资源简介

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
　　
维度一：基础题型练
1.Covering an area of 20，546 square meters， it allows visitors to take a pleasant walk in the quiet and green forest， 　　　　　　includes many different kinds of trees.
2.When the freezing cold night fell， the visitors sat around the stage 　　　　　　the fire show was performed.
3.Don’t forget to show up at 5 p.m.， 　　　　　we gather to go back to school together at the entrance to the Cherry Blossom Garden.
4.Just 　　　　　　the old saying goes，“Each coin has two sides.”
5.China， 　　　　　　was founded in 1949， is becoming more and more powerful.
6.Last Sunday they reached Nanjing， 　　　　　a conference was to be held.
7.There are two buildings， the larger of 　　　　　　　　stands nearly a hundred feet high.
8.Mr Smith， 　　　　　　native language is English， can speak Chinese fluently.
9.You have a full preparation before this event， 　　　　　　is the most important reason why you show up here.
10.As you know， we have the summer and winter vacation， 　　　　　　we can do whatever we like， such as traveling， writing and so on.
11.There are many interesting clubs， 　　　　　they can do what they want most， 　　　　　　makes them not tired of the learning.
12.We will always remember the moment 　　　　　　　　my classmate Li Chong crossed the finishing line.
维度二：语法与写作
1.我写信邀请你参加下周六在我们学校举办的音乐节。
I’m writing to invite you to take part in the music festival， 　　　　　　　.
2.我精通英语，这使我与外国人自由交谈成为可能。
I have a good command of English， 　　　　　　
　　　　　　　.
3.我写信申请我们学校英语协会所提供的职位。
I’m writing to apply for the position 　　　　　　
　　　　　　　.
4.任何想要观看电影的同学要求在下午两点之前到达。
Those 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　are required to arrive before two in the afternoon.
5.我建议你申请北京大学，它是中国最好的大学之一。
I suggest that you apply for Peking University， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
6.我想向你推荐京剧俱乐部，我相信你可以从中学到很多。
I’d like to recommend Peking Opera Club to you， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
7.我们学校里的老师大多数都是三十多岁，他们把一切都奉献给了我们。
The teachers of our school， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， have devoted themselves to us.
8.运动会将在9月份举行，那时候天气就没有这么热了。
The sports meeting will be held in September， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
维度三：句型转换
　　用定语从句改写下列句子。
1.The novelist got hurt in the accident and it made his wife so worried.
→The novelist got hurt in the accident， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.I have a friend and his son was admitted to Peking University last year.
→I have a friend， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.It has been announced that we shall have our final exam next month.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we shall have our final exam next month.
4.We walked down the village street and people were having a market day there.
→We walked down the village street， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.The little boys were cleaning the windows and most of them were dirty.
→The little boys were cleaning the windows， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
维度四：语法与语篇
　　用适当的关系词完成下面短文。
Nat， 1.　　　　　　 was ten years old， lived in a small town in England， but one day he decided to go to Spain， 2.　　　　　　 all his friends liked to go for their holidays.First he went to Madrid， 3.　　　　　　 is the capital of Spain， and stayed in a small hotel.On the first morning， he went out for a walk.In England， people drive on the left.But in Spain， they drive on the right， 4.　　　　　　 he forgot.While he was walking along a busy street， a bike 5.　　　　　　 came before him knocked him down.Nat was sent to the hospital.After two days， Nat left Spain and returned to England.He told his friends that he wouldn’t forget the days 6.　　　　　 he stayed in Spain.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·兰州高二下学期质检）This year， it was harder than ever to get into Harvard University.The prestigious college announced their lowest acceptance rate ever， welcoming only 1，968 of 57，435 first-year applicants into their hallowed halls.Thanks to Abigail Mack’s moving， insightful essay， she will be one of the lucky students to matriculate this fall.
The Massachusetts high school senior used TikTok to share a part of the essay that made her one of the 4 percent of applicants who made the cut.Her paper focused on an unusual theme： the letter “S”.
“I hate the letter ‘S’，” she read aloud on TikTok.“Of the 164，777 words with ‘S’， I only struggle with one.To condemn an entire letter because of its use 0.0006 percent of the time sounds statistically absurd， but that one case changed 100 percent of my life.I used to have two parents， but now I have one， and the ‘S’ in ‘parents’ isn’t going anywhere.”
“‘S’ follows me，” she continued.“I can’t get through a day without being reminded that while my friends went out to dinner with their parents， I ate with my parent.As I write this essay， there is a blue line under the word ‘parent’ telling me to check my grammar； even Grammarly assumes that I should have parents， but cancer doesn’t listen to edit suggestions.”
She went on to explain that she fled that dreaded letter by throwing herself into school activities.She joined clubs， sports， and performed in theatrical productions， all in an effort to dull the pain of losing her mom.Eventually， she realized she was hiding from her pain and decided to face it head-on.She took over the “S” for her own purposes.Now， instead of thinking about the “S” in parents， she concentrates on the double “S” in passion.
Abigail’s essay earned her a spot at several top colleges and she has officially been accepted into the class of 2025 in Harvard.In the meantime， her essay has gone viral with over 16 million views！
1.What did the letter “S” mean to Abigail Mack？
A.A terrible failure.
B.A special challenge.
C.An unfortunate fact.
D.A painful experience.
2.What can we infer from Paragraphs 4 and 5 about Abigail Mack？
A.She isn’t good at typing.
B.She has poor grammar.
C.Her father has got cancer.
D.Her mother has passed away.
3.How did Abigail Mack deal with her situation？
A.By writing some essays.
B.By reading some books.
C.By engaging in various activities.
D.By taking part in competitions.
4.What would be the best title for the text？
A.Teen’s Special Feeling for the Letter “S”
B.Teen’s Essay Won Great Popularity Online
C.Teen’s Secret to Achieve Academic Success
D.Teen Got Admitted to Harvard for Her Essay
B
　　（2024·济宁高二下学期月考）Do you believe that most people are greedy or generous？ It is easy to come up with examples of stories that could support either conclusion if we are relying on our memories or on our gut.
Recently， a team of researchers sought to investigate this question in partnership with the TED organization.TED generously gave away $10，000 each to 200 lucky individuals （yes， you read that correctly）， which essentially means these participants won a lottery （besides being asked to spend all the money in three months rather than save it）.These participants were from three low-income countries （Indonesia， Brazil， Kenya） and four high-income countries （Australia， Canada， UK， USA）.Over the next three months， participants were asked to track their spending to examine how generously versus selfishly this money was spent.They reported their spending to the researchers a few months later.
Of the $10，000 participants received， they spent $6，431 on other people.To be clear， this also included certain behaviours in which the participants themselves benefitted personally （such as taking their friends out to dinner or paying for a family vacation）.But still， people are very generous.Participants gave away $1，697 strictly to charity or non-profit organizations.
