资源简介

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
维度一：基础题型练
1.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） 　　　　　　（excite） to look around， I didn’t spot my social studies teacher in the crowd so I decided to meet him afterwards and knew why.
2.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）At the sight of my coming， he didn’t stop laughing， which made me feel 　　　　　　（confuse）.
3.Although many of the stones have fallen out， the monument remains very well 　　　　（preserve）.
4.The teacher couldn’t make himself 　　　　　　（pay） attention to because his teaching manner was unattractive.
5.With all of his work 　　　　　　（finish）， Mike was allowed to go home earlier than usual.
6.　　　　　　 （design） very cleverly to fit into corners， the shelf doesn’t take up much room.
7.　　　　　　 （compare） to big companies， the smaller ones are faced with more challenges.
8.Unless 　　　　　　（invite） to speak， you should remain silent at the conference.
9.The company 　　　　　　（make） up of more than thirty branches all over the country is facing a serious financial crisis.
维度二：语法与写作
1.随着假期临近，我的同学们变得越来越兴奋。（过去分词作表语）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.因为担心即将到来的考试，有些同学学习到深夜。（过去分词短语作状语）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.我的同桌不想浪费时间，所以他经常让人把饭带到教室里来。（过去分词作宾语补足语）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.他经常做一些从网上下载的练习题。（过去分词短语作定语）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.我感到非常荣幸能做一个有关如何提高英语口语的演讲。（过去分词作表语）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
维度三：语法与语篇
　　用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文。
　　The Eiffel Tower， 1.　　　　　　 （know） as the most famous landmark in France， is one of the most 2.　　　　　　　　　 （visit） monuments in the world.But it wasn’t always so popular.In fact， in 1886， just after its construction was first 3.　　　　　　 （propose）， many were strongly against it.At that time， it would be the tallest building ever 4.　　　　　　 （build） in the world， and many claimed it would destroy the skyline of Paris， or perhaps even destroy some historic landmarks.The chief engineer， Gustave Eiffel， replied 5.　　　　　　 （say） that such a large monument was necessary 6.　　　　　　 （symbolise） the great efforts of the French people as well as the great advancements in modern engineering， industry， and science.The next year， Eiffel gained approval and the tower was built in time 7.　　　　　　 （celebrate） the 1889 World Fair in Paris.8.　　　　　　 （look） carefully at the tower， you can see the names of the 72 scientists， engineers， and mathematicians who helped in its construction.While 9.　　　　　　 （plan） to be taken down after 20 years， it 10.　　　　 （prove） to be too useful as a communications tower， not to mention a giant advertisement board， before finally becoming the iconic attraction that we all know today.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·临沂高二下期末）In the closing years of the Sui Dynasty， a major flood occurred on the Xiao River outside the city of Zhaozhou， which caused the collapse of a large stone bridge which had already been rebuilt many times.
　　At this time Li Chun， the most famous local engineer， was extremely puzzled and annoyed： The great stone bridge had been rebuilt many times， but still it could not withstand the force of the flood！ But it had to be rebuilt once more.
　　Li Chun carefully examined the original blueprint of the bridge.The old bridge had been built on stone supports， which had weakened as time went by， until the bridge collapsed.If there were no supports， the flood waters would flow past the bridge unimpeded （畅通的）， and the bridge would not collapse.But in that case the arch of the bridge would have to be very high， and it would be very inconvenient for the people to climb up and down steep slopes.Li Chun shook his head， and decided against this method.
　　The news that Li Chun had come across a difficulty spread throughout the city.The local people began to grumble：“It seems that a bridge cannot be built here.Only Lu Ban could build this bridge.” These grumbles came to the ears of Li Chun， causing him much upset.So he labored day and night to work out a solution.
　　Suddenly， he had a flash of inspiration！ “Why did the arch have to be so high？ Instead of semicircular， the arch could be bow-shaped.And there would only need to be one big arch， supported at each end by two small ones.That way， there would be no need for stone supports.In times of flooding the flood waters would flow through the four small arches， lessening the impact on the bridge.Wouldn’t such a bridge be safer？”
　　The bridge was finally built.It was not only safe and convenient， but it also had a special elegance.Now， this new stone bridge has become the representative of China’s arched bridges.
1.Why did Li Chun feel puzzled and annoyed？（　　）
A.There was no money to build a new bridge.
B.The local officials refused to build a new bridge.
C.No bridge had been built on the Xiao River.
D.The bridge was damaged repeatedly on the Xiao River.
2.What’s the problem with Li Chun’s first plan？（　　）
A.It was not practical enough.
B.It would cost a lot of money.
C.The bridge would be too high.
D.The bridge would not be strong.
3.What made Li Chun feel upset according to Paragraph 4？（　　）
A.Failing to get financial support.
B.Some bridges’ being destroyed.
C.People’s lacking confidence in him.
D.Not being able to reach his goal.
4.What can we learn about Zhaozhou Bridge？（　　）
A.It had two big arches.
B.Its arch was semicircular.
C.It had two stone supports.
D.It was over 1，400 years old.
B
　　（2024·浙江四校高二下联考）Depending on who you ask， our teachers are either some of the best paid in the world， or they’re underpaid.
　　Here are the facts： Australian teachers get a very handsome starting salary， but their pay quickly falls behind that of other professionals.
　　The starting full-time salary for a classroom teacher in most Australian states is between $65，000 and $70，000.That’s reasonably competitive with the starting salary of a graduate with an engineering， commerce， or law degree.
　　The trouble is that teachers’ pay doesn’t rise much with age or expertise.The pay scale for a classroom teacher stops rising after about nine years， while the incomes of their university educated peers in other professions keep rising well into their 30s and 40s.
　　It’s not like this in every country.Other countries reward excellent teachers with higher pay relative to other professionals.So while Australia’s pay for young secondary teachers is in the top half of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development （OECD） countries， Australia’s pay for older secondary teachers is in the bottom half.
　　Teachers’ pay matters.Most young people who did well at school are interested in becoming a teacher — but most of them are turned off by the big financial sacrifices teaching involves.
　　A Grattan Institute survey of almost 1，000 young high achievers （aged 18－25 and with an ATAR of 80 or higher） found about 70% said they would be willing to give teaching a go.But university enrolment data show that only about 3% of high achievers actually choose teaching for their undergraduate studies.
　　Our new report， attracting high achievers to teaching， proposes a $1.6 billion-a-year reform package for government schools to double the number of high-achieving young people who choose to become teachers within a decade.
　　If governments were to carry it out， it would send a strong message to Australia’s best and brightest — if you want a challenging career where expertise is celebrated and paid accordingly， choose teaching.
5.What’s the problem with teachers’ pay in Australia？（　　）
A.It starts low. B.It grows very slowly.
C.It doesn’t keep growing. D.It isn’t distributed equally.
6.What can we learn about the high achievers in Australia？（　　）
A.Few of them become teachers. B.Most of them choose teaching.
C.Most of them work in governments. D.Few of them show interest in teaching.
7.What’s the purpose of the reform package？（　　）
A.To support the poor students. B.To increase old teachers’ salary.
C.To attract more excellent teachers. D.To improve educational environment.
