资源简介

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.She put a b　　　　　　 over the sleeping child and then came to the living room.
2.The Giant Buddha in Leshan was c　　　　　　 out of a single piece of stone of the mountain.
3.A long v　　　　　　 running north to south， Jiuzhaigou was selected as a World Heritage Site in 1992.
4.The airline wants to build a huge airport in the s　　　　　　 of the city.
5.When I came to the source of the Yangtze River， a beautiful landscape 　　　　　　（展现） before my eyes.
6.A satellite was sent into space by the 　　　　　　（巨大的） force from that giant rocket.
7.The virtual 　　　　　　（壮丽的） scenes in the game have made lots of children lost in them.
8.The outline of the ship becomes more 　　　　　　（清晰的）.
9.It is reported that 　　　　　　（城市的） crime is on the decrease now.
10.The 　　　　　　（动态的） data shows that the sales of their products have increased this month.
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.While travelling to the 　　　　　　（deep） of the ocean is certainly possible， it is a difficult and dangerous task.
2.The world’s first university 　　　　　　（botany） garden was created in Padua in 1545， which makes it the oldest surviving example of this type of cultural property.
3.　　　　　　 （bloom） flowers are seen here and there on both sides of the road.
4.Historically， there has been a lot of prejudice against 　　　　　　（ethnic） mixed people.
5.The new law makes no 　　　　　　（distinct） between adults and children.
6.Home to many ethnic 　　　　　　（minor） groups， Yunnan Province is rich in culture.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.考虑到他的年龄，他可称得上是个很出众的赛跑运动员了。（given用作介词）
　　　　　　　　　　　　， he’s a remarkably fast runner.
2.麦田中央躺着一对双胞胎，凝视着天上的星星。（完全倒装）
In the center of the wheat field 　　　　　　　　　　　　， staring at the stars in the sky.
3.三亚有一些世界上最美丽的海滩。因此，它是最受游客欢迎的目的地之一也就不足为奇了。（come as no surprise）
Sanya has some of the most beautiful beaches in the world.So 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　it is one of the most popular destinations for visitors.
4.便捷的交通让这个公园成为市民们更愿意去游览的地方。（make＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
The convenient transportation 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for the citizens to visit.
5.如果明天下雨的话，我们就得推迟运动会。（省略if的条件句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 tomorrow， we would have to put off the sports meeting.
6.她来到一条两岸长着红花绿草的小河边。（with复合结构）
She came to a river 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
维度四：课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　Canada， a vast and beautiful country 1.　　　　　 （stretch） from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean， is a land of diversity.There is great 2.　　　　　　 （geography） diversity in Canada.Deep valleys among the grand Rocky Mountains 3.　　　　　 （carve） by ice and water.Many national parks have been established as protected areas， making 4.　　　　　　 possible for the public to visit and enjoy them.The mighty Niagara Falls is one of 5.　　　　　　 most unique scenic spots in the country.
　　Canada’s diversity is also reflected in its residents.Aside from those indigenous peoples 6.　　　　　　 ancestors settled on this land thousands of years ago， there are also European settlers living there for 7.　　　　　　 （century）.You may feel like traveling 8.　　　　　　 time and space in the country.For example， in Vancouver， you will find yourself 9.　　　　　　 （expose） to Chinese culture， while in Montreal， you can taste French-flavored food and see the original buildings in the French style of architecture.Canada has been 10.　　　　　 （consistent） ranked by the United Nations as one of the best countries to live in.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　My wife and I had decided on Ireland for our first big family trip.It’s been about a hundred years since my Irish ancestors left County Carlow for Canada.I’m so-so on U2 （a famous Irish rock band）.Irish pubs in Ontario don’t inspire me much.The most “Irish” thing about me is a ginger beard （姜黄色的胡子） and an occasional drink.My excitement for this trip was firmly rooted in the opportunity to drive on the “wrong” side of the road for a couple of weeks.
　　We arrived in Dublin from the overnight flight with our two kids.After picking up our rental car， we headed west.Wherever we went， I felt an undeniable sense of closeness with strangers.It wasn’t just the faces that looked like they were pulled out of my family’s photo albums.I felt at ease with the conversational shorthand （简略的表达方式） here， too and the shared appreciation for a self-deprecating （自嘲式的） joke.
　　I’ve recently learned the word “anemoia” means nostalgia （怀旧） for a time or a place you’ve never known.For me， the word describes the kind of longing I encountered on this trip.I’ve never experienced a longing to know Ireland or even my family’s history beyond a couple of generations.But during an hour-long trip to Inishmore Island， with the North Atlantic waves knocking us about， I felt a desire to repair the connection to my ancestors.
　　One day on the island， when the rain got worse， we opted for a tour bus to take us to Dún Aonghasa， a 3，000-year-old stone fort （堡垒）.As I walked around， I started to feel excited.By the time we entered the innermost ring of the fort， I was swimming in enthusiasm for our trip.Dún Aonghasa was full of meaning I couldn’t understand but sensed was valuable to me.For the first time in my life， I could personalise something ancient.I felt that I belonged.Yes， Ireland had many memorable things.But it was a pile of rocks that gave me the ancestral awakening I needed.
1.Which part of the trip to Ireland excited the author？（　　）
A.Enjoying local drinks.
B.Meeting a famous rock band.
C.Driving differently from usual.
D.Finding his long-lost family members.
2.How did the author feel when he was in Dublin？（　　）
A.Awkward. B.Proud.
C.Confused. D.Comfortable.
3.What does “anemoia” mean to the author？（　　）
A.Unforgettable life experiences.
B.The desire to connect to his roots.
C.The longing for another trip to Ireland.
D.Mixed feelings about the good old days.
4.How did the visit to Dún Aonghasa impact the author？（　　）
A.It helped him rediscover himself.
B.It excited his interest in travelling.
C.It awakened his enthusiasm for nature.
D.It deepened his understanding of Irish history.
B
　　When Sebastian “Ted” Hinton was a child， his father， a Princeton mathematician， built a cubic （立方体的） bamboo grid （网格） in the family’s backyard to teach Hinton to visualize space in three dimensions as he moved through the structure.But the kid was more drawn to climbing and swinging on the bars.Reflecting on this experience years later， Hinton thought of a variant on his father’s design — a cubic metal playground frame fashioned like “a kind of forest top through which a group of children may play in a manner somewhat similar to that of a group of monkeys”.On 23 October 1923， Hinton was awarded the first of a series of US patents for his “jungle gym”， and the monkey bars were born.
　　These days， hardly anyone is aware of the scientific reasoning behind this playground option.“Climbing is the natural method of movement which the evolutionary ancestors of humans were designed to practice，” Hinton argued in his first patent， “and is therefore almost ideally suited for children.”Research has borne out Hinton’s ideas.In recent decades， anthropologists （人类学家） have shown that play-climbing is a universal behavior among young primates （灵长类动物）.Other researchers have found rich evidence of climbing in the fossilized bones of human ancestors.
　　Today， Hinton’s invention continues to fuel a debate about children’s health， because monkey bars result in more injuries than any other playground structure.Various versions of the device sent half a million children to US hospital emergency rooms from 2009 to 2014.
　　Young primates have always invited serious injury by play-climbing and falling.Primatologists view these behaviors as a critical means of fine-tuning fundamental motor skills.And despite the rise of “ultrasafe” playgrounds in the 1990s， many developmental psychologists argue that risky play is essential for healthy growth and development in children， perhaps because risk-taking helps kids handle their fears， providing a kind of blueprint for responding effectively to real-life danger.
5.Why did Hinton’s father build the cubic bamboo grid？（　　）
A.To catch monkeys.
B.For children to play.
C.To encourage Hinton to climb.
D.As a way to teach Hinton science.
6.Which of the following can replace the underlined part “borne out” in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.confirmed B.challenged