The researchers expected that if people publicly shared how they spent their money， they would be more generous.To check if this was correct， they asked half of the participants to post on Twitter about how they spent the money.The other half was asked to keep their spending “private”.
Surprisingly， the researchers saw that “generous spending was similar” between Twitter and private groups.The mini lottery winners were no more or less generous depending on whether they posted their spending on Twitter versus kept it to themselves.The authors admitted they expected the Twitter group to spend more generously， but this prediction was not supported by the data.People did not need to have their spending shown publicly to behave generously.
5.What’s the purpose of the team of researchers？
A.To confirm a scientific theory.
B.To research into human nature.
C.To analyse people’s economic behaviour.
D.To understand people’s spending habits.
6.What do we know about the study conducted by the TED organization？
A.It cost about one million dollars.
B.It focused on low-income people.
C.The participants were required to report their spending.
D.The participants could spend the money without restriction.
7.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to？
A.People’s sharing how they spent.
B.People’s keeping their spending private.
C.People’s being more selfish in private.
D.People’s being more generous in public.
8.What does the author intend to tell us by writing the text？
A.Humans are fundamentally generous.
B.Money that is easily got will be spent soon.
C.Sharing spending online makes people generous.
D.People prefer to keep their spending to themselves.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2024·郑州高二上学期期末考试）How long does it take to become an expert in your field？　9　？ That’s what John Hayes， a cognitive psychology professor at Carnegie Mellon University， wanted to know.
For decades， Hayes has been investigating the role of effort， practice， and knowledge in top performers.　10　 — people like Mozart and Picasso — to determine how long it took them to become world class at their craft.
Let’s talk about what Hayes has discovered about world class performers.And more importantly， let’s discuss how you can use these insights to achieve your goals and become your best.
　11　.He analysed thousands of musical pieces produced from 1685 to 1900.The central question that drove his work was，“How long after one becomes interested in music is it that one becomes world class？”
Eventually， Hayes developed a list of 500 pieces of “masterworks”， which were created by a total of 76 composers.　12　.And then he calculated how long they had been working before they created their popular works.What he discovered was that virtually every single “masterwork” was written after year ten of the composer’s career.
　13　.Even a genius like Mozart had to work for at least ten years before he produced something that became popular.Professor Hayes began to refer to this period， which was filled with hard work and little recognition， as the “ten years of silence”.
In follow-up studies， Hayes found similar patterns among famous painters and popular poets.These findings have been further confirmed by research from professors like K.Anders Ericsson， who produced research that revealed that you needed to put in “10，000 hours” to become an expert in your field.
A.It takes time to achieve your goal
B.And what do people like doing in their spare time
C.He has studied the most talented creators in history
D.Hayes started his research by examining successful composers
E.Next， Hayes mapped out the timeline of each composer’s career
F.And what do the successful people do differently than the rest of us
G.Not a single person produced incredible work without putting in a decade of practice first
9.　 　　　　　10.　　　　　　11.　　　　
12.　　　 13.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·无锡高二上学期期末考试）A self-taught painter in Chongqing who spent four years creating 100 illustrations of 100 cities in China， has attracted a lot of attention online.
Pu Zhen， who was born in Chongqing in 1993， 　14　 in animation design at college.He started teaching himself painting nine years ago.“The most difficult part is to 　15　 my own painting style through 　16　 practice，” he said.
In 2018， 　17　 by an old notebook he had filled with the names of Chinese cities， he 　18　 the idea of doing a unique illustration for each.“I just 　19　 my inspiration in creating the city series.Each illustration 　20　 a city’s typical features，” he said.
The creative 　21　 of the main elements of each city are 　22　， some are mountains， rivers， and iconic buildings， and some are cultural legends.However， they all have the moon as a common image.
“The biggest 　23　 is myself，” said Pu， adding that during the time-consuming 　24　， he had to overcome loneliness and inner-conflicts.“But I do feel 　25　 that my works are acknowledged by many fans online.Traditional Chinese city 　26　 are always worth passing on.”
Not only are Pu’s paintings well 　27　 online， but the netizens are eager to appreciate more.　28　， everyone wants to see their hometowns painted by Pu Zhen.In the future， Pu plans to travel around the country and create illustrations for more cities.
14.A.studied　　　　　　　B.majored
C.worked D.researched
15.A.figure out B.go over
C.make up D.turn down
16.A.casual B.constant
C.formal D.random
17.A.moved B.encouraged
C.taught D.inspired
18.A.put up with B.came up with
C.took care of D.made use of
19.A.invented B.followed
C.imagined D.discovered
20.A.determines B.suggests
C.reflects D.impresses
21.A.sources B.stories
C.messages D.materials
22.A.stable B.similar
C.obvious D.different
23.A.challenge B.honour
C.improvement D.victory
24.A.course B.process
C.moment D.stage
25.A.surprised B.confused
C.delighted D.touched
26.A.cultures B.policies
C.systems D.values
27.A.judged B.commented
C.accepted D.received
28.A.Undoubtedly B.Eventually
C.Hopefully D.Generally
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　In a refreshing shift from conventional methods， some post-90 teachers in China are using memes （表情包）， cute comments， and personalized feedback in their grading practices， 　29　（receive） praise from parents and students alike.This innovative approach in education is reshaping the way students receive feedback on 　30　（they） exams and assignments， making the learning process more engaging and enjoyable.
Gone are the days of impersonal and serious 　31　（comment）.Teachers are now using more conversational language in their evaluations， addressing students as “you” or “dear” instead of the formal “the student”.
The use of memes and hand-drawn images in marking papers 　32　（be） not just about adding a touch of fun； it serves as a motivational tool for students.This trend has caught the attention of the online community， 　33　 many expressing their wish to have had such creative and supportive teachers.
　34　 adoption of memes and personalized words in grading represents a significant shift in educational practices in China.It not only aids in reducing the stress and pressure 　35　（associate） with academic performance but also builds a 　36　（strong） relationship between teachers and students.This method reflects a broader movement towards more empathetic and student-centered teaching， 　37　 the focus is on encouragement and individual growth rather than solely on grades.
As these innovative practices gain 　38　（popular）， they promise to transform the educational experience for students， making learning more enjoyable and less frightening.
29.　　　　　　30.　　　　　　31.　　　　
32.　　　 33.　　　 34.　　　
35.　　　 36.　　　 37.　　　
38.　　　