8.What attitude does the author take to teachers’ pay in Australia？（　　）
A.Very confident.　　　 B.Deeply worried.
C.Quite confused. D.A little dissatisfied.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2024·石家庄高二下质检）In July 1976， the United States had a holiday.It was the two-hundredth anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence.9.（　　） In New York City， there were fireworks， parades， and speeches.Right in the middle of it all stood that towering symbol of American freedom — the Statue of Liberty！
　　The statue’s real name is Liberty Enlightening the World， but it’s often called Lady Liberty or the Statue of Liberty.10.（　　） It’s made of copper and is mostly hollow， with a metal support structure inside and stairs so visitors can walk up into its crown.Today about four million people visit the Statue of Liberty every year.
　　Like the American flag， the statue is shown on army posters and on postage stamps.A picture of the torch is on the ten dollar bill.Advertisers have used it to sell everything from soap to hamburgers.11.（　　）
　　Since 1886， the statue has offered a message of hope to immigrants coming to America.From the late 1800s into the 1900s， millions came from other countries.Most were very poor and most came from Europe.They crossed the Atlantic Ocean on steamships.As the majority of those ships sailed into New York Harbor， one of the first landmarks they saw was the Statue of Liberty.12.（　　） At last they had reached America， land of liberty， where they hoped to start a new and better life.
　　Surprisingly， the Statue of Liberty was not the United States’ idea.13.（　　） A French professor first proposed the idea， a French sculptor designed the statue， and a French engineer designed its inner framework.Americans were not even sure they wanted the statue at first.
A.It was a gift from the people of France.
B.The statue is huge — 151 feet and 1 inch tall.
C.They would cheer and sometimes cry with joy.
D.All over the country， towns and cities celebrated.
E.It is widely believed to be the gateway to America.
F.It’s one of the most well-known buildings in the world.
G.It has even had roles in movies such as Independence Day， and Superman Ⅱ.
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　I was once a dropout （辍学生）.I know how powerfully a 　14　 can influence the life of a person who does not 　15　herself.I quit school at sixteen to work.Years later， I had a（n） 　16　 and couldn’t work for months.With an unemployable father and a mentally ill mother to support， I couldn’t 　17　 to give up.
　　Searching the ads， I found a notice that our local community college offered free work 　18　.One requirement was a high-school diploma or GED certificate.Years ago， I got my GED certificate， but with 　19　 scores.After my physical injury healed， I went to meet Ruby Martin， the advisor who would 　20　 me.
　　Feeling uncertain about the result， I sat 　21　waiting while Mrs Martin looked over my score sheet.I was 　22　 to hear her blame me for wasting her valuable time.She looked at me for a long moment before she spoke.
　　“Why did you apply for this 　23　？” she asked.“Why aren’t you applying to college？”
　　With my face burning with 　24　， I could only whispered，“Because I am 　25　.”
　　For the next hour， she explained that my 　26　 were very high indeed.She assured me that I was not only not stupid， but that I would 　27　 an excellent candidate for the training program.
　　I regained my 　28　.Later， I got a bachelor’s degree and became a teacher just like her.To teach is to touch a life.It was Ruby Martin who touched my life forever.
14.（　）A.motto B.parent
C.friend D.teacher
15.（　）A.comment on B.believe in
C.rely on D.turn down
16.（　）A.disease B.patient
C.accident D.baby
17.（　）A.wait B.help
C.afford D.agree
18.（　）A.opportunities B.experience
C.certificates D.training
19.（　）A.high B.low
C.special D.passing
20.（　）A.assess B.employ
C.challenge D.accept
21.（　）A.excitedly B.curiously
C.nervously D.comfortably
22.（　）A.desperate B.prepared
C.sorry D.disappointed
23.（　）A.program B.university
C.job D.degree
24.（　）A.excitement B.anger
C.cold D.shame
25.（　）A.poor B.tired
C.stupid D.disabled
26.（　）A.salaries B.positions
C.scores D.expectations
27.（　）A.make B.meet
C.employ D.affect
28.（　）A.dignity B.fame
C.balance D.confidence
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　To welcome the arrival of “World Tai Chi Day” in 2024， the China Cultural Center in Paris 29.　　　　 （special） held a 24-position Tai Chi workshop in the “Chinese Story” series of lectures on 27 April.
　　Senior Tai Chi teacher and martial arts coach Zhang Jianyong and martial arts teacher John Huynh jointly 30.　　　　 （teach） the theoretical essence and essential movements， the twenty-four postures of Tai Chi.
　　18 Tai Chi 31.　　　　 （lover） from both France and Switzerland travelled to attend the class.
　　The twenty-four postures of Tai Chi are a comprehensive routine 32.　　　　　　 collects the essence of Tai Chi and is continuously modified （修正） from consistent practice.
　　Zhang explained 33.　　　　　　 detail the ideological soul and technical essentials of Tai Chi， as each move embodies the essence of the combination， mutual balance and close connection of yin and yang.
　　Sébastien Lalardie， an information engineer， got 34.　　　　　　 （involve） with Chinese martial arts 17 years ago.He said that the workshop was very successful.35.　　　　　　 he has practiced Tai Chi for many years， the course also taught him more than he has learned.Tai Chi is an endless source of knowledge.He hopes that the center will continue 36.　　　　　　 （hold） Chinese martial arts workshops.
World Tai Chi Day， which falls on the last Saturday of April， 37.　　　　　　 （celebrate） in Paris for 12 years.Tai Chi， 38.　　　　　　 centuries-old Chinese martial art characterized by gentle movement exercises， has been widely accepted by people around the world.
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.Excited　2.confused　3.preserved　4.paid　5.finished　6.Designed 　7.Compared　8.invited　9.made
维度二
1.With the holiday approaching，my classmates are becoming more and more excited.
2.Worried about the coming exam，some students study until midnight.
3.My deskmate doesn’t want to waste time， so he often has meals brought to the classroom.
4.He often does some exercises downloaded from the Internet.
5.I feel greatly honored to deliver a speech on how to improve oral English.
