资源简介

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.However， I did not give up and I spent most of my l　　　　　　 hours to practice playing the piano.
2.A man has claimed to have spotted an unusual c　　　　　　 on the giant Red Planet in a recently released photo of Mars.
3.According to the doctor， you shouldn’t take more than six p　　　　　　 in 24 hours.
4.It is common knowledge that wood can f　　　　　 on the water.
5.The rooms were spacious， with tall windows and high c　　　　　　.
6.It is certain that studying at home requires a good deal of 　　　　　　（自制力）.
7.I don’t think you have realized the 　　　　　　（严重性） of the situation up to now.
8.These measures have played a 　　　　　　（极重要的） role in restoring the economy.
9.Choosing a kitchen 　　　　　　（橱柜） depends on various factors， such as your storage needs and kitchen style.
10.Traditionally， astronomers study stars and planets with telescopes.However， they can also learn about them by using 　　　　　　（显微镜） on rocks from outer space that hit the Earth.
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.We did not receive any news during his long 　　　　　　（absent）.
2.The space station requires routine 　　　　　　（maintain） and safety checks on most days.
3.Fill the form and write down your name， address and 　　　　　　（occupy）.
4.①You had better put down your goals on paper where they are 　　　　　　（vision） so that they can help to monitor your progress.
②He has 　　　　　　（visible） aged and weakened since I saw him a year ago.
5.Radiation 　　　　　　（expose） can affect the process of generating new cells in the brain， harming astronauts’ health.
6.If you don’t give up smoking now， it may damage your health 　　　　　　（permanent）.
7.The research proved the link between exposure to 　　　　　　（radiate） and childhood cancer.
8.In his book， the professor attempted an honest 　　　　　　（evaluate） of his own contribution to the country.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.尽管他很累，但他还是努力帮助我们。（as）
　　　　　　　　　　　　， he tried to help us.
2.考虑到游客的安全，太空博物馆采取了各种措施限制游客流量。（in view of）
　　　　　　　　　　　　， the Space Museum took various measures to limit visitor flow.
3.这是我所看过的最有趣的书。（否定词＋比较级）
I have 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　book.
4.我们两天内完成这项工作是可能的。（it作形式主语）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the work in two days.
5.为了保持健康，我决心改掉这些坏习惯。（so that引导目的状语从句）
I determined to break myself of these bad habits 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Life on a space station
　　Every would-be astronaut dreams of living in space one day.My life on a space station is full of 1.　　　　　　 （challenge）， but it’s magical.We astronauts usually sleep in large cupboard-like private quarters 2.　　　　　　 sleeping bags which are attached to the walls or the ceiling.Our routine tasks 3.　　　　　　 occupy most of the day include conducting biological experiments and experiments in other research fields.The 4.　　　　　　　　 （challenging） mission among them happens when we perform tasks outside the space station.Every spacewalk is 5.　　　　　　 （careful） planned because it probably is the most dangerous work.
　　We eat in a different way 6.　　　　　　 space.Most food is dried or freeze-dried， and fresh fruit and vegetables are precious.In addition， we must take pills to ensure a（n） 7.　　　　　　 （balance） supply of nutrients.8.　　　　　　 is of vital importance to our health is spending at least two hours of exercise every day in the gym.When exercising， we have to be tied onto the special exercise equipment 9.　　　　　　 （stop） ourselves from floating around.
　　In spite of the strangeness of living in space， the 10.　　　　　　 （relax） leisure time and the striking views outside the space station really make the life worth it.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　In 2020 Sarah Al-Amiri， now 35， was appointed chairwoman of the United Arab Emirates Space Agency （UAESA）.She was shocked at the honour and the responsibilities that came with it， but she could not have been entirely surprised.Amiri has been fascinated by space since she was 12 years old.However， given that space exploration was still in the hands of just a few of the world’s largest nations， it seemed unlikely to young Amiri that a country like the UAE would reach space any time soon.So rather than anything directly space-related， Amiri studied computer programming in college.But by the time she graduated in 2009， the first green shoots of an Emirati space programme had begun to grow so she applied to join UAESA and was hired at 22 as a software engineer.
　　The UAE launched its first Earth observation satellite， DubaiSAT-1， in 2009， followed by DubaiSAT-2 in 2013.Then， in 2014， it set its goal to send a probe to Martian orbit by 2021.Amiri was named deputy project manager and science lead on the mission， which had the ambitious goal of mapping Mars’ entire atmosphere over a whole Martian year.The spacecraft Amiri’s team designed and built for the mission was named Hope that took seven months to reach the Red Planet.Waiting for news of the spacecraft’s arrival on 9 February 2021， was， said Amiri， “the toughest point.”At that time， she was standing outside the Burj Khalifa and celebrating with the crowds who had gathered to mark the moment.
　　The Hope mission was not just ambitious in terms of its scope （范围）， but also in terms of gender （性别） representation.Amiri’s science team included 80％ women， an unusual number in the field of space exploration.She has always been determined that gender would not in any way hold her back in her chosen field.“I grew up to be — and continue to be — deaf to the challenges related to gender，” she says.
1.How did Amiri feel when learning about her appointment？（　　）
A.Amazed. B.Worried.
C.Confused. D.Delighted.
2.What inspired Amiri to be a member of UAESA？（　　）
A.Her passion for challenges.
B.Her major in computer programming.
C.The mission of sending spacecraft to space.
D.The development of Emirati space programmes.
3.What do the underlined words “the moment” in Paragraph 2 mean？（　　）
A.The UAE launched DubaiSAT.
B.Mars’ entire atmosphere was mapped.
C.The UAE’s spacecraft landed on Mars.
D.Amiri was named deputy project manager.
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A.A Hard Road to Success
B.A Journey of Space Exploration
C.The Woman Achieving Great Goals
D.The Woman Taking the UAE to Mars
B
　　What do Neil Armstrong， Ed White and today’s astronauts have in common？ They all wear a white spacesuit.Beyond NASA， space programmes in countries like Russia and China also use white suits.This basic colour has saved countless astronauts’ lives.NASA didn’t always have white spacesuits.Their very first manned spaceflight， Project Mercury， used silver suits， but none of those astronauts actually explored the vacuum （真空） of space.And that’s the key because out there， spacesuits have to be highly reflective.And the best colour for that isn’t silver， but white.
　　Here on Earth， our atmosphere protects us from 77％of the sun’s radiation.But astronauts in space don’t have that natural protection， making them easily hurt by extreme temperatures， severe sunburn， and even cancer-causing cell damage.So to prevent that， they wear white suits that reflect the sun’s harmful radiation.
　　But those white suits aren’t the only garments in an astronaut’s closet.When heading into space or coming home， NASA astronauts wear a bright orange suit similar in colour to the safety vests Air Force pilots wear， and it’s for similar reasons that loud orange stands out against the blue ocean and sky and is perfect for attracting attention.
　　That being said， times are changing.Nowadays we have more ways of finding out astronauts in need of rescue like GPS， so space agencies are now free to get creative with their colour choices.NASA and other programmes are already starting to use other colours like deep blue and mustard yellow.In the future， they could look a lot different because NASA is heading to Mars.It will be the longest crewed space mission to date， taking as long as three years from start to finish， and during that time， astronauts could suffer from boredom or depression.That’s where colourful spacesuits could be useful.
5.What is the benefit of wearing white spacesuits？（　　）
A.Providing protection against hot air.
B.Building team spirit among astronauts.
C.Avoiding damaging the vacuum of space.
D.Guarding astronauts against solar radiation.
6.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Astronauts in bright orange are easy to spot by rescue crews.
B.Astronauts have to prepare white suits diverse in patterns.
C.Loud orange is the colour of choice for dangerous space missions.
D.The safety vests Air Force pilots wear are popular with astronauts.
7.Why will NASA use colourful spacesuits for the space mission to Mars？（　　）
A.To set a new trend for spacesuits.
B.To brighten up the dull space life.
C.To show astronauts’ creative minds.
D.To meet the demand of space agencies.
8.What can be a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A.Do Spacesuits Always Stay White？
B.How Do Spacesuits Protect Astronauts？
C.Do Colourful Spacesuits Have Advantages？
D.Why Is White So Popular With Astronauts？
C
　　Around the country and around the world， there is no shortage of human suffering.Poverty， disease， violence， hurricanes， wildfire and more are constantly troubling humanity， and even our best efforts thus far can’t address all of everybody’s needs.Many are looking for places to cut funding， and one of the first places that comes up in conversation is excessive spending on space exploration.What good is it to conduct microgravity experiments repeatedly when children are starving？ Why launch so many space-related projects when nuclear war threatens our planet？
　　This is a line of thinking that has been coming up throughout history.Yes， it’s short-sighted， in that it fails to recognize that our greatest problems require long-term investment， and that society’s greatest advances come about through hard work， research， development， and often are realized decades after that is made.Investing in science is investing in the betterment of humanity.
