视为单数概念，句子时态为一般现在时，所以谓语动词help用第三人称单数形式helps。故填helps。
41．(p)rehistoric
【解析】句意：他想知道如果能回到过去的时期会发生什么。根据“He wonders what may happen if he could travel back to the...period.”及首字母“p”提示可知，句中“travel back to”表示“回到……”，暗示此处指 “过去的时期”。“prehistoric”意为“史前的”，为形容词，符合“回到过去时期”的语境。故填(p)rehistoric。
42．(p)aintings
【解析】句意：我对中国水墨画知之甚少。你能告诉我一些关于它们的事情吗？根据“Chinese ink”及首字母提示可知，此处指水墨画。表达“绘画”用名词“painting”，且此处用复数形式表示一类事物。故填(p)aintings。
43．(n)othing
【解析】句意：无论警察问什么，那个人都什么也没说，保持沉默。根据“and remained silent”可知，他什么也没有说。nothing意为“没有什么”，不定代词。故填(n)othing。
44．(i)ncluded
【解析】句意：在古代欧洲，恶劣的生活条件包括水污染和破旧的房屋。根据“In ancient Europe, terrible living conditions...water pollution and broken houses.”可知，句子缺少谓语动词，时态是一般过去时。include意为“包括”，其过去式为included，符合题意。故填(i)ncluded。
45．(g)eneral
【解析】句意：谢知道特殊教育和普通教育的区别。根据“special education and ... education”可知，此处指特殊教育和普通教育。general“普通的，一般的”，形容词作定语。故填(g)eneral。
46．What 47．first 48．boys 49．shortest 50．thought 51．however 52．quickly 53．down 54．going 55．our
【导语】本文通过爬树的故事告诉我们，如果我们继续前进不要回顾过去，我们更有可能实现梦想。
46．句意：多高的一棵树啊！根据句意及感叹号可知，此句是一个感叹句，后面是“a tall tree!”，因此用what引导，结构为“what a/an +形容词+名词”；句首首字母大写。故填What。
47．句意：然后这群男孩想玩一个游戏，看谁能最快爬到树顶。根据“to see who could climb to the top of the tree”和空格前的定冠词“the”可知，是指看谁能首先爬到树顶。one是基数词，其序数词是first，表示“首先”。故填first。
48．句意：其中一个男孩8岁叫大卫。根据“A group of boys stood around a tree.”可知，是一群男孩，因此这里表示“男孩”；one of后面跟名词复数，表示“……中的一个”。故填boys。
49．句意：他是这群男孩里最矮的一个。根据“He was the … in the group.”及所给单词可知，这里指的是“最矮的”，需要形容词最高级，short的最高级是shortest。故填shortest。
50．句意：没有人认为他会赢。根据“He was the shortest in the group.”可知，是指没有人认为他会赢。think表示“认为”；此句时态为一般过去时，因此用think的过去式thought。故填thought。
51．句意：起初，大卫爬得不快，然而，最后他第一个到达树顶。根据前半句“David didn’t climb fast at first,”和后半句“he was the first to get to the top in the end.”可知，此处表示转折。故填however。
52．句意：大卫，你是怎么快速到达树顶的？根据句意可知，此处表示“快速”，修饰动词“get”用副词，quick的副词形式是quickly。故填quickly。
53．句意：其他孩子在爬的时候一直往下看。根据“the other boys were looking … when they climbed. They were so afraid that they couldn’t climb fast.”可知，是指其他孩子在爬的时候一直往下看。look down“向下看”。故填down。
54．句意：在生活中也是如此，如果我们继续前进而不回头，我们就更有可能实现我们的目标。根据句意可知，此处表示“继续向前”，keep doing sth.表示“继续做某事”，keep going forward表示“继续向前”。故填going。
55． 句意：在生活中也是如此，如果我们继续前进而不回头，我们就更有可能实现我们的目标。根据“we will probably make … dreams come true.”可知，这里是指实现“我们的”目标。we的形容词性物主代词our“我们的”修饰名词“dreams”。故填our。
56．scientist 57．extremely 58．showed 59．paintings 60．interesting 61．a 62．related 63．or 64．out 65．studying
【导语】本文主要介绍了一本百科全书的两篇文章，一篇是关于莱昂纳多·达·芬奇，另一篇是关于恐龙的。
56．句意：莱昂纳多·达·芬奇是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。根据“painter, inventor, musician, engineer and…”可知，画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师这些都是职业，“科学家”是scientist，是名词。故填scientist。
57．句意：达芬奇是极其聪明的，他在许多不同的领域都有非凡的才能。 此处需要填入一个副词，修饰形容词intelligent，extreme的副词是extremely。故填extremely。
58．句意：从很小的时候，他就表现出了巨大的智慧和艺术才能。根据“From an early age”可知，本句的时态是一般过去时，动词需用过去式。show的过去式是showed。故填showed。
59．句意：他的画非常有名，其中一幅《蒙娜丽莎》可能是世界上最著名的画。根据“the Mona Lisa”可知，《蒙娜丽莎》是作品。本句表达的应是：他的画非常有名。“画、作品”可译为painting，是可数名词，此处需用名词的复数paintings。故填paintings。
60．句意：例如，他的笔记本上有一些有趣的飞行器图。根据“his notebooks include some…(interest) drawings of flying machines”可知，此处缺形容词，并且它是修饰物“drawings”，需用形容词“令人感兴趣的”interesting。故填interesting。
