资源简介

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
维度一：基础题型练
根据语境用适当的关系词填空。
1.Her father works in a factory， 　　　　　　he makes cars.
2.The old lady has two daughters， one of 　　　　is working abroad.
3.This is one of the reasons 　　　　　　you have to give it up.
4.Whenever I met her， 　　　　　　was fairly often， she greeted me with a sweet smile.
5.　　　　　　 is reported in the newspaper， a serious accident has happened recently in the suburbs.
6.The owner paid the worker for cleaning the whole building， most of 　　　　　　hadn’t been cleaned for at least one month.
7.The old woman， 　　　　　　lives on her own， has a cat for company.
8.To be honest， my cousin is not such a fool 　　　　　　he looks.
9.Yang Liwei， 　　　　　　parents are teachers， is the first in China to travel into space.
10.These apple trees， 　　　　　　I planted on my own， have grown very well.
维度二：语法与写作
句型转换。
1.He visited the Great Wall again.He went there two years ago.
→He visited the Great Wall again， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.He failed in the examination.It made him a bit discouraged.
→He failed in the examination， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.He must be from Africa.It can be seen from his skin.
→He must be from Africa， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.He has organised a team of workers.All of them are hard-working.
→He has organised a team of workers， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.The people living in the village have moved to other areas.
→The people 　　　　　　　　　　　　have moved to other areas.
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用适当的关系词填空。
　　The very film 1.　　　　　　 is called Titanic is such a beautiful and sad love story， 2.　　　　　　 is popular with the public， 3.　　　　　　 hero and heroine are Jack and Rose.Rose was a young beautiful woman， 4.　　　　　　 went to America with her mother.Jack， 5.　　　　　　 won a ship ticket by playing cards， was a poor painter.They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic， 6.　　　　　　 they had a happy time.Sadly， the nice journey was destroyed by a huge iceberg， and Jack lost his life for saving Rose.Before Jack left Rose forever， he encouraged Rose to live well for him.7.　　　　　 is known to all， love is the strongest strength.And that’s the reason 8.　　　　　　 Rose could live on and tell us the moving story.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Robert Adolf， a 24-year-old vlogger from Germany， filmed the celebration activities of the Miao ethnic group at the Guzang Festival on 25 November.This marked the completion of Adolf and his friends’ task of filming all seven of Guizhou’s native ethnic groups for a documentary project.
　　The Guzang Festival is the traditional celebration of the Miao ethnic group， and married women from Yegai Village， Leishan County’s Langde Town， will travel together back to their parents’ homes in the village during the festival.
　　Crowds of Miao women dressed in traditional clothing have become a popular scene at the Guzang Festival， which attracts tourists from all over the globe.
　　That’s one of the reasons why Adolf attended the festival.He became interested in China’s history and culture due to the Disney movie Mulan when he was a child.He said that he came to China in 2017 to work for a German company in South Central China’s Hunan Province， and then moved to Lianyungang in East China’s Jiangsu Province to work in foreign trade.
　　Adolf speaks fluent Chinese and is commonly known as the “Germany’s Stuffed Steamed Bun” on Chinese social media platforms.During a trip to China’s rural areas， Adolf was impressed by China’s ethnic cultures and decided to shoot documentaries about China’s 56 ethnic groups.
　　In July 2021， Adolf and his three Chinese friends initiated their documentary project by hopping in a car and taking road trips to record the real lives of different Chinese ethnic groups.
　　Adolf and his friends departed from Lianyungang on 5 September and filmed the customs and cultures of Tujia， Miao， Dong， Bouyei， Yao and Sui ethnic groups in Hubei Province， Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guizhou Province.
　　When asked about Guizhou specifically， Adolf said， “I want to share Guizhou and China’s ethnic culture with the world to allow more people to learn about Guizhou and learn about China.”
1.Why did Adolf come to China？（　　）
A.He had a project in China.
B.He had many friends in China.
C.He was hired by a Chinese company.
D.He was fascinated by Chinese culture.
2.What made Adolf decide to shoot documentaries about China’s 56 ethnic groups？（　　）
A.An adventurous exploration.
B.An impressive travel experience.
C.A desire to realize his dream.
D.A deep understanding of Chinese culture.
3.What does the underlined word “initiated” in Paragraph 6 mean？（　　）
A.Started. B.Introduced.
C.Updated. D.Continued.
4.What’s the writing purpose of the text？（　　）
A.To compare Chinese culture and Western culture.
B.To share Adolf’s working experience in China.
C.To introduce a documentary project by Adolf.
D.To attract more foreign visitors to come to China.
B
　　In 1924， the world-famous sculptor Gutzon Borglum and his thirteen-year-old son took a trip together out west.They left their home in Connecticut and， days later， got off a train in Rapid City， South Dakota.Only about six thousand people lived in Rapid City.South Dakota had been a state for only thirty-five years.The Borglums actually were just in the center of the United States.
　　Gutzon had come to South Dakota to see if he could find a mountain to carve into the biggest sculpture in the country.He was a patriotic man， and his idea was to give America a sculpture to glorify its greatness.Perhaps it could be huge carvings of great Americans with heads as high as the tallest buildings.What an amazing idea！ But many people thought it was crazy.And no one， not even Borglum himself， realised how hard it would be to do.
　　Gutzon and his son， Lincoln， travelled into the wild country of the Black Hills.The Black Hills is an area 120 miles long and sixty miles wide.It rises up four thousand feet and more.The Borglum party climbed to the top of the tallest mountain， Harney Peak.Far away， Gutzon could see a granite （花岗石） mountain.It stood higher than the surrounding peaks.That would be the place for his giant sculpture！
　　The name of the mountain was Mount Rushmore.Today， huge six-storey-high carved heads of presidents George Washington， Thomas Jefferson， Theodore Roosevelt， and Abraham Lincoln gaze out from high on the granite face of Mount Rushmore.Borglum overcame an incredible number of obstacles to create this great national monument.He said it was like waging a one-man war.
　　Mount Rushmore has become a symbol of patriotism and pride for many Americans.But people from all over the world travel to marvel at it.Even so， there are people who think it should not ever have been made.
5.What do we learn about South Dakota in 1924？（　　）
A.It was a little wild.
B.It had a long history.
C.It had a large population.
D.It was in the south of America.
6.Why did Gutzon Borglum leave his home？（　　）
A.To explore nature.
B.To seek his fortune.
C.To complete a project.
D.To take an adventure trip.
7.What is special about Mount Rushmore？（　　）
A.Its economic status.
B.Its political significance.
C.Its cultural advantage.
D.Its geographical position.
8.Which of the following words can best describe Gutzon Borglum？（　　）
A.Curious and smart. B.Kind and generous.
C.Hard-working and practical. D.Ambitious and determined.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　 Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Middle East and one of the fastest-growing tourism destinations in the world.9.（　　）.AlUla and Diriyah are just a few examples of these heritage sites at the heart of Saudi Arabia’s destination development.Natural possessions are also a fundamental part of Saudi Arabia’s heritage and sustainability with preservation high on the agenda.NEOM will generate zero carbon emissions and Diriyah will welcome 27 million visitors while preserving the UNESCO site at Turaif and restoring Wadi Hanifah.10.（　　）.
　　Adventuring in deserts
　　Part of what’s special about the Arabian Peninsula — and specifically Saudi Arabia — is its desert.11.（　　）.From adrenaline-packed excursions like dune bashing and sandboarding to more serene， history-inspired activities such as camel riding and Arabian camping， the desert in Saudi Arabia serves as a canvas for more than just adventure travellers.
　　12.（　　）
　　Visit the country’s many mosques and traditional markets to experience a rhythm of life that has little changed over the centuries.And， for a taste of modern Saudi Arabia， don’t miss the urban districts and entertainment centres where people meet to shop， dine or just spend time with friends.Explore the different regions to experience the multicultural variety of foods， lifestyles and customs.