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.which　2.where 　3.when　4.as　5.which　6.where　7.which　8.whose　9.which　10.when　11.where； which
12.when
维度二
1.which will be held in our school next Saturday
2.which makes it possible for me to communicate with foreigners freely
3.that/which the English Association of our school offers
4.who want to watch the movie
5.which is one of the best universities in China
6.from which I believe you will learn a lot
7.most of whom are in their thirties
8.when the weather won’t be so hot
维度三
1.which made his wife so worried
2.whose son was admitted to Peking University last year
3.As has been announced
4.where people were having a market day
5.most of which were dirty
维度四
1.who　2.where　3.which　4.which　5.which/that　6.when
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Abigail Mack是美国马萨诸塞州的一名高中生，她凭着一篇感人的文章被哈佛大学录取。
1.C　推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，由于Abigail Mack缺少父母当中的一位，所以别人写parents时，她要写单数的parent。由此可知，标志复数的字母“S”让她想到自己单亲这个不幸的事实。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Grammarly assumes that I should have parents， but cancer doesn’t listen to edit suggestions和第五段中的all in an effort to dull the pain of losing her mom可知，Abigail Mack的母亲因为癌症离世了。
3.C　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，为了逃避可怕的字母“S”，Abigail Mack全身心地投入到学校的各种活动中。她参加俱乐部、体育运动，并在戏剧作品中表演等，所有这些都是为了减轻失去母亲的痛苦。
4.D　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要讲述了美国高中生Abigail Mack因一篇文章在网上引起轰动并被哈佛大学录取的故事。因此D项为文章最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人性究竟是贪婪还是慷慨？研究人员和TED机构联合发起的一项大型研究发现，这一问题的答案是乐观的。
5.B　推理判断题。根据第一、二段可知，研究人员和TED机构联合发起的这项大型研究主要是想找到“人性本贪婪还是慷慨”这一问题的答案。也就是说，它关注的焦点是人性。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，这项研究的研究对象有200人，每人获得1万美元；研究对象来自7个国家：3个低收入国家，4个高收入国家；研究对象要求在3个月内花完这1万美元，然后将每个人的消费情况汇报给研究人员。
7.D　代词指代题。根据语境可知，这里的this指代上句提到的“如果人们公开分享他们的消费明细，那么他们会更慷慨”这一事实。
8.A　主旨大意题。文章开头提出问题：人性究竟是贪婪还是慷慨？然后结合一项大型研究来揭示了这一问题的答案：人性从根本上来说是慷慨的。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。卡内基梅隆大学认知心理学教授约翰·海斯的一项研究发现，那些天才人物的第一首成名作几乎都要经过十年默默无闻的辛勤耕耘后才会诞生。
9.F　根据下文可知，约翰·海斯教授研究的对象都是成功人物，故F项符合语境。
10.C　下文people like Mozart and Picasso暗示这里应该提到伟大的天才人物，这与C项中的the most talented creators正好匹配。
11.D　根据下文He analysed thousands of musical pieces可知，约翰·海斯教授先研究一些成功的作曲家。故D项符合语境。
12.E　根据下文then he calculated how long ... popular works可知，在此之前他必然要先绘制每位作曲家职业生涯的时间表，故E项符合语境。
13.G　上下文都在陈述天才人物要经过十年默默无闻的辛勤耕耘后才会诞生第一首成名作这一事实，故G项符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。重庆一位名叫朴缜的90后画师用4年时间给100个中国城市绘制画像，一城一景，描绘了月光之下美轮美奂的中国城市景象。
14.B　根据下文animation design at college可知，朴缜大学所学的专业是动画设计。major in表示“主修”。
15.A　在朴缜看来，学习画画最困难的是弄清楚自己的绘画风格。figure out表示“想出；弄清楚”。
16.B　根据常识可知，要想弄清楚自己的绘画风格，就需要在不断的实践中探索。
17.D　朴缜小时候在一本笔记本上记录了很多城市的名字，2018年他受到这本笔记本的启发，开始给中国城市画像。
18.B　当时他想出了给中国每座城市画一幅独特的画像的想法。come up with表示“想出”。
19.B　follow one’s inspiration为固定用法，表示“追随某人的灵感”。
20.C　这里表示每一幅画像都反映了每座城市的典型特色。
21.A　根据下文可知，这里说明不同城市主体元素的创意来源。
22.D　不同城市主体元素的创意来源是不同的：有的是山水建筑，有的是人文传说。
23.A　根据下文he had to overcome loneliness and inner-conflicts可知，这里朴缜在讲述他所面临的挑战。
24.B　根据常识可知，绘制100幅图是一个很费时的过程。
25.C　根据下文my works are acknowledged by many fans online可知，朴缜感到非常高兴。
26.A　根据上文可知，朴缜所绘图画中传递的是中国城市的传统文化元素。
27.D　根据上文my works are acknowledged by many fans online可知，朴缜的作品在网上受到好评。be well received受到好评。
28.A　根据语境可知，网友们渴望看到朴缜更多的城市肖像画是一个不可否认的事实。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如今中国的一些90后教师正在使用表情包和可爱的个性化评语来给学生写评语，得到了家长和学生的一致好评。
29.receiving　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，这里是一个结果状语，由于receive与其逻辑主语teachers是主动关系，因此这里应用动词-ing形式。
30.their　考查代词。本空后面是名词exams，因此这里应用形容词性物主代词来修饰它。
31.comments　考查名词复数。comment为可数名词，通常用复数形式。
32.is　考查主谓一致。本句主语为The use，为单数形式，根据语境可知，应用一般现在时，故填系动词is。
33.with　考查介词。这里是一个由“with＋代词＋动词-ing形式”构成的with复合结构，表示一种伴随情况或补充说明。
34.The　考查冠词。这里特指对表情包和个性化评语的“采用”，因此用定冠词The。
35.associated　考查非谓语动词。be associated with sb/sth是固定用法，表示“与……有关”，因此这里用过去分词作后置定语。
36.stronger　考查形容词的比较级。下文a broader movement towards more empathetic and student-centered teaching暗示这里是将新型评语和传统评语进行对比，因此这里应用形容词的比较级。
37.where　考查定语从句。student-centered teaching是先行词，表示一种领域，可以视为一个抽象的地点，因此用关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句。
38.popularity　考查词形转换。本空前面是动词gain，因此这里应用名词来作其宾语。
1 / 3Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
非限制性定语从句
1.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize， which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.
2.Tu Youyou went to Hainan， where malaria was more common， to study malaria patients.
3.Later， the medicine was tested on malaria patients， most of whom recovered.
4.He wanted to know what I thought， which confused me because I thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did.
【我的发现】
1.以上句子皆为　　　　　　定语从句，从句与主句之间用　　　　隔开。
2.非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之中（如句2），前后都用　　　　隔开，也可以置于主句之后（如句1、3、4）。
3.非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是指人或指物的某一名词（如句1、2、3），也可以指代整个　　　　的内容（如句4）。
一、非限制性定语从句的特点
1.非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附加说明；如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。
I will never forget this experience， which will always be one of the most precious memories of my life.
我永远不会忘记这段经历，它将永远是我人生中最宝贵的回忆之一。
My teacher， who had always believed in me， was proud of my achievement.
我的老师，一直相信我，为我的成就感到骄傲。
I am grateful to my teacher， whose encouragement and support helped me discover my potential.
