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Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
维度一：基础题型练
用适当的连接词填空。
1.　　　　　　 seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.
2.　　　　　　 she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.
3.　　　　　　 is interested in the activity can sign their names.
4.It doesn’t interest me 　　　　　　you succeed or not.
5.　　　　　　 she will come back school depends on her mother.
6.　　　　　　 his parents would allow him to go out for a trip was a question.
7.　　　　　　 the author referred to in his article was unknown to the general readers.
8.　　　　　　 will be our English teacher in the new term hasn’t been decided yet.
9.　　　　　　 travel agency will get the chance was discussed by school administrators.
10.　　　　　　 she didn’t attend the wedding party is that she had a headache.
维度二：语法与写作
用主语从句完成下列句子。
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ought to turn off the lights.
无论谁最后离开房间，都应该把灯关掉。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is a secret.
他昨天为什么来这里是个秘密。
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 doesn’t bother me too much.
她是否会来我都不太在意。
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　 the video turns out splendid.
很明显视频是极好的。
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is enough sleep.
我们最需要的是充足的睡眠。
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is known to all.
众所周知，他能流利地说英语。
7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.
他是否能来参加珍妮的生日聚会还不确定。
8.　　　　　　　　　　　　 is considered the financial center of the city.
他工作的地方被认为是这座城市的金融中心。
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用适当的连接词填空。
　　Grandma has been complaining about the vegetables sold in the supermarket， which have been grown using chemical fertilisers.To her， 1.　　　　　　 they look beautiful on the outside is obvious.However， 2.　　　　　　 she is unhappy about is the lower nutritional value and reduced flavour.Now that both of my grandparents have retired from their jobs in the city， 3.　　　　　　 they are going to spend their retirement is an important decision for them.4.　　　　　　 they can live a healthy life is the first thing they are considering.So they have made up their minds to move to the countryside， where they can live a green life.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Valerie L.Thomas is an African-American scientist and inventor best known for her patented （获得专利的） illusion transmitter （幻觉发射机） and contributions to NASA research.
　　Thomas was born in 1943 in Maryland.She was interested in science as a child.At the age of eight， her curiosity about how things worked inspired her to borrow a book called The Boy’s First Book of Radio and Electronics， which she took home hoping her father would help her take on some projects in it.However， he didn’t help her.
　　She attended an all-girls high school that did not help her with hands on projects either.But this changed in college， when Thomas was admitted to Morgan State University as one of the only two women in her class to major in physics.Thomas excelled in her studies.She graduated with excellent results and accepted a position as a data analyst at NASA.
　　In the 1970s， she managed the development of the image-processing systems for Landsat， the first satellite to send images to the Earth from space.In 1980， Thomas received a patent for an illusion transmitter.The device produces optical illusion images by means of two concave mirrors （凹面镜）.Unlike flat mirrors， which produce images that appear to be inside， or behind the mirror， concave mirrors create images that appear to be real， or in front of the mirror itself.This technology was later used by NASA and has since been adapted for use in surgery （外科手术） as well as the production of television and video screens.
　　Thomas continued to work for NASA until her retirement in 1995.Over the course of her career， Thomas contributed widely to the study of space.She helped develop computer program designs that supported research on Halley’s Comet， the ozone layer， and satellite technology.For her achievements， Thomas received a number of NASA awards including the Goddard Space Flight Center Award of Merit and the NASA Equal Opportunity Medal.
1.What do we know about Thomas’ early life？（　　）
A.She was talented in science.
B.She liked working with her father.
C.She lacked support for her interest.
D.She preferred to read boys’ books.
2.What does the underlined phrase “excelled in” in Paragraph 3 mean？（　　）
A.Did well in.
B.Had confidence in.
C.Was curious about.
D.Was concerned with.
3.What is the advantage of Thomas’ invention over flat mirrors？（　　）
A.It takes pictures more clearly.
B.It transmits images more quickly.
C.It changes the position of the image.
D.It can send images to the Earth from space.
4.What does the last paragraph focus on？（　　）
A.Thomas’ future plans.
B.Thomas’ retirement life.
C.Thomas’ research theory.
D.Thomas’ lifetime achievements.