　　Exploring Riyadh
　　Riyadh is the birthplace of today’s Saudi Arabia where tradition meets 21st century vision.13.（　　）.The capital city’s fascinating centuries-old history can still be found within its atmospheric bazaars （市场）， impressive museums and ancient architecture.Riyadh Season， one of the world’s largest lifestyle festivals， is a celebration of Riyadh through every touch point — music， art， theatre and food， spanning several zones across the city and perfect for every visitor.
A.Visiting traditions
B.Experiencing multiculture
C.In fact， Saudi Arabia is home to one of the largest sand desert on Earth
D.Here are some inspiring recommendations for exploring this diverse country
E.Saudi Arabia has introduced electronic visa measures to 49 countries to promote its tourism
F.Saudi Arabia has six UNESCO World Heritage Sites and more than 10，000 archaeological sites
G.It is a thriving metropolis with world-class dining， art and shopping， and a growing cultural scene
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　While using a vacuum cleaner （真空吸尘器） at home in 1978， James Dyson 　14　 that the cleaner lost suction （抽吸力） when the bag was only partly filled.After giving it much 　15　， Dyson created a model using his old vacuum as a starting point.
　　The product development process was 　16　.He created over 5，000 models in three years， trying to 　17　 the product.During this time， he 　18　 the money he had borrowed and his home mortgage （抵押贷款） grew increasingly bigger.He needed to finally make some money from his 　19　.
　　Dyson approached a large number of 　20　 customers — all with the same 　21　 result.One common 　22　 for these turndowns was that these companies made a lot of money selling bags and the Dyson Vacuum didn’t 　23　 bags.But Dyson continued his 　24　 to find a company that would license his product.Finally， a Japanese company accepted it.In 2002 Dyson introduced his top-selling vacuum products to the United States and met with immediate 　25　.
　　When you’re 　26　 a difficult goal， think about James Dyson.Reaching any goal involves 　27　 barriers.Every goal， no matter how 　28　， will be achievable if you just keep working at it.
14.（　）A.proved B.forgot
C.noticed D.checked
15.（　）A.support B.thought
C.attention D.chance
16.（　）A.natural B.complete
C.special D.tough
17.（　）A.advertise B.clear
C.perfect D.design
18.（　）A.faced up to B.ran out of
C.set aside D.drew out
19.（　）A.donation B.company
C.invention D.account
20.（　）A.current B.potential
C.important D.international
21.（　）A.direct B.impressive
C.desired D.negative
22.（　）A.cause B.choice
C.source D.channel
23.（　）A.use B.sell
C.buy D.make
24.（　）A.claims B.needs
C.tasks D.efforts
25.（　）A.refusal B.contribution
C.success D.consequence
26.（　）A.establishing B.tackling
C.requiring D.achieving
27.（　）A.identifying B.avoiding
C.raising D.overcoming
28.（　）A.discouraging B.surprising
C.frightening D.disappointing
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　Lying in southeastern Xizang autonomous region and in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River， the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon is the world’s 29.　　　　　　 （big） and deepest canyon and the largest water vapour （水汽） channel on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.It 30.　　　　　　 （combine） soaring peaks with deep canyons — a rare natural wonder in the world’s history of river 31.　　　　　　 （develop）.
　　As the Yarlung Zangbo River took a horseshoe-shaped turn around Mount Namjagbarwa and then ran towards the Indian Ocean， the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon 32.　　　　　　 （create）.It is surrounded with snow-capped peaks， glaciers and forests， as well as 33.　　　　　　 （awe） waterfalls， hot springs， clear streams and 34.　　　　　　 （rush） rivers.
The Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon at the eastern end of the Himalayan range is home 35.　　　　　　 Mount Namjagbarwa， the highest mountain close to Nyingchi city， with 36.　　　　　　 altitude of 7，782 metres.The holy mountain of the Bon is considered as “the father of glaciers”.Yet the snow peak does not show up very often.The fact 37.　　　　　 it is often hiding in mist adds to the mysterious quality of the holy mountain.The canyon has various geological 38.　　　　　　 （phenomenon） and is considered a rare “geological museum”.
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.where　2.whom　3.why　4.as　5.As　6.which　7.who
8.as　9.whose　10.which
维度二
1.where he went two years ago　2.which made him a bit discouraged　3.which/as can be seen from his skin
4.all of whom are hard-working　5.who live in the village
维度三
1.that　2.as　3.whose　4.who　5.who　6.where　7.As
8.why
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了阿道夫拍摄完成贵州七个本土少数民族纪录片的起因和过程以及拍摄中国56个民族的计划。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第三段内容和第四段前两句可知，阿道夫在孩提时代就对中国的历史和文化产生了兴趣，参加苗族的鼓藏节是他来中国的一个原因。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，在一次中国农村之行中，阿道夫对中国的民族文化印象深刻，于是决定拍摄关于中国56个民族的纪录片。
3.A　词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，他们拍纪录片的出发地是连云港，之后拍摄了沿途的少数民族的风俗和文化，所以画线词所在句指他和三位中国朋友通过搭乘汽车的方式开始拍摄沿途的少数民族的真实生活。因此，画线词意为“开始”，与A项同义。
4.C　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了阿道夫的一部关于中国少数民族纪录片的拍摄情况。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。拉什莫尔山又叫美国总统山、总统雕像山，它坐落于美国南达科他州基斯通附近的美利坚合众国总统纪念公园。
5.A　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，南达科他州位于美国中部，当时才建州35年，人烟稀少。
6.C　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，Gutzon Borglum离开家乡来到南达科他州是为了完成自己心目中的一件雕塑作品。
7.B　细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，Gutzon Borglum在拉什莫尔山上雕刻了四位美国总统的头像，这使它成为美国爱国主义的象征。
8.D　推理判断题。综合全文可知，Gutzon Borglum在山上雕刻美国总统头像的想法非常大胆，实现的过程也非常艰难，但最终成功了。由此可见，Gutzon Borglum是一个有抱负且意志坚定的人。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了探索沙特阿拉伯的几点建议。
9.F　根据空后一句可知，作者列举埃尔奥拉和德拉伊耶是对F项（沙特阿拉伯拥有六处联合国教科文组织世界遗产和一万多处考古遗址）内容的举例说明。
10.D　下文中的小标题Adventuring in deserts和Exploring Riyadh是给希望探索这个国家的人们的具体建议，D项（这里有一些关于探索这个多元化国家的鼓舞人心的建议）起到引出下文的作用。
11.C　根据空前一句可知，接下来要介绍的是沙特阿拉伯沙漠的特别之处，C项（事实上，地球上最大的沙漠之一位于沙特阿拉伯）是对上一句的解释说明。
12.B　根据下文可知，本段介绍了沙特阿拉伯的传统文化，同时也介绍了它的现代风情，B项（感受多元文化）是对本段内容的概括说明。
13.G　根据下文可知，Riyadh Season是一个集餐饮、艺术等内容的大型节日，是对G项（这是一个繁荣的大都市，拥有世界级的餐饮、艺术和购物以及不断发展的文化场景）内容的举例说明。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。詹姆斯·戴森花费三年的时间发明了不需要集尘袋的真空吸尘器，并坚持不懈地推销它，最终该吸尘器成为畅销款。
14.C　根据下文对James Dyson自己发明真空吸尘器的介绍可知，他是在打扫房间的时候，注意到真空吸尘器不等它的袋子满了就失去了抽吸力。因此，思考之后，他利用现有的旧吸尘器制作了一款新吸尘器。
15.B　参见上题解析。