　　Over these years， many of the results of the space research have been adapted to be applicable to our daily lives.For example， NASA’s advancements in the areas of robotics have given manufacturers an additional basis for the development of more advanced artificial limbs.Additionally， certain nutritional enrichment ingredients （成分） that were developed by NASA have been integrated into baby food formula.
　　Space technology has also helped improve economies.Within the next three years， the space exploration and space tourism industry are expected to be valued at $3 trillion.It is true that for every dollar we spend on the space programme， the US economy receives about $8 of economic benefit.Space exploration can also serve as the motivation for children to enter the fields of science and engineering.
　　To many people， the idea of space travel may still seem far from practical.However， I believe that it is important that we keep going forward or we’ll risk delaying further discoveries and technological advancements that will be beneficial for us.
9.According to Paragraph 1， what do some people think of space exploration？（　　）
A.Useless. B.Wasteful.
C.Beneficial. D.Harmful.
10.What does the underlined word “that” in the second paragraph refer to？（　　）
A.The advance. B.The development.
C.The investment. D.The problem.
11.How does NASA’s advancements contribute to the development of artificial limbs？（　　）
A.By providing a foundation.
B.By adding certain materials.
C.By acting as a driving force.
D.By helping realize the mass production.
12.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs？（　　）
A.Space programmes are of great benefit to us.
B.Space travel appears to be within people’s reach.
C.More and more children are interested in science.
D.New technological discoveries have been delayed.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　There is something about Mars that always fascinates us.Throughout history， different cultures and individuals have looked at the blood-red star in the night sky and filled it with whatever their imaginations associated with the unknown.
　　13.（　　）.The first is its red colour.The second is that it is the only planet that appears to undergo significant change in brightness.Sometimes it burns brightly.At other times， it fades （褪色） into darkness.
　　Perhaps it is these comings and goings that have stimulated our curiosity through the ages， as the vast library of stories set on the Red Planet can prove.14.（　　） The imaginations of many writers were fed by the leading scientific investigations of their age.
　　The late 19th century witnessed a particularly strong interest in Mars.Telescopes were just starting to solve the mystery of the planet’s surface features， but somehow our brains joined the faintly visible objects on it into straight lines.15.（　　）， with the supposed Martians digging canals in a desperate attempt to supply the deserts with water.
　　So widespread was the belief in Martian life that， in 1891， when Anne Goguet established a prize of 100，000 francs to be awarded to the first person to communicate with extraterrestrials （外星人）， Martians weren’t taken into consideration.16.（　　）.
　　So why has Mars risen above all other planets in the public awareness？ I believe it is because the more we discover about it， the better it becomes.17.（　　）.Mars has taller volcanoes， deeper canyons， colder deserts and larger dust storms.Everything about it spells adventure — and that is irresistible to us.
A.We can be on Mars at the click of a mouse
B.Yet these works aren’t wholly imaginative ideas
C.This led to the idea that Mars was a dying planet
D.We can’t help but project our hopes and fears onto Mars
E.The reason is simply that talking to them would be too easy
F.Of the five planets visible to humans on Earth， Mars stands out for two reasons
G.It is a world composed of larger-than-life versions of Earth’s most exciting landscapes
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础知识自测
维度一
1.leisure　2.creature　3.pills　4.float　5.ceilings
6.discipline　7.gravity　8.vital　9.cupboard　10.microscopes
维度二
1.absence　2.maintenance　3.occupation　4.①visible
②visibly　5.exposure　6.permanently　7.radiation
8.evaluation
维度三
1.Tired as he was　2.In view of the safety of visitors
3.never seen a more interesting
4.It is possible for us to finish
5.so that I could keep fit
维度四
1.challenges　2.or　3.which/that　4.most challenging
5.carefully　6.in　7.balanced　8.What　9.to stop　10.relaxing
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了阿米里被任命为阿联酋空间局局长，成功带领团队把太空飞船送上火星的故事。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，接到这份任命，阿米里感到震惊。
2.D　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，促使阿米里成为阿联酋空间局一员的原因是阿联酋太空计划的发展。
3.C　词义猜测题。第二段中提到阿米里带领的团队将为此次任务设计和建造的太空船命名为“希望号”，它历时七个月抵达红色星球。阿米里说，等待飞船于2021年2月9日抵达的消息是最艰难的时刻。由此可知，画线部分the moment指的是太空船着陆火星的时刻。
4.D　标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了以阿米里等女性为主要成员的团队成功将太空飞船送上火星的故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空服的颜色并不总是像人们认为的那样是白色的，随着时代和科技的进步，它们也可以是其他的颜色。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，穿白色太空服可以保护宇航员不受到太阳辐射带来的危害。
6.A　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，亮橙色非常引人注意。由此推知，亮橙色的太空服很容易被救援人员发现。
7.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可推知，美国国家航空航天局要把去火星执行任务时的太空服制成彩色的是为了活跃沉闷的太空生活氛围。
8.A　标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了太空服的颜色并不总是像人们认为的那样是白色的，随着时代和科技的进步，它们也可以是其他颜色的。故A项可以作为本文标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。世界上有很多人面临着贫困、疾病和自然灾害等带来的痛苦，因此有些人认为太空探索方面的支出应该被削减，但作者认为太空计划项目的投资对人类来说大有裨益。
9.B　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，许多人认为当前世界上还有许多需要解决的问题，而人们普遍认为太空探索方面的支出应当进行削减。由此可推知，一些人认为太空探索是浪费资源的。
10.C　代词指代题。根据画线词所在句可知，这些人认为在太空探索方面的支出应当进行削减，这是因为他们没有意识到解决社会最严重的问题需要长期的投资；通过努力、研究和发展实现的社会的巨大进步都是在投资之后的几十年才会实现。因此that指的是前面所说的投资，画线词后一句也在讲投资的重要性。
11.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中举的例子可知，美国国家航空航天局在机器人科学方面的进步为假肢的发展提供了基础。
12.A　推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，在未来三年内，太空探索和太空旅游产业的价值预计将达到3万亿美元，太空探索也可以成为孩子们进入科学和工程领域的动力。由此可推知，太空计划对人类社会大有裨益。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类为什么热衷于探索火星。
13.F　设空处位于段首，一般为所在段落的主旨句。下文指出：第一，它呈红色；第二，它是唯一一颗亮度会出现显著变化的行星。F项符合语境，对下文内容作出概括总结。F项中的two reasons与下文中的The first和The second相呼应。
14.B　设空处前一句说明了也许正是这种亮度变化激发了我们的好奇心，大量以火星为背景的故事都可以证明这一点。设空处后一句介绍了很多作家的想象力受到了当时的先进科学研究的影响。B项符合语境，与上文构成转折关系。B项中的these works指代设空处前一句中的the vast library of stories set on the Red Planet，且B项中的imaginative 与设空处后一句中的imaginations相呼应。
15.C　上文说明了在十九世纪末人们对火星产生了特别浓厚的兴趣。人们开始通过望远镜了解火星表面的特征，但人类的大脑却把这些隐约可见的物体连接成了直线。而设空处后的内容则指出：所谓的火星人在绝望地挖掘沟渠，试图为沙漠供水。C项符合语境。C项中的This指代上文描述的情况，C项中的dying与设空处后的a desperate attempt相呼应。
16.E　根据上文可知，人们普遍相信火星上存在生命，Anne Goguet在1891年提供10万法郎的奖金，奖励第一个与外星人交流的人，而火星人并未被考虑在内。E项符合语境，与上文构成因果关系。E项中的them指代上文中的Martians，且E项中的talking to与上文中的communicate with是同义词复现。
17.G　上文指出：我们之所以更重视火星，是因为我们越了解它，它就越好。G项紧承上文，作出进一步解释说明，符合语境。G项中的It指代Mars，G项中的larger-than-life versions of Earth’s most exciting landscapes与设空处后的taller volcanoes， deeper canyons， colder deserts and larger dust storms相呼应。
5 / 5Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
Life on a space station
　　Living in space is every would-be①astronaut’s dream.My six-month stay on a space station has come to an end②， and it has been a challenging but magical adventure.[1] I bet you’d love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity③definitely makes ordinary things strange！
　　The strangeness of living in space is apparent from the moment we sleep.[2] Due to④the near absence⑤of gravity in space， we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float⑥ around.[3] We usually sleep in private quarters， which are more like large cupboards⑦， or in sleeping bags attached to⑧ the walls or the ceiling⑨.[4] It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back， but the unusual beds don’t bother⑩us any more.After about eight hours of sleep， we start our day of work.
　　[1]you’d love to know ...是省略引导词that的宾语从句，该从句中又含有what和how引导的两个并列的宾语从句，作动词know的宾语。
　　[2]句中so that引导目的状语从句。介词短语Due to作原因状语。
　　[3]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词quarters；过去分词短语attached to the walls or the ceiling作后置定语，修饰名词sleeping bags。
　　[4]前一个分句中，It作形式主语，that从句作真正的主语，with复合结构作状语。
　　The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding， but they can also be extremely rewarding.[5] Our main mission is to conduct scientific research.We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity on animals and plants.Creatures such as mice， fish and mosquitoes have also been sent to the station！ In a low-gravity environment， we can learn more about changes in cells and microorganisms under the microscope .As well as doing these biological experiments， we carry out experiments in other research fields.I have been working on one experiment which locates and tracks lightning over large regions of the Earth.Hopefully， it will cast new light on the Earth’s climate and lead to better lightning protection.With so much going on， the space station needs a lot of maintenance ， so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning.
　　[5]动词不定式短语to conduct scientific research作表语，此时主语常常为mission、 aim、 duty、 dream、 plan、 purpose等。
　　The most challenging work takes place when we need to perform tasks outside the space station， such as testing new equipment， monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station.In the circumstances ， it’s time for a spacewalk.First， we put on our spacesuits， which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation .Then we head out， and sometimes perform tasks for hours at a time ， with the beautiful Earth visible below.[6] Splendid as the view of the Earth is， spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.It’s probably the most dangerous work， with potential risks such as electric shocks.That’s why every spacewalk is carefully planned.