维度三
1.known　2.visited　3.proposed　4.built 　5.saying
6.to symbolise　7.to celebrate　8.Looking　9.planned
10.proved
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。赵州桥是一座位于河北省石家庄市赵县城南洨河之上的石拱桥。赵州桥始建于隋代，由匠师李春设计建造，是世界上现存年代久远、跨度最大、保存最完整的单孔坦弧敞肩石拱桥。
1.D　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，让李春困惑烦恼的是，洨河之上的石拱桥反复修建、反复被洪水冲毁。
2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，按照李春最初的方案，该石拱桥没有桥墩，但是桥的拱顶必须很高，人们在陡峭的斜坡上爬上爬下很不方便。
3.C　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，人们开始抱怨：“看来这里不能建桥了。只有鲁班才能建造这座桥。”显然人们对李春丧失了信心，这让李春感到很郁闷。
4.D　细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，赵州桥始建于隋朝，距今有超过1，400年的历史；它采用了弓形，而不是半圆形；它没有桥墩，只有一个圆弧拱。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚教师的工资水平如何呢？本文就此话题进行了说明和探讨。
5.C　细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知，澳大利亚教师刚开始的工资是比较高的，但是到后来就慢慢停滞不涨了。
6.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，其实澳大利亚的很多年轻人对教师行业很感兴趣，但是因为经济原因很少有人去当教师。
7.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，澳大利亚这一改革计划的目的是吸引更多优秀的年轻人来当教师。
8.D　观点态度题。综合全文可知，作者对澳大利亚教师的工资情况并不满意。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了美国的标志性建筑——自由女神像。
9.D　上下文都在介绍美国的一次庆典——纪念《独立宣言》签署200周年，故D项符合语境。
10.B　本段介绍了自由女神像在构造等方面的一些细节，故B项符合语境。
11.G　本段主要介绍了自由女神像的广泛影响，G项是其影响的一个具体例证，符合语境。
12.C　本段介绍了18世纪末到19世纪欧洲等地人们移民到美国的情景，C项是他们刚到美国看到自由女神像时的反应，符合语境。
13.A　上句说建自由女神像不是美国人的主意，A项承接上文，说明它是法国人的杰作。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。高中辍学的作者在一位素不相识的老师的鼓励下重新点燃自信，最终也成为一名老师。
14.D　根据最后一段中的I got a bachelor’s degree and became a teacher just like her可知，作者是在一位老师的鼓励下改变了人生道路。
15.B　根据第二、三段内容可知，作者认为自己的GED分数低，所以自己笨，没有自信申请大学，因此她是不相信自己的能力。
16.C　根据第二段中的After my physical injury healed可知，作者因意外而受伤不能工作。
17.C　根据上文可知，作者要挣钱赡养父母，所以她不能放弃。
18.D　根据倒数第二段末句中for the training program可知，作者申请参加免费的工作培训项目。
19.B　根据but的转折以及下文的stupid可知，作者认为自己考的分数低。
20.A　根据下文可知，Ruby Martin查看作者的成绩册，评估作者是否可以参加这个项目。
21.C　根据上下文可知，因为作者认为自己分数低，不知道能不能被录取，所以很紧张。
22.B　根据上文可知，作者认为只是抱着试一试的想法来参加面试，所以已经做好了不被录取的准备。
23.A　根据下文中的for the training program可知，老师问作者为什么要参加这个培训项目，而不是申请上大学。
24.D　根据上文可知，作者认为自己分数低，所以感觉羞愧。
25.C　根据下文中的She assured me that I was not only not stupid可知，作者说自己很笨。
26.C　根据上文老师问她为什么不申请上大学可知，老师认为作者的分数是很高的。
27.A　根据语境可知，作者GED分数很高，智力很好，所以会成为一个优秀的培训项目的候选人。
28.D　作者以前认为自己笨，没有自信，后来得到学位而且成了老师，由此说明她恢复了自信。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。为迎接2024年“世界太极日”的到来，位于巴黎的中国文化中心于4月27日特别举办了“中国故事”系列讲座中的24式太极工作坊。
29.specially　本空后面是谓语动词held，因此这里应用副词来修饰它。
30.taught　根据上下文可知，这里应用一般过去时。
31.lovers　这里表示18名太极爱好者，因此应用可数名词lover的复数形式。
32.which/that　本空前面的a comprehensive routine是先行词，这里由关系代词which/that引导一个定语从句，关系代词在从句中作主语。
33.in　in detail是固定短语，表示“详细地”。
34.involved　get/become/be involved in表示“参与”。
35.Although/Though/While　这里前后两个分句之间是转折关系，因此用从属连词Although/Though/While引导让步状语从句。
36.to hold/holding　continue to do sth/continue doing sth表示“继续做某事”。
37.has been celebrated　本句时间状语为for 12 years，且表示“被庆祝”，因此用现在完成时的被动语态。
38.a　这里表示“太极拳是一种具有数百年历史的中国武术”，因此用不定冠词a来修饰后面的名词martial art。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
过去分词
①Located to the south of the equator，below many other countries on the globe， it’s often informally referred to as “down under”.
②...I’m more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture， food， and way of life.
③Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground， among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.
④A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping to breathe.
⑤I tried to learn how to play it， but after trying for hours， I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument！
⑥Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture， minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture， with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants.
【我的发现】
以上句子中的加黑部分，句①中为过去分词短语作状语，通常放在　　　　；句②和句⑤中为过去分词作　　　　；句④中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放在被修饰名词的　　　　；句③和句⑥中为过去分词短语作定语，常常放在被修饰名词的　　　　。
一、过去分词作定语
1.及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动。
a polluted river 一条被污染的河流
the watered flowers 浇过水的花
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起的太阳
2.单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我的女儿。
名师点津
过去分词作定语和动词-ing形式作定语的区别：
（1）语态不同：过去分词表示被动；动词-ing形式表示主动。
The question discussed was very important.
被讨论过的那个问题很重要。
The boy speaking at the meeting is Tom’s brother.
正在会上发言的那个男孩是汤姆的弟弟。
（2）时间关系上不同：动词-ing形式表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。
3.过去分词、动词-ing形式的被动语态与动词不定式的被动语态作定语的区别：
　　意义 形式　　　 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 将来
The building built last year is our classroom building.
去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
【即时演练1】　用所给动词的适当形式填空
　①（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷） Not the pandas， even though the language 　　　　　　（use） for the medical training instructions is actually English.
②The players 　　　　　　（select） from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.
③Tell the children 　　　　　　（play） outside not to make too much noise.
④After the flag was raised， one student delivered a speech 　　　　　　（title） “My Chinese Dream”.
⑤Before the contest， colorful performances 　　　　　　（give） by students were more than attractive.
二、过去分词作表语
1.过去分词用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。
She looked disappointed.
她看上去很失望。
We were encouraged at the news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态，这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较：
3.感觉类及物动词的动词-ing形式与过去分词作表语的区别：
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词形式含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。常用的这类词如下：
We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.
我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。
His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged.
他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。
名师点津
有的过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，且大部分已转化为形容词，常见的有delighted、 drunk、amused、 disappointed、 discouraged、 astonished、 hurt、 interested、 crowded、 tired、 satisfied、 pleased、 surprised、 worried、 excited、 married、 puzzled、 upset等。
【即时演练2】　用所给动词的适当形式填空
　①Ecotourism is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 　　　　　　（educate） about the areas.
②In April，thousands of holiday makers remained 　　　　　　（stick） due to the earthquake.
③One of my classmates got 　　　　　　（injure） accidentally and without hesitation Mrs Wu took him to hospital for medical treatment.
④They want to apply for the position， but they are afraid of getting 　　　　　　（reject）.
⑤You must follow the directions exactly and if you become 　　　　　　（confuse）， you must take the time to go back again and reread them.
⑥It feels quite 　　　　　　（relax） to take a bath after work.
三、过去分词作宾语补足语
1.过去分词作宾语补足语说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，它前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语，作宾语补足语的多是及物动词。
（1）过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。
（2）过去分词作宾语补足语时，所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。
2.能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有以下三类：
（1）make、 get、 have、 keep等使役动词；
（2）see、 hear、 feel、 find等表示感觉和心理状态的动词；
（3）like、 want、 wish、 order等表示希望、要求、命令等意义的动词。
When will you go to the hospital and have your teeth examined？
你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？
She saw the thief caught by policemen.