16.D　根据下文He created over 5，000 models in three years 可知，Dyson制作吸尘器的过程是很艰难的，在三年内，他一共做了五千多个模型，就是为了让它更加趋于完美。
17.C　参见上题解析。
18.B　根据下文his home mortgage （抵押贷款） grew increasingly bigger可知，在研究制作吸尘器期间，Dyson花光了借来的钱，而且房子的抵押贷款也越积越高。因此，他急需通过售卖他发明的吸尘器来赚钱。
19.C　参见上题解析。
20.B　根据下文Finally， a Japanese company accepted it.可知，为了赚钱，Dyson拿着自己发明的吸尘器寻找潜在的客户。
21.D　根据下文turndowns 可知，Dyson被很多公司拒绝了。
22.A　根据第一段中的the cleaner lost suction （抽吸力） when the bag was only partly filled和下文these companies made a lot of money selling bags可知，那些公司拒绝Dyson的共同原因是：Dyson发明的吸尘器不需要袋子，而他们靠卖袋子能赚很多钱。
23.A　参见上题解析。
24.D　根据上文Dyson approached a large number of 　20　 customers和下文Finally， a Japanese company accepted it.可知，虽然被众多公司拒绝，但Dyson没有放弃，继续努力寻找愿意售卖自己的吸尘器的公司。
25.C　根据上文Finally， a Japanese company accepted it ...his top-selling vacuum products可知，最终，一个日本公司愿意售卖Dyson的吸尘器，之后，这种畅销的吸尘器进入美国市场时，马上取得了成功。
26.B　最后一段通过总结Dyson之前跨越障碍取得成功的事例告诉读者：面对难以实现的目标时，就想想Dyson吧。通往任何目的地的路都会遇到障碍，然而，不管是多么让人沮丧的目标，只要坚持，一定会取得成功。
27.D　参见上题解析。
28.A　参见第26题解析。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了雅鲁藏布大峡谷，包括其地理位置、形成原因及景色等内容。
29.biggest　考查形容词的最高级。根据空前的the world’s和空后的and deepest可知，此处表示“世界上最大、最深的峡谷”，设空处应用big的最高级形式。故填biggest。
bines　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处作句子的谓语，描述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时，且主语是It，应用第三人称单数形式，故填combines。
31.development　考查词形转换。设空处被river修饰，作介词of的宾语。根据语境可知，此处表示“河流发展史”，应用develop的名词形式development。
32.was created　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，设空处作主句的谓语，根据As引导的时间状语从句中的took可知，时态应用一般过去时，create和主语the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数概念，故填was created。
33.awesome　考查词形转换。设空处修饰waterfalls，作定语，应用形容词awesome，意为“令人赞叹的”。
34.rushing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰rivers，作定语，应用非谓语动词，rush与rivers之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用动词-ing形式。
35.to　考查介词。be home to ...意为“是……的所在地”，为固定搭配。故填to。
36.an　考查冠词。an altitude of ...意为“海拔为……”。故填an。
37.that　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导同位语从句，解释fact的具体内容，从句不缺少成分，语义完整，应用连接词that。
38.phenomena　考查名词复数。根据various可知，设空处应用phenomenon的复数形式phenomena，表示“各种地质现象”。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
非限制性定语从句
阅读下列句子并思考加黑部分的用法。
1.These industries， in turn， give jobs to the local population， whose welfare depends on tourism.
2.The prices of tourist essentials such as transport， accommodation and food usually increase too， which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community.
3.More nature-centred tourist attractions， where man and nature live in harmony， can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists.
4.As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained， wildlife habitats are likely to suffer， which could endanger the local plants and animals.
5.Local festivals and customs， which may have deep meaning in a particular culture， can simply become entertainment for tourists.
【我的发现】
（1）以上句子均为　　　　　　　　从句，其标志为从句与主句之间有　　　　隔开。
（2）非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之中（如句3、5），前后都用　　　　隔开，也可以置于主句之后（如句1、2、4）。
一、非限制性定语从句的概述
　定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切，它的作用是用来提供附加的而非必要的信息，往往是对先行项或整个主句的解释、补充或说明，它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。若去掉此定语从句，句子的大意仍然明确，不会引起误解和太大的歧义。
All the books here， which contain beautiful pictures， were written by him.
这里所有的书都是他写的，书里面含有漂亮的图画。
二、非限制性定语从句的关系词
非限制性定语从句由关系代词which、 who、 whom、 whose、 as或关系副词when、 where等引导，但不能用that引导。
关系词 先行项 在定语从句中作的成分
关系 代词 who 人 主语、宾语或表语
whom 人 宾语
which 物、整个主句 主语、宾语或表语
whose（＝of whom/of which） 人、物 定语
as 人、物、整个主句 主语、宾语
关系 副词 when 时间名词 时间状语
where 通常是地点名词 地点状语
Charles Smith， who was my former teacher， retired last year.（主语）
查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾是我的老师。
I have invited more than one hundred friends to the party， all of whom are from abroad.（宾语）
我邀请了100多位朋友参加宴会，他们都来自国外。
Daisy， whose paper won a prize last month， is my best friend.（定语）
黛西是我最好的朋友，她的论文在上个月获奖了。
Yesterday Jimmy left for Canada， where he had stayed two years.（地点状语）
昨天，吉米动身去了加拿大，他曾在那里待了两年。
We will put off the meeting until next week， when we won’t be so busy.（时间状语）
我们将把会议推迟到下周，那时我们就不会那么忙了。
The earth goes around the sun， as we all know.（宾语）
众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
【点津】　在非限制性定语从句中不能用that来代指人或物。
【即时演练1】　用适当的关系词填空
　①　　　　　　 we all know， China is a developing country.
②Peter， 　　　　　　you met in London， is now back in Paris.
③Tom will put off the picnic until tomorrow， 　　　　　　he will be free.
④He has been busy with his work the whole holiday， 　　　　　　has made his girlfriend unhappy.
⑤My friend， 　　　　　　has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life， will retire next month.
⑥They are all making a journey to Xizang， 　　　　　　I have been three times.
⑦My parents live in the tall building， 　　　　　　window faces to the blue sea.
⑧There are a total of 1，000 workers in this company， two thirds of 　　　　　　are women.
三、as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
项目 as which
位置 先行项可以是整个主句或主句的一部分；as引导的从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后 先行项可以是某个单词或短语，也可以是整个主句或主句的一部分；which引导的从句可以置于主句之中或之后
意义 正如 这，那
功能 连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句
The singer，as was expected， achieved a great success.
正如所期盼的那样，这位歌手取得了巨大成功。 （as引导非限制性定语从句，代指整句意思）
The weather turned out to be very good， which was more than we could expect.
＝The weather turned out to be very good， and it was more than we could expect.
出乎我们意料的是，天气变得非常好。（which引导非限制性定语从句，代指逗号前的The weather turned out to be very good）
【点津】　（1）as引导非限制性定语从句时，其后常接expect、 know、 report、 say、 see等动词的主动或被动语态句以及用于一些固定结构中。如：as was expected （不出所料）、 as is mentioned above （正如上面所提到的）、 as is often the case （情况常常如此）等。
（2）as也可用在限制性定语从句中，此时它多和such、 so或the same连用，构成such/so ...as和the same ...as结构。
Such books as I have read are English novels.
我所读过的书都是英语小说。（as作宾语）
【即时演练2】　选词填空（as， which）
①　　　　　　 can be seen from his face， he is quite pleased.
②He said that he had never seen her before， 　　　　　　was not true.
③She has the same fair hair and blue eyes 　　　　　　her mother has.
④Tom is recovering from his operation， 　　　　　　makes me very happy.
⑤My new car， 　　　　　　I bought a year ago， isn’t running well.
四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
限制程度 不可或缺，去掉后主句意思不明确 补充说明主句，去掉后不影响主句意义的完整
句子结 构形式 前面没有逗号 有逗号与先行词隔开
翻译方式 通常译成先行词的定语 通常译成与主句并列的分句
That they will get married，which has not been announced， has spread around.
他们要结婚的消息还没有被宣布，却已经被传得沸沸扬扬。
The children，who wanted to have a journey to the valley， were disappointed when the journey was cancelled.