B
　　Over the next 20 years， we are going to send more and better robots to Mars.Those robots will send back better pictures， maps， samples， and weather reports.There is a limit to what robots can tell us， though， so eventually we will have to send people to study the planet.Before people can visit Mars， we need to invent a spaceship that can take us there.Mars is very far away.Depending on where Mars and Earth are in their orbits around the Sun， it could take between six months to a year to get there.
　　The Moon is much closer.Over the next 10 years， we are going to work on building a new spacecraft that can go to the Moon.Using this craft， we will practise the skills we need to go to Mars.
　　Once we get to the Moon， we are going to build a station so that people can live and work on the Moon for months at a time.This is important so that we have a place to start from when we want to visit Mars， but it is also important because it gives us practice with living away from the Earth.
　　By the time you are old enough to be an astronaut， we will have people spending months on the Moon.By the time you are old enough to be a commander of a space mission we will be taking trips to Mars.By the time your kids are old enough to be astronauts， we may have people living on Mars.Wouldn’t it be cool to get a postcard from someone who was building a house on Mars？ Wouldn’t it be cooler if it was you who sent the postcard？
5.Why do we eventually have to send people to Mars？（　　）
A.Because the pictures that robots have sent back are not very clear.
B.Because robots can’t tell us all we want to know.
C.Because robots are controlled by us humans.
D.Because the samples robots have sent back are not good enough.
6.What can we know from the first paragraph？（　　）
A.The distance between Earth and Mars is not always the same.
B.The distance between Earth and Mars is nearly the same.
C.The distance between Earth and Mars is unchangeable.
D.The distance between Earth and Mars never changes very much.
7.Why is a space station on the Moon important？（　　）
A.Because people can learn to adapt to living on other planets.
B.Because people can practice planting crops in it.
C.Because the new spacecraft can only land in it.
D.Because astronauts can practise skills they need to go to Mars.
8.The author of the passage 　　　　.（　　）
A.thinks that trips to the Moon are an unrealistic dream
B.encourages kids to be astronauts
C.hopes to receive a postcard from Mars
D.is sure people’s dream of living on Mars will come true
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Space tourism， in which people pay to travel beyond Earth’s atmosphere and experience spaceflight， is becoming more popular than ever as companies like SpaceX are competing to provide the public with this experience.9.（　　） In this article， we will look at the pros and cons （利与弊） of future space tourism.
　　Let’s talk about the benefits first.By opening up new markets and creating new opportunities for businesses， space tourism can help the space industry.10.（　　） With more funding （资金）， there will be more research and development， which will benefit space exploration and development in the long run.
　　Besides， space tourism can lead to technological advances in rocketry， life-support systems， and space habitats.These advancements may benefit other industries on Earth.Space tourism can also generate a greater public interest in space exploration as news media follow the progress of space tourists and the companies that provide these services.11.（　　）
　　Certainly， space tourism is not without drawbacks （弊端）.One of the most significant disadvantages of space tourism is its high cost.With prices reaching millions of dollars per trip， space travel is not accessible for everyone.12.（　　） While companies have demonstrated their ability to launch and land spacecraft safely， there is always the possibility of an accident.
　　13.（　　） While it has the potential to be a great economic and scientific opportunity， it is also a costly and potentially risky business.So， before moving forward with this new industry， it is critical to carefully consider all of its pros and cons.
A.Space tourism can also pose a safety risk.
B.This may encourage more investment in the industry.
C.Overall， there are benefits and drawbacks to space tourism.
D.There is also concern that it will harm the environment of outer space.
E.The increased interest could inspire more people to seek a career in the field.
F.Companies would need to build more spacecraft to accommodate the increased demand.
G.Still， the question of whether space tourism is a good idea has become the focus of debate.
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　When my poetry was published in the junior high school yearbook， I wanted to write.In high school， I 　14　 the newspaper staff as a novice sophomore （高二新手） amidst a sea of experienced seniors.Our journalism advisor was Mr G.As a teacher， he was always 　15　， having an extraordinary gift for reaching his students.Most importantly， he possessed the ability to breathe belief into students who may have not 　16　 themselves — including me.