　　In view of the low-gravity environment， eating is also different in space.Most food is dried or freeze-dried.[7] It’s a luxury to eat fresh food， because fresh produce such as fruit and vegetables can only be delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months.Salt and pepper are only in liquid form， so that they will not float away and block the air pipes.However， liquids can’t be easily controlled in space.We must drink water or any other liquids out of a bag through a thin tube of plastic.Furthermore ， to keep our body healthy， we must ensure a balanced supply of nutrients by taking pills .
　　[6]句中Splendid as the view of the Earth is是as引导的让步状语从句，as在句中意为“虽然，尽管”。句中作表语的形容词Splendid置于句首，句子使用完全倒装结构。
　　[7]主句中It作形式主语，动词不定式短语to eat fresh food作真正的主语，because引导原因状语从句。
　　[8] Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health.Did you know that in just five months， astronauts could lose a significant amount of muscle and bone mass？[9] Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body， we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day.Exercise in space is not your average workout.We have to be tied onto specially designed exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around.
　　[10] During our leisure time， there’s nothing we like more than to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by， taking pictures for our family and friends back home.
【读文清障】
①would-be adj.（形容想要成为……的人）未来的
a would-be astronaut想成为宇航员的人
②come to an end结束，完结
③gravity n.重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃
④due to由于，因为
⑤absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席
absent adj.缺乏的，不存在的；缺席的
⑥float vi.飘动，漂流；浮
vt.使浮动，使漂流
⑦cupboard n.壁橱；橱柜，衣柜
⑧attach ... to ...把……固定在……上
be attached to固定在……的；附属于……的
⑨ceiling n.天花板；上限
⑩bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力（做某事）；打扰
vi.花费时间精力（做某事）
n.麻烦，困难
occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于
mission n.任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务
evaluate vt.评估，估计，评价
evaluation n.评价；评审；估计；定值；计值
creature n.动物，生物；人
mosquito n.蚊子
microscope n.显微镜
carry out实施；执行；实行
work on从事于，致力于
locate and track定位并追踪
cast new light on使进一步了解……
maintenance n.维护，保养；维持，保持
take place发生
circumstance n.条件，状况；（circumstances）境况，（尤指）经济状况
in the circumstances在这种情况下，既然如此
exposure n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道
radiation n.辐射，放射线
at a time一次
at one time过去曾经有一段时间
visible adj.看得见的；明显的
in view of鉴于，考虑到
luxury n.不常有的乐趣（或享受）；奢侈品
luxurious adj.十分舒适的；奢侈的
tube n.管，管子；软管
furthermore adv.此外，再者
pill n.药丸，药片
take pills吃药
vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的
discipline vt.严格要求（自己）；惩罚；训练 n.训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力
leisure n.闲暇，空闲
leisure time闲暇时光，空闲时间
crew n.全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队
As the space station travels at a speed of about 17，500 miles per hour， we get to see the sunrise every 90 minutes.In these precious moments， all the challenges of life in space seem worth it.
　　[8]动词-ing短语Spending some time in the gym作主语；“of＋抽象名词”相当于形容词，用作表语。
　　[9]句中Considering these ...human body， Considering为介词，意为“鉴于”，作状语；low gravity has on the human body为省略关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词effects；动词不定式短语to do at least two hours of exercise every day作宾语补足语。
　　[10]句中 there’s nothing we like more than ...意为“我们最喜欢的是……”， “否定词＋比较级”表示最高级的意义；动词-ing短语taking pictures ...作伴随状语。
at a speed of以……速度
【参考译文】
空间站的生活
　　在太空生活是每个想成为宇航员的人的梦想。我在空间站的六个月已经结束了，这是一次充满挑战但奇妙的冒险。我敢保证你很想知道太空中的日常生活是什么样子，以及它与地球上的生活有什么不同——低重力肯定会使平常的事情变得不同寻常！
　　从睡觉的那刻起，我们就能明显感受到在太空生活的奇妙。由于太空中近乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，才不会四处漂浮。我们通常睡在独立的睡眠区，更像是大的橱柜，或者睡在固定在墙上或者天花板上的睡袋里。试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。在约八小时的睡眠后，我们开始了一天的工作。
　　占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。我们的主要任务是进行科学研究。我们需要评估低重力对动植物的影响。诸如老鼠、鱼、蚊子等生物也被送到了空间站！在低重力环境下，我们可以通过显微镜更多地了解细胞和微生物的变化。除了做这些生物实验，我们还开展其他研究领域的实验。我一直在做一个实验，可以定位并追踪地球上大片区域的闪电。希望这个实验能使人们进一步了解地球气候，并更好地做好雷电防护。空间站里发生那么多事情，需要大量的维护，所以我们经常检查空间站的支撑系统，并做一些清洁工作。
　　当我们需要在空间站外面执行任务时，例如测试新设备、监测科学实验或修理空间站，就会产生最具挑战性的工作。在这种情况下，是时候来场太空行走了。首先，我们穿上太空服，他们可以让我们在太空中呼吸，保护我们免受寒冷和辐射的伤害。然后我们走出空间站，有时执行任务要连续好几个小时，向下可以看到美丽的地球。虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。这可能是最危险的工作，因为有电击之类的潜在风险。这就是为什么（我们）要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。
　　考虑到低重力环境，太空中的饮食也大不相同。大多数食物都是脱水或冻干的。吃到新鲜的食物是一种奢侈，因为水果和蔬菜等新鲜农产品只能每隔几个月从地球运到空间站。盐和胡椒粉仅以液体的形式存在，这样它们就不会飘来飘去，堵塞通气管。但是，液体在太空中不容易控制。我们必须用塑料细管，从袋子里面喝水或其他液体。此外，为了保持身体健康，我们必须吃药来保证营养的均衡补给。
　　花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。你知道仅仅在五个月里宇航员就可能失去相当多的肌肉量和骨量吗？鉴于低重力对人体的这些负面影响，我们严格要求自己每天至少运动两个小时。在太空中锻炼可不是普通的锻炼。我们必须绑在专门设计的运动器材上，防止我们到处飘浮。
　　在空闲时间，我们最喜欢做的事就是和其他工作人员一起舒服地坐下来，看着我们非凡的星球从身边经过，拍点照片给地球上的家人和朋友看。空间站以每小时约17500英里的速度飞行，所以我们每隔90分钟就能看到日出。在这些珍贵的时刻，太空生活的所有挑战似乎都是值得的。
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
　
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What can an astronaut do during a spacewalk？（　　）
A.Fix different objects.
B.Carry out an experiment.
C.Collect any things he wants.
D.Study how things change in space.
2.Where do astronauts usually sleep in space？（　　）
A.In large cupboards.
B.On the walls.
C.In sleeping bags.
D.On the ceiling.
3.Why do astronauts use liquid forms of salt and pepper in space？（　　）
A.Liquids don’t spoil.
B.Liquids are light in weight.
C.Liquids can float away easily.
D.Liquids are convenient to use in space.
4.Which of the following is NOT astronauts’ routine task？（　　）
A.Evaluate the effects of low gravity on animals and plants.
B.Send creatures such as mice， fish and mosquitoes to the station.
C.Check the space station’s support systems and do some cleaning.
D.Learn about changes in cells and microorganisms in a low-gravity environment.
5.What can we infer from the last paragraph？（　　）
A.The astronauts regard space life as common.
B.The astronauts love to see the Earth from space.
C.The astronauts find living in space a bit boring and tiring.
D.The astronauts get more pleasure in space than on the Earth.
6.In Paragraph 4， what does the word “circumstances” refer to？（　　）
A.Preparations for a spacewalk.
B.Experiments and equipment.
C.All kinds of activities in space.
D.Performing tasks outside the station.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）以后缀“-ure”结尾的高频名词
①expose→exposure n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道
②please→pleasure n.乐事；快乐
③press→pressure n.压力
④fail→failure n.失败
（2）以t结尾的形容词变t为ce构成名词
①absent→absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席
②confident→confidence n.信心；信任；信赖
③evident→evidence n.根据；证明；证据
④important→importance n.重要性；重要
⑤silent→silence n.寂静；无声
⑥significant→significance n.重要性，意义
⑦patient→patience n.耐心；忍耐力
⑧violent→violence n.暴力；暴行
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
（1）反问句：本文的语篇类型为讲座文稿。作者运用了反问的修辞手法增强了讲座内容的吸引力和说服力。反问句就是用疑问的句式，表达肯定的观点。使用反问句能吸引人们的注意力，更能引起人们的深思与反思。
请从课文中找出此类句子，背诵并翻译。
原句：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
翻译：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（2）段落衔接：文章使用同根词、近义词等来衔接段落，实现了语篇的自然连贯。
请根据提示在课文中找出此类句子， 朗读并对比赏析。
①第一段以strange一词结尾，第二段以The strangeness开头，使用了同根词，使两个段落衔接紧密、自然流畅。
句1：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
句2：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
②第三段中的The routine tasks 与第四段开头的The most challenging work描述的都是太空任务，它们交替出现既能避免词语的重复使用，又能确保这两段内容之间紧密的内在联系。
句1：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
句2：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：析难句，清阅读障碍
1.We usually sleep in private quarters， which are more like large cupboards， or in sleeping bags attached to the walls or the ceiling.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back， but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body， we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：拓视野，育思维品质
1.What qualities do you think make an astronaut？（Critical Thinking批判性思维）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Suppose you are going to stay on the space station for a month—what would you do？ （Creative Thinking创造性思维）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席
【教材原句】　Due to the near absence of gravity in space， we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around.由于太空中近乎没有重力，我们必须把我们自己固定住，才不会四处漂浮。
【用法】
（1）in the absence of　　　　缺乏…… in/during one’s absence 某人不在时/期间 absence from school/work 缺课/缺勤 （2）absent adj. 不在的；缺席的；心不在焉的 be absent from ... 　不参加……；缺席…… （3）absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的
【佳句】　In the absence of clear goals， we may be stuck in our daily routine until we become slaves of it.没有清晰的目标，我们可能会被困在日常生活中，直到成为它的奴隶。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Our monitor was 　　　　　　（absence） from school this morning.That’s because he caught a high fever last night.
②Apparently， constant absence 　　　　　school caused him to fail in the final exam.
【写美】　完成句子
③Much work piled up 　　　　　　　　， so I will have to work extra hours today.
我不在时许多工作都堆到了一块儿，因此今天我只好加班了。
bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力（做某事）；打扰 vi.花费时间精力（做某事） n.麻烦，困难
【教材原句】　It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back， but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.
试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。
【用法】
（1）bother to do/doing sth费心做某事 bother sb about/with sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人 it bothers sb that ... 使某人苦恼的是……， 使某人生气的是…… can’t be bothered to do sth嫌麻烦而不做某事；懒得做某事 （2）have bother （in） doing sth 做某事费力
【佳句】　Don’t bother me while I’m reading.
我看书的时候别打扰我。
【联想】　表示“做某事费力”的表达还有have difficulty/problems/trouble （in） doing sth。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I don’t want to bother her 　　　　　　my problems at the moment.
②You needn’t bother 　　　　　　　　（come） to my office.
③　　　　　　 really bothers me that they haven’t replied to my letters.
【写美】　翻译句子
④对不起，打扰你了，你能告诉我去车站的路怎么走吗？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于