那些想去山谷旅行的孩子都因旅行的取消而感到失望。
Yesterday， they went out to have a picnic in the suburb， where/in which they had a good time.昨天，他们到郊区去野餐了，在那里他们玩得很开心。
【即时演练3】　完成句子
　①The boy， 　　　　　　　　　　　　， studies very hard.
那个小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是一位工程师。
②These apple trees， 　　　　　　　　　， have not borne any fruit.
我三年前栽的这些苹果树还没有结过果实。
③I have a friend 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我有一个留短发和一双大眼睛的朋友。
④Many children go to a day care centre， 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
很多孩子上日间托儿所，在那儿他们可以学习游戏。
五、使用非限制性定语从句的情况
1.关系代词指代整个主句的内容时，用非限制性定语从句。这时which如果作主语，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
She said she had finished her work， which I doubted very much.
她说她已经完成了工作，我对此深感怀疑。（先行词为主句的内容，且在从句中作宾语）
He is shallow， which is known to us all in our company.
他很肤浅，我们公司的人都知道。（先行词为主句的内容，且在从句中作主语）
2.先行项指的是世界上独一无二的事物、专有名词或表示类属事物时，用非限制性定语从句。
The moon， which is 384，400 kilometers away from the earth， creates many beautiful stories.
月球，这个离地球384400千米远的星球，给人们带来了很多美好的故事。
3.先行项指的是某人仅有的一个亲属时，用非限制性定语从句。
Tom’s father， who is over sixty， still works hard day and night.
汤姆的父亲六十多岁了，他仍然从早到晚地努力工作。
4.出现some/many/few/a few/little/much/most/both/neither/two/...of which/whom结构时，常用非限制性定语从句，表示整体中的部分或所有。
He has two sons， both of whom are doctors.
他有两个儿子，都是医生。
5.非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which代替why。
I have told him the reason， for which I missed the early bus.
我没能赶上早班车，我已经告诉了他原因。
【即时演练4】　完成句子
　①It rained hard yesterday， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
昨天雨下得很大，这阻止了我去公园。
②Football， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　， is played all over the world.
足球是一项非常有趣的运动，全世界都在踢足球。
③They will fly to Washington， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他们将飞往华盛顿，他们计划在那里待上两到三天。
④There are over 100 people in the hall， 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
大厅里有100多人，其中多数是学生。
⑤The reason， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， wasn’t given.
他为何不能降低消费，他没有给出理由。
accommodation n.住处
【教材原句】　The prices of tourist essentials such as transport， accommodation and food usually increase too， which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community.
交通、住宿和食物等游客的必需品的价格通常也会上涨，这给周边社区带来了更多的财富。
【用法】
（1）provide accommodations for 　　　　　　　　　　　为……提供食宿 （2）accommodate vt. 容纳（乘客）；向……提供膳宿；使适应，顺应 accommodate sb with sth 给某人提供某物 accommodate ...to ...＝adapt ...to ... 使……适应/迎合……（其中to为介词） accommodate oneself to　 使自己适应…… accommodate sb for the night 留某人过夜
【佳句】　They offered me free accommodation for a year.
他们免费为我提供了一年的住宿。
【点津】　accommodation 作“膳食供应；食宿”讲时常用复数形式。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It was very kind of you to accommodate me 　　　　　　the ticket for my journey.
②Her eyes took a while to accommodate 　　　　the darkness.
③The kind couple accommodated them 　　　　　　the night in their house.
④After settling in the urban area， he accommodated himself 　　　　　　the new circumstances quickly.
⑤When it comes to dormitories， what deserves your special attention is how much the 　　　　　　（accommodate） fee is.
【写美】　完成句子
⑥The government 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　up to three thousand people.
政府将给多达3000人提供临时食宿。
surrounding adj.周围的，附近的
【用法】
（1）surroundings n.　环境（指周围的环境） （2）surround v. 围绕；包围 surround sb/sth with sb/sth 使某人/物包围某人/物 be surrounded by/with ... 被……围绕
【佳句】　We are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking， caving， climbing and cycling.
我们周围是一个天然的操场，非常适合散步、洞穴探察、爬山和骑自行车。
【练透】　用surround的适当形式填空
Mr Green likes to live in the ①　　　　　　 which are quiet and beautiful.So last month he bought a big new house in the countryside， which ②　　　　　　　 by many big trees and flowers.The ③　　　　　　 scenery is also very nice.He is very satisfied with the new house.
【写美】　完成句子
④Steve arrived and sat in the front row， 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
史蒂夫到了，坐在前排，周围都是他的家人。
harmony n.融洽，和睦；和谐
【教材原句】　More nature-centred tourist attractions， where man and nature live in harmony， can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists.
更多以自然风光为主、人与自然和睦相处的旅游景点，会因为大量游客涌入而受到巨大影响甚至遭到破坏。
【用法】
（1）be/live in harmony with 与……协调/一致 out of harmony with 与……不协调/一致 social harmony 社会和谐 （2）harmonious adj. 和谐的，融洽的，协调的；悦耳的
【佳句】　You can depend on it that China is always a country to live in harmony with her neighbours.你可以相信中国是一个总是和“她的”邻国和谐相处的国家。
It is our duty to make our world more harmonious place to live in， so we should live in harmony with each other.
把我们的世界变成更和谐的居住地是我们的责任，所以我们应该和睦相处。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Human life is regarded as part of nature and， as such， the only way for us to survive is to live 　　　　　　harmony with nature.
②We are trying to form a 　　　　　　（harmony） society to meet people’s need.
③When children grow up， their ideas may sometimes be out of harmony 　　　　　　their parents’ thoughts.
【写美】　完成句子
④In addition， every student can 　　　　　　　　　　　　， which makes it easy for you to get along with them.
此外，每个学生都能与外国朋友和谐相处，这使你很容易与他们相处。
manner n.方式，方法；举止；（manners）礼貌
【教材原句】　It is important to travel in an environmentally friendly manner.
以环保的方式旅行是很重要的。
【用法】
（1）in a（n）...manner 　　以……的方式 a manner of doing sth 做某事的方式/方法 （2）good/bad manners 有/没有礼貌 it is good/bad manners to do sth 做某事有/没有礼貌 table manners 餐桌礼仪 mind one’s manners 注意某人的礼貌
【佳句】　I had hoped you would behave in a more responsible manner.
我本来希望你会表现得更加负责。
【点津】　当manner意为“方式，方法；举止”时常用单数形式；意为“礼貌，礼仪”时常用其复数形式。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The physics teacher I respect most is always teaching us how to solve difficult problems 　　　　　　a logical and scientific manner.
②Good 　　　　　　（manner） should be observed whether one eats in a restaurant or at home.
【写美】　完成句子
③　　　　　　　　　　　　 while others are speaking.
当别人说话的时候插嘴是不礼貌的。
④It is likely that you feel embarrassed if you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
如果你不懂中国人的餐桌礼仪，你可能会感到尴尬。
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）非限制性定语　逗号　（2）逗号
即时演练1
①As　②whom　③when　④which　⑤who　⑥where　⑦whose　⑧whom
即时演练2
①As　②which　③as　④which　⑤which
即时演练3
①whose father is an engineer　②which I planted three years ago　③who has short hair and big eyes　④where they can learn games
即时演练4
①which prevented me from going to the park　②which is a very interesting game　③where they plan to stay for two or three days　④most of whom are students　⑤for which he couldn’t reduce his consumption
【核心知识·巧突破】
1.①with　②to　③for　④to　⑤accommodation
⑥will provide temporary accommodations for
2.①surroundings　②is surrounded 　③surrounding
④surrounded by his family
3.①in　②harmonious　③with
④be in harmony with foreign friends
4.①in　②manners　③It’s bad manners to break in
④don’t know Chinese table manners
7 / 7(共101张PPT)
UNIT 1　Wish you were here
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
核心知识·巧突破
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
非限制性定语从句
阅读下列句子并思考加蓝部分的用法。
1. These industries， in turn， give jobs to the local population， whose
welfare depends on tourism.