C.launched D.examined
7.Why do Hinton’s monkey bars cause a debate？（　　）
A.They involve risky play.
B.They have a complex structure.
C.They are too expensive to build.
D.They cause much trouble for hospitals.
8.What attitude do developmental psychologists tend to have toward Hinton’s monkey bars？（　　）
A.Critical. B.Indifferent.
C.Favorable. D.Contradictory.
C
　　After talking about it for years， I finally got to visit Puglia in 2021.Not for a week or two but an entire month.I am glad that I married a half-Italian.
　　A little background， my husband’s father’s family is from Salento in Puglia and they even have a place to stay there on the beach.I have heard about this place ever since I got married.I ended up visiting it six years after being married.
　　Honestly， it wasn’t my first time in Italy.I was in the Trentino region before but most of the Italians told me that “the real Italy only starts from the south of Rome”.Anyway， I was all set to have a very “average” experience in the south of Italy in every sense but I was in for a surprise.That’s because I have visited a lot of amazing beaches and islands.Moreover， I have also visited countries that are known for their amazing food and I thought I’d find Italian food very “plain and basic”， but I was wrong.I didn’t expect to love it so much.
　　If there’s one country that’s so culturally powerful that everyone has to experience it at least once， it has got to be Italy.In terms of culture， family， food， art， architecture and music — they all play an important part individually and wholly.Italians take pride in their culture.
　　It is hard to describe how it is to experience a new culture.I come from a country where culture plays a very visible part and I felt something similar in Italy.Even if you arrive in Italy with a closed mind， over time the country will win you over because you can’t help but fall in love with it.
9.Why does the author always want to visit Puglia？（　　）
A.It’s where she was born.
B.It’s a famous tourist site.
C.She is interested in Roman culture.
D.She has heard of it for long.
10.How does the author feel after visiting the south of Italy？（　　）
A.Curious. B.Proud.
C.Amazed. D.Disappointed.
11.What impressed the author most about Italy？（　　）
A.Its culture.
B.Its architecture.
C.Its scenery.
D.Its geographical location.
12.Where does this text probably come from？（　　）
A.A travel diary.
B.A science report.
C.A geography textbook.
D.An advertising brochure.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　 Say you’re on vacation at Niagara Falls.You want to take an amazing photo that captures （捕捉） the exceptional beauty of the waterfalls.13.（　　）
The thing is ...you’re not a professional photographer.So， what do you do？ Here are some tips that can step up your photography game.
　　14.（　　）
　　Before you snap （拍摄） a shot， ask yourself：What are you trying to document and why？ That may be as simple as saying to yourself，“I’m going to take a picture of this painting at the museum because I like the colours.” It can help you focus on what you want to remember.
　　 Make a shot list.
　　Professional photographers often create“shot lists” — a checklist of every photo they hope to capture， along with notes on style and composition — to ensure they get the coverage they need.You can try this same approach on your vacation.15.（　　）
　　Capture the ordinary.
　　16.（　　） These scenes may not feel impressive enough to photograph in the moment， but they’re ones you’re likely to want to remember after your trip is over.The images may be as simple as your dad napping （打盹） on the plane or your beloved backpack.
　　Study your photos.
　　It can be hard to appreciate your photos in the rush of a trip.17.（　　） You’ll most likely find some surprises — a glance of a friend in the background or a dangling （悬挂的） flower from a tree branch.Keep an eye out for anything that makes you happy.Above all， what matters is that the photo is meaningful to you.
A.Learn from the professionals.
B.Think before you take a photo.
C.Try to capture moments or objects that may seem“ordinary”.
D.Thus， wait until you’re back home to study your images more carefully.
E.Tapping into your senses is another way to add dimension to your pictures.
F.However，you don’t want to take the same photo that everyone else is taking.
G.Such a list can help figure out your photo goals and identify what you’re most excited about.
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础知识自测
维度一
1.blanket　2.carved　3.valley　4.suburbs　5.unfolded
6.mighty　7.splendid　8.distinct　9.urban　10.dynamic
维度二
1.depths　2.botanical　3.Blooming　4.ethnically
5.distinction　6.minority
维度三
1.Given his age
2.lay the twins
3.it comes as no surprise that
4.makes the park a preferred place
5.Should it rain/Were it to rain
6.with green grass and red flowers on both sides
维度四
1.stretching　2.geographical　3.are carved　4.it　5.the　6.whose　7.centuries　8.through　9.exposed
10.consistently
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者虽然是首次来到爱尔兰，却在旅途中收获了归属感。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，对于这次爱尔兰之旅，让作者感到兴奋的是有机会在另一侧道路开车，即以与平时不同的方式来开车。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，在都柏林时，作者对陌生人有种莫名的亲近感，他们和作者的家人长得很像，作者对他们简略的表达方式也感到很自在，而且彼此都很喜欢自嘲的笑话。由此可知，当作者在都柏林时，他感到很舒适。
3.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的For me， the word describes the kind of longing I encountered on this trip.以及I felt a desire to repair the connection to my ancestors可知，对作者来说，“anemoia”这个词描述了他在这次旅行中感受到的一种渴望；他渴望修复与祖先之间的关系。由此可知，对作者来说，“anemoia”这个词是指和他的故乡建立联系的一种渴望。
4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后四句可知，作者生平第一次与历史古迹建立了一种感情，Dún Aonghasa给他带来了一种归属感，让他与自己的家族历史建立了联系。由此可推知，这次Dún Aonghasa之行让作者重新找到了自己。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了攀爬架的由来以及有关它的争议。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，Hinton的父亲搭建竹制网格是为了教Hinton科学知识。
6.A　词义猜测题。第二段中Hinton的观点是，攀爬是人类祖先在进化中练习的一种本能，是非常适合孩童的，后面的研究表明，嬉戏攀爬是幼年灵长类动物的普遍行为，并在人类祖先的骨骼化石中发现了丰富的攀爬证据。由此可知，研究“证实了（confirmed）” Hinton的观点。
7.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的because monkey bars result in more injuries可知，在攀爬架玩可能导致孩子们受伤。因此，这是有风险的游戏，这让攀爬架一直处在争论之中。
8.C　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的many developmental psychologists argue that risky play is essential for healthy growth and development in children可知，很多发展心理学家认为“有风险的游戏有利于孩童的健康成长和发展”。由此可知，他们对攀爬架持支持的态度。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者游览意大利南部之后的感受。
9.D　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和第二段最后一句可知，作者一直想去普利亚区的原因是她很久之前就听说了这个地方。
10.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的I was in for a surprise和I didn’t expect to love it so much.可知，作者在游览了意大利南部之后，感到很惊讶。
11.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的If there’s one country that’s so culturally powerful that everyone has to experience it at least once， it has got to be Italy.可知，给作者印象最深的是意大利的文化。
12.A　文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者在游览意大利南部之后的感受。由此可知，文章可能选自一本旅行日记。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在度假时拍摄优质照片的几个技巧。
13.F　上文指出假设你正在尼亚加拉瀑布度假，你想拍一张令人惊叹的照片，捕捉瀑布的非凡之美。下文提到了你并非专业摄影师，那么你会怎么做？接下来的几段介绍了能提高摄影水平的几个技巧。F项符合语境，且与上文构成转折关系。
14.B　通读该段内容可知，该段介绍的技巧是在拍照之前，你可以问问自己：你想记录什么？为什么？B项概括了本段主旨，适合作小标题。
15.G　上文说明了专业摄影师通常会拟订一个“拍摄清单”，确保他们能拍到自己想要的内容。在度假时，你也可以尝试一下这个方法。G项紧承上文，符合语境。G项中的Such a list呼应上文中的shot lists。
16.C　根据该段小标题可知，该段介绍的拍照技巧是捕捉普通的事物，故C项符合语境。C项中的capture和ordinary分别与小标题中的Capture和ordinary构成原词复现。
17.D　上文说明了在匆忙的旅行中，你可能很难顾得上欣赏你的照片。下文指出你很可能会发现一些惊喜，并进行举例说明。D项符合语境，与上文构成因果关系。D项中的study your images与小标题Study your photos.相呼应。
5 / 5Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
Canada — a land of diversity
　　[1]Canada is like a blooming① flower， unfolding② with breathtaking③ beauty and richness to win the heart of those who enjoy what it has to offer.[2] It is a broad and beautiful country stretching④ from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. It is also one of the most ethnically⑤ diverse nations in the world with distinct⑥ cultures.
　　[1]句中动词-ing短语unfolding ...作伴随状语；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those；what引导宾语从句，作动词enjoy的宾语。
　　[2]句中动词-ing短语stretching ...作后置定语，修饰名词country。
　　In the ten provinces and three territories⑦ which make up⑧ Canada， there is great diversity in geography. [3]To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains， which are home to high peaks and deep valleys⑨ carved⑩ by ice and water. Ancient， slow-moving glaciers hug the land and a huge variety of wildlife wanders the remote forests.[4]The establishment of national parks makes many of these beautiful places protected areas for the public to visit and enjoy， such as Banff and Jasper National Parks.One truly unique scenic spot in Canada is the mighty Niagara Falls with water rushing over its edge in a splendid display of sights and sounds.