她看见小偷被警察抓住了。
The manager doesn’t like such questions discussed at the meeting.
经理不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。
3.“with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
With the key lost， he had to wait outside the door.
由于钥匙丢了，他只好在门外等候。
With his homework done， he started to watch TV.
作业完成后，他开始看电视。
4.过去分词作宾语补足语时，应注意以下几种情况：
（1）使役动词have接过去分词作宾语补足语时有两种情况：
①过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成；
②过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。
He had his money stolen.
他的钱被偷了。（被别人偷去了）
He had his leg broken.
他的腿断了。（自己的经历）
（2）过去分词作宾语补足语时，如果变为被动语态，那么过去分词在句中就作主语补足语。
Almost no student is seen punished in this school.
在这所学校，几乎见不到学生被惩罚。
【即时演练3】　用所给动词的适当形式填空
①But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 　　　　　　（astonish）.
②They make great gifts and you see them 　　　　　　（decorate） with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
③The steward was surprised to find his room thoroughly 　　　　　　（clean） and everything 　　　　　　（arrange） in a perfect order.
④The villagers saw the fire 　　　　　　（burn） brightly in the distance.When they hurried there， they found some houses 　　　　　　（burn） to the ground already.
⑤Before driving into the city， you are required to have your car 　　　　　　（wash）.
四、过去分词作状语
1.过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者。
Greatly interested， I asked how he played these new works.
因为非常感兴趣，我问他是如何演奏这些新作品的。
Given good health， I hope to finish the work this year.
如果身体好，我希望今年完成这项工作。
The scientist Tu Youyou came in， followed by her assistant.
科学家屠呦呦进来了，后面跟着她的助手。
When seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。
2.过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。
（1）表示时间，可转换为when、 while或after等引导的时间状语从句。
Accepted by the Party， he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
＝When he was accepted by the Party，he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。
（2）表示原因，可转换为as、 since或because等引导的原因状语从句。
Deeply moved by the story， the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
＝Because they were deeply moved by the story， the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地打动了，停止了互相争吵。
（3）表示条件，可转换为if、 once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Heated， water can be turned into water vapour.
＝If it is heated， water can be turned into water vapour.
水如果被加热，就会变成水蒸气。
（4）表示让步，可转换为although、 though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。
Exhausted by the running， they went on running after the robber.
＝Although they were exhausted by the running，they went on running after the robber.
尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶那个劫匪。
（5）表示方式或伴随情况，一般可转换为并列结构。
The old man went into the room， supported by his wife.
＝The old man was supported by his wife and went into the room.
那位老人在妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
3.连词＋过去分词
过去分词作状语时，为了明确其意义有时可在过去分词前加上when、 while、 if、 once、 unless、 although、 as if等连词，相当于省略形式的状语从句。
If merely based on your imagination， the report will not be convincing.
如果仅基于你的想象，报告是不会有说服力的。
名师点津
有些过去分词因为来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动而表示状态。这样的过去分词（短语）常见的有lost （迷路）、 seated （坐）、 hidden （躲）、 stationed （驻扎）、 lost/absorbed in （沉溺于）、 born （出生）、 dressed in （穿着）、 tired of （厌烦）。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought， he didn’t hear the sound.
沉溺于思考之中，他没听到那个声音。
Born in this beautiful town， he hates to leave it.
出生在这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开。
【即时演练4】　同义句转换/单句语法填空
　①Given another chance， he will do better.
→　　　　　　　　 another chance， he will do better.
②Laughed at by many people， he continued his study.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 by many people， he continued his study.
③Satisfied with what he did， the teacher praised him in class.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 what he did， she praised him in class.
④（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷） 　　　　　　（encourage） by his words， I agreed to give it a try.
⑤　　　　　　 （welcome） by Jennifer and her parents with open arms， he felt very 　　　　　　（excite）.
entitle vt.给……命名（或题名）；使享有权利
【教材原句】　Ethnic minority groups in China are often entitled to special funds from the government to help protect their cultural heritage.
在中国，少数民族经常有权从政府获得特别基金，来帮助保护他们的文化遗产。
【用法】
（1）be entitled to （do） sth获得权利做某事
be entitled sth （书、戏剧等）名为……
entitle sb to sth 给予某人某种权利；使某人有资格获得某事物或做某事
（2）entitlement n. 授权；有资格
【佳句】　I feel very honoured to stand here and deliver a speech entitled “My Ideal Career”.
我很荣幸站在这里发表题为“我的理想职业”的演讲。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The novel 　　　　　　（entitle） Journey to the West is so attractive that he can’t tear himself away from it.
②It is well known that everyone is entitled 　　　　　　their own opinion.
③They lose their 　　　　　　（entitle） to welfare when they start work.
【写美】　完成句子
④Your qualifications 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
你的资历使你有资格获得更高的薪水。
freedom n.自由；不受……影响的状态
【教材原句】　Unfortunately， elephants are endangered in Thailand， but special parks have been set up to protect their safety and freedom.
不幸的是，在泰国大象濒临灭绝，但为了保护它们的安全和自由，（人们）建立了专门的公园。
【用法】
（1）freedom of ...　……的自由
freedom to do ... 做……的自由
freedom from ... 没有……的情况；不受……影响的状态
（2）free adj.　 自由的；不受……影响的；免费的
keep ...free from/of 使……免受（影响、伤害等）
（3）freely adv. 自由地；随意地
【佳句】　From my point of view， being a grown-up means more responsibilities instead of more freedom.在我看来，作为一个成年人意味着更多的责任而不是更多的自由。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①At one time， I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me， so I hoped I could have freedom 　　　　　　them.
②Mr Brown works hard to keep his families free 　　　　　　worries in their lives.
【写美】　完成句子
③We， therefore， come to the conclusion that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in the world.
因此，我们得出结论：世界上没有什么东西和自由一样珍贵。
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
　句首　表语　前面　后面
即时演练1
①used　②selected　③playing　④titled　⑤given
即时演练2
①educated　②stuck　③injured　④rejected　⑤confused
⑥relaxing
即时演练3
①astonished　②decorated　③cleaned； arranged
④burning； burned/burnt　⑤washed
即时演练4
①If he is given　②Although/Though he was laughed at　③Because the teacher was satisfied with　④Encouraged　⑤Welcomed； excited
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①entitled　②to　③entitlement
④entitle you to a higher salary
2.①from　②from/of　③nothing is so precious as freedom
6 / 7(共101张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　
Learning About Language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
过去分词
①Located to the south of the equator，below many other countries on
the globe， it’s often informally referred to as “down under”.
②...I’m more interested in meeting people in Australia and
experiencing their culture， food， and way of life.
③Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the
ground， among which there is an amazing instrument called the
didgeridoo.
④A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping to breathe.
⑤I tried to learn how to play it， but after trying for hours， I was
convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument！
⑥Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western
culture， minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique
Australian culture， with many of the new cultural influences contributed
by immigrants.