我感谢我的老师，他的鼓励和支持让我发现了自己的潜能。
2.非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以为单个的名词或代词，也可以为整个句子或其中一部分，且常译成并列的分句。
We’ll graduate in June， when we will be free.（先行词为名词）
我们将于六月份毕业，那时我们就自由了。
He often comes to class late， which makes his teacher very angry.（先行词为主句的内容）
他经常上课迟到，这使他的老师很生气。
【即时演练1】　用适当的关系词填空
①Last summer， I learned the new skill of traditional Chinese painting， 　　　　　　turned out to be a fulfilling journey.
②I recommend my friend Wang Ming， 　　　　　　is one of the most suitable friends to take my place next week.
③A movie is being shown these days， 　　　　　　theme is to save the Earth and protect our common home.
④Many young people， most of 　　　　were well-educated， headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
⑤We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， 　　　　　　the weather may be better.
二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
1.关系代词
（1）关系代词who、 whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人；who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语； whom作宾语；介词后用whom，不用who；
（2）whose作定语，先行词是人时，“whose＋名词”相当于“the＋名词＋of whom”；先行词是物时，“whose＋名词”相当于“the＋名词＋of which”；
（3）which指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
This is our headmaster， who I think has something crucial to tell you.
这是我们的校长，我认为他有至关重要的事情要告诉你。
There are twenty students in this class， whose backgrounds are different.
这个班上有20名学生，他们的背景各不相同。
He has been busy with his work the whole holiday， which has made his girlfriend unhappy.
他整个假期都忙于工作，这让他的女朋友很不高兴。
名师点津
（1）that不可引导非限制性定语从句；
（2）which引导的非限制性定语从句既可指代整句话的内容，也可指代某个词或词组，但是不能置于句首。
He was late for the meeting， which made the chairman very angry.（which指代整个主句的内容）
他开会迟到了，这使主席非常生气。
I want to buy the house， which has a garden.（which指代the house）
我想买这座房子，它带有一个花园。
2.关系副词
（1）when指代时间，在从句中作时间状语，可与“介词＋which”互换；
（2）where指代地点，在从句中作地点状语，可与“介词＋which”互换；
（3）why不能引导非限制性定语从句，可用for which代替。
We will put off the outing until next Sunday， when/on which we won’t be so busy.
我们将推迟郊游到下个星期天，那时我们就不会这么忙了。
Yesterday， they went out to have a picnic in the park， where/in which they had a good time.
昨天，他们去公园野餐了，在那里他们玩得很开心。
The reason， for which he was absent from the meeting， wasn’t clear.
他缺席会议的原因不清楚。
【即时演练2】　用适当的关系词填空
①Kate， 　　　　　　sister I shared a room with when we were at college， has gone to work in Australia.
②He is a Chinese student named Li Hua， 　　　　　　is studying in London during the summer vacation.
③In conclusion， we all look forward to attending your class， 　　　　　　we can take the chance to improve our oral English.
④The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on 15 August of the Chinese lunar calendar， 　　　　　　　a family get together and enjoy the dinner.
⑤The main activities of the festival， 　　　　　　include competitions for kite making and flying， are scheduled.
三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
as which
指代 只能指代整个主句的内容 既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 不可位于主句之前
意义 正如 这，那
功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句
As is often the case， I have got inspiration as well as encouragement from the paper.
我经常从这份报纸中得到灵感和鼓舞。
The singer， as was expected， achieved great success.正如人们所期盼的那样，这位歌手取得了巨大的成功。
He failed to pass the English exam， which made his father very angry.
他英语考试不及格，这让他的父亲很生气。
【即时演练3】　选词填空（as/which）
①　　　　　　 is mentioned in your report， traditional Chinese medicine has shown great power in the epidemic prevention.
②There is no simple answer， 　　　　　　is often the case in science.
③The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China， 　　　　　　he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
④　　　　　　 is known to all， Hangzhou is one of the best tourist cities in China.
四、 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词＋关系代词”中，关系代词用whom指人， 用which指物。
In the dark street， there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。
The committee consists of ten members， all of whom are in favour of the plan.
委员会由十人组成，他们都支持这一方案。
I expressed my sincere gratitude to John， without whose help I couldn’t have finished my task.
我向约翰表达了我诚挚的谢意，没有他的帮助，我不可能完成我的任务。
【即时演练4】　用适当的关系词填空
①Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore， three of 　　　　　　were English novels.
②Participants， most of 　　　　　　are middle school students， will meet at the Olympic forest park.
③You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms， of 　　　　　　paper-cutting is one of the most popular.
conclusion n.结论；推论
【教材原句】　Did you come to any conclusions？你得出什么结论了吗？
【用法】
（1）come to/reach/draw a conclusion　得出结论
in conclusion 总之；最后
（2）conclude v. 结束；终止；推断出
conclude from ... 从……中推断出
conclude sth with sth/by doing sth以某事/通过做某事结束某事
【佳句】　①In conclusion， I do hope that you can take what I’ve stated above into account.
总之，我真的希望您能考虑我上面所说的。
②There are perhaps two main conclusions to be drawn from the above discussion.
从上述讨论中，我们或许可以得出两个主要结论。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Judging from the above story， we can draw the 　　　　　　（conclude） that we can’t judge a man from his looks.
②He concluded his speech 　　　　a famous saying “Where there is a will， there is a way.”
【写美】　一句多译
③我们可以得出结论：当我们面对困难的时候，只有通过共同合作我们才能克服困难。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when we face the difficulty， only by working together can we overcome it.（conclusion）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when we face the difficulty， only by working together can we overcome it.（conclude）
circumstance n.[usually pl.] 条件；环境；状况
【教材原句】　Her circumstances are beyond our control.我们无法掌控她的状况。
【用法】
in/under no circumstances 决不
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下
if circumstances allow/permit 如果条件允许的话
【佳句】　①Under/In no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity， which is vital for my future development.
我无论如何都不会错过这个宝贵的机会，这对我未来的发展至关重要。
②The meeting has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our control.
由于我们无法控制的情况，会议取消了。
【练透】　完成句子
①My partner was ill. 　　　　　　　　　　　（即使在这种情况下）， he still spared no effort to analyse and evaluate our collected data， and a feeling of admiration began to rise in my deep heart.
【写美】　句式升级
②While I haven’t achieved my initial objective， I will acknowledge defeat under no circumstances.
→While I haven’t achieved my initial objective， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（倒装句）
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.非限制性　逗号　2.逗号　3.主句
即时演练1
①which　②who　③whose　④whom　⑤when
即时演练2
①whose　②who　③where　④when　⑤which
即时演练3
①As　②as　③which　④As
即时演练4
①which　②whom　③which
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①conclusion　②with　③We can draw the conclusion that； We can conclude that
2.①Even in/under the circumstances　②under no circumstances will I acknowledge defeat
1 / 3(共85张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　
Learning About Language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
非限制性定语从句
1. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize， which is considered one of
the highest international honours a person can receive.
2. Tu Youyou went to Hainan， where malaria was more common， to
study malaria patients.
3. Later， the medicine was tested on malaria patients， most of whom
recovered.