【教材原句】　The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding， but they can also be extremely rewarding.占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。
【用法】
（1）occupy oneself （in） doing sth/with sth　　　　　　　　忙着做某事/忙于某事 （2）occupied adj. 已被占用的；无空闲的；在使用中的；被占领的 be occupied （in） doing sth/with sth 忙着做某事/忙于某事 （3）occupation n. 侵占，占领；使用；居住；工作，职业
【佳句】　With the College Entrance Examination drawing near， I am occupied （in） preparing for it.
随着高考的临近，我忙于为此做准备。
【联想】　表示“忙于做某事”的其他表达：
be busy （in） doing sth
be busy with sth
be engaged in doing sth
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He would have attended your birthday party but he occupied 　　　　　　（he） with a very important experiment.
②Choosing an 　　　　　　（occupy） takes time， and there are a lot of things you have to think about.
【写美】　句式升级
③She is occupied （in） looking after three children at home， so she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.
→　　　　　　　　　　 three children at home， she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.（过去分词短语作状语）
→　　　　　　　　　　 three children at home， she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.（动词-ing短语作状语）
cast new light on使进一步了解……
【教材原句】　Hopefully， it will cast new light on the Earth’s climate and lead to better lightning protection.
希望这个实验能使人们进一步了解地球气候，并更好地做好雷电防护。
【用法】
bring sth to light　　揭露；披露；暴露；揭发 shed/throw light on sth 使（问题等）较容易理解 come to light 为人所知；变得众所周知；暴露 be in sb’s light 挡住某人的光线 in （the） light of 根据；按照
【佳句】　His words cast new light on the problem.
他的话使人们对这个问题有了新的认识。
These discoveries may shed new light on the current situation.这些发现也许可以让人们更进一步了解现在的形势。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The cause of the fire has been just brought 　　　　　　light.
②Many or an error has come 　　　　　　light by this simple check.
③　　　　　　 （the） light of your health， you’d better stay here for another day or two.
【写美】　完成句子
④Recent research has 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
最近的研究可以使人进一步了解导致这种疾病的原因。
circumstance n.条件，状况；（circumstances）境况，（尤指）经济状况
【教材原句】　In the circumstances， it’s time for a spacewalk.
在这种情况下，是时候来场太空行走了。
【用法】
（1）in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 （2）in/under no circumstances　　　　　　　绝不；无论如何都不（位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构） in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下 （3）if circumstances allow/permit 如果条件允许的话 （4）financial circumstances 经济状况 family/personal circumstances家庭/个人经济状况
【佳句】　Under the circumstances， it seems better not to tell him the truth.
在这种情况下，不告诉他真相似乎更好。
Under/In no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity， which is vital for my future development.
在任何情况下我都不会错过这个宝贵的机会，它对我未来的发展至关重要。
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①If 　　　　　　（circumstance） permit， I will spare no effort to help you.
②As an astronaut， he will never give up his dream of exploring space 　　　　　　any circumstances.
③ I don’t like any humour in this serious speech because I can’t think of any circumstance 　　　　　　this would be beneficial or useful.
④If you take full advantage of your speech class， you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker 　　　　　　many circumstances.
【写美】　翻译句子
⑤在任何情况下，我都不会做令你讨厌的事。（部分倒装）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
exposure n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道
【教材原句】　First， we put on our spacesuits， which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.
首先，我们穿上太空服，它们可以让我们在太空中呼吸，保护我们免受寒冷和辐射的伤害。
【用法】
（1）expose vt.　　　　使暴露（于险境）；揭露，使曝光；使接触，使体验 expose ... to ... 把……暴露在……， 使……接触…… expose sb to ... 使某人接触……；使某人暴露于…… （2）exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的 be exposed to 接触……；暴露于……
【佳句】　Studying abroad means exposure to whole new cultures， which gives you a mix of excitement and nervousness.
去国外学习意味着体验全新的文化，这会使你既兴奋又紧张。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①　　　　　　 （expose） to advertisements constantly can help to change people’s opinions over time.
②His fatness exposes him 　　　　　　a lot of jokes at the office.
③Walking deep into the forest， we suddenly felt very 　　　　　　（expose）.
【写美】　句式升级
④If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer， you will get sunburnt.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　 the sunlight for a long time in summer， you will get sunburnt.（动词-ing形式作状语）
in view of 鉴于，考虑到
【教材原句】　In view of the low-gravity environment， eating is also different in space.
考虑到低重力环境，太空中的饮食也大不相同。
【用法】
（1）view n.　　　 　风景；观点；见解；视野；视线 vt. 观看；查看；察看 on view 在展出；陈列着；展览着 in view 在视野中；在看得见的范围内 in one’s view＝from one’s point of view 在某人看来；依某人的看法 have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览 come into view 映入眼帘，进入视野 （2）view ... as ... 把……看作…… （3）viewer n. 电视观众；观看者；观察者
【佳句】　In view of the present situation， we’ll have to revise our original plan.
考虑到目前这种情况，我们不得不修改我们原来的计划。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①When we reached the top of the mountain， a wide plain below came 　　　　　　view.
②　　　　　　 view of his disability， his parents often come to his assistance.
③She climbed up to the top of the hill， from where she could have a good view 　　　　　　the whole town.
④When the car was first built， the design was viewed 　　　　　　highly original.
【写美】　完成句子
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　， we will cancel the outing.
考虑到天气，我们将取消此次郊游。
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：as引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】　Splendid as the view of the Earth is， spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。
【用法】
as用作连词引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的形容词、副词、名词或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。as意为“尽管，虽然”。常见形式有： （1）形容词＋as＋主语＋be＋其他成分 （2）副词＋as＋主语＋谓语动词＋其他成分 （3）单数可数名词＋as＋主语＋be＋其他成分 （4）动词原形＋as＋主语＋助动词/情态动词＋其他成分
【品悟】　Young as he is， he knows a lot about astronomy.
虽然他很年轻，但他知道很多天文学知识。
Search as/though they would， they could find nobody in the house.
无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。
【写美】　句型转换
①Although the shop is small， it stocks all kinds of wares.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， it stocks all kinds of wares.（as）
②Although it was raining heavily outside， they started out very early.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， they started out very early.（as）
③Although he is a child， he can tell right from wrong.
→　　　　　　　　， he can tell right from wrong.（as）
④Although he might try， he couldn’t solve the problem.
→　　　　　　　　， he couldn’t solve the problem.（as）
句型公式：“be＋of＋抽象名词”结构
【教材原句】　Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health.
花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。
【用法】
（1）be＋of＋抽象名词＝be＋该抽象名词相应的形容词。这种句型结构可用于说明主语的性质。此类抽象名词有value、use、importance、help、interest等，为了强调某种抽象的含义，在抽象名词前可用no、some、any、little、much、great等词修饰。 （2）有些抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式，只能用“be＋of＋名词” 结构表示主语的类别特征。这类名词有size、weight、height、length、width、age、opinion、colour、price、kind、type、shape、way、quality等。这类名词根据具体的情景改变单复数形式，也可在其前加冠词。 （3）“be＋of＋名词”结构还可以表示主语的根源关系，此时的名词多是表示亲属、血统、种族、国籍及出处的名词，常用的有family、blood、race、origin等。 （4）“be＋of＋名词”结构的否定形式一般为“be＋of＋no＋名词”。
【品悟】　Reading is of vital importance in language learning.阅读在语言学习中至关重要。
【写美】　完成句子/句型转换
①A college education 　　　　　　　　　in one’s life.
大学教育在人的一生中具有重要意义。
②In my opinion， grouping students based on their language abilities 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
在我看来，根据学生的语言能力对他们进行分组是非常重要的。
③The products 　　　　　　　　　　　.
这些产品质量很好。 （应用文写作之推荐信）
④The two poodles 　　　　　　　　　.
这两只狮子狗大小一样，颜色相同。
⑤Getting up early in the morning is very beneficial to this patient’s health.
→Getting up early in the morning is 　　　　　　　　to this patient’s health.
⑥The medicine is of no use to this disease.
→The medicine 　　　　　　　　this disease.
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.magical adventure　2.attached　3.Working
4.maintenance　5.equipment　6.Eating　7.nutrients
8.Exercising　9.Leisure activities　10.take pictures
第二步
1－6　ACDBBD
第三步
2.（1）Did you know that in just five months， astronauts could lose a significant amount of muscle and bone mass？
你知道仅仅在五个月里宇航员就可能失去相当多的肌肉量和骨量吗？
（2）①I bet you’d love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange！
The strangeness of living in space is apparent from the moment we sleep.
②The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding， but they can also be extremely rewarding.
The most challenging work takes place when we need to perform tasks outside the space station， such as testing new equipment， monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station.
第四步
1.我们通常睡在独立的睡眠区，更像是大的橱柜，或者睡在固定在墙上或者天花板上的睡袋里。
2.尝试背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。
3.鉴于低重力对人体的这些负面影响，我们严格要求自己每天至少运动两个小时。
第五步
1.Brave， curious， confident， considerate， cooperative， committed， determined， hard-working， healthy， intelligent， independent， patient， responsible， specialized， self-disciplined， unselfish， well-organized， optimistic ...
2.①I would carry out some interesting experiments in a low-gravity environment.（work）
②I would take my favourite food aboard the spacecraft.（eating）
③I would take photos of the Earth from different angles and share them with my geography teacher when I return.（leisure activities）
④I would keep a record of my daily routine on my vlog to share it with my family and friends back on the Earth.（leisure activities）
⑤I would take my beloved dog with me aboard the spacecraft.（leisure activities）
⑥I would ...
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①absent　②from　③in/during my absence
2.①with/about　②to come/coming　③It　④I’m sorry to bother you， but could you direct me to the station？
3.①himself　②occupation　③Occupied （in） looking after； Occupying herself （in） looking after
4.①to　②to　③In
④cast new light on the causes of the disease
5.①circumstances　②in/under　③where　④in/under
⑤In/Under no circumstances will I do something terrible to you.
6.①Exposure　②to　③exposed　④Exposing yourself to
7.①into　②In　③of　④as　⑤In view of the weather
Part Ⅱ
1.①Small as the shop is　②Heavily as/though it was raining outside　③Child as he is　④Try as he might