【我的发现】
以上句子中的加蓝部分，句①中为过去分词短语作状语，通常放
在 ；句②和句⑤中为过去分词作 ；句④中为单个的
过去分词作定语，常常放在被修饰名词的 ；句③和句⑥中为
过去分词短语作定语，常常放在被修饰名词的 。
句首　
表语　
前面　
后面　
一、过去分词作定语
1. 及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过
去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动。
a polluted river 一条被污染的河流
the watered flowers 浇过水的花
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起的太阳
2. 单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分
词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一
个定语从句。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我的女儿。
名师点津
过去分词作定语和动词-ing形式作定语的区别：
（1）语态不同：过去分词表示被动；动词-ing形式表示主动。
The question discussed was very important.
被讨论过的那个问题很重要。
The boy speaking at the meeting is Tom’s brother.
正在会上发言的那个男孩是汤姆的弟弟。
（2）时间关系上不同：动词-ing形式表示动作正在进行；过去分词表
示动作已经完成。
3. 过去分词、动词-ing形式的被动语态与动词不定式的被动语态作定
语的区别：
　　意义 形式　　　 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 将来
The building being built now is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
The building built last year is our classroom building.
去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
【即时演练1】　用所给动词的适当形式填空
　①（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷） Not the pandas， even though the
language （use） for the medical training instructions is actually
English.
②The players （select） from the whole country are
expected to bring us honour in this summer game.
③Tell the children （play） outside not to make too much
noise.
used　
selected　
playing　
④After the flag was raised， one student delivered a speech
（title） “My Chinese Dream”.
⑤Before the contest， colorful performances （give） by
students were more than attractive.
titled　
given　
二、过去分词作表语
1. 过去分词用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。
She looked disappointed.
她看上去很失望。
We were encouraged at the news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态，这一结构从形式上与被动语
态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较：
3. 感觉类及物动词的动词-ing形式与过去分词作表语的区别：
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式表示主动意
义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词形式含
有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声
音、笑容或表情等。常用的这类词如下：
We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.
我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。
His words were discouraging， which made many people
discouraged.
他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。
名师点津
有的过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，且大部分已转化为形容词，常
见的有delighted、 drunk、amused、 disappointed、 discouraged、
astonished、 hurt、 interested、 crowded、 tired、 satisfied、 pleased、
surprised、 worried、 excited、 married、 puzzled、 upset等。
【即时演练2】　用所给动词的适当形式填空
　①Ecotourism is different from traditional tourism because it allows the
traveler to become （educate） about the areas.
②In April，thousands of holiday makers remained （stick）
due to the earthquake.
③One of my classmates got （injure） accidentally and
without hesitation Mrs Wu took him to hospital for medical treatment.
④They want to apply for the position， but they are afraid of
getting （reject）.
educated　
stuck　
injured　
rejected　
⑤You must follow the directions exactly and if you become
（confuse）， you must take the time to go back again and reread them.
⑥It feels quite （relax） to take a bath after work.
confused　
relaxing　
三、过去分词作宾语补足语
1. 过去分词作宾语补足语说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复
合宾语，它前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语，作宾语补足语的多是及物
动词。
（1）过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动词
所表示的动作。
（2）过去分词作宾语补足语时，所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑
上的动宾关系。
2. 能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有以下三类：
（1）make、 get、 have、 keep等使役动词；
（2）see、 hear、 feel、 find等表示感觉和心理状态的动词；
（3）like、 want、 wish、 order等表示希望、要求、命令等意义的
动词。
When will you go to the hospital and have your teeth
examined？
你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？
She saw the thief caught by policemen.
她看见小偷被警察抓住了。
The manager doesn’t like such questions discussed at the
meeting.
经理不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。
3. “with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
With the key lost， he had to wait outside the door.
由于钥匙丢了，他只好在门外等候。
With his homework done， he started to watch TV.
作业完成后，他开始看电视。
4. 过去分词作宾语补足语时，应注意以下几种情况：
（1）使役动词have接过去分词作宾语补足语时有两种情况：
①过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成；
②过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。
He had his money stolen.
他的钱被偷了。（被别人偷去了）
He had his leg broken.
他的腿断了。（自己的经历）
（2）过去分词作宾语补足语时，如果变为被动语态，那么过去分
词在句中就作主语补足语。
Almost no student is seen punished in this school.
在这所学校，几乎见不到学生被惩罚。
【即时演练3】　用所给动词的适当形式填空
①But that’s how nature is — always leaving us
（astonish）.
②They make great gifts and you see them （decorate）
with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
③The steward was surprised to find his room thoroughly
（clean） and everything （arrange） in a perfect order.
astonished　
decorated　
cleaned　
arranged　
④The villagers saw the fire （burn） brightly in the
distance.When they hurried there， they found some
houses （burn） to the ground already.
⑤Before driving into the city， you are required to have your
car （wash）.
burning　
burned/burnt　
washed　
四、过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状
态，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承
受者。
Greatly interested， I asked how he played these new works.
因为非常感兴趣，我问他是如何演奏这些新作品的。
Given good health， I hope to finish the work this year.
如果身体好，我希望今年完成这项工作。
The scientist Tu Youyou came in， followed by her assistant.
科学家屠呦呦进来了，后面跟着她的助手。
When seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。
2. 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随
等，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。
（1）表示时间，可转换为when、 while或after等引导的时间状
语从句。
Accepted by the Party， he decided to devote his life to the cause
of the Party.
＝When he was accepted by the Party，he decided to devote his
life to the cause of the Party.
入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。
（2）表示原因，可转换为as、 since或because等引导的原因状
语从句。
Deeply moved by the story， the excited people stopped
quarrelling with each other.
＝Because they were deeply moved by the story， the excited
people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地打动了，停止了互相争吵。
（3）表示条件，可转换为if、 once或unless等引导的条件状语
从句。
Heated， water can be turned into water vapour.
＝If it is heated， water can be turned into water vapour.
水如果被加热，就会变成水蒸气。
（4）表示让步，可转换为although、 though或even if等引导的让步
状语从句。
Exhausted by the running， they went on running after the
robber.
＝Although they were exhausted by the running，they went on
running after the robber.
尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶那个劫匪。
（5）表示方式或伴随情况，一般可转换为并列结构。
The old man went into the room， supported by his wife.
＝The old man was supported by his wife and went into the
room.
那位老人在妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
3. 连词＋过去分词
过去分词作状语时，为了明确其意义有时可在过去分词前加上
when、 while、 if、 once、 unless、 although、 as if等连词，相当
于省略形式的状语从句。
If merely based on your imagination， the report will not be
convincing.
如果仅基于你的想象，报告是不会有说服力的。
名师点津
有些过去分词因为来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动而表示状
态。这样的过去分词（短语）常见的有lost （迷路）、 seated
（坐）、 hidden （躲）、 stationed （驻扎）、 lost/absorbed in （沉溺
于）、 born （出生）、 dressed in （穿着）、 tired of （厌烦）。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought， he didn’t hear the sound.
沉溺于思考之中，他没听到那个声音。
Born in this beautiful town， he hates to leave it.