2. The prices of tourist essentials such as transport， accommodation and
food usually increase too， which brings even more wealth to the
surrounding community.
3. More nature-centred tourist attractions， where man and nature live in
harmony， can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of
tourists.
4. As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained，
wildlife habitats are likely to suffer， which could endanger the local
plants and animals.
5. Local festivals and customs， which may have deep meaning in a
particular culture， can simply become entertainment for tourists.
【我的发现】
（1）以上句子均为 从句，其标志为从句与主句
之间有 隔开。
（2）非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之中（如句3、5），前后都
用 隔开，也可以置于主句之后（如句1、2、4）。
非限制性定语　
逗号　
逗号　
一、非限制性定语从句的概述
　定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性
定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切，它的作用是用来提供附加的而
非必要的信息，往往是对先行项或整个主句的解释、补充或说明，它
与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。若去掉此定语从句，句子的大意仍然明
确，不会引起误解和太大的歧义。
All the books here， which contain beautiful pictures， were written by
him.
这里所有的书都是他写的，书里面含有漂亮的图画。
二、非限制性定语从句的关系词
非限制性定语从句由关系代词which、 who、 whom、 whose、 as或关
系副词when、 where等引导，但不能用that引导。
关系词 先行项 在定语从句中作的成分
关系 代词 who 人 主语、宾语或表语
whom 人 宾语
which 物、整个主句 主语、宾语或表语
whose（＝of whom/ of which） 人、物 定语
as 人、物、整个主句 主语、宾语
关系 副词 when 时间名词 时间状语
where 通常是地点名词 地点状语
Charles Smith， who was my former teacher， retired last year.（主语）
查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾是我的老师。
I have invited more than one hundred friends to the party， all of whom
are from abroad.（宾语）
我邀请了100多位朋友参加宴会，他们都来自国外。
Daisy， whose paper won a prize last month， is my best friend.
（定语）
黛西是我最好的朋友，她的论文在上个月获奖了。
Yesterday Jimmy left for Canada， where he had stayed two years.（地点
状语）
昨天，吉米动身去了加拿大，他曾在那里待了两年。
We will put off the meeting until next week， when we won’t be so
busy.（时间状语）
我们将把会议推迟到下周，那时我们就不会那么忙了。
The earth goes around the sun， as we all know.（宾语）
众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
【点津】　在非限制性定语从句中不能用that来代指人或物。
【即时演练1】　用适当的关系词填空
　① we all know， China is a developing country.
②Peter， you met in London， is now back in Paris.
③Tom will put off the picnic until tomorrow， he will be free.
④He has been busy with his work the whole holiday， has
made his girlfriend unhappy.
⑤My friend， has served on the International Olympic
Committee all his life， will retire next month.
⑥They are all making a journey to Xizang， I have been three
times.
As　
whom　
when　
which　
who　
where　
⑦My parents live in the tall building， window faces to the
blue sea.
⑧There are a total of 1，000 workers in this company， two thirds
of are women.
whose　
whom　
三、as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
项目 as which
位置 先行项可以是整个主句或主
句的一部分；as引导的从句可
以置于主句之前、之中或之
后 先行项可以是某个单词或短
语，也可以是整个主句或主
句的一部分；which引导的从
句可以置于主句之中或之后
意义 正如 这，那
功能 连接上下文的作用，表达说
话人的观点、看法，并指出
主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于
一个并列句
The singer，as was expected， achieved a great success.
正如所期盼的那样，这位歌手取得了巨大成功。 （as引导非限制性定
语从句，代指整句意思）
The weather turned out to be very good， which was more than we could
expect.
＝The weather turned out to be very good， and it was more than we
could expect.
出乎我们意料的是，天气变得非常好。（which引导非限制性定语从
句，代指逗号前的The weather turned out to be very good）
【点津】　（1）as引导非限制性定语从句时，其后常接expect、
know、 report、 say、 see等动词的主动或被动语态句以及用于一些固
定结构中。如：as was expected （不出所料）、 as is mentioned above
（正如上面所提到的）、 as is often the case （情况常常如此）等。
（2）as也可用在限制性定语从句中，此时它多和such、 so或the same
连用，构成such/so ...as和the same ...as结构。
Such books as I have read are English novels.
我所读过的书都是英语小说。（as作宾语）
【即时演练2】　选词填空（as， which）
① can be seen from his face， he is quite pleased.
②He said that he had never seen her before， was not true.
③She has the same fair hair and blue eyes her mother has.
④Tom is recovering from his operation， makes me very
happy.
⑤My new car， I bought a year ago， isn’t running well.
As　
which　
as　
which　
which　
四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
限制程度 不可或缺，去掉后主句
意思不明确 补充说明主句，去掉后不影
响主句意义的完整
句子结 构形式 前面没有逗号 有逗号与先行词隔开
翻译方式 通常译成先行词的定语 通常译成与主句并列的分句
他们要结婚的消息还没有被宣布，却已经被传得沸沸扬扬。
The children，who wanted to have a journey to the valley， were
disappointed when the journey was cancelled.
那些想去山谷旅行的孩子都因旅行的取消而感到失望。
Yesterday， they went out to have a picnic in the suburb， where/in
which they had a good time.
昨天，他们到郊区去野餐了，在那里他们玩得很开心。
That they will get married，which has not been announced， has spread
around.
【即时演练3】　完成句子
　①The boy， ， studies very hard.
那个小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是一位工程师。
②These apple trees， ， have not
borne any fruit.
我三年前栽的这些苹果树还没有结过果实。
③I have a friend .
我有一个留短发和一双大眼睛的朋友。
whose father is an engineer　
which I planted three years ago　
who has short hair and big eyes　
④Many children go to a day care centre，
.
很多孩子上日间托儿所，在那儿他们可以学习游戏。
where they can learn
games　
五、使用非限制性定语从句的情况
1. 关系代词指代整个主句的内容时，用非限制性定语从句。这时
which如果作主语，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
She said she had finished her work， which I doubted very much.
她说她已经完成了工作，我对此深感怀疑。（先行词为主句的内
容，且在从句中作宾语）
He is shallow， which is known to us all in our company.
他很肤浅，我们公司的人都知道。（先行词为主句的内容，且在从
句中作主语）
2. 先行项指的是世界上独一无二的事物、专有名词或表示类属事物
时，用非限制性定语从句。
The moon， which is 384，400 kilometers away from the earth，
creates many beautiful stories.
月球，这个离地球384400千米远的星球，给人们带来了很多美好的
故事。
3. 先行项指的是某人仅有的一个亲属时，用非限制性定语从句。
Tom’s father， who is over sixty， still works hard day and night.
汤姆的父亲六十多岁了，他仍然从早到晚地努力工作。
4. 出现some/many/few/a few/little/much/most/both/neither/two/...of
which/whom结构时，常用非限制性定语从句，表示整体中的部分
或所有。
He has two sons， both of whom are doctors.
他有两个儿子，都是医生。
5. 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which代替why。
I have told him the reason， for which I missed the early bus.
我没能赶上早班车，我已经告诉了他原因。
【即时演练4】　完成句子
　①It rained hard yesterday，
.
昨天雨下得很大，这阻止了我去公园。
②Football， ， is played all over the
world.
足球是一项非常有趣的运动，全世界都在踢足球。
③They will fly to Washington，
.
他们将飞往华盛顿，他们计划在那里待上两到三天。
which prevented me from going to the
park　
which is a very interesting game　
where they plan to stay for two or three
days　
④There are over 100 people in the hall， .
大厅里有100多人，其中多数是学生。
⑤The reason， ，
wasn’t given.
他为何不能降低消费，他没有给出理由。
most of whom are students　
for which he couldn’t reduce his consumption　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
2
accommodation n.住处
【教材原句】　The prices of tourist essentials such as transport，
accommodation and food usually increase too， which brings even more
wealth to the surrounding community.