　　[3]句中表示地点的介词短语To the east of the Pacific coast作状语，置于句首时，主句使用完全倒装结构；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Rocky Mountains；过去分词短语carved by ice and water作后置定语，修饰名词valleys。
　　[4]句中makes many of these beautiful places protected areas为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，其中protected作定语，修饰areas； for the public to visit and enjoy作后置定语，修饰areas。
　　Apart from its geographical diversity， Canada’s many rural areas and urban centers reflect the diversity of its residents. [5]Some of Canada’s earliest settlers， who are thought to be ancestors of the indigenous peoples， crossed the Bering Strait by means of a land bridge from a place now known as Siberia. They settled on this vast land thousands of years ago. The first Europeans also started to settle in some of the eastern provinces centuries ago. Today， Canada reflects a vast combination of ethnic backgrounds. About one out of five people in Canada’s population is foreign-born. The major ethnic groups， for example， include the English， Scottish and French， while the minority groups include residents from Singapore and the Pacific Islands.
　　[5]句中主句谓语是crossed； 介词短语by means of a land bridge from a place now known as Siberia作方式状语，其中known as Siberia作后置定语，修饰名词place；who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句主语Some of Canada’s earliest settlers；主句宾语是the Bering Strait。
　　This ethnic variety， in turn ， brings about cultural diversity. [6]Should you find yourself in one of these subcultures， languages， cuisine ， architecture， art and music will define your encounter.For example， in Vancouver， a dynamic city with the highest percentage of Chinese Canadians in the country， you can participate in the celebrations of the Chinese New Year， or you may take tea in the Dr Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden. In Montreal， one of the largest French-speaking cities in the world， you can sample the food with a typical French flavor and see the original buildings in the French style of architecture. [7]Finally， if you are looking for something off the beaten track ， you may visit Cape Breton Island in the province of Nova Scotia， where you can dance to fiddle tunes and enjoy the cultures and traditions of Celtic settlers. As you are exposed to diverse cultures， you may feel transported through time and space. [8]Given these cultural differences， it comes as no surprise that Canada has been celebrating Multiculturalism Day since 2002.
　　[6]句中Should置于句首，省略连词if，构成倒装。
　　[7]句中where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Cape Breton Island。
　　[8]句中Given用作介词，意为“考虑到，鉴于”，相当于considering；it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。
　　From the towering mountain peaks to the depths of the forests to the urban centers， Canada’s geographical wonders， ethnic groups and their cultures make it a unique place to live and visit. Indeed， it has been consistently ranked by the United Nations as one of the best countries to live in， and visitors are always welcome！
【读文清障】
①blooming adj.盛开的，开花的
bloom vi.开花；变得健康（或快活、自信）
n.（常指供观赏的）花；健康有精神的面貌
②unfold vi.& vt.开花；展开，打开；展示，展现
fold vt.折叠；对折；包，裹
n.褶，褶层，折叠部分
③breathtaking adj.令人惊叹的
breathtaking beauty 惊人的美丽
④stretch vi.伸展；拉长
stretch from ...to ... 从……延伸到……
⑤ethnically adv.种族地
ethnic adj.种族的
ethnic/racial discrimination/prejudice种族歧视/偏见
⑥distinct adj.截然不同的，有区别的，不同种类的；清楚的，清晰的
distinction n.区别；区分
⑦territory n.（加拿大）地区；领土，领地；领域
⑧make up 组成，构成
⑨valley n.山谷，溪谷
⑩carve vt.侵蚀，冲刷；雕，刻
glacier n.冰川
mighty adj.巨大的，非凡的；强而有力的
splendid adj.壮丽的，雄伟的；极佳的，非常好的
apart from 除了……外（还），此外；除了……外（都），要不是
urban adj.城市的，城镇的
rural adj.农村的
ancestor n.祖宗，祖先；原种
indigenous adj.本地的，土生土长的
strait n.海峡，水道
the Bering Strait 白令海峡
by means of 借助，通过……方式
minority n.少数民族，少数群体；少数，少数人
in turn 反过来；继而；转而
bring about 引起，导致
cuisine n.烹饪，风味；饭菜，菜肴
dynamic adj.（事物）有活力的；动态的，发展变化的；充满活力的
participate in 参加，参与
sample vt.尝，品尝，体验；抽样检验 n.样本，样品；取样
off the beaten track 不落俗套，打破常规；远离闹市，偏远
fiddle n.小提琴
Celtic adj.凯尔特人的，凯尔特语的
come as no surprise 不足为奇，毫不奇怪
depth n.最深处；深（度）；深刻；深厚
【参考译文】
加拿大——多元化的国度
　　加拿大如同一朵盛开的花儿，绽放出惊人的美丽与丰富，深受那些喜欢其多元化的人们的青睐。这是一个幅员辽阔、景色宜人的国家，从大西洋绵延至太平洋。它也是世界上最具种族多样性的国家之一，有着丰富多样的文化。
　　组成加拿大的十个省份和三个地区在地理风貌上有很大的差异。太平洋海岸向东耸立着巍峨的落基山脉，这里有高耸的山峰和被冰川与水流侵蚀而成的深谷。古老的冰川缓缓移动，向陆地靠近，种类繁多的野生生物在偏远的森林中漫步。国家公园的建立使得很多这样美丽的地方成为供公众游玩和欣赏的保护区，如班夫国家公园和贾斯珀国家公园。加拿大真正独一无二的一处景点是气势恢宏的尼亚加拉瀑布，水流从边缘倾泻而下，景色壮观，水声轰鸣。
　　除了其地理环境的多样性，加拿大的许多农村地区和城市中心还体现了其居民的多样性。加拿大最早期的一些移民被认为是土著民族的祖先，从现称作西伯利亚的地方经由大陆桥穿越白令海峡而来。数千年前，他们在这片辽阔的土地上定居。数百年前，第一批欧洲人也开始在加拿大东部的一些省份定居。今天，加拿大反映了各种民族背景的广泛融合。加拿大人口中大约有五分之一是在外国出生的。例如，主要的族群包括英格兰人、苏格兰人和法国人，而少数族裔包括来自新加坡和太平洋岛屿的居民。
　　种族多元化相应地导致文化多元化。如果你发现自己置身于其中一种亚文化中，那么（它的）语言、饮食、建筑、艺术和音乐都会说明你邂逅的是何种文化。例如，在温哥华这个活力四射的城市，加拿大华人的比例全国最高，你可以参加中国新年的庆祝活动，也可以到中山公园喝喝茶。在蒙特利尔，世界上最大的讲法语的城市之一，你可以品尝具有典型法式风味的美食，还可以观赏原汁原味的法式风格建筑。最后，如果你想独辟蹊径的话，可以去新斯科舍省的布雷顿角岛玩玩。在岛上，你可以随着小提琴的曲调翩翩起舞，感受凯尔特移民的文化和传统。当你接触到不同的文化时，你可能会产生穿越时空之感。考虑到这些文化差异，加拿大自 2002年起就一直在庆祝多元文化日也就不足为奇了。
　　从巍峨山峰到森林深处，再到城市中心，加拿大的地理奇观、种族群体及其文化使之成为独特的居住和旅游胜地。的确，加拿大一直被联合国列为最宜居的国家之一，一直欢迎游客的到来！
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
　
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What does the author compare Canada to？（　　）
A.A piece of leaf. B.A blooming flower.
C.A national park. D.A land of diversity.
2.Which of the following descriptions of Canada is TRUE according to Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.Canada is made up of ten provinces and four territories.
B.The mighty Niagara Falls is a unique scenic spot in Canada.
C.The grand Rocky Mountains lie along the Pacific coastlines.
D.The public are forbidden to visit the national parks such as Banff and Jasper National Parks.
3.Where did some of Canada’s earliest settlers come from？（　　）
A.Europe. B.South America.
C.Asia. D.Australia.
4.Where would you go if you want to enjoy Chinese lifestyle in Canada？（　　）
A.Nova Scotia. B.Vancouver.
C.Montreal. D.Toronto.
5.Who are called the minority group in Canada？（　　）
A.The English.
B.The Scottish.
C.The French.
D.Residents from Singapore and the Pacific Islands.
6.What do you most probably do if you are in Montreal？（　　）
A.Sampling the food with a typical French flavor.
B.Participating in the celebrations of the Chinese New Year.
C.Taking tea in the Dr Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden.
D.Seeing the original buildings in the English style of architecture.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）以-ity结尾的名词
①minority 少数民族，少数群体；少数，少数人
②purity 纯洁，纯净
③majority 大部分；大多数
④similarity 相似性；相似处
⑤priority 优先；优先权
⑥ability 能力；才能；本领；才智
（2）后缀-th高频名词荟萃
①depth 最深处；深（度）；深刻；深厚
②strength 力量
③warmth 温暖
④width 宽度
⑤length 长度
⑥breadth 宽度；（知识、兴趣等）广泛
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
明喻：明喻是明确地把被描写的事物比喻成与之相似的事物的一种修辞手法，常用as或like等词对两种不同的事物进行比较。
请从课文中找出一个有此类用法的句子，背诵并翻译。
原句：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
翻译：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
仿写：①太阳像火一样炙烤着地球。（like）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
②我伸手去摸她的脸，发现她的脸像冰一样凉。（as ...as ...）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：析难句，清阅读障碍
1.To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains， which are home to high peaks and deep valleys carved by ice and water.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Some of Canada’s earliest settlers， who are thought to be ancestors of the indigenous peoples， crossed the Bering Strait by means of a land bridge from a place now known as Siberia.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.Finally， if you are looking for something off the beaten track， you may visit Cape Breton Island in the province of Nova Scotia， where you can dance to fiddle tunes and enjoy the cultures and traditions of Celtic settlers.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：拓视野，育思维品质
1.Canada is a land of diversity， and so is China.What aspects can reflect China’s diversity？（Critical Thinking 批判性思维）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.As a teenager， what attitude should we take towards different cultures and our own cultures？ （Creative Thinking 创造性思维）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
distinct adj.截然不同的，有区别的，不同种类的；清楚的，清晰的
【教材原句】　It is also one of the most ethnically diverse nations in the world with distinct cultures.它也是世界上最具种族多样性的国家之一，有着丰富多样的文化。
【用法】
（1）be distinct from 与……截然不同 （2）distinction n. 差别，区别，对比；优秀，杰出 with distinction 以优异的成绩，以杰出的表现 without distinction　 无差别地，一视同仁地 （3）distinguish v. 区分；辨别；使出众 distinguish A from B/between A and B 把A和B区分开 distinguish oneself as/to be ... 作为……而享有盛名