　　In what I had believed to be highly 　17　 wisdom， Mr G appointed me editorial editor.Sophomores were not simply granted that level of responsibility； 　18　， sophomores were not even supposed to be on the newspaper staff at all.However， Mr G never once cared about my 　19　 as a sophomore， nor did he 　20　 me to the rest of staff members.　21　， he focused on raw talent that I did not yet see.
　　When the criticism from other staff members finally became too much， I did what any 　22　 fifteen-year-old would do： I 　23　 to give up my editor position.Mr G 　24　.He said， “You are not less talented.So， you don’t get to give up.You’re going to show them what you’ve got instead.” Left with no 　25　， I showed them.
　　“Showing them” did not exactly 　26　 my life overnight and the criticism 　27　.However， Mr G’s words forced me to stand up for myself and make myself heard.Today， I am a published author.Because of Mr G’s 　28　， my dream continues to this day.
14.（　）A.appointed B.joined
C.visited D.helped
15.（　）A.recognizable B.visible
C.flexible D.approachable
16.（　）A.referred to B.shown off
C.believed in D.agreed with
17.（　）A.questionable B.collective
C.traditional D.popular
18.（　）A.as a result B.in fact
C.in return D.on the contrary
19.（　）A.warning B.standing
C.contribution D.expectation
20.（　）A.add B.remember
C.introduce D.compare
21.（　）A.Otherwise B.Besides
C.Instead D.Therefore
22.（　）A.well-mannered B.self-approving
C.warm-hearted D.self-respecting
23.（　）A.attempted B.failed
C.afforded D.hated
24.（　）A.recovered B.apologized
C.adapted D.refused
25.（　）A.offer B.excuse
C.alternative D.answer
26.（　）A.transform B.trouble
C.explain D.destroy
27.（　）A.spread B.continued
C.worked D.mattered
28.（　）A.protection B.exception
C.advice D.promise
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　In the classic fairy tale， Hansel and Gretel dropped bread crumbs （碎屑） while 29.　　　　　　 （walk） through a forest to avoid losing their way.Rovers may one day use a similar trick 30.　　　　　　 （explore） other planets without losing their date.
　　31.　　　　　　 （typical）， if a rover loses contact with Earth for good， all the data it has gathered will be lost.To avoid this， 32.　　　　　　 （researcher） suggest using a multi-rover system.In that setup， a small rover would ride on the back of 33.　　　　　 larger “mother rover”， then jump off the mother rover to enter any uncertain territory， and drop sensors like bread crumbs behind it as it proceeds.And those sensors could wirelessly pass any 34.　　　　　 （collect） data back to the mother rover.
　　Wolfgang Fink and his team 35.　　　　　　 （publish） their work on 11 February 2023.To show the concept could work， his team built their first “bread crumb” sensors 36.　　　　　　 communicate via Wi-Fi.
The “bread crumb” strategy could also be useful here on Earth.Imagine a natural disaster， such as an earthquake.A sensor-dropping rover could 37.　　　　　　 （send） into places that are too dangerous for people to navigate （驾驶）.Even if the rover broke down， its trail of sensors could still return its observations 38.　　　　　　 search-and-rescue teams.