4. He wanted to know what I thought， which confused me because I
thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did.
【我的发现】
1. 以上句子皆为 定语从句，从句与主句之间用
隔开。
2. 非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之中（如句2），前后都用
隔开，也可以置于主句之后（如句1、3、4）。
3. 非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是指人或指物的某一名词（如句
1、2、3），也可以指代整个 的内容（如句4）。
非限制性　
逗号　
逗
号　
主句　
一、非限制性定语从句的特点
1. 非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附
加说明；如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。
I will never forget this experience， which will always be one of the
most precious memories of my life.
我永远不会忘记这段经历，它将永远是我人生中最宝贵的回忆
之一。
My teacher， who had always believed in me， was proud of my
achievement.
我的老师，一直相信我，为我的成就感到骄傲。
I am grateful to my teacher， whose encouragement and support helped
me discover my potential.
我感谢我的老师，他的鼓励和支持让我发现了自己的潜能。
2. 非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以为单个的名词或代词，也可以为
整个句子或其中一部分，且常译成并列的分句。
We’ll graduate in June， when we will be free.（先行词为名词）
我们将于六月份毕业，那时我们就自由了。
He often comes to class late， which makes his teacher very angry.
（先行词为主句的内容）
他经常上课迟到，这使他的老师很生气。
【即时演练1】　用适当的关系词填空
①Last summer， I learned the new skill of traditional Chinese
painting， turned out to be a fulfilling journey.
②I recommend my friend Wang Ming， is one of the most
suitable friends to take my place next week.
③A movie is being shown these days， theme is to save the
Earth and protect our common home.
④Many young people， most of were well-educated， headed
for remote regions to chase their dreams.
⑤We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， the
weather may be better.
which　
who　
whose　
whom　
when　
二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
1. 关系代词
（1）关系代词who、 whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人；who
在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语； whom作宾语；介词后用
whom，不用who；
（2）whose作定语，先行词是人时，“whose＋名词”相当于“the
＋名词＋of whom”；先行词是物时，“whose＋名词”相当
于“the＋名词＋of which”；
（3）which指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
This is our headmaster， who I think has something crucial to tell
you.
这是我们的校长，我认为他有至关重要的事情要告诉你。
There are twenty students in this class， whose backgrounds are
different.
这个班上有20名学生，他们的背景各不相同。
He has been busy with his work the whole holiday， which has
made his girlfriend unhappy.
他整个假期都忙于工作，这让他的女朋友很不高兴。
名师点津
（1）that不可引导非限制性定语从句；
（2）which引导的非限制性定语从句既可指代整句话的内容，也可指
代某个词或词组，但是不能置于句首。
He was late for the meeting， which made the chairman very
angry.（which指代整个主句的内容）
他开会迟到了，这使主席非常生气。
I want to buy the house， which has a garden.（which指代the
house）
我想买这座房子，它带有一个花园。
2. 关系副词
（1）when指代时间，在从句中作时间状语，可与“介词＋which”
互换；
（2）where指代地点，在从句中作地点状语，可与“介词＋
which”互换；
（3）why不能引导非限制性定语从句，可用for which代替。
We will put off the outing until next Sunday， when/on which we
won’t be so busy.
我们将推迟郊游到下个星期天，那时我们就不会这么忙了。
Yesterday， they went out to have a picnic in the park， where/in
which they had a good time.
昨天，他们去公园野餐了，在那里他们玩得很开心。
The reason， for which he was absent from the meeting， wasn’t
clear.
他缺席会议的原因不清楚。
【即时演练2】　用适当的关系词填空
①Kate， sister I shared a room with when we were at
college， has gone to work in Australia.
②He is a Chinese student named Li Hua， is studying in
London during the summer vacation.
③In conclusion， we all look forward to attending your
class， we can take the chance to improve our oral English.
④The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on 15 August of the Chinese lunar
calendar， a family get together and enjoy the dinner.
⑤The main activities of the festival， include competitions for
kite making and flying， are scheduled.
whose　
who　
where　
when　
which　
三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
as which
指代 只能指代整个主句的内容 既可指代整个主句的内容，也可
指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之
中或之后 不可位于主句之前
意义 正如 这，那
功能 连接上下文，表达说
话人的观点、看法，
并指出主句内容的根
据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个
并列句
As is often the case， I have got inspiration as well as encouragement from
the paper.
我经常从这份报纸中得到灵感和鼓舞。
The singer， as was expected， achieved great success.
正如人们所期盼的那样，这位歌手取得了巨大的成功。
He failed to pass the English exam， which made his father very angry.
他英语考试不及格，这让他的父亲很生气。
【即时演练3】　选词填空（as/which）
① is mentioned in your report， traditional Chinese medicine has
shown great power in the epidemic prevention.
②There is no simple answer， is often the case in science.
③The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for
China， he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
④ is known to all， Hangzhou is one of the best tourist cities in
China.
As　
as　
which　
As　
四、 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词＋关系代词”中，关系代词用whom指人， 用which指物。
In the dark street， there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn
for help.
在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。
The committee consists of ten members， all of whom are in favour of the
plan.
委员会由十人组成，他们都支持这一方案。
I expressed my sincere gratitude to John， without whose help I couldn’t
have finished my task.
我向约翰表达了我诚挚的谢意，没有他的帮助，我不可能完成我
的任务。
【即时演练4】　用适当的关系词填空
①Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore， three
of were English novels.
②Participants， most of are middle school students， will
meet at the Olympic forest park.
③You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms， of
paper-cutting is one of the most popular.
which　
whom　
which　
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
conclusion n.结论；推论
【教材原句】　Did you come to any conclusions？你得出什么结
论了吗？
【用法】
（1）come to/reach/draw a conclusion　　　得出结论
in conclusion 总之；最后
（2）conclude v. 结束；终止；推断出
conclude from ... 从……中推断出
conclude sth with sth/by doing sth以某事/通过做某事结束某事
【佳句】　①In conclusion， I do hope that you can take what I’ve
stated above into account.
总之，我真的希望您能考虑我上面所说的。
②There are perhaps two main conclusions to be drawn from the above
discussion.
从上述讨论中，我们或许可以得出两个主要结论。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Judging from the above story， we can draw the
（conclude） that we can’t judge a man from his looks.
conclusion　
②He concluded his speech a famous saying “Where there is a
will， there is a way.”
【写美】　一句多译
③我们可以得出结论：当我们面对困难的时候，只有通过共同合作我
们才能克服困难。
→ when we face the difficulty， only
by working together can we overcome it.（conclusion）
→ when we face the difficulty， only by
working together can we overcome it.（conclude）
with　
We can draw the conclusion that　
We can conclude that　
circumstance n.[usually pl.] 条件；环境；状况
【教材原句】　Her circumstances are beyond our control.我们无法掌
控她的状况。
【用法】
in/under no circumstances　　决不
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下
if circumstances allow/permit 如果条件允许的话
【佳句】　①Under/In no circumstances will I miss this precious
opportunity， which is vital for my future development.我无论如何都不
会错过这个宝贵的机会，这对我未来的发展至关重要。
②The meeting has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our
control.