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Besides， English is a foreign language， which is distinct 　　　　　　Chinese.
②She had the 　　　　　　（distinct） of being the first woman to fly the Atlantic.
③They can even distinguish their mother’s voice 　　　　　　that of a female stranger.
【写美】　完成句子
④Mozart’s style 　　　　　　　　Haydn’s.
莫扎特在风格上与海顿截然不同。
minority n.少数民族，少数群体；少数，少数人
【教材原句】　The major ethnic groups， for example， include the English， Scottish and French， while the minority groups include residents from Singapore and the Pacific Islands.例如，主要的族群包括英格兰人、苏格兰人和法国人，而少数族裔包括来自新加坡和太平洋岛屿的居民。
【用法】
（1）the/a minority of ...　　少数…… be in the/a minority 占少数 （2）minor adj. 较小的，次要的 v. 辅修 （3）majority n. 大多数，大部分 be in the/a majority 占大多数 （4）major adj. 主要的；主修的 v. 主修
【佳句】　Only a minority of students are interested in politics these days.
目前，只有少数学生对政治感兴趣。
The majority were against the plan put forward at the meeting.
大多数人反对会议上提出的计划。
【点津】　“the majority/minority＋of＋名词”作主语时，其后的谓语动词的单复数与of之后的名词的单复数一致。
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The town is home to 5 ethnic 　　　　　　（minor）， most diverse region of that country.
②Only a 　　　　　　（minor） of the children are fond of doing housework while most of them enjoy playing games.
③　　　　　　　　　　　　 faced with difficulty in the frontier of the major.
我们少数人在该专业尖端领域面临困难。
④Women 　　　　　　　　in the top ranks of the company.
在公司的高级职位中，女性只占少数。
【写美】　翻译句子
⑤在那个城市只有少数人没有汽车，而乘坐地铁上班的人却占了大多数。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
come as no surprise不足为奇，毫不奇怪
【教材原句】　Given these cultural differences， it comes as no surprise that Canada has been celebrating Multiculturalism Day since 2002.
考虑到这些文化差异，加拿大自2002年起就一直在庆祝多元文化日也就不足为奇了。
【用法】
take sb by surprise 　　使某人惊诧，出乎某人意料 take sb/sth by surprise 突袭；出其不意地抓获 in surprise 吃惊地，惊讶地 to sb’s surprise＝to the surprise of sb 使某人吃惊的是
【佳句】　It comes as no surprise to find that healthy people are happier than those who aren’t healthy.
当你发现健康的人们比那些失去健康的人们更加快乐时，这一点都不奇怪。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①　　　　　　 his surprise， he saw potatoes and bread in front of him.
②Paul looked at the boy 　　　　　　surprise and said，“Would you like to take a ride in my car？”
③Her promotion to Sales Manager took everyone 　　　　　　surprise.
【写美】　完成句子
④It 　　　　　　　　　　　　to hear that he’s been fired.
听到他被解雇的消息我毫不奇怪。
depth n.最深处；深（度）；深刻；深厚
【教材原句】　From the towering mountain peaks to the depths of the forests to the urban centers， Canada’s geographical wonders， ethnic groups and their cultures make it a unique place to live and visit.
从巍峨山峰到森林深处，再到城市中心，加拿大的地理奇观、种族群体及其文化使之成为独特的居住和旅游胜地。
【用法】
（1）a metre/foot/...in depth 一米/一英尺/……深 in depth　　　　　全面；深入；详细 at a depth of 在……深处 （2）deep adj. 深的；深奥的，难懂的；酣睡的，沉睡的；深切的，衷心的 adv. 在深处；至深处；深深地 deep into the night 直到深夜 be deep in thought 陷入深思 （3）deeply adv. 深刻地，强烈地，深沉地 （4）deepen vt. 加深，（使）变深
【佳句】　Many dolphins can dive to depths of 200 metres.许多海豚可以潜到200米深。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He had been resting his head in his hands， deep 　　　　　　thought.
②The new policy 　　　　　　（deep） changed market structure and price trends.
③It is a good opportunity for students to 　　　　　　（deep） their understanding of different cultures.
【写美】　完成句子
④The submarine lies 　　　　　　　　　　6，000 feet in the Barents Sea.
潜艇位于巴伦支海水下6000英尺深处。
⑤I haven’t 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　yet.
我还没细看这份报告。
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：完全倒装
【教材原句】　To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains， which are home to high peaks and deep valleys carved by ice and water.
太平洋海岸向东耸立着巍峨的落基山脉，这里有高耸的山峰和被冰川与水流侵蚀而成的深谷。
【用法】
句中To the east of ...是一个完全倒装句，谓语rise放在主语the grand Rocky Mountains的前面。 （1）当表示地点的介词短语，如on a hill、 in the valley、 round the corner等位于句首，主语为名词，谓语动词为be、 come、 go、 lie、 stand、 walk等时，句子常用完全倒装，即将整个谓语部分放在主语前面。 （2）当here、 there、 out、 in、 up、 down、 off、 away、 now、 then等置于句首，主语为名词，且谓语为be、 go、 come等不及物动词时，句子要用完全倒装。 （3）当作表语的形容词、过去分词等较短，而主语相对较长时，为了保持句子平衡可将表语前置构成完全倒装。
【品悟】　All of a sudden out of the cave rushed a tiger.突然从山洞中冲出一只老虎。
Gone are the days when we were looked down upon.
我们被瞧不起的日子一去不复返了。
In the distance there stood a desk against the wall.在远处靠墙放着一张书桌。
【写美】　完成句子/句型转换
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， which is between the garden and the teaching building.
我们学校的中心是图书馆，它在花园和教学楼之间。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　 were the headmaster， the English teachers， and the students’ parents.
出席会议的有校长、英语教师和学生家长。
③The teacher’s sweet voice came into the complete silence of the waiting class.（改为倒装句）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
④Many old people and children are standing on both sides of the street.（改为倒装句）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
⑤They arrived at an old church.A big crowd of people stood in front of the old church.（改为含有定语从句的倒装句）
→They arrived at an old church， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
句型公式：with复合结构
【教材原句】　One truly unique scenic spot in Canada is the mighty Niagara Falls with water rushing over its edge in a splendid display of sights and sounds.加拿大真正独一无二的一处景点是气势恢宏的尼亚加拉瀑布，水流从边缘倾泻而下，景色壮观，水声轰鸣。
【用法】
（1）句中with water rushing over its edge是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，在句中作状语，可表示原因、伴随情况等，也可作后置定语。 （2）with复合结构主要有以下几种情况： with＋名词/ 　代词＋
【品悟】　With the meeting over， all the people left the room.
会议结束后，所有人都离开了房间。
【写美】　完成句子
①Reminding Jack of safety， Mary smiled and continued her work， 　　　　　　　　　　.
玛丽提醒杰克注意安全，微笑着继续她的工作，汗流浃背。（读后续写之人物描写）
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， his house looks like a splendid garden.
大楼周围种着许多盛开的花朵，他的房子看起来像一个美丽的花园。（读后续写之环境描写）
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we haven’t decided on the final plan yet.
有这么多事情要考虑，我们还没有决定最终的计划。
句型公式：should 置于句首，省略if的虚拟条件句
【教材原句】　Should you find yourself in one of these subcultures， languages， cuisine， architecture， art and music will define your encounter.
如果你发现自己置身于其中一种亚文化中，那么（它的）语言、饮食、建筑、艺术和音乐都会说明你邂逅的是何种文化。
【用法】
（1）句中Should 置于句首，省略连词if，构成倒装，相当于 If you should find yourself ... （2）虚拟语气在if非真实条件句中的三种用法： 情况从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在 事实 相反一般过去时（be的过去式用were）would/should/could/might＋动词原形与过去 事实 相反过去完成时would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词与将来 事实 相反一般过去时（be的过去式用were）； should＋动词原形； were to＋动词原形would/should/could/might＋动词原形虚拟条件句中若含有were、 had或should，可以把if省略，把were， had或should提到句首，构成部分倒装。
【品悟】　Were my brother here （＝If my brother were here）， everything would be all right.
要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。
【写美】　用省略if的虚拟条件句完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　， you would have caught the train.
如果你早点起床，你就会赶上火车了。
②I would talk with him 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
如果他明天有空，我会和他谈话的。
③　　　　　　　　　　， I would have walked round that lake then.
如果我有时间，我当时会在湖的周围走走。
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the student could not overcome her difficulty.
如果没有老师们的支持，这个学生是无法克服她的困难的。（应用文写作之感谢信）
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I would have put the mobile phone back into my pocket.
如果你提醒我了，我就会把手机放回口袋了。
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.ethnic　2.geography　3.ethnically　4.the Bering Strait　5.Europeans　6.Singapore　7.cultures　8.dynamic
9.French-speaking　10.unique
第二步
1－6　BBCBDA
第三步
2.Canada is like a blooming flower， unfolding with breathtaking beauty and richness to win the heart of those who enjoy what it has to offer.
加拿大如同一朵盛开的花儿，绽放出惊人的美丽与丰富，深受那些喜欢其多元化的人们的青睐。
①The sun is burning the earth like fire.
②I reached out to touch her face， which was as cold as the ice.
第四步
1.太平洋海岸向东耸立着巍峨的落基山脉，这里有高耸的山峰和被冰川与水流侵蚀而成的深谷。
2.加拿大最早期的一些移民被认为是土著民族的祖先，从现称作西伯利亚的地方经由大陆桥穿越白令海峡而来。
3.最后，如果你想独辟蹊径的话，可以去新斯科舍省的布雷顿角岛玩玩。在岛上，你可以随着小提琴的曲调翩翩起舞，感受凯尔特移民的文化和传统。
第五步
1.China’s diversity is reflected in its geography， wildlife and people.China has spectacular deserts， jungles， grassy plains and wetlands， which play an important role in creating its unique biodiversity.Animals like the giant panda and the Yangtze River dolphin， are examples of this.China has so many different minorities that travellers can experience a range of local traditions and cultures.
2.We should show respect for different cultures and take pride in and carry forward our own cultures.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①from　②distinction　③from　④is quite distinct from
2.①minorities　②minority　③The minority of us are
④are in the minority　⑤Only a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking the subway to work are in the/a majority.