2.①is of great significance　②is of great importance
③are of high quality　④are of the same size and colour
⑤of great benefit　⑥is useless to
14 / 14(共140张PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Life on a space station
　　Living in space is every would-be①astronaut’s dream.My six-month
stay on a space station has come to an end②， and it has been a challenging
but magical adventure.[1] I bet you’d love to know what daily life is like
up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity③
definitely makes ordinary things strange！
　　The strangeness of living in space is apparent from the moment we
sleep.[2] Due to④the near absence⑤of gravity in space， we have to
attach ourselves so that we don’t float⑥ around.[3] We usually sleep in
private quarters， which are more like large cupboards⑦， or in sleeping
bags attached to⑧ the walls or the ceiling⑨.[4] It’s strange that we try to
sleep with no pressure against our back， but the unusual beds don’t
bother⑩us any more.After about eight hours of sleep， we start our day of
work.
　　[1]you’d love to know ...是省略引导词that的宾语从句，
该从句中又含有what和how引导的两个并列的宾语从句，作动词
know的宾语。
　　[2]句中so that引导目的状语从句。介词短语Due to作原因状
语。
　　[3]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词quarters；过去
分词短语attached to the walls or the ceiling作后置定语，修饰名
词sleeping bags。
　　[4]前一个分句中，It作形式主语，that从句作真正的主语，
with复合结构作状语。
【读文清障】
①would-be adj.（形容想要成为……的人）未来的
a would-be astronaut想成为宇航员的人
②come to an end结束，完结
③gravity n.重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃
④due to由于，因为
⑤absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席
absent adj.缺乏的，不存在的；缺席的
⑥float vi.飘动，漂流；浮
vt.使浮动，使漂流
⑦cupboard n.壁橱；橱柜，衣柜
⑧attach ... to ...把……固定在……上
be attached to固定在……的；附属于……的
⑨ceiling n.天花板；上限
⑩bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力（做某事）；打扰
vi.花费时间精力（做某事）
n.麻烦，困难
　　The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding， but
they can also be extremely rewarding.[5] Our main mission is to
conduct scientific research.We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity
on animals and plants.Creatures such as mice， fish and mosquitoes
have also been sent to the station！ In a low-gravity environment， we can
learn more about changes in cells and microorganisms under the
microscope .As well as doing these biological experiments， we carry
out experiments in other research fields.I have been working on one
experiment which locates and tracks lightning over large regions of the
Earth.
Hopefully， it will cast new light on the Earth’s climate and lead to
better lightning protection.With so much going on， the space station
needs a lot of maintenance ， so we constantly check support systems
and do some cleaning.
　　[5]动词不定式短语to conduct scientific research作表语，此时主
语常常为mission、 aim、 duty、 dream、 plan、 purpose等。
occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于
mission n.任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务
evaluate vt.评估，估计，评价
evaluation n.评价；评审；估计；定值；计值
creature n.动物，生物；人
mosquito n.蚊子
microscope n.显微镜
carry out实施；执行；实行
work on从事于，致力于
locate and track定位并追踪
cast new light on使进一步了解……
maintenance n.维护，保养；维持，保持
　　The most challenging work takes place when we need to perform
tasks outside the space station， such as testing new equipment，
monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station.In the
circumstances ， it’s time for a spacewalk.First， we put on our
spacesuits， which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from
exposure to the cold and radiation .Then we head out， and sometimes
perform tasks for hours at a time ， with the beautiful Earth visible
below.[6] Splendid as the view of the Earth is， spacewalking is not as
exciting as you might think.It’s probably the most dangerous work，
with potential risks such as electric shocks.That’s why every spacewalk
is carefully planned.
　　In view of the low-gravity environment， eating is also different in
space.Most food is dried or freeze-dried.[7] It’s a luxury to eat fresh
food， because fresh produce such as fruit and vegetables can only be
delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months.Salt
and pepper are only in liquid form， so that they will not float away and
block the air pipes.However， liquids can’t be easily controlled in
space.We must drink water or any other liquids out of a bag through a thin
tube of plastic.Furthermore ， to keep our body healthy， we must
ensure a balanced supply of nutrients by taking pills .
　　[6]句中Splendid as the view of the Earth is是as引导的让步状语从
句，as在句中意为“虽然，尽管”。句中作表语的形容词Splendid置
于句首，句子使用完全倒装结构。
　　[7]主句中It作形式主语，动词不定式短语to eat fresh food作真正
的主语，because引导原因状语从句。
take place发生
circumstance n.条件，状况；（circumstances）境况，（尤指）经济
状况
in the circumstances在这种情况下，既然如此
exposure n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道
radiation n.辐射，放射线
at a time一次
at one time过去曾经有一段时间
visible adj.看得见的；明显的
in view of鉴于，考虑到
luxury n.不常有的乐趣（或享受）；奢侈品
luxurious adj.十分舒适的；奢侈的
tube n.管，管子；软管
furthermore adv.此外，再者
pill n.药丸，药片
take pills吃药
　　[8] Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to
astronauts’ health.Did you know that in just five months， astronauts
could lose a significant amount of muscle and bone mass？[9]
Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body，
we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every
day.Exercise in space is not your average workout.We have to be tied onto
specially designed exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating
around.
　　[10] During our leisure time， there’s nothing we like more than
to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go
by， taking pictures for our family and friends back home.As the space
station travels at a speed of about 17，500 miles per hour， we get to see
the sunrise every 90 minutes.In these precious moments， all the
challenges of life in space seem worth it.
　　[8]动词-ing短语Spending some time in the gym作主语；“of＋抽
象名词”相当于形容词，用作表语。
　　[9]句中Considering these ...human body， Considering为介词，
意为“鉴于”，作状语；low gravity has on the human body为省略关
系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词effects；动词不定式短语
to do at least two hours of exercise every day作宾语补足语。
　　[10]句中 there’s nothing we like more than ...意为“我们最喜
欢的是……”， “否定词＋比较级”表示最高级的意义；动词-ing短
语taking pictures ...作伴随状语。
vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的
discipline vt.严格要求（自己）；惩罚；训练 n.训练，纪律；行为
准则；自制力
leisure n.闲暇，空闲
leisure time闲暇时光，空闲时间
crew n.全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队
at a speed of以……速度
【参考译文】
空间站的生活
　　在太空生活是每个想成为宇航员的人的梦想。我在空间站的六个
月已经结束了，这是一次充满挑战但奇妙的冒险。我敢保证你很想知
道太空中的日常生活是什么样子，以及它与地球上的生活有什么不
同——低重力肯定会使平常的事情变得不同寻常！
　　从睡觉的那刻起，我们就能明显感受到在太空生活的奇妙。由于
太空中近乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，才不会四处漂浮。我
们通常睡在独立的睡眠区，更像是大的橱柜，或者睡在固定在墙上或
者天花板上的睡袋里。试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再
为这些特别的床而烦恼了。在约八小时的睡眠后，我们开始了一天的
工作。
　　占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有
意义。我们的主要任务是进行科学研究。我们需要评估低重力对动植
物的影响。诸如老鼠、鱼、蚊子等生物也被送到了空间站！在低重力
环境下，我们可以通过显微镜更多地了解细胞和微生物的变化。除了
做这些生物实验，我们还开展其他研究领域的实验。我一直在做一个
实验，可以定位并追踪地球上大片区域的闪电。希望这个实验能使人
们进一步了解地球气候，并更好地做好雷电防护。空间站里发生那么
多事情，需要大量的维护，所以我们经常检查空间站的支撑系统，并
做一些清洁工作。
　　当我们需要在空间站外面执行任务时，例如测试新设备、监测科
学实验或修理空间站，就会产生最具挑战性的工作。在这种情况下，
是时候来场太空行走了。首先，我们穿上太空服，他们可以让我们在
太空中呼吸，保护我们免受寒冷和辐射的伤害。然后我们走出空间
站，有时执行任务要连续好几个小时，向下可以看到美丽的地球。虽
然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动
人心。这可能是最危险的工作，因为有电击之类的潜在风险。这就是
为什么（我们）要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。
　　考虑到低重力环境，太空中的饮食也大不相同。大多数食物都是
脱水或冻干的。吃到新鲜的食物是一种奢侈，因为水果和蔬菜等新鲜
农产品只能每隔几个月从地球运到空间站。盐和胡椒粉仅以液体的形
式存在，这样它们就不会飘来飘去，堵塞通气管。但是，液体在太空
中不容易控制。我们必须用塑料细管，从袋子里面喝水或其他液体。
此外，为了保持身体健康，我们必须吃药来保证营养的均衡补给。
　　花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。你知道仅仅在
五个月里宇航员就可能失去相当多的肌肉量和骨量吗？鉴于低重力对
人体的这些负面影响，我们严格要求自己每天至少运动两个小时。在
太空中锻炼可不是普通的锻炼。我们必须绑在专门设计的运动器材
上，防止我们到处飘浮。
　　在空闲时间，我们最喜欢做的事就是和其他工作人员一起舒服地
坐下来，看着我们非凡的星球从身边经过，拍点照片给地球上的家人
和朋友看。空间站以每小时约17500英里的速度飞行，所以我们每隔
90分钟就能看到日出。在这些珍贵的时刻，太空生活的所有挑战似乎
都是值得的。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1. What can an astronaut do during a spacewalk？（　　）
A. Fix different objects.
B. Carry out an experiment.
C. Collect any things he wants.
D. Study how things change in space.
2. Where do astronauts usually sleep in space？（　　）
A. In large cupboards.
B. On the walls.
C. In sleeping bags.
D. On the ceiling.
3. Why do astronauts use liquid forms of salt and pepper in space？
（　　）
A. Liquids don’t spoil.
B. Liquids are light in weight.
C. Liquids can float away easily.
D. Liquids are convenient to use in space.
4. Which of the following is NOT astronauts’ routine task？（　　）
A. Evaluate the effects of low gravity on animals and plants.
B. Send creatures such as mice， fish and mosquitoes to the station.
C. Check the space station’s support systems and do some cleaning.
D. Learn about changes in cells and microorganisms in a low-gravity
environment.
5. What can we infer from the last paragraph？（　　）
A. The astronauts regard space life as common.
B. The astronauts love to see the Earth from space.
C. The astronauts find living in space a bit boring and tiring.
D. The astronauts get more pleasure in space than on the Earth.
6. In Paragraph 4， what does the word “circumstances” refer to？
（　　）
A. Preparations for a spacewalk.
B. Experiments and equipment.
C. All kinds of activities in space.
D. Performing tasks outside the station.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）以后缀“-ure”结尾的高频名词
①expose→exposure n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道
②please→pleasure n.乐事；快乐
③press→pressure n.压力
④fail→failure n.失败
（2）以t结尾的形容词变t为ce构成名词
①absent→absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席
②confident→confidence n.信心；信任；信赖
③evident→evidence n.根据；证明；证据
④important→importance n.重要性；重要
⑤silent→silence n.寂静；无声
⑥significant→significance n.重要性，意义
⑦patient→patience n.耐心；忍耐力
⑧violent→violence n.暴力；暴行
2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
（1）反问句：本文的语篇类型为讲座文稿。作者运用了反问的修
辞手法增强了讲座内容的吸引力和说服力。反问句就是用疑
问的句式，表达肯定的观点。使用反问句能吸引人们的注意
力，更能引起人们的深思与反思。
请从课文中找出此类句子，背诵并翻译。
原句：