由于我们无法控制的情况，会议取消了。
①My partner was ill. （即使在这种
情况下）， he still spared no effort to analyse and evaluate our collected
data， and a feeling of admiration began to rise in my deep heart.
【写美】　句式升级
②While I haven’t achieved my initial objective， I will acknowledge
defeat under no circumstances.
→While I haven’t achieved my initial objective，
.（倒装句）
Even in/under the circumstances　
under no
circumstances will I acknowledge defeat　
【练透】　完成句子
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
1. Covering an area of 20，546 square meters， it allows visitors to take a
pleasant walk in the quiet and green forest， includes many
different kinds of trees.
2. When the freezing cold night fell， the visitors sat around the
stage the fire show was performed.
which　
where　
3. Don’t forget to show up at 5 p.m.， we gather to go back to
school together at the entrance to the Cherry Blossom Garden.
4. Just the old saying goes，“Each coin has two sides.”
5. China， was founded in 1949， is becoming more and more
powerful.
6. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing， a conference was to be
held.
7. There are two buildings， the larger of stands nearly a
hundred feet high.
when　
as　
which　
where　
which　
8. Mr Smith， native language is English， can speak Chinese
fluently.
9. You have a full preparation before this event， is the most
important reason why you show up here.
10. As you know， we have the summer and winter vacation，
we can do whatever we like， such as traveling， writing and so on.
11. There are many interesting clubs， they can do what they
want most， makes them not tired of the learning.
12. We will always remember the moment my classmate Li
Chong crossed the finishing line.
whose　
which　
when　
where　
which　
when　
维度二：语法与写作
1. 我写信邀请你参加下周六在我们学校举办的音乐节。
I’m writing to invite you to take part in the music festival，
.
2. 我精通英语，这使我与外国人自由交谈成为可能。
I have a good command of English，
.
which
will be held in our school next Saturday　
which makes it possible for me
to communicate with foreigners freely　
3. 我写信申请我们学校英语协会所提供的职位。
I’m writing to apply for the position
.
4. 任何想要观看电影的同学要求在下午两点之前到达。
Those are required to arrive before
two in the afternoon.
5. 我建议你申请北京大学，它是中国最好的大学之一。
I suggest that you apply for Peking University，
.
that/which the English
Association of our school offers　
who want to watch the movie　
which is one of the
best universities in China　
6. 我想向你推荐京剧俱乐部，我相信你可以从中学到很多。
I’d like to recommend Peking Opera Club to you，
.
7. 我们学校里的老师大多数都是三十多岁，他们把一切都奉献给
了我们。
The teachers of our school， ，
have devoted themselves to us.
from which I
believe you will learn a lot　
most of whom are in their thirties　
8. 运动会将在9月份举行，那时候天气就没有这么热了。
The sports meeting will be held in September，
.
when the weather
won’t be so hot　
维度三：句型转换
　　用定语从句改写下列句子。
1. The novelist got hurt in the accident and it made his wife so worried.
→The novelist got hurt in the accident，
.
2. I have a friend and his son was admitted to Peking University last year.
→I have a friend，
.
which made his wife so
worried　
whose son was admitted to Peking University last
year　
3. It has been announced that we shall have our final exam next month.
→ ， we shall have our final exam next
month.
4. We walked down the village street and people were having a market day
there.
→We walked down the village street，
.
As has been announced　
where people were having a
market day　
5. The little boys were cleaning the windows and most of them were dirty.
→The little boys were cleaning the windows，
.
most of which were
dirty　
维度四：语法与语篇
　　用适当的关系词完成下面短文。
Nat， 1. was ten years old， lived in a small town in
England， but one day he decided to go to Spain， 2. all his
friends liked to go for their holidays.First he went to Madrid，
3. is the capital of Spain， and stayed in a small hotel.On the
first morning， he went out for a walk.In England， people drive on the
left.But in Spain， they drive on the right，
who　
where　
which　
4. he forgot.While he was walking along a busy street， a bike
5. came before him knocked him down.Nat was sent to the
hospital.After two days， Nat left Spain and returned to England.He told
his friends that he wouldn’t forget the days 6. he stayed in Spain.
which　
which/that　
when　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·兰州高二下学期质检）This year， it was harder than ever
to get into Harvard University.The prestigious college announced their
lowest acceptance rate ever， welcoming only 1，968 of 57，435 first-
year applicants into their hallowed halls.Thanks to Abigail Mack’s
moving， insightful essay， she will be one of the lucky students to
matriculate this fall.
The Massachusetts high school senior used TikTok to share a part of
the essay that made her one of the 4 percent of applicants who made the
cut.Her paper focused on an unusual theme： the letter “S”.
“I hate the letter ‘S’，” she read aloud on TikTok.“Of the
164，777 words with ‘S’， I only struggle with one.To condemn an
entire letter because of its use 0.0006 percent of the time sounds
statistically absurd， but that one case changed 100 percent of my life.I
used to have two parents， but now I have one， and the ‘S’ in
‘parents’ isn’t going anywhere.”
“‘S’ follows me，” she continued.“I can’t get through a day
without being reminded that while my friends went out to dinner with their
parents， I ate with my parent.As I write this essay， there is a blue line
under the word ‘parent’ telling me to check my grammar； even
Grammarly assumes that I should have parents， but cancer doesn’t listen
to edit suggestions.”
She went on to explain that she fled that dreaded letter by throwing
herself into school activities.She joined clubs， sports， and performed in
theatrical productions， all in an effort to dull the pain of losing her
mom.Eventually， she realized she was hiding from her pain and decided
to face it head-on.She took over the “S” for her own purposes.Now，
instead of thinking about the “S” in parents， she concentrates on the
double “S” in passion.