3.①To　②in　③by　④comes as no surprise to me
4.①in　②deeply　③deepen　④at a depth of
⑤looked at the report in depth
Part Ⅱ
1.①In the center of our school lies the library　②Present at the meeting　③Into the complete silence of the waiting class came the teacher’s sweet voice.　④Standing on both sides of the street are many old people and children.
⑤in front of which stood a big crowd of people
2.①with sweat streaming down
②With many blooming flowers planted around the building
③With so many things to consider
3.①Had you got up earlier　②should he be free tomorrow　③Had I had time　④Were it not for the support of the teachers　⑤Had you reminded me
13 / 13(共122张PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Canada — a land of diversity
　　[1]Canada is like a blooming① flower， unfolding② with
breathtaking③ beauty and richness to win the heart of those who enjoy
what it has to offer.[2] It is a broad and beautiful country stretching④
from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. It is also one of the most ethnically
⑤ diverse nations in the world with distinct⑥ cultures.
　　[1]句中动词-ing短语unfolding ...作伴随状语；who引导定语从
句，修饰先行词those；what引导宾语从句，作动词enjoy的宾语。
　　[2]句中动词-ing短语stretching ...作后置定语，修饰名词
country。
【读文清障】
①blooming adj.盛开的，开花的
bloom vi.开花；变得健康（或快活、自信）
n.（常指供观赏的）花；健康有精神的面貌
②unfold vi.& vt.开花；展开，打开；展示，展现
fold vt.折叠；对折；包，裹
n.褶，褶层，折叠部分
③breathtaking adj.令人惊叹的
breathtaking beauty 惊人的美丽
④stretch vi.伸展；拉长
stretch from ...to ... 从……延伸到……
⑤ethnically adv.种族地
ethnic adj.种族的
ethnic/racial discrimination/prejudice种族歧视/偏见
⑥distinct adj.截然不同的，有区别的，不同种类的；清楚的，清晰的
distinction n.区别；区分
　　In the ten provinces and three territories⑦ which make up⑧
Canada， there is great diversity in geography. [3]To the east of the
Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains， which are home to high
peaks and deep valleys⑨ carved⑩ by ice and water. Ancient， slow-
moving glaciers hug the land and a huge variety of wildlife wanders the
remote forests.[4]The establishment of national parks makes many of
these beautiful places protected areas for the public to visit and enjoy，
such as Banff and Jasper National Parks.One truly unique scenic spot in
Canada is the mighty Niagara Falls with water rushing over its edge in a
splendid display of sights and sounds.
　　[3]句中表示地点的介词短语To the east of the Pacific coast作状
语，置于句首时，主句使用完全倒装结构；which引导非限制性定语
从句，修饰先行词Rocky Mountains；过去分词短语carved by ice and
water作后置定语，修饰名词valleys。
　　[4]句中makes many of these beautiful places protected areas为
“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，其中protected作定语，修饰
areas； for the public to visit and enjoy作后置定语，修饰areas。
⑦territory n.（加拿大）地区；领土，领地；领域
⑧make up 组成，构成
⑨valley n.山谷，溪谷
⑩carve vt.侵蚀，冲刷；雕，刻
glacier n.冰川
mighty adj.巨大的，非凡的；强而有力的
splendid adj.壮丽的，雄伟的；极佳的，非常好的
　　Apart from its geographical diversity， Canada’s many rural
areas and urban centers reflect the diversity of its residents. [5]Some of
Canada’s earliest settlers， who are thought to be ancestors of the
indigenous peoples， crossed the Bering Strait by means of a land
bridge from a place now known as Siberia. They settled on this vast land
thousands of years ago. The first Europeans also started to settle in some
of the eastern provinces centuries ago. Today， Canada reflects a vast
combination of ethnic backgrounds. About one out of five people in
Canada’s population is foreign-born.
The major ethnic groups， for example， include the English， Scottish
and French， while the minority groups include residents from
Singapore and the Pacific Islands.
　　[5]句中主句谓语是crossed； 介词短语by means of a land bridge
from a place now known as Siberia作方式状语，其中known as Siberia作
后置定语，修饰名词place；who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句主
语Some of Canada’s earliest settlers；主句宾语是the Bering Strait。
apart from 除了……外（还），此外；除了……外（都），要不是
urban adj.城市的，城镇的
rural adj.农村的
ancestor n.祖宗，祖先；原种
indigenous adj.本地的，土生土长的
strait n.海峡，水道
the Bering Strait 白令海峡
by means of 借助，通过……方式
minority n.少数民族，少数群体；少数，少数人
　　This ethnic variety， in turn ， brings about cultural diversity.
[6]Should you find yourself in one of these subcultures， languages，
cuisine ， architecture， art and music will define your encounter.For
example， in Vancouver， a dynamic city with the highest percentage of
Chinese Canadians in the country， you can participate in the
celebrations of the Chinese New Year， or you may take tea in the Dr Sun
Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden. In Montreal， one of the largest
French-speaking cities in the world， you can sample the food with a
typical French flavor and see the original buildings in the French style of
architecture.
[7]Finally， if you are looking for something off the beaten track ，
you may visit Cape Breton Island in the province of Nova Scotia， where
you can dance to fiddle tunes and enjoy the cultures and traditions of
Celtic settlers. As you are exposed to diverse cultures， you may feel
transported through time and space. [8]Given these cultural differences，
it comes as no surprise that Canada has been celebrating
Multiculturalism Day since 2002.
　　From the towering mountain peaks to the depths of the forests to the
urban centers， Canada’s geographical wonders， ethnic groups and
their cultures make it a unique place to live and visit. Indeed， it has been
consistently ranked by the United Nations as one of the best countries to
live in， and visitors are always welcome！
　　[6]句中Should置于句首，省略连词if，构成倒装。
　　[7]句中where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Cape Breton
Island。
　　[8]句中Given用作介词，意为“考虑到，鉴于”，相当于
considering；it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。
in turn 反过来；继而；转而
bring about 引起，导致
cuisine n.烹饪，风味；饭菜，菜肴
dynamic adj.（事物）有活力的；动态的，发展变化的；充满活力的
participate in 参加，参与
sample vt.尝，品尝，体验；抽样检验 n.样本，样品；取样
off the beaten track 不落俗套，打破常规；远离闹市，偏远
fiddle n.小提琴
Celtic adj.凯尔特人的，凯尔特语的
come as no surprise 不足为奇，毫不奇怪
depth n.最深处；深（度）；深刻；深厚
【参考译文】
加拿大——多元化的国度
　　加拿大如同一朵盛开的花儿，绽放出惊人的美丽与丰富，深受那
些喜欢其多元化的人们的青睐。这是一个幅员辽阔、景色宜人的国
家，从大西洋绵延至太平洋。它也是世界上最具种族多样性的国家之
一，有着丰富多样的文化。
　　组成加拿大的十个省份和三个地区在地理风貌上有很大的差异。
太平洋海岸向东耸立着巍峨的落基山脉，这里有高耸的山峰和被冰川
与水流侵蚀而成的深谷。古老的冰川缓缓移动，向陆地靠近，种类繁
多的野生生物在偏远的森林中漫步。国家公园的建立使得很多这样美
丽的地方成为供公众游玩和欣赏的保护区，如班夫国家公园和贾斯珀
国家公园。加拿大真正独一无二的一处景点是气势恢宏的尼亚加拉瀑
布，水流从边缘倾泻而下，景色壮观，水声轰鸣。
　　除了其地理环境的多样性，加拿大的许多农村地区和城市中心还
体现了其居民的多样性。加拿大最早期的一些移民被认为是土著民族
的祖先，从现称作西伯利亚的地方经由大陆桥穿越白令海峡而来。数
千年前，他们在这片辽阔的土地上定居。数百年前，第一批欧洲人也
开始在加拿大东部的一些省份定居。今天，加拿大反映了各种民族背
景的广泛融合。加拿大人口中大约有五分之一是在外国出生的。例
如，主要的族群包括英格兰人、苏格兰人和法国人，而少数族裔包括
来自新加坡和太平洋岛屿的居民。
　　种族多元化相应地导致文化多元化。如果你发现自己置身于其中
一种亚文化中，那么（它的）语言、饮食、建筑、艺术和音乐都会说
明你邂逅的是何种文化。例如，在温哥华这个活力四射的城市，加拿
大华人的比例全国最高，你可以参加中国新年的庆祝活动，也可以到
中山公园喝喝茶。在蒙特利尔，世界上最大的讲法语的城市之一，你
可以品尝具有典型法式风味的美食，还可以观赏原汁原味的法式风格
建筑。最后，如果你想独辟蹊径的话，可以去新斯科舍省的布雷顿角
岛玩玩。在岛上，你可以随着小提琴的曲调翩翩起舞，感受凯尔特移
民的文化和传统。当你接触到不同的文化时，你可能会产生穿越时空
之感。
考虑到这些文化差异，加拿大自 2002年起就一直在庆祝多元文化日也
就不足为奇了。
　　从巍峨山峰到森林深处，再到城市中心，加拿大的地理奇观、种
族群体及其文化使之成为独特的居住和旅游胜地。的确，加拿大一直
被联合国列为最宜居的国家之一，一直欢迎游客的到来！
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. What does the author compare Canada to？（　　）
A. A piece of leaf. B. A blooming flower.
C. A national park. D. A land of diversity.
2. Which of the following descriptions of Canada is TRUE according to
Paragraph 2？（　　）
A. Canada is made up of ten provinces and four territories.
B. The mighty Niagara Falls is a unique scenic spot in Canada.
C. The grand Rocky Mountains lie along the Pacific coastlines.
D. The public are forbidden to visit the national parks such as Banff and
Jasper National Parks.
3. Where did some of Canada’s earliest settlers come from？（　　）
A. Europe. B. South America.
C. Asia. D. Australia.
4. Where would you go if you want to enjoy Chinese lifestyle in Canada？
（　　）
A. Nova Scotia. B. Vancouver.
C. Montreal. D. Toronto.
5. Who are called the minority group in Canada？（　　）
A. The English.
B. The Scottish.
C. The French.
D. Residents from Singapore and the Pacific Islands.
6. What do you most probably do if you are in Montreal？（　　）
A. Sampling the food with a typical French flavor.
B. Participating in the celebrations of the Chinese New Year.
C. Taking tea in the Dr Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden.
D. Seeing the original buildings in the English style of architecture.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）以-ity结尾的名词
①minority 少数民族，少数群体；少数，少数人
②purity 纯洁，纯净
③majority 大部分；大多数
④similarity 相似性；相似处
⑤priority 优先；优先权
⑥ability 能力；才能；本领；才智
（2）后缀-th高频名词荟萃
①depth 最深处；深（度）；深刻；深厚
②strength 力量
③warmth 温暖
④width 宽度
⑤length 长度
⑥breadth 宽度；（知识、兴趣等）广泛
2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
明喻：明喻是明确地把被描写的事物比喻成与之相似的事物的一种
修辞手法，常用as或like等词对两种不同的事物进行比较。
请从课文中找出一个有此类用法的句子，背诵并翻译。
原句：