出生在这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开。
【即时演练4】　同义句转换/单句语法填空
　①Given another chance， he will do better.
→ another chance， he will do better.
②Laughed at by many people， he continued his study.
→ by many people， he
continued his study.
③Satisfied with what he did， the teacher praised him in class.
→ what he did， she praised
him in class.
If he is given　
Although/Though he was laughed at　
Because the teacher was satisfied with　
④（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷） （encourage） by his words，
I agreed to give it a try.
⑤ （welcome） by Jennifer and her parents with open
arms， he felt very （excite）.
Encouraged　
Welcomed　
excited　
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
entitle vt.给……命名（或题名）；使享有权利
【教材原句】　Ethnic minority groups in China are often entitled to
special funds from the government to help protect their cultural heritage.
在中国，少数民族经常有权从政府获得特别基金，来帮助保护他们的
文化遗产。
【用法】
（1）be entitled to （do） sth 获得权利做某事
be entitled sth 　　（书、戏剧等）名为……
entitle sb to sth 给予某人某种权利；使某人有资格获得某事物或做某事
（2）entitlement n.　　授权；有资格
【佳句】　I feel very honoured to stand here and deliver a speech
entitled “My Ideal Career”.
我很荣幸站在这里发表题为“我的理想职业”的演讲。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The novel （entitle） Journey to the West is so attractive
that he can’t tear himself away from it.
②It is well known that everyone is entitled their own opinion.
③They lose their （entitle） to welfare when they start
work.
entitled　
to　
entitlement　
【写美】　完成句子
④Your qualifications .
你的资历使你有资格获得更高的薪水。
entitle you to a higher salary　
freedom n.自由；不受……影响的状态
【教材原句】　Unfortunately， elephants are endangered in Thailand，
but special parks have been set up to protect their safety and freedom.
不幸的是，在泰国大象濒临灭绝，但为了保护它们的安全和自由，
（人们）建立了专门的公园。
【用法】
（1）freedom of ...　……的自由
freedom to do ...　　做……的自由
freedom from ...　　没有……的情况；不受……影响的状态
（2）free adj.　 自由的；不受……影响的；免费的
keep ...free from/of　　使……免受（影响、伤害等）
（3）freely adv.　　自由地；随意地
【佳句】　From my point of view， being a grown-up means more
responsibilities instead of more freedom.
在我看来，作为一个成年人意味着更多的责任而不是更多的自由。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①At one time， I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me， so I
hoped I could have freedom them.
②Mr Brown works hard to keep his families free worries in
their lives.
from　
from/of　
【写美】　完成句子
③We， therefore， come to the conclusion that
in the world.
因此，我们得出结论：世界上没有什么东西和自由一样珍贵。
nothing is so precious
as freedom　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
1. （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） （excite） to look around， I
didn’t spot my social studies teacher in the crowd so I decided to meet
him afterwards and knew why.
2. （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）At the sight of my coming， he didn’t stop
laughing， which made me feel （confuse）.
Excited　
confused　
3. Although many of the stones have fallen out， the monument remains
very well （preserve）.
4. The teacher couldn’t make himself （pay） attention to
because his teaching manner was unattractive.
5. With all of his work （finish）， Mike was allowed to go
home earlier than usual.
6. （design） very cleverly to fit into corners， the shelf
doesn’t take up much room.
preserved　
paid　
finished　
Designed　
7. （compare） to big companies， the smaller ones are
faced with more challenges.
8. Unless （invite） to speak， you should remain silent at
the conference.
9. The company （make） up of more than thirty branches all
over the country is facing a serious financial crisis.
Compared　
invited　
made　
维度二：语法与写作
1. 随着假期临近，我的同学们变得越来越兴奋。（过去分词作表语）


2. 因为担心即将到来的考试，有些同学学习到深夜。（过去分词短语
作状语）

With the holiday approaching，my classmates are becoming more and
more excited.
Worried about the coming exam，some students study until midnight.
3. 我的同桌不想浪费时间，所以他经常让人把饭带到教室里来。（过
去分词作宾语补足语）


4. 他经常做一些从网上下载的练习题。（过去分词短语作定语）

5. 我感到非常荣幸能做一个有关如何提高英语口语的演讲。（过去分
词作表语）


My deskmate doesn’t want to waste time， so he often has meals
brought to the classroom.
He often does some exercises downloaded from the Internet.
I feel greatly honored to deliver a speech on how to improve oral
English.
维度三：语法与语篇
　　用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文。
　　The Eiffel Tower， 1. （know） as the most famous
landmark in France， is one of the most 2. （visit）
monuments in the world.But it wasn’t always so popular.In fact， in
1886， just after its construction was first 3. （propose），
many were strongly against it.At that time， it would be the tallest
building ever 4.
known　
visited　
proposed　
（build） in the world， and many claimed it would destroy the
skyline of Paris， or perhaps even destroy some historic landmarks.The
chief engineer， Gustave Eiffel， replied 5. （say） that such
a large monument was necessary 6. （symbolise） the
great efforts of the French people as well as the great advancements in
modern engineering， industry， and science.The next year， Eiffel
gained approval and the tower was built in time 7.
built　
saying　
to symbolise　
（celebrate） the 1889 World Fair in Paris.8.
（look） carefully at the tower， you can see the names of the 72
scientists， engineers， and mathematicians who helped in its
construction.While 9. （plan） to be taken down after 20
years， it 10. （prove） to be too useful as a communications
tower， not to mention a giant advertisement board， before finally
becoming the iconic attraction that we all know today.
to celebrate　
Looking　
planned　
proved　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·临沂高二下期末）In the closing years of the Sui Dynasty，
a major flood occurred on the Xiao River outside the city of Zhaozhou，
which caused the collapse of a large stone bridge which had already been
rebuilt many times.
　　At this time Li Chun， the most famous local engineer， was
extremely puzzled and annoyed： The great stone bridge had been rebuilt
many times， but still it could not withstand the force of the flood！ But it
had to be rebuilt once more.
　　Li Chun carefully examined the original blueprint of the bridge.The
old bridge had been built on stone supports， which had weakened as time
went by， until the bridge collapsed.If there were no supports， the flood
waters would flow past the bridge unimpeded （畅通的）， and the
bridge would not collapse.But in that case the arch of the bridge would
have to be very high， and it would be very inconvenient for the people to
climb up and down steep slopes.Li Chun shook his head， and decided
against this method.
　　The news that Li Chun had come across a difficulty spread throughout
the city.The local people began to grumble：“It seems that a bridge
cannot be built here.Only Lu Ban could build this bridge.” These
grumbles came to the ears of Li Chun， causing him much upset.So he
labored day and night to work out a solution.