Abigail’s essay earned her a spot at several top colleges and she has
officially been accepted into the class of 2025 in Harvard.In the
meantime， her essay has gone viral with over 16 million views！
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Abigail Mack是美国马萨诸塞州的一
名高中生，她凭着一篇感人的文章被哈佛大学录取。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Abigail Mack是美国马萨诸塞州的一
名高中生，她凭着一篇感人的文章被哈佛大学录取。
1. What did the letter “S” mean to Abigail Mack？
A. A terrible failure.
B. A special challenge.
C. An unfortunate fact.
D. A painful experience.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，由于Abigail
Mack缺少父母当中的一位，所以别人写parents时，她要写单数
的parent。由此可知，标志复数的字母“S”让她想到自己单亲
这个不幸的事实。
2. What can we infer from Paragraphs 4 and 5 about Abigail Mack？
A. She isn’t good at typing.
B. She has poor grammar.
C. Her father has got cancer.
D. Her mother has passed away.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Grammarly assumes that I
should have parents， but cancer doesn’t listen to edit suggestions和第
五段中的all in an effort to dull the pain of losing her mom可知，
Abigail Mack的母亲因为癌症离世了。
3. How did Abigail Mack deal with her situation？
A. By writing some essays.
B. By reading some books.
C. By engaging in various activities.
D. By taking part in competitions.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，为了逃避可怕的字母
“S”，Abigail Mack全身心地投入到学校的各种活动中。她参加俱
乐部、体育运动，并在戏剧作品中表演等，所有这些都是为了减轻
失去母亲的痛苦。
4. What would be the best title for the text？
A. Teen’s Special Feeling for the Letter “S”
B. Teen’s Essay Won Great Popularity Online
C. Teen’s Secret to Achieve Academic Success
D. Teen Got Admitted to Harvard for Her Essay
解析： 　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要讲述了美国高中
生Abigail Mack因一篇文章在网上引起轰动并被哈佛大学录取的故
事。因此D项为文章最佳标题。
B
　　（2024·济宁高二下学期月考）Do you believe that most people are
greedy or generous？ It is easy to come up with examples of stories that
could support either conclusion if we are relying on our memories or on
our gut.
Recently， a team of researchers sought to investigate this question in
partnership with the TED organization.TED generously gave away $10，
000 each to 200 lucky individuals （yes， you read that correctly），
which essentially means these participants won a lottery （besides being
asked to spend all the money in three months rather than save it）.These
participants were from three low-income countries （Indonesia， Brazil，
Kenya） and four high-income countries （Australia， Canada， UK，
USA）.Over the next three months， participants were asked to track their
spending to examine how generously versus selfishly this money was
spent.They reported their spending to the researchers a few months later.
Of the $10，000 participants received， they spent $6，431 on other
people.To be clear， this also included certain behaviours in which the
participants themselves benefitted personally （such as taking their friends
out to dinner or paying for a family vacation）.But still， people are very
generous.Participants gave away $1，697 strictly to charity or non-profit
organizations.
The researchers expected that if people publicly shared how they
spent their money， they would be more generous.To check if this was
correct， they asked half of the participants to post on Twitter about how
they spent the money.The other half was asked to keep their spending
“private”.
Surprisingly， the researchers saw that “generous spending was
similar” between Twitter and private groups.The mini lottery winners
were no more or less generous depending on whether they posted their
spending on Twitter versus kept it to themselves.The authors admitted they
expected the Twitter group to spend more generously， but this prediction
was not supported by the data.People did not need to have their spending
shown publicly to behave generously.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人性究竟是贪婪还是慷慨？研究人
员和TED机构联合发起的一项大型研究发现，这一问题的答案是乐
观的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人性究竟是贪婪还是慷慨？研究人
员和TED机构联合发起的一项大型研究发现，这一问题的答案是乐
观的。
5. What’s the purpose of the team of researchers？
A. To confirm a scientific theory.
B. To research into human nature.
C. To analyse people’s economic behaviour.
D. To understand people’s spending habits.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第一、二段可知，研究人员和TED机
构联合发起的这项大型研究主要是想找到“人性本贪婪还是慷慨”
这一问题的答案。也就是说，它关注的焦点是人性。
6. What do we know about the study conducted by the TED organization？
A. It cost about one million dollars.
B. It focused on low-income people.
C. The participants were required to report their spending.
D. The participants could spend the money without restriction.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，这项研究的研究对象有
200人，每人获得1万美元；研究对象来自7个国家：3个低收入国
家，4个高收入国家；研究对象要求在3个月内花完这1万美元，然
后将每个人的消费情况汇报给研究人员。
7. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to？
A. People’s sharing how they spent.
B. People’s keeping their spending private.
C. People’s being more selfish in private.
D. People’s being more generous in public.
解析： 　代词指代题。根据语境可知，这里的this指代上句提
到的“如果人们公开分享他们的消费明细，那么他们会更慷
慨”这一事实。
8. What does the author intend to tell us by writing the text？
A. Humans are fundamentally generous.
B. Money that is easily got will be spent soon.
C. Sharing spending online makes people generous.
D. People prefer to keep their spending to themselves.
解析： 　主旨大意题。文章开头提出问题：人性究竟是贪婪还是
慷慨？然后结合一项大型研究来揭示了这一问题的答案：人性从根
本上来说是慷慨的。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2024·郑州高二上学期期末考试）How long does it take to
become an expert in your field？ 　9　？ That’s what John Hayes， a
cognitive psychology professor at Carnegie Mellon University， wanted to
know.
For decades， Hayes has been investigating the role of effort，
practice， and knowledge in top performers. 　10　 — people like Mozart
and Picasso — to determine how long it took them to become world class
at their craft.
Let’s talk about what Hayes has discovered about world class
performers.And more importantly， let’s discuss how you can use these
insights to achieve your goals and become your best.
　11　.He analysed thousands of musical pieces produced from 1685
to 1900.The central question that drove his work was，“How long after
one becomes interested in music is it that one becomes world class？”
Eventually， Hayes developed a list of 500 pieces of
“masterworks”， which were created by a total of 76
composers. 　12　.And then he calculated how long they had been
working before they created their popular works.What he discovered was
that virtually every single “masterwork” was written after year ten of the
composer’s career.
　13　.Even a genius like Mozart had to work for at least ten years
before he produced something that became popular.Professor Hayes began
to refer to this period， which was filled with hard work and little
recognition， as the “ten years of silence”.
In follow-up studies， Hayes found similar patterns among famous
painters and popular poets.These findings have been further confirmed by
research from professors like K. Anders Ericsson， who produced research
that revealed that you needed to put in “10，000 hours” to become an
expert in your field.
A. It takes time to achieve your goal
B. And what do people like doing in their spare time
C. He has studied the most talented creators in history
D. Hayes started his research by examining successful composers
E. Next， Hayes mapped out the timeline of each composer’s career
F. And what do the successful people do differently than the rest of us
G. Not a single person produced incredible work without putting in a
decade of practice first
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。卡内基梅隆大学认知心理学教授约
翰·海斯的一项研究发现，那些天才人物的第一首成名作几乎都要经
过十年默默无闻的辛勤耕耘后才会诞生。
9. F　根据下文可知，约翰·海斯教授研究的对象都是成功人物，故F
项符合语境。
10. C　下文people like Mozart and Picasso暗示这里应该提到伟大的天
才人物，这与C项中的the most talented creators正好匹配。
11. D　根据下文He analysed thousands of musical pieces可知，约翰·海
斯教授先研究一些成功的作曲家。故D项符合语境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。卡内基梅隆大学认知心理学教授约
翰·海斯的一项研究发现，那些天才人物的第一首成名作几乎都要经
过十年默默无闻的辛勤耕耘后才会诞生。
12. E　根据下文then he calculated how long ... popular works可
知，在此之前他必然要先绘制每位作曲家职业生涯的时间表，故E
项符合语境。
13. G　上下文都在陈述天才人物要经过十年默默无闻的辛勤耕耘后才
会诞生第一首成名作这一事实，故G项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·无锡高二上学期期末考试）A self-taught painter in
Chongqing who spent four years creating 100 illustrations of 100 cities in
China， has attracted a lot of attention online.