翻译：

Canada is like a blooming flower， unfolding with
breathtaking beauty and richness to win the heart of those who enjoy
what it has to offer.　
加拿大如同一朵盛开的花儿，绽放出惊人的美丽与丰富，
深受那些喜欢其多元化的人们的青睐。　

②我伸手去摸她的脸，发现她的脸像冰一样凉。（as ...as ...）

The sun is burning the earth like fire.　
I reached out to touch her face， which was as cold as the ice.　
仿写：①太阳像火一样炙烤着地球。（like）
第四步：析难句，清阅读障碍
1. To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains， which
are home to high peaks and deep valleys carved by ice and water.
句式分析
自主翻译

太平洋海岸向东耸立着巍峨的落基山脉，这里有高耸的山
峰和被冰川与水流侵蚀而成的深谷。　

2. Some of Canada’s earliest settlers， who are thought to be ancestors
of the indigenous peoples， crossed the Bering Strait by means of a
land bridge from a place now known as Siberia.
句式分析
自主翻译

加拿大最早期的一些移民被认为是土著民族的祖先，从现
称作西伯利亚的地方经由大陆桥穿越白令海峡而来。　
3. Finally， if you are looking for something off the beaten track， you
may visit Cape Breton Island in the province of Nova Scotia， where
you can dance to fiddle tunes and enjoy the cultures and traditions of
Celtic settlers.
句式分析
自主翻译


最后，如果你想独辟蹊径的话，可以去新斯科舍省的布雷
顿角岛玩玩。在岛上，你可以随着小提琴的曲调翩翩起舞，感受凯尔
特移民的文化和传统。　
第五步：拓视野，育思维品质
1. Canada is a land of diversity， and so is China.What aspects can reflect
China’s diversity？（Critical Thinking 批判性思维）






　China’s diversity is reflected in its geography， wildlife and
people.China has spectacular deserts， jungles， grassy plains and
wetlands， which play an important role in creating its unique
biodiversity.Animals like the giant panda and the Yangtze River
dolphin， are examples of this.China has so many different minorities
that travellers can experience a range of local traditions and cultures.　
2. As a teenager， what attitude should we take towards different cultures
and our own cultures？ （Creative Thinking 创造性思维）


　We should show respect for different cultures and take pride in and
carry forward our own cultures.　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
distinct adj.截然不同的，有区别的，不同种类的；清楚的，清晰的
【教材原句】　It is also one of the most ethnically diverse nations in the
world with distinct cultures.
它也是世界上最具种族多样性的国家之一，有着丰富多样的文化。
【用法】
（1）be distinct from　与……截然不同
（2）distinction n. 差别，区别，对比；优秀，杰出
with distinction 以优异的成绩，以杰出的表现
without distinction 无差别地，一视同仁地
（3）distinguish v.　　　　区分；辨别；使出众
distinguish A from B/between A and B 把A和B区分开
distinguish oneself as/to be ... 作为……而享有盛名
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Besides， English is a foreign language， which is distinct
Chinese.
②She had the （distinct） of being the first woman to fly
the Atlantic.
③They can even distinguish their mother’s voice that of a
female stranger.
【写美】　完成句子
④Mozart’s style Haydn’s.
莫扎特在风格上与海顿截然不同。
from　
distinction　
from　
is quite distinct from　
minority n.少数民族，少数群体；少数，少数人
【教材原句】　The major ethnic groups， for example， include the
English， Scottish and French， while the minority groups include
residents from Singapore and the Pacific Islands.
例如，主要的族群包括英格兰人、苏格兰人和法国人，而少数族裔包
括来自新加坡和太平洋岛屿的居民。
【用法】
（1）the/a minority of ...　　少数……
be in the/a minority 占少数
（2）minor adj. 较小的，次要的
v. 辅修
（3）majority n. 大多数，大部分
be in the/a majority 占大多数
（4）major adj. 主要的；主修的
v. 主修
【佳句】　Only a minority of students are interested in politics these
days.
目前，只有少数学生对政治感兴趣。
The majority were against the plan put forward at the meeting.
大多数人反对会议上提出的计划。
【点津】　“the majority/minority＋of＋名词”作主语时，其后的谓
语动词的单复数与of之后的名词的单复数一致。
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The town is home to 5 ethnic （minor）， most diverse
region of that country.
②Only a （minor） of the children are fond of doing
housework while most of them enjoy playing games.
③ faced with difficulty in the frontier of the
major.
我们少数人在该专业尖端领域面临困难。
④Women in the top ranks of the company.
在公司的高级职位中，女性只占少数。
minorities　
minority　
The minority of us are　
are in the minority　
【写美】　翻译句子
⑤在那个城市只有少数人没有汽车，而乘坐地铁上班的人却占了
大多数。


　Only a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people
taking the subway to work are in the/a majority.　
come as no surprise不足为奇，毫不奇怪
【教材原句】　Given these cultural differences， it comes as no
surprise that Canada has been celebrating Multiculturalism Day since
2002.
考虑到这些文化差异，加拿大自2002年起就一直在庆祝多元文化日也
就不足为奇了。
【用法】
take sb by surprise 　　使某人惊诧，出乎某人意料
take sb/sth by surprise 突袭；出其不意地抓获
in surprise 吃惊地，惊讶地
to sb’s surprise＝to the surprise of sb 使某人吃惊的是
【佳句】　It comes as no surprise to find that healthy people are happier
than those who aren’t healthy.
当你发现健康的人们比那些失去健康的人们更加快乐时，这一点都不
奇怪。
【练透】　单句语法填空
① his surprise， he saw potatoes and bread in front of him.
②Paul looked at the boy surprise and said，“Would you like to
take a ride in my car？”
③Her promotion to Sales Manager took everyone surprise.
【写美】　完成句子
④It to hear that he’s been fired. 听到他
被解雇的消息我毫不奇怪。
To　
in　
by　
comes as no surprise to me　
depth n.最深处；深（度）；深刻；深厚
【教材原句】　From the towering mountain peaks to the depths of the
forests to the urban centers， Canada’s geographical wonders， ethnic
groups and their cultures make it a unique place to live and visit.
从巍峨山峰到森林深处，再到城市中心，加拿大的地理奇观、种族群
体及其文化使之成为独特的居住和旅游胜地。
【用法】
（1）a metre/foot/...in depth 一米/一英尺/……深
in depth　　　　　　全面；深入；详细
at a depth of 在……深处
（2）deep adj.　　　　深的；深奥的，难懂的；酣睡的，沉睡的；
深切的，衷心的
adv. 在深处；至深处；深深地
deep into the night 直到深夜
be deep in thought 陷入深思
（3）deeply adv. 深刻地，强烈地，深沉地
（4）deepen vt. 加深，（使）变深
【佳句】　Many dolphins can dive to depths of 200 metres.许多海豚可
以潜到200米深。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He had been resting his head in his hands， deep thought.
②The new policy （deep） changed market structure and
price trends.
③It is a good opportunity for students to （deep） their
understanding of different cultures.
in　
deeply　
deepen　
【写美】　完成句子
④The submarine lies 6，000 feet in the Barents Sea.
潜艇位于巴伦支海水下6000英尺深处。
⑤I haven’t yet.
我还没细看这份报告。
at a depth of　
looked at the report in depth　
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：完全倒装
【教材原句】　To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky
Mountains， which are home to high peaks and deep valleys carved by ice
and water.
太平洋海岸向东耸立着巍峨的落基山脉，这里有高耸的山峰和被冰川
与水流侵蚀而成的深谷。
【用法】
句中To the east of ...是一个完全倒装句，谓语rise放在主语the grand
Rocky Mountains的前面。
（1）当表示地点的介词短语，如on a hill、 in the valley、 round the
corner等位于句首，主语为名词，谓语动词为be、 come、 go、 lie、
stand、 walk等时，句子常用完全倒装，即将整个谓语部分放在主语
前面。
（2）当here、 there、 out、 in、 up、 down、 off、 away、 now、
then等置于句首，主语为名词，且谓语为be、 go、 come等不及物动
词时，句子要用完全倒装。
（3）当作表语的形容词、过去分词等较短，而主语相对较长时，为
了保持句子平衡可将表语前置构成完全倒装。
【品悟】　All of a sudden out of the cave rushed a tiger.突然从山洞中
冲出一只老虎。
Gone are the days when we were looked down upon.我们被瞧不起的日
子一去不复返了。
In the distance there stood a desk against the wall.在远处靠墙放着一张
书桌。
【写美】　完成句子/句型转换
① ， which is between the
garden and the teaching building.
我们学校的中心是图书馆，它在花园和教学楼之间。
② were the headmaster， the English
teachers， and the students’ parents.
出席会议的有校长、英语教师和学生家长。
In the center of our school lies the library　
Present at the meeting　
③The teacher’s sweet voice came into the complete silence of the
waiting class.（改为倒装句）
→