翻译：

Did you know that in just five months， astronauts
could lose a significant amount of muscle and bone mass？　
你知道仅仅在五个月里宇航员就可能失去相当多的
肌肉量和骨量吗？　
（2）段落衔接：文章使用同根词、近义词等来衔接段落，实现了
语篇的自然连贯。
请根据提示在课文中找出此类句子， 朗读并对比赏析。
①第一段以strange一词结尾，第二段以The strangeness开头，
使用了同根词，使两个段落衔接紧密、自然流畅。
句1：


句2：

I bet you’d love to know what daily life is like up in
space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity
definitely makes ordinary things strange！　
The strangeness of living in space is apparent from the
moment we sleep.　
②第三段中的The routine tasks 与第四段开头的The most
challenging work描述的都是太空任务，它们交替出现既
能避免词语的重复使用，又能确保这两段内容之间紧密的
内在联系。
句1：

The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are
demanding， but they can also be extremely rewarding.　
句2：



The most challenging work takes place when we need to
perform tasks outside the space station， such as testing new
equipment， monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the
space station.　
第四步：析难句，清阅读障碍
1. We usually sleep in private quarters， which are more like large
cupboards， or in sleeping bags attached to the walls or the ceiling.
句式分析
自主翻译

我们通常睡在独立的睡眠区，更像是大的橱柜，或者睡
在固定在墙上或者天花板上的睡袋里。　

2. It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back，
but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.
句式分析
自主翻译

尝试背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特
别的床而烦恼了。　

3. Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body，
we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day.
句式分析
自主翻译

鉴于低重力对人体的这些负面影响，我们严格要求自己
每天至少运动两个小时。　
第五步：拓视野，育思维品质
1. What qualities do you think make an astronaut？（Critical Thinking批
判性思维）




　Brave， curious， confident， considerate， cooperative，
committed， determined， hard-working， healthy， intelligent，
independent， patient， responsible， specialized， self-disciplined，
unselfish， well-organized， optimistic ...　
2. Suppose you are going to stay on the space station for a month—what
would you do？ （Creative Thinking创造性思维）







　①I would carry out some interesting experiments in a low-gravity
environment.（work）
②I would take my favourite food aboard the spacecraft.（eating）
　③I would take photos of the Earth from different angles and share
them with my geography teacher when I return.（leisure activities）
　④I would keep a record of my daily routine on my vlog to share it
with my family and friends back on the Earth.（leisure activities）



　⑤I would take my beloved dog with me aboard the spacecraft.
（leisure activities）
⑥I would ...
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席
【教材原句】　Due to the near absence of gravity in space， we have to
attach ourselves so that we don’t float around.由于太空中近乎没有重
力，我们必须把我们自己固定住，才不会四处漂浮。
【用法】
（1）in the absence of　　　　　缺乏……
in/during one’s absence 某人不在时/期间
absence from school/work 缺课/缺勤
（2）absent adj. 不在的；缺席的；心不在焉的
be absent from ... 　不参加……；缺席……
（3）absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的
【佳句】　In the absence of clear goals， we may be stuck in our daily
routine until we become slaves of it.没有清晰的目标，我们可能会被困
在日常生活中，直到成为它的奴隶。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Our monitor was （absence） from school this
morning.That’s because he caught a high fever last night.
②Apparently， constant absence school caused him to fail in
the final exam.
【写美】　完成句子
③Much work piled up ， so I will have to work
extra hours today.
我不在时许多工作都堆到了一块儿，因此今天我只好加班了。
absent　
from　
in/during my absence　
bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力（做某事）；打扰 vi.花
费时间精力（做某事） n.麻烦，困难
【教材原句】　It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against
our back， but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.试着背部没
有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。
【用法】
（1）bother to do/doing sth费心做某事
bother sb about/with sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
it bothers sb that ... 使某人苦恼的是……，使某人生气的是……
can’t be bothered to do sth　嫌麻烦而不做某事；懒得做某事
（2）have bother （in） doing sth　做某事费力
【佳句】　Don’t bother me while I’m reading.
我看书的时候别打扰我。
【联想】　表示“做某事费力”的表达还有have
difficulty/problems/trouble （in） doing sth。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I don’t want to bother her my problems at the
moment.
②You needn’t bother （come） to my office.
③ really bothers me that they haven’t replied to my letters.
【写美】　翻译句子
④对不起，打扰你了，你能告诉我去车站的路怎么走吗？

with/about　
to come/coming　
It　
I’m sorry to bother you， but could you direct me to the station？　
occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于
【教材原句】　The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are
demanding， but they can also be extremely rewarding.占用了一天里大
部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。
【用法】
（1）occupy oneself （in） doing sth/with sth　忙着做某事/忙于某事
（2）occupied adj. 已被占用的；无空闲的；在使用中的；被占领的
be occupied （in） doing sth/with sth 忙着做某事/忙于某事
（3）occupation n.侵占，占领；使用；居住；工作，职业
【佳句】　With the College Entrance Examination drawing near， I am
occupied （in） preparing for it.
随着高考的临近，我忙于为此做准备。
【联想】　表示“忙于做某事”的其他表达：
be busy （in） doing sth
be busy with sth
be engaged in doing sth
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He would have attended your birthday party but he
occupied （he） with a very important experiment.
②Choosing an （occupy） takes time， and there are a
lot of things you have to think about.
himself　
occupation　
【写美】　句式升级
③She is occupied （in） looking after three children at home， so she no
longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.
→ three children at home， she no
longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.（过去分词短语
作状语）
→ three children at home，
she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.（动词-
ing短语作状语）
Occupied （in） looking after　
Occupying herself （in） looking after　
cast new light on使进一步了解……
【教材原句】　Hopefully， it will cast new light on the Earth’s
climate and lead to better lightning protection.
希望这个实验能使人们进一步了解地球气候，并更好地做好雷电
防护。
【用法】
bring sth to light　　　揭露；披露；暴露；揭发
shed/throw light on sth 使（问题等）较容易理解
come to light　为人所知；变得众所周知；暴露
be in sb’s light 挡住某人的光线
in （the） light of 根据；按照
【佳句】　His words cast new light on the problem.
他的话使人们对这个问题有了新的认识。
These discoveries may shed new light on the current situation.
这些发现也许可以让人们更进一步了解现在的形势。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The cause of the fire has been just brought light.
②Many or an error has come light by this simple check.
③ （the） light of your health， you’d better stay here for
another day or two.
to　
to　
In　
【写美】　完成句子
④Recent research has .
最近的研究可以使人进一步了解导致这种疾病的原因。
cast new light on the causes of the disease　
circumstance n.条件，状况；（circumstances）境况，（尤指）经
济状况
【教材原句】　In the circumstances， it’s time for a spacewalk.
在这种情况下，是时候来场太空行走了。
【用法】
（1）in/under the circumstances　在这种情况下，既然如此
（2）in/under no circumstances　　绝不；无论如何都不（位于句首
时，句子要用部分倒装结构）
in/under any circumstances　在任何情况下
（3）if circumstances allow/permit 如果条件允许的话
（4）financial circumstances 经济状况
family/personal circumstances 家庭/个人经济状况
【佳句】　Under the circumstances， it seems better not to tell him the
truth.
在这种情况下，不告诉他真相似乎更好。
Under/In no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity， which
is vital for my future development.
在任何情况下我都不会错过这个宝贵的机会，它对我未来的发展至关
重要。
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①If （circumstance） permit， I will spare no effort
to help you.
②As an astronaut， he will never give up his dream of exploring
space any circumstances.
③ I don’t like any humour in this serious speech because I can’t think
of any circumstance this would be beneficial or useful.
④If you take full advantage of your speech class， you will be able to
develop your skills as a critical thinker many circumstances.
circumstances　
in/under　
where　
in/under　
【写美】　翻译句子
⑤在任何情况下，我都不会做令你讨厌的事。（部分倒装）