交通、住宿和食物等游客的必需品的价格通常也会上涨，这给周边社
区带来了更多的财富。
【用法】
（1）provide accommodations for 　　　为……提供食宿
（2）accommodate vt. 容纳（乘客）；向……提供膳宿；使适应，
顺应
accommodate sb with sth 给某人提供某物
accommodate ...to ...＝adapt ...to ...
使……适应/迎合……（其中to为介词）
accommodate oneself to　　 使自己适应……
accommodate sb for the night 留某人过夜
【佳句】　They offered me free accommodation for a year.
他们免费为我提供了一年的住宿。
【点津】　accommodation 作“膳食供应；食宿”讲时常用复数
形式。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It was very kind of you to accommodate me the ticket for my
journey.
②Her eyes took a while to accommodate the darkness.
③The kind couple accommodated them the night in their house.
④After settling in the urban area， he accommodated himself the
new circumstances quickly.
⑤When it comes to dormitories， what deserves your special attention is
how much the （accommodate） fee is.
with　
to　
for　
to　
accommodation　
【写美】　完成句子
⑥The government up to
three thousand people.
政府将给多达3000人提供临时食宿。
will provide temporary accommodations for　
surrounding adj.周围的，附近的
【用法】
（1）surroundings n.　　环境（指周围的环境）
（2）surround v. 围绕；包围
surround sb/sth with sb/sth 使某人/物包围某人/物
be surrounded by/with ... 被……围绕
【佳句】　We are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for
walking， caving， climbing and cycling.
我们周围是一个天然的操场，非常适合散步、洞穴探察、爬山和骑自
行车。
【练透】　用surround的适当形式填空
Mr Green likes to live in the ① which are quiet and
beautiful.So last month he bought a big new house in the countryside，
which ② by many big trees and flowers.The
③ scenery is also very nice.He is very satisfied with the
new house.
【写美】　完成句子
④Steve arrived and sat in the front row， .
史蒂夫到了，坐在前排，周围都是他的家人。
surroundings　
is surrounded　
surrounding　
surrounded by his family　
harmony n.融洽，和睦；和谐
【教材原句】　More nature-centred tourist attractions， where man and
nature live in harmony， can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the
flood of tourists.
更多以自然风光为主、人与自然和睦相处的旅游景点，会因为大量游
客涌入而受到巨大影响甚至遭到破坏。
【用法】
（1）be/live in harmony with 与……协调/一致
out of harmony with 与……不协调/一致
social harmony 社会和谐
（2）harmonious adj. 和谐的，融洽的，协调的；悦耳的
【佳句】　You can depend on it that China is always a country to live in
harmony with her neighbours.
你可以相信中国是一个总是和“她的”邻国和谐相处的国家。
It is our duty to make our world more harmonious place to live in， so we
should live in harmony with each other.
把我们的世界变成更和谐的居住地是我们的责任，所以我们应该和睦
相处。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Human life is regarded as part of nature and， as such， the only way
for us to survive is to live harmony with nature.
②We are trying to form a （harmony） society to meet
people’s need.
③When children grow up， their ideas may sometimes be out of
harmony their parents’ thoughts.
in　
harmonious　
with　
【写美】　完成句子
④In addition， every student can
， which makes it easy for you to get along with them.
此外，每个学生都能与外国朋友和谐相处，这使你很容易与他们
相处。
be in harmony with foreign
friends　
manner n.方式，方法；举止；（manners）礼貌
【教材原句】　It is important to travel in an environmentally friendly
manner.
以环保的方式旅行是很重要的。
【用法】
（1）in a（n）...manner 　　以……的方式
a manner of doing sth 做某事的方式/方法
（2）good/bad manners 有/没有礼貌
it is good/bad manners to do sth 做某事有/没有礼貌
table manners 餐桌礼仪
mind one’s manners 注意某人的礼貌
【佳句】　I had hoped you would behave in a more responsible manner.
我本来希望你会表现得更加负责。
【点津】　当manner意为“方式，方法；举止”时常用单数形式；意
为“礼貌，礼仪”时常用其复数形式。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The physics teacher I respect most is always teaching us how to solve
difficult problems a logical and scientific manner.
②Good （manner） should be observed whether one eats in
a restaurant or at home.
in　
manners　
【写美】　完成句子
③ while others are speaking.
当别人说话的时候插嘴是不礼貌的。
④It is likely that you feel embarrassed if you
.
如果你不懂中国人的餐桌礼仪，你可能会感到尴尬。
It’s bad manners to break in　
don’t know Chinese table
manners　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
根据语境用适当的关系词填空。
1. Her father works in a factory， he makes cars.
2. The old lady has two daughters， one of is working abroad.
3. This is one of the reasons you have to give it up.
4. Whenever I met her， was fairly often， she greeted me with a
sweet smile.
where　
whom　
why　
as　
5. is reported in the newspaper， a serious accident has happened
recently in the suburbs.
6. The owner paid the worker for cleaning the whole building， most
of hadn’t been cleaned for at least one month.
7. The old woman， lives on her own， has a cat for company.
8. To be honest， my cousin is not such a fool he looks.
9. Yang Liwei， parents are teachers， is the first in China to
travel into space.
10. These apple trees， I planted on my own， have grown
very well.
As　
which　
who　
as　
whose　
which　
维度二：语法与写作
句型转换。
1. He visited the Great Wall again.He went there two years ago.
→He visited the Great Wall again， .
2. He failed in the examination.It made him a bit discouraged.
→He failed in the examination，
.
3. He must be from Africa.It can be seen from his skin.
→He must be from Africa， .
where he went two years ago　
which made him a bit
discouraged　
which/as can be seen from his skin　
4. He has organised a team of workers.All of them are hard-working.
→He has organised a team of workers，
.
5. The people living in the village have moved to other areas.
→The people have moved to other areas.
all of whom are hard-
working　
who live in the village
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用适当的关系词填空。
　　The very film 1. is called Titanic is such a beautiful and sad
love story， 2. is popular with the public， 3. hero and
heroine are Jack and Rose.Rose was a young beautiful woman，
4. went to America with her mother.Jack， 5.
that　
as　
whose　
who　
who　
won a ship ticket by playing cards， was a poor painter.They met
and fell in love with each other on Titanic， 6. they had a
happy time.Sadly， the nice journey was destroyed by a huge iceberg，
and Jack lost his life for saving Rose.Before Jack left Rose forever， he
encouraged Rose to live well for him.7. is known to all， love is
the strongest strength.And that’s the reason 8. Rose could live
on and tell us the moving story.
where　
As　
why　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Robert Adolf， a 24-year-old vlogger from Germany， filmed the
celebration activities of the Miao ethnic group at the Guzang Festival on 25
November.This marked the completion of Adolf and his friends’ task of
filming all seven of Guizhou’s native ethnic groups for a documentary
project.
　　The Guzang Festival is the traditional celebration of the Miao ethnic
group， and married women from Yegai Village， Leishan County’s
Langde Town， will travel together back to their parents’ homes in the
village during the festival.
　　Crowds of Miao women dressed in traditional clothing have become a
popular scene at the Guzang Festival， which attracts tourists from all over
the globe.
　　That’s one of the reasons why Adolf attended the festival.He
became interested in China’s history and culture due to the Disney movie
Mulan when he was a child.He said that he came to China in 2017 to work
for a German company in South Central China’s Hunan Province， and
then moved to Lianyungang in East China’s Jiangsu Province to work in
foreign trade.
　　Adolf speaks fluent Chinese and is commonly known as the
“Germany’s Stuffed Steamed Bun” on Chinese social media
platforms.During a trip to China’s rural areas， Adolf was impressed by
China’s ethnic cultures and decided to shoot documentaries about
China’s 56 ethnic groups.
　　In July 2021， Adolf and his three Chinese friends initiated their
documentary project by hopping in a car and taking road trips to record the
real lives of different Chinese ethnic groups.