④Many old people and children are standing on both sides of the street.
（改为倒装句）
→

Into the complete silence of the waiting class came the teacher’s
sweet voice.　
Standing on both sides of the street are many old people and
children.　
⑤They arrived at an old church.A big crowd of people stood in front of
the old church.（改为含有定语从句的倒装句）
→They arrived at an old church，
.
in front of which stood a big crowd of
people　
句型公式：with复合结构
【教材原句】　One truly unique scenic spot in Canada is the mighty
Niagara Falls with water rushing over its edge in a splendid display of
sights and sounds.
加拿大真正独一无二的一处景点是气势恢宏的尼亚加拉瀑布，水流从
边缘倾泻而下，景色壮观，水声轰鸣。
【用法】
（1）句中with water rushing over its edge是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足
语”结构，在句中作状语，可表示原因、伴随情况等，也可作后置
定语。
（2）with复合结构主要有以下几种情况：
with＋名词/
代词＋
【品悟】　With the meeting over， all the people left the room.会议结
束后，所有人都离开了房间。
【写美】　完成句子
①Reminding Jack of safety， Mary smiled and continued her
work， .
玛丽提醒杰克注意安全，微笑着继续她的工作，汗流浃背。　（读后
续写之人物描写）
② ， his
house looks like a splendid garden.
大楼周围种着许多盛开的花朵，他的房子看起来像一个美丽的花园。　
（读后续写之环境描写）
with sweat streaming down　
With many blooming flowers planted around the building　
③ ， we haven’t decided on the
final plan yet.
有这么多事情要考虑，我们还没有决定最终的计划。
With so many things to consider　
句型公式：should 置于句首，省略if的虚拟条件句
【教材原句】　Should you find yourself in one of these subcultures，
languages， cuisine， architecture， art and music will define your
encounter.如果你发现自己置身于其中一种亚文化中，那么（它的）
语言、饮食、建筑、艺术和音乐都会说明你邂逅的是何种文化。
【用法】
（1）句中Should 置于句首，省略连词if，构成倒装，相当于 If you
should find yourself ...
（2）虚拟语气在if非真实条件句中的三种用法：
情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词
与现在 事实相
反 一般过去时（be的过
去式用were） would/should/could/might＋动词原
形
与过去 事实相
反 过去完成时 would/should/could/might＋have＋过
去分词
与将来 事实相
反 一般过去时（be的过
去式用were）； should＋动词原形； were to＋动词原形 would/should/could/might＋动词原
形
虚拟条件句中若含有were、 had或should，可以把if省略，把were，
had或should提到句首，构成部分倒装。
【品悟】　Were my brother here （＝If my brother were here），
everything would be all right.
要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。
【写美】　用省略if的虚拟条件句完成句子
① ， you would have caught the train.
如果你早点起床，你就会赶上火车了。
②I would talk with him .
如果他明天有空，我会和他谈话的。
③ ， I would have walked round that lake then.
如果我有时间，我当时会在湖的周围走走。
Had you got up earlier　
should he be free tomorrow　
Had I had time　
④ ， the student could not
overcome her difficulty.
如果没有老师们的支持，这个学生是无法克服她的困难的。　（应用
文写作之感谢信）
⑤ ， I would have put the mobile phone back
into my pocket.
如果你提醒我了，我就会把手机放回口袋了。
Were it not for the support of the teachers　
Had you reminded me　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. She put a b over the sleeping child and then came to the living
room.
2. The Giant Buddha in Leshan was c out of a single piece of stone
of the mountain.
lanket　
arved　
3. A long v running north to south， Jiuzhaigou was selected as a
World Heritage Site in 1992.
alley　
4. The airline wants to build a huge airport in the s of the city.
5. When I came to the source of the Yangtze River， a beautiful
landscape （展现） before my eyes.
6. A satellite was sent into space by the （巨大的） force
from that giant rocket.
7. The virtual （壮丽的） scenes in the game have made
lots of children lost in them.
8. The outline of the ship becomes more （清晰的）.
9. It is reported that （城市的） crime is on the decrease now.
10. The （动态的） data shows that the sales of their
products have increased this month.
uburbs　
unfolded　
mighty　
splendid　
distinct　
urban　
dynamic　
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. While travelling to the （deep） of the ocean is certainly
possible， it is a difficult and dangerous task.
2. The world’s first university （botany） garden was
created in Padua in 1545， which makes it the oldest surviving example
of this type of cultural property.
3. （bloom） flowers are seen here and there on both sides
of the road.
depths　
botanical　
Blooming　
4. Historically， there has been a lot of prejudice against
（ethnic） mixed people.
5. The new law makes no （distinct） between adults and
children.
6. Home to many ethnic （minor） groups， Yunnan
Province is rich in culture.
ethnically　
distinction　
minority　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1. 考虑到他的年龄，他可称得上是个很出众的赛跑运动员了。
（given用作介词）
， he’s a remarkably fast runner.
2. 麦田中央躺着一对双胞胎，凝视着天上的星星。（完全倒装）
In the center of the wheat field ， staring at the stars
in the sky.
Given his age　
lay the twins　
3. 三亚有一些世界上最美丽的海滩。因此，它是最受游客欢迎的目的
地之一也就不足为奇了。（come as no surprise）
Sanya has some of the most beautiful beaches in the world.So
it is one of the most popular destinations for
visitors.
4. 便捷的交通让这个公园成为市民们更愿意去游览的地方。（make
＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
The convenient transportation for
the citizens to visit.
it
comes as no surprise that　
makes the park a preferred place　
5. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就得推迟运动会。（省略if的条件句）
tomorrow， we would have to put off
the sports meeting.
6. 她来到一条两岸长着红花绿草的小河边。（with复合结构）
She came to a river .
Should it rain/Were it to rain　
with green grass and red flowers on both sides　
维度四：课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
　　Canada， a vast and beautiful country 1. （stretch）
from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean， is a land of diversity.There is
great 2. （geography） diversity in Canada.Deep
valleys among the grand Rocky Mountains 3. （carve） by
ice and water.Many national parks have been established as protected
areas， making 4. possible for the public to visit and enjoy
them.The mighty Niagara Falls is one of 5. most unique scenic
spots in the country.
stretching　
geographical　
are carved　
it　
the　
　　Canada’s diversity is also reflected in its residents.Aside from those
indigenous peoples 6. ancestors settled on this land thousands
of years ago， there are also European settlers living there for
7. （century）.You may feel like traveling 8.
time and space in the country.For example， in Vancouver， you will find
yourself 9. （expose） to Chinese culture， while in
Montreal， you can taste French-flavored food and see the original
buildings in the French style of architecture.Canada has been
10. （consistent） ranked by the United Nations as one
of the best countries to live in.
whose　
centuries　
through　
exposed　
consistently　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　My wife and I had decided on Ireland for our first big family
trip.It’s been about a hundred years since my Irish ancestors left County
Carlow for Canada.I’m so-so on U2 （a famous Irish rock band）.Irish
pubs in Ontario don’t inspire me much.The most “Irish” thing about
me is a ginger beard （姜黄色的胡子） and an occasional drink.My
excitement for this trip was firmly rooted in the opportunity to drive on the
“wrong” side of the road for a couple of weeks.
　　We arrived in Dublin from the overnight flight with our two
kids.After picking up our rental car， we headed west.Wherever we
went， I felt an undeniable sense of closeness with strangers.It wasn’t
just the faces that looked like they were pulled out of my family’s photo
albums.I felt at ease with the conversational shorthand （简略的表达方
式） here， too and the shared appreciation for a self-deprecating （自嘲
式的） joke.
　　I’ve recently learned the word “anemoia” means nostalgia （怀
旧） for a time or a place you’ve never known.For me， the word
describes the kind of longing I encountered on this trip.I’ve never
experienced a longing to know Ireland or even my family’s history
beyond a couple of generations.But during an hour-long trip to Inishmore
Island， with the North Atlantic waves knocking us about， I felt a desire
to repair the connection to my ancestors.
　　One day on the island， when the rain got worse， we opted for a
tour bus to take us to Dún Aonghasa， a 3，000-year-old stone fort （堡
垒）.As I walked around， I started to feel excited.By the time we
entered the innermost ring of the fort， I was swimming in enthusiasm for
our trip.Dún Aonghasa was full of meaning I couldn’t understand but
sensed was valuable to me.For the first time in my life， I could
personalise something ancient.I felt that I belonged.Yes， Ireland had
many memorable things.But it was a pile of rocks that gave me the
ancestral awakening I needed.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者虽然是首次来到爱尔兰，却在
旅途中收获了归属感。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者虽然是首次来到爱尔兰，却在
旅途中收获了归属感。
1. Which part of the trip to Ireland excited the author？（　　）
A. Enjoying local drinks.
B. Meeting a famous rock band.
C. Driving differently from usual.
D. Finding his long-lost family members.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，对于这次爱尔
兰之旅，让作者感到兴奋的是有机会在另一侧道路开车，即以与平
时不同的方式来开车。
2. How did the author feel when he was in Dublin？（　　）
A. Awkward. B. Proud.
C. Confused. D. Comfortable.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，在都柏林时，作者
对陌生人有种莫名的亲近感，他们和作者的家人长得很像，作者对
他们简略的表达方式也感到很自在，而且彼此都很喜欢自嘲的笑
话。由此可知，当作者在都柏林时，他感到很舒适。
3. What does “anemoia” mean to the author？（　　）
A. Unforgettable life experiences.
B. The desire to connect to his roots.
C. The longing for another trip to Ireland.
D. Mixed feelings about the good old days.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段中的For me， the word
describes the kind of longing I encountered on this trip.以及I felt a
desire to repair the connection to my ancestors可知，对作者来说，
“anemoia”这个词描述了他在这次旅行中感受到的一种渴望；他
渴望修复与祖先之间的关系。由此可知，对作者来说，