61．句意：恐龙是一种史前动物。“a type of”表示“一种”，这里是说恐龙是一种史前动物，故填a。
62．句意：恐龙和恐龙与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴属于同一物种。“be related to”是固定搭配，表示“与……属于同一种类”，这里是说恐龙与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴属于同一物种，故填related。
63．句意：恐龙在陆地上行走，要么用两条腿要么用四条腿“either...or...”是固定搭配，表示“要么……要么……；或者……或者……”，故填or。
64．句意：大约6600万年前恐龙突然灭绝了。“die out”表示“灭绝”，故填out。
65．然而，他们正在通过研究他们的化石来了解更多关于恐龙的知识。“by”是介词，后接动词的-ing形式，故填studying。
66．Yes, he did./Yes. 67．When he was walking in the mountains./While walking in the mountains. 68．By the window. 69．Because he was growing. 70．To Dinosaur Park.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了萨米在山里散步时发现了一块石头，带回家后，石头孵化成小恐龙的故事。
66．根据第一段“It was really an egg!”可知，萨米有一天发现了一个蛋。故填Yes, he did./Yes.
67．根据第一段“One day, Sammy went for a walk in the mountains. He found a stone.”可知，萨米去山里散步时，他发现了一块石头。故填When he was walking in the mountains./While walking in the mountains.
68．根据第一段“He took it home and put it by the window.”可知，他把它带回家，放在窗边。故填By the window.
69．根据第二段“Dudley was always hungry. He ate and ate and grew and grew.”可知，达德利总是很饿，因为他在长身体。故填Because he was growing.
70．根据第二段“This is Mr. Lee from Dinosaur e with Dudley and meet the children here.”可知，萨米把达德利带到了恐龙公园。故填To Dinosaur Park.
71．例文
Qian Xuesen was one of China’s greatest scientists. Born in Shanghai in 1911, he graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and then went to America for further education. After getting his PhD, he became an important rocket scientist in the USA.
In 1955, Qian returned to China. He devoted himself to the development of China’s aerospace science and technology. Under his leadership, Chinese scientists successfully developed the country’s first satellite, Dongfanghong-1. His work laid the foundation for China’s achievements in missiles and space exploration.
Qian is known as the “father of China’s aerospace”. His spirit continues to inspire China’s young generations today. He passed away in 2009, but his contributions will never be forgotten.
【解析】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文，介绍中国伟大科学家钱学森的生平事迹、贡献及影响；
②时态：以一般过去时为主，描述钱学森的出生、求学、回国、工作及逝世等生平事件；使用一般现在时强调其地位、精神的延续性和贡献的不朽性；
③提示：文章围绕钱学森展开，包含其基本生平、回国后的贡献、历史地位及精神影响，内容完整，逻辑清晰。
[写作步骤]
第一步，开篇点明钱学森是中国最伟大的科学家之一，简述早期经历；
第二步，讲述其为中国导弹和太空探索成就奠定基础，突出核心贡献；
第三步，总结其“中国航天之父”的地位，说明其精神对当代中国青年的激励作用，升华主题。
[亮点词汇]
①further education深造
②devote oneself to致力于
③aerospace航天
④lay the foundation for 为……奠定基础
⑤pass away逝世
⑥contributions贡献
[高分句型]
①Born in Shanghai in 1911, he graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and then went to America for further education.（过去分词“Born”作状语）
②He devoted himself to the development of China’s aerospace science and technology.（“devote oneself to” 短语，体现其对航天事业的专注和奉献）
③Under his leadership, Chinese scientists successfully developed the country’s first satellite, Dongfanghong-1.（“Under his leadership”介词短语作状语）
④Qian is known as the “father of China’s aerospace”.（“be known as”结构，明确其历史地位）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

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