　　Adolf and his friends departed from Lianyungang on 5 September and
filmed the customs and cultures of Tujia， Miao， Dong， Bouyei， Yao
and Sui ethnic groups in Hubei Province， Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous
Region and Guizhou Province.
　　When asked about Guizhou specifically， Adolf said， “I want to
share Guizhou and China’s ethnic culture with the world to allow more
people to learn about Guizhou and learn about China.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了阿道夫拍摄完成贵州七
个本土少数民族纪录片的起因和过程以及拍摄中国56个民族的计
划。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了阿道夫拍摄完成贵州七
个本土少数民族纪录片的起因和过程以及拍摄中国56个民族的计
划。
1. Why did Adolf come to China？（　　）
A. He had a project in China.
B. He had many friends in China.
C. He was hired by a Chinese company.
D. He was fascinated by Chinese culture.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段内容和第四段前两句可知，阿
道夫在孩提时代就对中国的历史和文化产生了兴趣，参加苗族的鼓
藏节是他来中国的一个原因。
2. What made Adolf decide to shoot documentaries about China’s 56
ethnic groups？（　　）
A. An adventurous exploration.
B. An impressive travel experience.
C. A desire to realize his dream.
D. A deep understanding of Chinese culture.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，在一次中国农
村之行中，阿道夫对中国的民族文化印象深刻，于是决定拍摄关于
中国56个民族的纪录片。
3. What does the underlined word “initiated” in Paragraph 6 mean？
（　　）
A. Started. B. Introduced.
C. Updated. D. Continued.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，他们拍纪录片
的出发地是连云港，之后拍摄了沿途的少数民族的风俗和文化，所
以画线词所在句指他和三位中国朋友通过搭乘汽车的方式开始拍摄
沿途的少数民族的真实生活。因此，画线词意为“开始”，与A项
同义。
4. What’s the writing purpose of the text？（　　）
A. To compare Chinese culture and Western culture.
B. To share Adolf’s working experience in China.
C. To introduce a documentary project by Adolf.
D. To attract more foreign visitors to come to China.
解析：　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了阿道夫的
一部关于中国少数民族纪录片的拍摄情况。
B
　　In 1924， the world-famous sculptor Gutzon Borglum and his
thirteen-year-old son took a trip together out west.They left their home in
Connecticut and， days later， got off a train in Rapid City， South
Dakota.Only about six thousand people lived in Rapid City.South Dakota
had been a state for only thirty-five years.The Borglums actually were just
in the center of the United States.
　　Gutzon had come to South Dakota to see if he could find a mountain
to carve into the biggest sculpture in the country.He was a patriotic man，
and his idea was to give America a sculpture to glorify its
greatness.Perhaps it could be huge carvings of great Americans with heads
as high as the tallest buildings.What an amazing idea！ But many people
thought it was crazy.And no one， not even Borglum himself， realised
how hard it would be to do.
　　Gutzon and his son， Lincoln， travelled into the wild country of the
Black Hills.The Black Hills is an area 120 miles long and sixty miles
wide.It rises up four thousand feet and more.The Borglum party climbed
to the top of the tallest mountain， Harney Peak.Far away， Gutzon could
see a granite （花岗石） mountain.It stood higher than the surrounding
peaks.That would be the place for his giant sculpture！
　　The name of the mountain was Mount Rushmore.Today， huge six-
storey-high carved heads of presidents George Washington， Thomas
Jefferson， Theodore Roosevelt， and Abraham Lincoln gaze out from
high on the granite face of Mount Rushmore.Borglum overcame an
incredible number of obstacles to create this great national monument.He
said it was like waging a one-man war.
　　Mount Rushmore has become a symbol of patriotism and pride for
many Americans.But people from all over the world travel to marvel at
it.Even so， there are people who think it should not ever have been
made.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。拉什莫尔山又叫美国总统山、总统
雕像山，它坐落于美国南达科他州基斯通附近的美利坚合众国总统
纪念公园。
本文是一篇说明文。拉什莫尔山又叫美国总统山、总统
雕像山，它坐落于美国南达科他州基斯通附近的美利坚合众国总统
纪念公园。
5. What do we learn about South Dakota in 1924？（　　）
A. It was a little wild.
B. It had a long history.
C. It had a large population.
D. It was in the south of America.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，南达科他州位于美国中
部，当时才建州35年，人烟稀少。
6. Why did Gutzon Borglum leave his home？（　　）
A. To explore nature.
B. To seek his fortune.
C. To complete a project.
D. To take an adventure trip.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，Gutzon Borglum离开家
乡来到南达科他州是为了完成自己心目中的一件雕塑作品。
7. What is special about Mount Rushmore？（　　）
A. Its economic status.
B. Its political significance.
C. Its cultural advantage.
D. Its geographical position.
解析：　细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，Gutzon Borglum在拉
什莫尔山上雕刻了四位美国总统的头像，这使它成为美国爱国主义
的象征。
8. Which of the following words can best describe Gutzon Borglum？
（　　）
A. Curious and smart.
B. Kind and generous.
C. Hard-working and practical.
D. Ambitious and determined.
解析：　推理判断题。综合全文可知，Gutzon Borglum在山
上雕刻美国总统头像的想法非常大胆，实现的过程也非常艰
难，但最终成功了。由此可见，Gutzon Borglum是一个有抱负
且意志坚定的人。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　 Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Middle East and one of the
fastest-growing tourism destinations in the world.9.（　　）.AlUla and
Diriyah are just a few examples of these heritage sites at the heart of Saudi
Arabia’s destination development.Natural possessions are also a
fundamental part of Saudi Arabia’s heritage and sustainability with
preservation high on the agenda.NEOM will generate zero carbon
emissions and Diriyah will welcome 27 million visitors while preserving
the UNESCO site at Turaif and restoring Wadi Hanifah.10.（　　）.
　　Adventuring in deserts
　　Part of what’s special about the Arabian Peninsula — and
specifically Saudi Arabia — is its desert.11.（　　）.From adrenaline-
packed excursions like dune bashing and sandboarding to more serene，
history-inspired activities such as camel riding and Arabian camping， the
desert in Saudi Arabia serves as a canvas for more than just adventure
travellers.
　　12. （　　）
　　Visit the country’s many mosques and traditional markets to
experience a rhythm of life that has little changed over the
centuries.And， for a taste of modern Saudi Arabia， don’t miss the
urban districts and entertainment centres where people meet to shop， dine
or just spend time with friends.Explore the different regions to experience
the multicultural variety of foods， lifestyles and customs.
　　Exploring Riyadh
　　Riyadh is the birthplace of today’s Saudi Arabia where tradition
meets 21st century vision.13.（　　）.The capital city’s fascinating
centuries-old history can still be found within its atmospheric bazaars （市
场）， impressive museums and ancient architecture.Riyadh Season，
one of the world’s largest lifestyle festivals， is a celebration of Riyadh
through every touch point — music， art， theatre and food， spanning
several zones across the city and perfect for every visitor.
A. Visiting traditions
B. Experiencing multiculture
C. In fact， Saudi Arabia is home to one of the largest sand desert on
Earth
D. Here are some inspiring recommendations for exploring this diverse
country
E. Saudi Arabia has introduced electronic visa measures to 49 countries to
promote its tourism
F. Saudi Arabia has six UNESCO World Heritage Sites and more than
10，000 archaeological sites
G. It is a thriving metropolis with world-class dining， art and shopping，
and a growing cultural scene
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了探索沙特阿拉伯
的几点建议。
9. F　根据空后一句可知，作者列举埃尔奥拉和德拉伊耶是对F项（沙
特阿拉伯拥有六处联合国教科文组织世界遗产和一万多处考古遗址）
内容的举例说明。
本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了探索沙特阿拉伯
的几点建议。
10. D　下文中的小标题Adventuring in deserts和Exploring Riyadh是
给希望探索这个国家的人们的具体建议，D项（这里有一些关于探索
这个多元化国家的鼓舞人心的建议）起到引出下文的作用。
11. C　根据空前一句可知，接下来要介绍的是沙特阿拉伯沙漠的特别
之处，C项（事实上，地球上最大的沙漠之一位于沙特阿拉伯）是对
上一句的解释说明。
12. B　根据下文可知，本段介绍了沙特阿拉伯的传统文化，同时
也介绍了它的现代风情，B项（感受多元文化）是对本段内容的概
括说明。
13. G　根据下文可知，Riyadh Season是一个集餐饮、艺术等内容的
大型节日，是对G项（这是一个繁荣的大都市，拥有世界级的餐饮、
艺术和购物以及不断发展的文化场景）内容的举例说明。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　While using a vacuum cleaner （真空吸尘器） at home in 1978，
James Dyson 　14　 that the cleaner lost suction （抽吸力） when the
bag was only partly filled.After giving it much 　15　， Dyson created a
model using his old vacuum as a starting point.