“anemoia”这个词是指和他的故乡建立联系的一种渴望。
4. How did the visit to Dún Aonghasa impact the author？（　　）
A. It helped him rediscover himself.
B. It excited his interest in travelling.
C. It awakened his enthusiasm for nature.
D. It deepened his understanding of Irish history.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后四句可知，作者生平第
一次与历史古迹建立了一种感情，Dún Aonghasa给他带来了一种归
属感，让他与自己的家族历史建立了联系。由此可推知，这次Dún
Aonghasa之行让作者重新找到了自己。
B
　　When Sebastian “Ted” Hinton was a child， his father， a
Princeton mathematician， built a cubic （立方体的） bamboo grid （网
格） in the family’s backyard to teach Hinton to visualize space in three
dimensions as he moved through the structure.But the kid was more drawn
to climbing and swinging on the bars.Reflecting on this experience years
later， Hinton thought of a variant on his father’s design — a cubic metal
playground frame fashioned like “a kind of forest top through which a
group of children may play in a manner somewhat similar to that of a group
of monkeys”.On 23 October 1923， Hinton was awarded the first of a
series of US patents for his “jungle gym”， and the monkey bars were
born.
　　These days， hardly anyone is aware of the scientific reasoning
behind this playground option.“Climbing is the natural method of
movement which the evolutionary ancestors of humans were designed to
practice，” Hinton argued in his first patent， “and is therefore almost
ideally suited for children.”Research has borne out Hinton’s ideas.In
recent decades， anthropologists （人类学家） have shown that play-
climbing is a universal behavior among young primates （灵长类动
物）.Other researchers have found rich evidence of climbing in the
fossilized bones of human ancestors.
　　Today， Hinton’s invention continues to fuel a debate about
children’s health， because monkey bars result in more injuries than any
other playground structure.Various versions of the device sent half a
million children to US hospital emergency rooms from 2009 to 2014.
　　Young primates have always invited serious injury by play-climbing
and falling.Primatologists view these behaviors as a critical means of fine-
tuning fundamental motor skills.And despite the rise of “ultrasafe”
playgrounds in the 1990s， many developmental psychologists argue that
risky play is essential for healthy growth and development in children，
perhaps because risk-taking helps kids handle their fears， providing a
kind of blueprint for responding effectively to real-life danger.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了攀爬架的由来以及有关
它的争议。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了攀爬架的由来以及有关
它的争议。
5. Why did Hinton’s father build the cubic bamboo grid？（　　）
A. To catch monkeys.
B. For children to play.
C. To encourage Hinton to climb.
D. As a way to teach Hinton science.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，Hinton的父亲搭
建竹制网格是为了教Hinton科学知识。
6. Which of the following can replace the underlined part “borne out” in
Paragraph 2？（　　）
A. confirmed B. challenged
C. launched D. examined
解析：　词义猜测题。第二段中Hinton的观点是，攀爬是人类祖
先在进化中练习的一种本能，是非常适合孩童的，后面的研究表
明，嬉戏攀爬是幼年灵长类动物的普遍行为，并在人类祖先的骨骼
化石中发现了丰富的攀爬证据。由此可知，研究“证实了
（confirmed）” Hinton的观点。
7. Why do Hinton’s monkey bars cause a debate？（　　）
A. They involve risky play.
B. They have a complex structure.
C. They are too expensive to build.
D. They cause much trouble for hospitals.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段中的because monkey bars result
in more injuries可知，在攀爬架玩可能导致孩子们受伤。因此，这
是有风险的游戏，这让攀爬架一直处在争论之中。
8. What attitude do developmental psychologists tend to have toward
Hinton’s monkey bars？（　　）
A. Critical. B. Indifferent.
C. Favorable. D. Contradictory.
解析：　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的many developmental
psychologists argue that risky play is essential for healthy growth and
development in children可知，很多发展心理学家认为“有风险的游
戏有利于孩童的健康成长和发展”。由此可知，他们对攀爬架持支
持的态度。
C
　　After talking about it for years， I finally got to visit Puglia in
2021.Not for a week or two but an entire month.I am glad that I married a
half-Italian.
　　A little background， my husband’s father’s family is from
Salento in Puglia and they even have a place to stay there on the beach.I
have heard about this place ever since I got married.I ended up visiting it
six years after being married.
　　Honestly， it wasn’t my first time in Italy.I was in the Trentino
region before but most of the Italians told me that “the real Italy only
starts from the south of Rome”.Anyway， I was all set to have a very
“average” experience in the south of Italy in every sense but I was in for
a surprise.That’s because I have visited a lot of amazing beaches and
islands.Moreover， I have also visited countries that are known for their
amazing food and I thought I’d find Italian food very “plain and
basic”， but I was wrong.I didn’t expect to love it so much.
　　If there’s one country that’s so culturally powerful that everyone
has to experience it at least once， it has got to be Italy.In terms of
culture， family， food， art， architecture and music — they all play an
important part individually and wholly.Italians take pride in their culture.
　　It is hard to describe how it is to experience a new culture.I come
from a country where culture plays a very visible part and I felt something
similar in Italy.Even if you arrive in Italy with a closed mind， over time
the country will win you over because you can’t help but fall in love with
it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者游览意大利南
部之后的感受。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者游览意大利南
部之后的感受。
9. Why does the author always want to visit Puglia？（　　）
A. It’s where she was born.
B. It’s a famous tourist site.
C. She is interested in Roman culture.
D. She has heard of it for long.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和第二段最后一句可
知，作者一直想去普利亚区的原因是她很久之前就听说了这个
地方。
10. How does the author feel after visiting the south of Italy？（　　）
A. Curious. B. Proud.
C. Amazed. D. Disappointed.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段中的I was in for a surprise和I
didn’t expect to love it so much.可知，作者在游览了意大利南部
之后，感到很惊讶。
11. What impressed the author most about Italy？（　　）
A. Its culture.
B. Its architecture.
C. Its scenery.
D. Its geographical location.
解析：　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的If there’s one
country that’s so culturally powerful that everyone has to experience
it at least once， it has got to be Italy.可知，给作者印象最深的是意
大利的文化。
12. Where does this text probably come from？（　　）
A. A travel diary.
B. A science report.
C. A geography textbook.
D. An advertising brochure.
解析：　文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者在
游览意大利南部之后的感受。由此可知，文章可能选自一本旅行
日记。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　 Say you’re on vacation at Niagara Falls.You want to take an
amazing photo that captures （捕捉） the exceptional beauty of the
waterfalls.13.（　　） The thing is ...you’re not a professional
photographer.So， what do you do？ Here are some tips that can step up
your photography game.
　　14. （　　）
　　Before you snap （拍摄） a shot， ask yourself：What are you
trying to document and why？ That may be as simple as saying to
yourself，“I’m going to take a picture of this painting at the museum
because I like the colours.” It can help you focus on what you want to
remember.
　　 Make a shot list.
　　Professional photographers often create“shot lists” — a checklist of
every photo they hope to capture， along with notes on style and
composition — to ensure they get the coverage they need.You can try this
same approach on your vacation.15.（　　）
　　Capture the ordinary.
　　16. （　　） These scenes may not feel impressive enough to
photograph in the moment， but they’re ones you’re likely to want to
remember after your trip is over.The images may be as simple as your dad
napping （打盹） on the plane or your beloved backpack.
　　Study your photos.
　　It can be hard to appreciate your photos in the rush of a trip.17.
（　　） You’ll most likely find some surprises — a glance of a friend
in the background or a dangling （悬挂的） flower from a tree
branch.Keep an eye out for anything that makes you happy.Above all，
what matters is that the photo is meaningful to you.
A. Learn from the professionals.
B. Think before you take a photo.
C. Try to capture moments or objects that may seem“ordinary”.
D. Thus， wait until you’re back home to study your images more
carefully.
E. Tapping into your senses is another way to add dimension to your
pictures.
F. However，you don’t want to take the same photo that everyone else is
taking.
G. Such a list can help figure out your photo goals and identify what
you’re most excited about.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在度假时拍摄优质
照片的几个技巧。
13. F　上文指出假设你正在尼亚加拉瀑布度假，你想拍一张令人惊叹
的照片，捕捉瀑布的非凡之美。下文提到了你并非专业摄影师，那么
你会怎么做？接下来的几段介绍了能提高摄影水平的几个技巧。F项
符合语境，且与上文构成转折关系。
14. B　通读该段内容可知，该段介绍的技巧是在拍照之前，你可以
问问自己：你想记录什么？为什么？B项概括了本段主旨，适合作小
标题。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在度假时拍摄优质
照片的几个技巧。
15. G　上文说明了专业摄影师通常会拟订一个“拍摄清单”，确保
他们能拍到自己想要的内容。在度假时，你也可以尝试一下这个方
法。G项紧承上文，符合语境。G项中的Such a list呼应上文中的shot
lists。
16. C　根据该段小标题可知，该段介绍的拍照技巧是捕捉普通的事
物，故C项符合语境。C项中的capture和ordinary分别与小标题中的
Capture和ordinary构成原词复现。
17. D　上文说明了在匆忙的旅行中，你可能很难顾得上欣赏你的照
片。下文指出你很可能会发现一些惊喜，并进行举例说明。D项符合
语境，与上文构成因果关系。D项中的study your images与小标题
Study your photos.相呼应。
谢谢观看！

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