　　Suddenly， he had a flash of inspiration！ “Why did the arch have
to be so high？ Instead of semicircular， the arch could be bow-
shaped.And there would only need to be one big arch， supported at each
end by two small ones.That way， there would be no need for stone
supports.In times of flooding the flood waters would flow through the four
small arches， lessening the impact on the bridge.Wouldn’t such a
bridge be safer？”
　　The bridge was finally built.It was not only safe and convenient，
but it also had a special elegance.Now， this new stone bridge has
become the representative of China’s arched bridges.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。赵州桥是一座位于河北省石家庄市
赵县城南洨河之上的石拱桥。赵州桥始建于隋代，由匠师李春设计
建造，是世界上现存年代久远、跨度最大、保存最完整的单孔坦弧
敞肩石拱桥。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。赵州桥是一座位于河北省石家庄市
赵县城南洨河之上的石拱桥。赵州桥始建于隋代，由匠师李春设计
建造，是世界上现存年代久远、跨度最大、保存最完整的单孔坦弧
敞肩石拱桥。
1. Why did Li Chun feel puzzled and annoyed？（　　）
A. There was no money to build a new bridge.
B. The local officials refused to build a new bridge.
C. No bridge had been built on the Xiao River.
D. The bridge was damaged repeatedly on the Xiao River.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，让李春困惑烦恼的是，
洨河之上的石拱桥反复修建、反复被洪水冲毁。
2. What’s the problem with Li Chun’s first plan？（　　）
A. It was not practical enough.
B. It would cost a lot of money.
C. The bridge would be too high.
D. The bridge would not be strong.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，按照李春最初的方案，
该石拱桥没有桥墩，但是桥的拱顶必须很高，人们在陡峭的斜坡上
爬上爬下很不方便。
3. What made Li Chun feel upset according to Paragraph 4？（　　）
A. Failing to get financial support.
B. Some bridges’ being destroyed.
C. People’s lacking confidence in him.
D. Not being able to reach his goal.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，人们开始抱怨：“看来
这里不能建桥了。只有鲁班才能建造这座桥。”显然人们对李春丧
失了信心，这让李春感到很郁闷。
4. What can we learn about Zhaozhou Bridge？（　　）
A. It had two big arches.
B. Its arch was semicircular.
C. It had two stone supports.
D. It was over 1，400 years old.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，赵州桥始建于隋朝，
距今有超过1，400年的历史；它采用了弓形，而不是半圆形；它没
有桥墩，只有一个圆弧拱。
B
　　（2024·浙江四校高二下联考）Depending on who you ask， our
teachers are either some of the best paid in the world， or they’re
underpaid.
　　Here are the facts： Australian teachers get a very handsome starting
salary， but their pay quickly falls behind that of other professionals.
　　The starting full-time salary for a classroom teacher in most
Australian states is between $65，000 and $70，000.That’s reasonably
competitive with the starting salary of a graduate with an engineering，
commerce， or law degree.
　　The trouble is that teachers’ pay doesn’t rise much with age or
expertise.The pay scale for a classroom teacher stops rising after about
nine years， while the incomes of their university educated peers in other
professions keep rising well into their 30s and 40s.
　　It’s not like this in every country.Other countries reward excellent
teachers with higher pay relative to other professionals.So while
Australia’s pay for young secondary teachers is in the top half of the
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development （OECD）
countries， Australia’s pay for older secondary teachers is in the bottom
half.
　　Teachers’ pay matters.Most young people who did well at school
are interested in becoming a teacher — but most of them are turned off by
the big financial sacrifices teaching involves.
　　A Grattan Institute survey of almost 1，000 young high achievers
（aged 18－25 and with an ATAR of 80 or higher） found about 70% said
they would be willing to give teaching a go.But university enrolment data
show that only about 3% of high achievers actually choose teaching for
their undergraduate studies.
　　Our new report， attracting high achievers to teaching， proposes a
$1.6 billion-a-year reform package for government schools to double the
number of high-achieving young people who choose to become teachers
within a decade.
　　If governments were to carry it out， it would send a strong message
to Australia’s best and brightest — if you want a challenging career
where expertise is celebrated and paid accordingly， choose teaching.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚教师的工资水平如何呢？
本文就此话题进行了说明和探讨。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚教师的工资水平如何呢？
本文就此话题进行了说明和探讨。
5. What’s the problem with teachers’ pay in Australia？（　　）
A. It starts low.
B. It grows very slowly.
C. It doesn’t keep growing.
D. It isn’t distributed equally.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知，澳大利亚教师刚开
始的工资是比较高的，但是到后来就慢慢停滞不涨了。
6. What can we learn about the high achievers in Australia？（　　）
A. Few of them become teachers.
B. Most of them choose teaching.
C. Most of them work in governments.
D. Few of them show interest in teaching.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，其实澳大利亚
的很多年轻人对教师行业很感兴趣，但是因为经济原因很少有
人去当教师。
7. What’s the purpose of the reform package？（　　）
A. To support the poor students.
B. To increase old teachers’ salary.
C. To attract more excellent teachers.
D. To improve educational environment.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，澳大利亚这一改革
计划的目的是吸引更多优秀的年轻人来当教师。
8. What attitude does the author take to teachers’ pay in Australia？
（　　）
A. Very confident. B. Deeply worried.
C. Quite confused. D. A little dissatisfied.
解析： 　观点态度题。综合全文可知，作者对澳大利亚教师的工
资情况并不满意。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2024·石家庄高二下质检）In July 1976， the United States had a
holiday.It was the two-hundredth anniversary of the signing of the
Declaration of Independence.9.（　　） In New York City， there were
fireworks， parades， and speeches.Right in the middle of it all stood that
towering symbol of American freedom — the Statue of Liberty！
　　The statue’s real name is Liberty Enlightening the World， but it’s
often called Lady Liberty or the Statue of Liberty.10.（　　） It’s
made of copper and is mostly hollow， with a metal support structure
inside and stairs so visitors can walk up into its crown.Today about four
million people visit the Statue of Liberty every year.
　　Like the American flag， the statue is shown on army posters and on
postage stamps.A picture of the torch is on the ten dollar bill.Advertisers
have used it to sell everything from soap to hamburgers.11.（　　）
　　Since 1886， the statue has offered a message of hope to immigrants
coming to America.From the late 1800s into the 1900s， millions came
from other countries.Most were very poor and most came from
Europe.They crossed the Atlantic Ocean on steamships.As the majority of
those ships sailed into New York Harbor， one of the first landmarks they
saw was the Statue of Liberty.12.（　　） At last they had reached
America， land of liberty， where they hoped to start a new and better
life.
　　Surprisingly， the Statue of Liberty was not the United States’
idea.13.（　　） A French professor first proposed the idea， a French
sculptor designed the statue， and a French engineer designed its inner
framework.Americans were not even sure they wanted the statue at first.
A. It was a gift from the people of France.
B. The statue is huge — 151 feet and 1 inch tall.
C. They would cheer and sometimes cry with joy.
D. All over the country， towns and cities celebrated.
E. It is widely believed to be the gateway to America.
F. It’s one of the most well-known buildings in the world.
G. It has even had roles in movies such as Independence Day， and
Superman Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了美国的标志性建
筑——自由女神像。
9. D　上下文都在介绍美国的一次庆典——纪念《独立宣言》签署
200周年，故D项符合语境。
10. B　本段介绍了自由女神像在构造等方面的一些细节，故B项符合
语境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了美国的标志性建
筑——自由女神像。
11. G　本段主要介绍了自由女神像的广泛影响，G项是其影响的一个
具体例证，符合语境。
12. C　本段介绍了18世纪末到19世纪欧洲等地人们移民到美国的情
景，C项是他们刚到美国看到自由女神像时的反应，符合语境。
13. A　上句说建自由女神像不是美国人的主意，A项承接上文，说明
它是法国人的杰作。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　I was once a dropout （辍学生）.I know how powerfully a 　14　
can influence the life of a person who does not 　15　herself.I quit school
at sixteen to work.Years later， I had a（n） 　16　 and couldn’t work
for months.With an unemployable father and a mentally ill mother to
support， I couldn’t 　17　 to give up.