In/Under no circumstances will I do something terrible to you.　
exposure n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道
【教材原句】　First， we put on our spacesuits， which allow us to
breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.
首先，我们穿上太空服，它们可以让我们在太空中呼吸，保护我们免
受寒冷和辐射的伤害。
【用法】
（1）expose vt.　　　　使暴露（于险境）；揭露，使曝光；使接
触，使体验
expose ... to ... 把……暴露在……，使……接触……
expose sb to ... 使某人接触……；使某人暴露于……
（2）exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的
be exposed to 接触……；暴露于……
【佳句】　Studying abroad means exposure to whole new cultures，
which gives you a mix of excitement and nervousness.去国外学习意味着
体验全新的文化，这会使你既兴奋又紧张。
【练透】　单句语法填空
① （expose） to advertisements constantly can help to
change people’s opinions over time.
②His fatness exposes him a lot of jokes at the office.
③Walking deep into the forest， we suddenly felt very
（expose）.
Exposure　
to　
exposed　
【写美】　句式升级
④If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer， you
will get sunburnt.
→ the sunlight for a long time in summer， you
will get sunburnt.（动词-ing形式作状语）
Exposing yourself to　
in view of 鉴于，考虑到
【教材原句】　In view of the low-gravity environment， eating is also
different in space.
考虑到低重力环境，太空中的饮食也大不相同。
【用法】
（1）view n.　　　　 风景；观点；见解；视野；视线
vt. 观看；查看；察看
on view 在展出；陈列着；展览着
in view 在视野中；在看得见的范围内
in one’s view＝from one’s point of view 在某人看来；依某人的
看法
have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览
come into view 映入眼帘，进入视野
（2）view ... as ... 把……看作……
（3）viewer n. 电视观众；观看者；观察者
【佳句】　In view of the present situation， we’ll have to revise
our original plan.考虑到目前这种情况，我们不得不修改我们原来
的计划。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①When we reached the top of the mountain， a wide plain below
came view.
② view of his disability， his parents often come to his assistance.
③She climbed up to the top of the hill， from where she could have a
good view the whole town.
④When the car was first built， the design was viewed highly
original.
into　
In　
of　
as　
【写美】　完成句子
⑤ ， we will cancel the outing.
考虑到天气，我们将取消此次郊游。
In view of the weather　
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：as引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】　Splendid as the view of the Earth is， spacewalking is
not as exciting as you might think.
虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激
动人心。
【用法】
as用作连词引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的形容
词、副词、名词或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时
要省略冠词。as意为“尽管，虽然”。常见形式有：
（1）形容词＋as＋主语＋be＋其他成分
（2）副词＋as＋主语＋谓语动词＋其他成分
（3）单数可数名词＋as＋主语＋be＋其他成分
（4）动词原形＋as＋主语＋助动词/情态动词＋其他成分
虽然他很年轻，但他知道很多天文学知识。
Search as/though they would， they could find nobody in the house.
无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。
【品悟】　Young as he is， he knows a lot about astronomy.
【写美】　句型转换
①Although the shop is small， it stocks all kinds of wares.
→ ， it stocks all kinds of wares.（as）
②Although it was raining heavily outside， they started out very early.
→ ， they started out very
early.（as）
③Although he is a child， he can tell right from wrong.
→ ， he can tell right from wrong.（as）
④Although he might try， he couldn’t solve the problem.
→ ， he couldn’t solve the problem.（as）
Small as the shop is　
Heavily as/though it was raining outside　
Child as he is　
Try as he might　
句型公式：“be＋of＋抽象名词”结构
【教材原句】　Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to
astronauts’ health.
花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。
【用法】
（1）be＋of＋抽象名词＝be＋该抽象名词相应的形容词。这种句型
结构可用于说明主语的性质。此类抽象名词有value、use、
importance、help、interest等，为了强调某种抽象的含义，在抽象名
词前可用no、some、any、little、much、great等词修饰。
（2）有些抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式，只能用“be＋of＋名
词” 结构表示主语的类别特征。这类名词有size、weight、height、
length、width、age、opinion、colour、price、kind、type、shape、
way、quality等。这类名词根据具体的情景改变单复数形式，也可在
其前加冠词。
（3）“be＋of＋名词”结构还可以表示主语的根源关系，此时的名
词多是表示亲属、血统、种族、国籍及出处的名词，常用的有
family、blood、race、origin等。
（4）“be＋of＋名词”结构的否定形式一般为“be＋of＋no＋名
词”。
【品悟】　Reading is of vital importance in language learning.阅读在
语言学习中至关重要。
【写美】　完成句子/句型转换
①A college education in one’s life.
大学教育在人的一生中具有重要意义。
②In my opinion， grouping students based on their language abilities
.
在我看来，根据学生的语言能力对他们进行分组是非常重要的。
③The products .
这些产品质量很好。　（应用文写作之推荐信）
is of great significance　
is
of great importance　
are of high quality　
④The two poodles .
这两只狮子狗大小一样，颜色相同。
⑤Getting up early in the morning is very beneficial to this patient’s
health.
→Getting up early in the morning is to this patient’s
health.
⑥The medicine is of no use to this disease.
→The medicine this disease.
are of the same size and colour　
of great benefit　
is useless to　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. However， I did not give up and I spent most of my l hours to
practice playing the piano.
2. A man has claimed to have spotted an unusual c on the giant
Red Planet in a recently released photo of Mars.
eisure　
reature　
3. According to the doctor， you shouldn’t take more than six p in
24 hours.
4. It is common knowledge that wood can f on the water.
5. The rooms were spacious， with tall windows and high c .
6. It is certain that studying at home requires a good deal of
（自制力）.
7. I don’t think you have realized the （严重性） of the
situation up to now.
8. These measures have played a （极重要的） role in restoring
the economy.
ills　
loat　
eilings　
discipline　
gravity　
vital　
9. Choosing a kitchen （橱柜） depends on various
factors， such as your storage needs and kitchen style.
10. Traditionally， astronomers study stars and planets with
telescopes.However， they can also learn about them by
using （显微镜） on rocks from outer space that hit
the Earth.
cupboard　
microscopes　
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. We did not receive any news during his long （absent）.
2. The space station requires routine （maintain） and
safety checks on most days.
3. Fill the form and write down your name， address and
（occupy）.
4. ①You had better put down your goals on paper where they
are （vision） so that they can help to monitor your
progress.
②He has （visible） aged and weakened since I saw him a
year ago.
absence　
maintenance　
occupation　
visible　
visibly　
5. Radiation （expose） can affect the process of
generating new cells in the brain， harming astronauts’ health.
6. If you don’t give up smoking now， it may damage your
health （permanent）.
7. The research proved the link between exposure to
（radiate） and childhood cancer.
8. In his book， the professor attempted an honest
（evaluate） of his own contribution to the country.
exposure　
permanently　
radiation　
evaluation　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1. 尽管他很累，但他还是努力帮助我们。（as）
， he tried to help us.
2. 考虑到游客的安全，太空博物馆采取了各种措施限制游客流量。
（in view of）
， the Space Museum took various
measures to limit visitor flow.
3. 这是我所看过的最有趣的书。（否定词＋比较级）
I have book.
Tired as he was　
In view of the safety of visitors　
never seen a more interesting　
4. 我们两天内完成这项工作是可能的。（it作形式主语）
the work in two days.
5. 为了保持健康，我决心改掉这些坏习惯。（so that引导目的状
语从句）
I determined to break myself of these bad habits
.
It is possible for us to finish　
so that I could keep
fit　
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
Life on a space station
　　Every would-be astronaut dreams of living in space one day.My life
on a space station is full of 1. （challenge）， but it’s
magical.We astronauts usually sleep in large cupboard-like private quarters
2. sleeping bags which are attached to the walls or the ceiling.Our
routine tasks 3. occupy most of the day include conducting
challenges　
or　
which/that
biological experiments and experiments in other research fields.The
4. （challenging） mission among them happens
when we perform tasks outside the space station.Every spacewalk is
5. （careful） planned because it probably is the most
dangerous work.
most challenging　
carefully　
　　We eat in a different way 6. space.Most food is dried or
freeze-dried， and fresh fruit and vegetables are precious.In addition， we
must take pills to ensure a（n） 7. （balance） supply of
nutrients.8. is of vital importance to our health is spending at
least two hours of exercise every day in the gym.When exercising， we
have to be tied onto the special exercise equipment 9. （stop）
ourselves from floating around.
　　In spite of the strangeness of living in space， the 10.
（relax） leisure time and the striking views outside the space station
really make the life worth it.
in　
balanced　
What　
to stop　
relaxing　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　In 2020 Sarah Al-Amiri， now 35， was appointed chairwoman of
the United Arab Emirates Space Agency （UAESA）.She was shocked at
the honour and the responsibilities that came with it， but she could not
have been entirely surprised.Amiri has been fascinated by space since she
was 12 years old.However， given that space exploration was still in the
hands of just a few of the world’s largest nations，
it seemed unlikely to young Amiri that a country like the UAE would reach
space any time soon.So rather than anything directly space-related， Amiri
studied computer programming in college.But by the time she graduated in
2009， the first green shoots of an Emirati space programme had begun to
grow so she applied to join UAESA and was hired at 22 as a software
engineer.
　　The UAE launched its first Earth observation satellite， DubaiSAT-
1， in 2009， followed by DubaiSAT-2 in 2013.Then， in 2014， it set
its goal to send a probe to Martian orbit by 2021.Amiri was named deputy
project manager and science lead on the mission， which had the
ambitious goal of mapping Mars’ entire atmosphere over a whole Martian
year.The spacecraft Amiri’s team designed and built for the mission was
named Hope that took seven months to reach the Red Planet.Waiting for
news of the spacecraft’s arrival on 9 February 2021， was， said
Amiri， “the toughest point.”At that time， she was standing outside
the Burj Khalifa and celebrating with the crowds who had gathered to mark
the moment.
　　The Hope mission was not just ambitious in terms of its scope （范
围）， but also in terms of gender （性别） representation.Amiri’s
science team included 80％ women， an unusual number in the field of
space exploration.She has always been determined that gender would not
in any way hold her back in her chosen field.“I grew up to be — and
continue to be — deaf to the challenges related to gender，” she says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了阿米里被任命为阿
联酋空间局局长，成功带领团队把太空飞船送上火星的故事。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了阿米里被任命为阿
联酋空间局局长，成功带领团队把太空飞船送上火星的故事。
1. How did Amiri feel when learning about her appointment？（　　）
A. Amazed. B. Worried.
C. Confused. D. Delighted.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，接到这份任命，
阿米里感到震惊。
2. What inspired Amiri to be a member of UAESA？（　　）
A. Her passion for challenges.
B. Her major in computer programming.
C. The mission of sending spacecraft to space.
D. The development of Emirati space programmes.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，促使阿米里成