　　The product development process was 　16　.He created over 5，
000 models in three years， trying to 　17　 the product.During this
time， he 　18　 the money he had borrowed and his home mortgage
（抵押贷款） grew increasingly bigger.He needed to finally make some
money from his 　19　.
　　Dyson approached a large number of 　20　 customers — all with the
same 　21　 result.One common 　22　 for these turndowns was that
these companies made a lot of money selling bags and the Dyson Vacuum
didn’t 　23　 bags.But Dyson continued his 　24　 to find a company
that would license his product.Finally， a Japanese company accepted
it.In 2002 Dyson introduced his top-selling vacuum products to the United
States and met with immediate 　25　.
　　When you’re 　26　 a difficult goal， think about James
Dyson.Reaching any goal involves 　27　 barriers.Every goal， no
matter how 　28　， will be achievable if you just keep working at it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。詹姆斯·戴森花费三年的时间发明了
不需要集尘袋的真空吸尘器，并坚持不懈地推销它，最终该吸尘器
成为畅销款。
本文是一篇记叙文。詹姆斯·戴森花费三年的时间发明了
不需要集尘袋的真空吸尘器，并坚持不懈地推销它，最终该吸尘器
成为畅销款。
14. A. proved B. forgot
C. noticed D. checked
解析：　根据下文对James Dyson自己发明真空吸尘器的介绍可
知，他是在打扫房间的时候，注意到真空吸尘器不等它的袋子满
了就失去了抽吸力。因此，思考之后，他利用现有的旧吸尘器制
作了一款新吸尘器。
15. A. support B. thought
C. attention D. chance
解析：　参见上题解析。
16. A. natural B. complete
C. special D. tough
解析：　根据下文He created over 5，000 models in three years 可
知，Dyson制作吸尘器的过程是很艰难的，在三年内，他一共做了
五千多个模型，就是为了让它更加趋于完美。
17. A. advertise B. clear
C. perfect D. design
解析：　参见上题解析。
18. A. faced up to B. ran out of
C. set aside D. drew out
解析：　根据下文his home mortgage （抵押贷款） grew
increasingly bigger可知，在研究制作吸尘器期间，Dyson花光了借
来的钱，而且房子的抵押贷款也越积越高。因此，他急需通过售
卖他发明的吸尘器来赚钱。
19. A. donation B. company
C. invention D. account
解析：　参见上题解析。
20. A. current B. potential
C. important D. international
解析：　根据下文Finally， a Japanese company accepted it.可
知，为了赚钱，Dyson拿着自己发明的吸尘器寻找潜在的客户。
21. A. direct B. impressive
C. desired D. negative
解析：　根据下文turndowns 可知，Dyson被很多公司拒绝了。
22. A. cause B. choice
C. source D. channel
解析：　根据第一段中的the cleaner lost suction （抽吸力） when
the bag was only partly filled和下文these companies made a lot of
money selling bags可知，那些公司拒绝Dyson的共同原因是：
Dyson发明的吸尘器不需要袋子，而他们靠卖袋子能赚很多钱。
23. A. use B. sell C. buy D. make
解析：　参见上题解析。
24. A. claims B. needs
C. tasks D. efforts
解析：　根据上文Dyson approached a large number of 　20　
customers和下文Finally， a Japanese company accepted it.可知，虽
然被众多公司拒绝，但Dyson没有放弃，继续努力寻找愿意售卖自
己的吸尘器的公司。
25. A. refusal B. contribution
C. success D. consequence
解析：　根据上文Finally， a Japanese company accepted it ...his
top-selling vacuum products可知，最终，一个日本公司愿意售卖
Dyson的吸尘器，之后，这种畅销的吸尘器进入美国市场时，马上
取得了成功。
26. A. establishing B. tackling
C. requiring D. achieving
解析：　最后一段通过总结Dyson之前跨越障碍取得成功的事例
告诉读者：面对难以实现的目标时，就想想Dyson吧。通往任何目
的地的路都会遇到障碍，然而，不管是多么让人沮丧的目标，只
要坚持，一定会取得成功。
27. A. identifying B. avoiding
C. raising D. overcoming
解析：　参见上题解析。
28. A. discouraging B. surprising
C. frightening D. disappointing
解析：　参见第26题解析。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　Lying in southeastern Xizang autonomous region and in the lower
reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River， the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon
is the world’s 29. 　　　　　　 （big） and deepest canyon and the
largest water vapour （水汽） channel on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.It
30. 　　　　　　 （combine） soaring peaks with deep canyons — a rare
natural wonder in the world’s history of river 31. 　　　　　　
（develop）.
　　As the Yarlung Zangbo River took a horseshoe-shaped turn around
Mount Namjagbarwa and then ran towards the Indian Ocean， the Yarlung
Zangbo Grand Canyon 32. 　　　　　　 （create）.It is surrounded with
snow-capped peaks， glaciers and forests， as well as 33. 　　　　　　
（awe） waterfalls， hot springs， clear streams and 34. 　　　　　　
（rush） rivers.
　　The Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon at the eastern end of the
Himalayan range is home 35. 　　　　　　 Mount Namjagbarwa， the
highest mountain close to Nyingchi city， with 36. 　　　　　　 altitude
of 7，782 metres.The holy mountain of the Bon is considered as “the
father of glaciers”.Yet the snow peak does not show up very often.The
fact 37. 　　　　　　 it is often hiding in mist adds to the mysterious
quality of the holy mountain.The canyon has various geological
38. 　　　　　　 （phenomenon） and is considered a rare “geological
museum”.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了雅鲁藏布大峡谷，包括
其地理位置、形成原因及景色等内容。
29. biggest　考查形容词的最高级。根据空前的the world’s和空后的
and deepest可知，此处表示“世界上最大、最深的峡谷”，设空处应
用big的最高级形式。故填biggest。
bines　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处作句子的谓语，
描述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时，且主语是It，应用第三人称单
数形式，故填combines。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了雅鲁藏布大峡谷，包括
其地理位置、形成原因及景色等内容。
31. development　考查词形转换。设空处被river修饰，作介词of的宾
语。根据语境可知，此处表示“河流发展史”，应用develop的名词形
式development。
32. was created　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可
知，设空处作主句的谓语，根据As引导的时间状语从句中的took可
知，时态应用一般过去时，create和主语the Yarlung Zangbo Grand
Canyon之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数概念，故填
was created。
33. awesome　考查词形转换。设空处修饰waterfalls，作定语，应用
形容词awesome，意为“令人赞叹的”。
34. rushing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰
rivers，作定语，应用非谓语动词，rush与rivers之间是逻辑上的主动关
系，应用动词-ing形式。
35. to　考查介词。be home to ...意为“是……的所在地”，为固定
搭配。故填to。
36. an　考查冠词。an altitude of ...意为“海拔为……”。故填an。
37. that　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导同位语从
句，解释fact的具体内容，从句不缺少成分，语义完整，应用连接词
that。
38. phenomena　考查名词复数。根据various可知，设空处应用
phenomenon的复数形式phenomena，表示“各种地质现象”。
谢谢观看！

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