　　Searching the ads， I found a notice that our local community college
offered free work 　18　.One requirement was a high-school diploma or
GED certificate.Years ago， I got my GED certificate， but with 　19　
scores.After my physical injury healed， I went to meet Ruby Martin，
the advisor who would 　20　 me.
　　Feeling uncertain about the result， I sat 　21　waiting while Mrs
Martin looked over my score sheet.I was 　22　 to hear her blame me for
wasting her valuable time.She looked at me for a long moment before she
spoke.
　　“Why did you apply for this 　23　？” she asked.“Why aren’t
you applying to college？”
　　With my face burning with 　24　， I could only whispered，
“Because I am 　25　.”
　　For the next hour， she explained that my 　26　 were very high
indeed.She assured me that I was not only not stupid， but that I
would 　27　 an excellent candidate for the training program.
　　I regained my 　28　.Later， I got a bachelor’s degree and became
a teacher just like her.To teach is to touch a life.It was Ruby Martin who
touched my life forever.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。高中辍学的作者在一位素不相识的
老师的鼓励下重新点燃自信，最终也成为一名老师。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。高中辍学的作者在一位素不相识的
老师的鼓励下重新点燃自信，最终也成为一名老师。
14. A. motto B. parent
C. friend D. teacher
解析： 　根据最后一段中的I got a bachelor’s degree and became
a teacher just like her可知，作者是在一位老师的鼓励下改变了人
生道路。
15. A. comment on B. believe in
C. rely on D. turn down
解析： 　根据第二、三段内容可知，作者认为自己的GED分
数低，所以自己笨，没有自信申请大学，因此她是不相信自己
的能力。
16. A. disease B. patient
C. accident D. baby
解析： 　根据第二段中的After my physical injury healed可知，作
者因意外而受伤不能工作。
17. A. wait B. help C. afford D. agree
解析： 　根据上文可知，作者要挣钱赡养父母，所以她不能
放弃。
18. A. opportunities B. experience
C. certificates D. training
解析： 　根据倒数第二段末句中for the training program可知，作
者申请参加免费的工作培训项目。
19. A. high B. low C. special D. passing
解析： 根据but的转折以及下文的stupid可知，作者认为自己考
的分数低。
20. A. assess B. employ
C. challenge D. accept
解析： 　根据下文可知，Ruby Martin查看作者的成绩册，评估
作者是否可以参加这个项目。
21. A. excitedly B. curiously
C. nervously D. comfortably
解析： 　根据上下文可知，因为作者认为自己分数低，不知道
能不能被录取，所以很紧张。
22. A. desperate B. prepared
C. sorry D. disappointed
解析： 　根据上文可知，作者认为只是抱着试一试的想法来参
加面试，所以已经做好了不被录取的准备。
23. A. program B. university
C. job D. degree
解析： 　根据下文中的for the training program可知，老师问作者
为什么要参加这个培训项目，而不是申请上大学。
24. A. excitement B. anger
C. cold D. shame
解析： 　根据上文可知，作者认为自己分数低，所以感觉羞
愧。
25. A. poor B. tired C. stupid D. disabled
解析： 　根据下文中的She assured me that I was not only not
stupid可知，作者说自己很笨。
26. A. salaries B. positions
C. scores D. expectations
解析： 　根据上文老师问她为什么不申请上大学可知，老师认
为作者的分数是很高的。
27. A. make B. meet C. employ D. affect
解析： 　根据语境可知，作者GED分数很高，智力很好，所以
会成为一个优秀的培训项目的候选人。
28. A. dignity B. fame
C. balance D. confidence
解析： 　作者以前认为自己笨，没有自信，后来得到学位而且
成了老师，由此说明她恢复了自信。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　To welcome the arrival of “World Tai Chi Day” in 2024， the
China Cultural Center in Paris 29. 　　　　　 （special） held a 24-
position Tai Chi workshop in the “Chinese Story” series of lectures on
27 April.
　　Senior Tai Chi teacher and martial arts coach Zhang Jianyong and
martial arts teacher John Huynh jointly 30. 　　　　　　 （teach） the
theoretical essence and essential movements， the twenty-four postures of
Tai Chi.
　　18 Tai Chi 31. 　　　　　　 （lover） from both France and
Switzerland travelled to attend the class.
　　The twenty-four postures of Tai Chi are a comprehensive routine
32. 　　　　　　 collects the essence of Tai Chi and is continuously
modified （修正） from consistent practice.
　　Zhang explained 33. 　　　　　　 detail the ideological soul and
technical essentials of Tai Chi， as each move embodies the essence of the
combination， mutual balance and close connection of yin and yang.
　　Sébastien Lalardie， an information engineer， got
34. 　　　　　　 （involve） with Chinese martial arts 17 years ago.He
said that the workshop was very successful.35. 　　　　　　 he has
practiced Tai Chi for many years， the course also taught him more than
he has learned.Tai Chi is an endless source of knowledge.He hopes that
the center will continue 36. 　　　　　　 （hold） Chinese martial arts
workshops.
　　World Tai Chi Day， which falls on the last Saturday of April，
37. 　　　　　　 （celebrate） in Paris for 12 years.Tai Chi，
38. 　　　　　　 centuries-old Chinese martial art characterized by
gentle movement exercises， has been widely accepted by people around
the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。为迎接2024年“世界太极日”的到
来，位于巴黎的中国文化中心于4月27日特别举办了“中国故事”系
列讲座中的24式太极工作坊。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。为迎接2024年“世界太极日”的到
来，位于巴黎的中国文化中心于4月27日特别举办了“中国故事”系
列讲座中的24式太极工作坊。
29. specially　本空后面是谓语动词held，因此这里应用副词来修
饰它。
30. taught　根据上下文可知，这里应用一般过去时。
31. lovers　这里表示18名太极爱好者，因此应用可数名词lover的复数
形式。
32. which/that　本空前面的a comprehensive routine是先行词，这里由
关系代词which/that引导一个定语从句，关系代词在从句中作主语。
33. in　in detail是固定短语，表示“详细地”。
34. involved　get/become/be involved in表示“参与”。
35. Although/Though/While　这里前后两个分句之间是转折关系，因
此用从属连词Although/Though/While引导让步状语从句。
36. to hold/holding　continue to do sth/continue doing sth表示“继续做
某事”。
37. has been celebrated　本句时间状语为for 12 years，且表示“被庆
祝”，因此用现在完成时的被动语态。
38. a　这里表示“太极拳是一种具有数百年历史的中国武术”，因此
用不定冠词a来修饰后面的名词martial art。
谢谢观看！

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