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.What　2.That　3.Whoever　4.whether　5.When
6.Whether　7.What　8.Who　9.Which　10.Why
维度二
1.Whoever leaves the room last　2.Why he came here yesterday　3.Whether she is coming or not　4.It is obvious that　5.What we need most　6.That he can speak English fluently　7.It is uncertain whether　8.Where he works
维度三
1.that　2.what　3.how　4.Whether
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了非裔美国科学家瓦莱丽·L·托马斯，她是一位发明家，对美国的太空研究作出了广泛贡献。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段内容以及第三段中的She attended an all-girls high school that did not help her with hands on projects either.可知，瓦莱丽·L·托马斯在早期生活中缺乏别人对她的兴趣的支持。
2.A　词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文She graduated with excellent results and accepted a position as a data analyst at NASA.可推知，画线短语意为“表现良好”。
3.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Unlike flat mirrors， which produce images that appear to be inside ...or in front of the mirror itself.可知，托马斯的发明相对于平面镜的优点是它改变了图像的位置。
4.D　段落大意题。根据最后一段中的For her achievements， Thomas received a number of NASA awards ...and the NASA Equal Opportunity Medal.可知，最后一段主要讲述了托马斯一生的成就。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类对火星的探索，并对未来予以憧憬。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的There is a limit to what robots can tell us， though， so eventually we will have to send people to study the planet.可知，我们之所以需要将人类送上火星，是因为仅凭机器人，我们所掌握的信息是有限的。
6.A　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，从地球到火星需要6至12个月的时间。由此可知，火星和地球之间的距离是不固定的。
7.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，空间站可以给人们提供离开地球生活的实践经历，说明人们在空间站可以学会适应其他星球上的生活。
8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的By the time your kids are old enough to be astronauts， we may have people living on Mars.可知，作者认为在未来，会有人在火星上生活，说明作者相信人类在火星上生活的梦想终会实现。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空旅游的利与弊。
9.G　上文说明了太空旅游比以往任何时候都更受欢迎，一些公司竞相为公众提供这种体验。下文则指出本文将介绍未来太空旅游的利与弊。G项符合语境，与上文构成让步关系。
10.B　设空处前一句说明了太空旅游将开辟新市场，为企业创造新机会，助力航天业。设空处后一句指出：有了更多的资金，就会有更多的研发工作，从长远来看，这将有利于太空探索和发展。B项符合语境，与下文构成因果关系。B项中的This指代设空处前一句描述的情况。
11.E　设空处前一句说明了由于新闻媒体会持续关注太空游客和提供这些服务的公司，所以太空旅游能提高公众对太空探索的兴趣。E项符合语境，对上文内容作出进一步解释说明。E项中的The increased interest与设空处前一句中的a greater public interest相呼应。
12.A　上文介绍了太空旅游的一个显著缺点是费用高昂。设空处后一句提到：尽管很多公司已经证明其具有安全发射并着陆航天器的能力，但事故发生的可能性始终是存在的。A项符合语境，对设空处后一句的内容进行概括说明。
13.C　设空处位于最后一段的段首，而下文提到太空旅游既可能是机遇，也可能存在风险，因此，在发展这一新行业之前，认真考虑其所有优缺点至关重要。由此可推知，设空处应是对上文内容的概括总结，故C项符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在Mr G的支持和鼓励下，“我”坚持在报纸编辑团队中磨练自己，最终成为一名真正的作家。
14.B　根据下文Mr G appointed me editorial editor可知，“我”在高二的时候加入了报纸编辑团队。
15.D　根据下文having an extraordinary gift for reaching his students可知，Mr G十分平易近人。
16.C　根据下文Sophomores were not simply granted ...supposed to be on the newspaper staff at all可知，Mr G能够激发那些没有自信的学生，让他们相信自己。
17.A　根据下文Sophomores were not simply granted ...supposed to be on the newspaper staff at all可知，“我”曾对Mr G任命“我”当社论编辑的想法表示怀疑。因为“我”认为高二年级的学生通常不被授予那种责任；事实上，高二学生根本不应该在报纸编辑团队中任职。
18.B　参见上题解析。
19.B　根据上文Sophomores were simply not granted ...supposed to be on the newspaper staff at all.However ...可知，Mr G从未在意过“我”高二学生的身份，也从未将“我”与其他编辑团队成员进行比较。相反，他专注于发掘连“我”自己都不了解的、天生具有的才能。
20.D　参见上题解析。
21.C　参见第19题解析。
22.D　根据下文He said “You are not less talented.So， you don’t get to give up.You’re going to show them what you’ve got instead.”可知，“我”做了任何一个有自尊心的十五岁孩子都会做的事情：“我”试图放弃“我”的编辑职位。但Mr G拒绝了“我”。在别无选择的情况下，“我”听取了Mr G的建议，向其他人展示了“我”的能力。
23.A　参见上题解析。
24.D　参见第22题解析。
25.C　参见第22题解析。
26.A　根据“Showing them” did not exactly 可知，“向其他人展示”并没有使“我”的生活在一夜之间发生改变，批评的声音依旧不断。
27.B　参见上题解析。
28.C　根据上文He said， “You are not less talented.So， you don’t get to give up.You’re going to show them what you’ve got instead.”可知，正是因为Mr G的建议，“我”的梦想才能延续至今天。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。受童话故事启发，研究人员开发了一种探索其他星球的新方法。
29.walking　考查非谓语动词。设空处与through a forest一起作状语，且Hansel and Gretel与walk之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填walking。
30.to explore　考查非谓语动词。use sth to do sth意为“使用某物做某事”，故填to explore。
31.Typically　考查词形转换。设空处在句中作状语，应用副词，故填Typically。
32.researchers　考查名词复数。researcher是可数名词，在此处表泛指，且其前无冠词，应用其复数形式，故填researchers。
33.a　考查冠词。设空处表泛指，且larger的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
34.collected　考查非谓语动词。设空处作定语，修饰名词data， data与collect之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填collected。
35.published　考查动词的时态。设空处作谓语，根据设空后的on 11 February 2023可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填published。
36.that/which　考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词their first “bread crumb” sensors，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
37.be sent　考查动词的语态。A sensor-dropping rover与send之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且设空处前有could，故填be sent。
38.to　考查介词。return A to B为固定搭配，意为“把A带回、归还、放回或送回至B”，故填to。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
主语从句
阅读下列句子并思考其主语和谓语在数上的关系。
1.That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes， and it allows scientists to learn more about the universe.