为阿联酋空间局一员的原因是阿联酋太空计划的发展。
3. What do the underlined words “the moment” in Paragraph 2 mean？
（　　）
A. The UAE launched DubaiSAT.
B. Mars’ entire atmosphere was mapped.
C. The UAE’s spacecraft landed on Mars.
D. Amiri was named deputy project manager.
解析： 　词义猜测题。第二段中提到阿米里带领的团队将为此次
任务设计和建造的太空船命名为“希望号”，它历时七个月抵达红
色星球。阿米里说，等待飞船于2021年2月9日抵达的消息是最艰难
的时刻。由此可知，画线部分the moment指的是太空船着陆火星的
时刻。
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A. A Hard Road to Success
B. A Journey of Space Exploration
C. The Woman Achieving Great Goals
D. The Woman Taking the UAE to Mars
解析： 　标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了以阿
米里等女性为主要成员的团队成功将太空飞船送上火星的故事。
B
　　What do Neil Armstrong， Ed White and today’s astronauts have in
common？ They all wear a white spacesuit.Beyond NASA， space
programmes in countries like Russia and China also use white suits.This
basic colour has saved countless astronauts’ lives.NASA didn’t always
have white spacesuits.Their very first manned spaceflight， Project
Mercury， used silver suits， but none of those astronauts actually
explored the vacuum （真空） of space.And that’s the key because out
there， spacesuits have to be highly reflective.And the best colour for that
isn’t silver， but white.
　　Here on Earth， our atmosphere protects us from 77％of the sun’s
radiation.But astronauts in space don’t have that natural protection，
making them easily hurt by extreme temperatures， severe sunburn， and
even cancer-causing cell damage.So to prevent that， they wear white
suits that reflect the sun’s harmful radiation.
　　But those white suits aren’t the only garments in an astronaut’s
closet.When heading into space or coming home， NASA astronauts wear
a bright orange suit similar in colour to the safety vests Air Force pilots
wear， and it’s for similar reasons that loud orange stands out against the
blue ocean and sky and is perfect for attracting attention.
　　That being said， times are changing.Nowadays we have more ways
of finding out astronauts in need of rescue like GPS， so space agencies
are now free to get creative with their colour choices.NASA and other
programmes are already starting to use other colours like deep blue and
mustard yellow.In the future， they could look a lot different because
NASA is heading to Mars.It will be the longest crewed space mission to
date， taking as long as three years from start to finish， and during that
time， astronauts could suffer from boredom or depression.That’s where
colourful spacesuits could be useful.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空服的颜色并不
总是像人们认为的那样是白色的，随着时代和科技的进步，它们也
可以是其他的颜色。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空服的颜色并不
总是像人们认为的那样是白色的，随着时代和科技的进步，它们也
可以是其他的颜色。
5. What is the benefit of wearing white spacesuits？（　　）
A. Providing protection against hot air.
B. Building team spirit among astronauts.
C. Avoiding damaging the vacuum of space.
D. Guarding astronauts against solar radiation.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，穿白色太空服
可以保护宇航员不受到太阳辐射带来的危害。
6. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3？（　　）
A. Astronauts in bright orange are easy to spot by rescue crews.
B. Astronauts have to prepare white suits diverse in patterns.
C. Loud orange is the colour of choice for dangerous space missions.
D. The safety vests Air Force pilots wear are popular with astronauts.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，亮橙色非常引人注
意。由此推知，亮橙色的太空服很容易被救援人员发现。
7. Why will NASA use colourful spacesuits for the space mission to
Mars？（　　）
A. To set a new trend for spacesuits.
B. To brighten up the dull space life.
C. To show astronauts’ creative minds.
D. To meet the demand of space agencies.
解析：　细节理解题。根据最后一段可推知，美国国家航空航天
局要把去火星执行任务时的太空服制成彩色的是为了活跃沉闷的太
空生活氛围。
8. What can be a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A. Do Spacesuits Always Stay White？
B. How Do Spacesuits Protect Astronauts？
C. Do Colourful Spacesuits Have Advantages？
D. Why Is White So Popular With Astronauts？
解析：　标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了太空
服的颜色并不总是像人们认为的那样是白色的，随着时代和科技的
进步，它们也可以是其他颜色的。故A项可以作为本文标题。
C
　　Around the country and around the world， there is no shortage of
human suffering.Poverty， disease， violence， hurricanes， wildfire
and more are constantly troubling humanity， and even our best efforts
thus far can’t address all of everybody’s needs.Many are looking for
places to cut funding， and one of the first places that comes up in
conversation is excessive spending on space exploration.What good is it to
conduct microgravity experiments repeatedly when children are starving？
Why launch so many space-related projects when nuclear war threatens our
planet？
　　This is a line of thinking that has been coming up throughout
history.Yes， it’s short-sighted， in that it fails to recognize that our
greatest problems require long-term investment， and that society’s
greatest advances come about through hard work， research，
development， and often are realized decades after that is made.Investing
in science is investing in the betterment of humanity.
　　Over these years， many of the results of the space research have
been adapted to be applicable to our daily lives.For example， NASA’s
advancements in the areas of robotics have given manufacturers an
additional basis for the development of more advanced artificial
limbs.Additionally， certain nutritional enrichment ingredients （成分）
that were developed by NASA have been integrated into baby food
formula.
　　Space technology has also helped improve economies.Within the next
three years， the space exploration and space tourism industry are
expected to be valued at $3 trillion.It is true that for every dollar we spend
on the space programme， the US economy receives about $8 of economic
benefit.Space exploration can also serve as the motivation for children to
enter the fields of science and engineering.
　　To many people， the idea of space travel may still seem far from
practical.However， I believe that it is important that we keep going
forward or we’ll risk delaying further discoveries and technological
advancements that will be beneficial for us.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。世界上有很多人面临着贫困、疾病
和自然灾害等带来的痛苦，因此有些人认为太空探索方面的支出应
该被削减，但作者认为太空计划项目的投资对人类来说大有裨益。
本文是一篇议论文。世界上有很多人面临着贫困、疾病
和自然灾害等带来的痛苦，因此有些人认为太空探索方面的支出应
该被削减，但作者认为太空计划项目的投资对人类来说大有裨益。
9. According to Paragraph 1， what do some people think of space
exploration？（　　）
A. Useless. B. Wasteful.
C. Beneficial. D. Harmful.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，许多人认为当前
世界上还有许多需要解决的问题，而人们普遍认为太空探索方
面的支出应当进行削减。由此可推知，一些人认为太空探索是
浪费资源的。
10. What does the underlined word “that” in the second paragraph refer
to？（　　）
A. The advance. B. The development.
C. The investment. D. The problem.
解析：　代词指代题。根据画线词所在句可知，这些人认为在太空
探索方面的支出应当进行削减，这是因为他们没有意识到解决社会最
严重的问题需要长期的投资；通过努力、研究和发展实现的社会的巨
大进步都是在投资之后的几十年才会实现。因此that指的是前面所说
的投资，画线词后一句也在讲投资的重要性。
11. How does NASA’s advancements contribute to the development of
artificial limbs？（　　）
A. By providing a foundation.
B. By adding certain materials.
C. By acting as a driving force.
D. By helping realize the mass production.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段中举的例子可知，美国国家
航空航天局在机器人科学方面的进步为假肢的发展提供了基础。
12. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs？（　　）
A. Space programmes are of great benefit to us.
B. Space travel appears to be within people’s reach.
C. More and more children are interested in science.
D. New technological discoveries have been delayed.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，在未来三年
内，太空探索和太空旅游产业的价值预计将达到3万亿美元，太空
探索也可以成为孩子们进入科学和工程领域的动力。由此可推
知，太空计划对人类社会大有裨益。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　There is something about Mars that always fascinates us.Throughout
history， different cultures and individuals have looked at the blood-red
star in the night sky and filled it with whatever their imaginations
associated with the unknown.
　　13. （　　）.The first is its red colour.The second is that it is the
only planet that appears to undergo significant change in
brightness.Sometimes it burns brightly.At other times， it fades （褪
色） into darkness.
　　Perhaps it is these comings and goings that have stimulated our
curiosity through the ages， as the vast library of stories set on the Red
Planet can prove.14.（　　） The imaginations of many writers were fed
by the leading scientific investigations of their age.
　　The late 19th century witnessed a particularly strong interest in
Mars.Telescopes were just starting to solve the mystery of the planet’s
surface features， but somehow our brains joined the faintly visible objects
on it into straight lines.15.（　　）， with the supposed Martians
digging canals in a desperate attempt to supply the deserts with water.
　　So widespread was the belief in Martian life that， in 1891， when
Anne Goguet established a prize of 100，000 francs to be awarded to the
first person to communicate with extraterrestrials （外星人）， Martians
weren’t taken into consideration.16.（　　）.
　　So why has Mars risen above all other planets in the public
awareness？ I believe it is because the more we discover about it， the
better it becomes.17.（　　）.Mars has taller volcanoes， deeper
canyons， colder deserts and larger dust storms.Everything about it spells
adventure — and that is irresistible to us.
A. We can be on Mars at the click of a mouse
B. Yet these works aren’t wholly imaginative ideas
C. This led to the idea that Mars was a dying planet
D. We can’t help but project our hopes and fears onto Mars
E. The reason is simply that talking to them would be too easy
F. Of the five planets visible to humans on Earth， Mars stands out for
two reasons
G. It is a world composed of larger-than-life versions of Earth’s most
exciting landscapes
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类为什么热衷于探索
火星。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类为什么热衷于探索
火星。
13. F　设空处位于段首，一般为所在段落的主旨句。下文指出：第
一，它呈红色；第二，它是唯一一颗亮度会出现显著变化的行星。F
项符合语境，对下文内容作出概括总结。F项中的two reasons与下文中
的The first和The second相呼应。
14. B　设空处前一句说明了也许正是这种亮度变化激发了我们的好
奇心，大量以火星为背景的故事都可以证明这一点。设空处后一句介
绍了很多作家的想象力受到了当时的先进科学研究的影响。B项符合
语境，与上文构成转折关系。B项中的these works指代设空处前一句
中的the vast library of stories set on the Red Planet，且B项中的
imaginative 与设空处后一句中的imaginations相呼应。
15. C　上文说明了在十九世纪末人们对火星产生了特别浓厚的兴
趣。人们开始通过望远镜了解火星表面的特征，但人类的大脑却把这
些隐约可见的物体连接成了直线。而设空处后的内容则指出：所谓的
火星人在绝望地挖掘沟渠，试图为沙漠供水。C项符合语境。C项中的
This指代上文描述的情况，C项中的dying与设空处后的a desperate
attempt相呼应。
16. E　根据上文可知，人们普遍相信火星上存在生命，Anne Goguet
在1891年提供10万法郎的奖金，奖励第一个与外星人交流的人，而火
星人并未被考虑在内。E项符合语境，与上文构成因果关系。E项中的
them指代上文中的Martians，且E项中的talking to与上文中的
communicate with是同义词复现。
17. G　上文指出：我们之所以更重视火星，是因为我们越了解它，
它就越好。G项紧承上文，作出进一步解释说明，符合语境。G项中
的It指代Mars，G项中的larger-than-life versions of Earth’s most
exciting landscapes与设空处后的taller volcanoes， deeper canyons，
colder deserts and larger dust storms相呼应。
谢谢观看！

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