Pu Zhen， who was born in Chongqing in 1993， 　14　 in
animation design at college.He started teaching himself painting nine years
ago.“The most difficult part is to 　15　 my own painting style
through 　16　 practice，” he said.
In 2018， 　17　 by an old notebook he had filled with the names of
Chinese cities， he 　18　 the idea of doing a unique illustration for
each.“I just 　19　 my inspiration in creating the city series.Each
illustration 　20　 a city’s typical features，” he said.
The creative 　21　 of the main elements of each city are 　22　，
some are mountains， rivers， and iconic buildings， and some are
cultural legends.However， they all have the moon as a common image.
“The biggest 　23　 is myself，” said Pu， adding that during the
time-consuming 　24　， he had to overcome loneliness and inner-
conflicts.“But I do feel 　25　 that my works are acknowledged by many
fans online.Traditional Chinese city 　26　 are always worth passing
on.”
Not only are Pu’s paintings well 　27　 online， but the netizens are
eager to appreciate more. 　28　， everyone wants to see their hometowns
painted by Pu Zhen.In the future， Pu plans to travel around the country
and create illustrations for more cities.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。重庆一位名叫朴缜的90后画师用4年
时间给100个中国城市绘制画像，一城一景，描绘了月光之下美轮美
奂的中国城市景象。
14. A. studied B. majored
C. worked D. researched
解析： 　根据下文animation design at college可知，朴缜大学所学
的专业是动画设计。major in表示“主修”。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。重庆一位名叫朴缜的90后画师用4年
时间给100个中国城市绘制画像，一城一景，描绘了月光之下美轮美
奂的中国城市景象。
15. A. figure out B. go over
C. make up D. turn down
解析： 　在朴缜看来，学习画画最困难的是弄清楚自己的绘画风
格。figure out表示“想出；弄清楚”。
16. A. casual B. constant
C. formal D. random
解析： 　根据常识可知，要想弄清楚自己的绘画风格，就需要在
不断的实践中探索。
17. A. moved B. encouraged
C. taught D. inspired
解析： 　朴缜小时候在一本笔记本上记录了很多城市的名字，
2018年他受到这本笔记本的启发，开始给中国城市画像。
18. A. put up with B. came up with
C. took care of D. made use of
解析： 　当时他想出了给中国每座城市画一幅独特的画像的想
法。come up with表示“想出”。
19. A. invented B. followed
C. imagined D. discovered
解析： 　follow one’s inspiration为固定用法，表示“追随某人的
灵感”。
20. A. determines B. suggests
C. reflects D. impresses
解析： 　这里表示每一幅画像都反映了每座城市的典型特色。
21. A. sources B. stories
C. messages D. materials
解析： 　根据下文可知，这里说明不同城市主体元素的创意
来源。
22. A. stable B. similar
C. obvious D. different
解析： 　不同城市主体元素的创意来源是不同的：有的是山水建
筑，有的是人文传说。
23. A. challenge B. honour
C. improvement D. victory
解析：A　根据下文he had to overcome loneliness and inner-conflicts
可知，这里朴缜在讲述他所面临的挑战。
24. A. course B. process
C. moment D. stage
解析： 　根据常识可知，绘制100幅图是一个很费时的过程。
25. A. surprised B. confused
C. delighted D. touched
解析： 　根据下文my works are acknowledged by many fans online
可知，朴缜感到非常高兴。
26. A. cultures B. policies
C. systems D. values
解析： 　根据上文可知，朴缜所绘图画中传递的是中国城市的传
统文化元素。
27. A. judged B. commented
C. accepted D. received
解析： 　根据上文my works are acknowledged by many fans online
可知，朴缜的作品在网上受到好评。be well received受到好评。
28. A. Undoubtedly B. Eventually
C. Hopefully D. Generally
解析： 　根据语境可知，网友们渴望看到朴缜更多的城市肖像画
是一个不可否认的事实。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　In a refreshing shift from conventional methods， some post-90
teachers in China are using memes （表情包）， cute comments， and
personalized feedback in their grading practices， 　29　（receive）
praise from parents and students alike.This innovative approach in
education is reshaping the way students receive feedback on 　30　
（they） exams and assignments， making the learning process more
engaging and enjoyable.
Gone are the days of impersonal and serious 　31　
（comment）.Teachers are now using more conversational language in
their evaluations， addressing students as “you” or “dear” instead of
the formal “the student”.
The use of memes and hand-drawn images in marking papers 　32　
（be） not just about adding a touch of fun； it serves as a motivational
tool for students.This trend has caught the attention of the online
community， 　33　 many expressing their wish to have had such
creative and supportive teachers.
　34　 adoption of memes and personalized words in grading
represents a significant shift in educational practices in China.It not only
aids in reducing the stress and pressure 　35　（associate） with
academic performance but also builds a 　36　（strong） relationship
between teachers and students.This method reflects a broader movement
towards more empathetic and student-centered teaching， 　37　 the
focus is on encouragement and individual growth rather than solely on
grades.
As these innovative practices gain 　38　（popular）， they
promise to transform the educational experience for students， making
learning more enjoyable and less frightening.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如今中国的一些90后教师正在使用
表情包和可爱的个性化评语来给学生写评语，得到了家长和学生的
一致好评。
29. receiving　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，这里是一个结果状
语，由于receive与其逻辑主语teachers是主动关系，因此这里应用动词
-ing形式。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如今中国的一些90后教师正在使用
表情包和可爱的个性化评语来给学生写评语，得到了家长和学生的
一致好评。
30. their　考查代词。本空后面是名词exams，因此这里应用形容词性
物主代词来修饰它。
31. comments　考查名词复数。comment为可数名词，通常用复数
形式。
32. is　考查主谓一致。本句主语为The use，为单数形式，根据语境
可知，应用一般现在时，故填系动词is。
33. with　考查介词。这里是一个由“with＋代词＋动词-ing形式”构
成的with复合结构，表示一种伴随情况或补充说明。
34. The　考查冠词。这里特指对表情包和个性化评语的“采用”，因
此用定冠词The。
35. associated　考查非谓语动词。be associated with sb/sth是固定用
法，表示“与……有关”，因此这里用过去分词作后置定语。
36. stronger　考查形容词的比较级。下文a broader movement towards
more empathetic and student-centered teaching暗示这里是将新型评语和
传统评语进行对比，因此这里应用形容词的比较级。
37. where　考查定语从句。student-centered teaching是先行词，表示一
种领域，可以视为一个抽象的地点，因此用关系副词where引导非限
制性定语从句。
38. popularity　考查词形转换。本空前面是动词gain，因此这里应用
名词来作其宾语。
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