2.Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved， but the signs are promising ...
3.How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination.
4.It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries.
【我的发现】
（1）句1－3中，加黑部分都是　　　　从句，引导词分别是　　　　　　　　　　　　。
（2）句4中，由于主语从句很长，用 　　　　作形式主语，真正的主语是后面　　　　　引导的主语从句。
一、定义
在英语中，有的从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，称作名词性从句。在主从复合句中用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，真正的主语置于句末，使句子更平衡。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
她的入选使我们很高兴。
What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed around-the-world trip.
让人们激动的是太阳能船已完成了环游世界的旅行。
It worried the woman that her son was always playing computer games.
她的儿子一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这个女人很担心。
二、基本用法
1.主语从句的引导词
类别 引导词 说明
从属连词 that、whether （不能用if） 两者在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；that无实义，whether意为“是否”
连接代词 what、which、 who、whoever、 whatever、 whichever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分
连接副词 when、where、 why、how等 在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状语等成分
【点津】　主语从句中引导词的选择技巧：
（1）根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分；
（2）根据连接词在从句中的意义。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
你将来伦敦是很久以来我听到的最好的消息。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
它是否对我们有害还要看一看。
What I have seen and heard today has made a very deep impression on me.
今天我的所见所闻给我留下了非常深刻的印象。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时举行一次会议是个重要的问题。
Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.
我们在什么地方做这个实验还在讨论之中。
Whatever he said is right.
他所说的话都是对的。
Whoever gets the job will have a lot of things to do.
任何得到这份工作的人都将有很多事情要做。
Whichever （of you） comes in first will receive a prize.
（你们中）谁先进来谁得奖。
【即时演练1】　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　 is known now.
现在大家都已经知道他昨天生病了。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　 isn’t clear.
他是否会来这里还不清楚。
③　　　　　　　　　　　　 is still a question.
这个女人为什么会被谋杀仍然是个问题。
④　　　　　　　　　　　　 is not clear to anyone.
这事是怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
⑤　　　　　　　　 is welcome.
不论谁来都欢迎。
⑥　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 has broadened my horizons.
你所告诉我的关于你的国家的事情开阔了我的眼界。
2.it作形式主语
为了避免主语显得过长，尤其是陈述句作主语时，可以用it作句子的形式主语，真正的主语从句置于句末，使句子更平衡。it作形式主语时常用于以下句型：
句型 说明
it＋连系动词＋形容词＋主语从句 常用形容词有important、（un）likely、possible、necessary、natural等
it＋连系动词＋名词＋主语从句 常用名词有fact、idea、honour、question、pity等
it＋连系动词＋过去分词＋主语从句 常用过去分词有known、proved、said、suggested、thought、believed等
it＋不及物动词＋主语从句 常用动词有appear、happen、seem、occur、matter等
【点津】　（1）“it＋连系动词be＋suggested/ordered/required/advised＋主语从句”结构中，主语从句中的谓语用“（should＋） do”；
（2）在“it＋连系动词＋important/necessary/strange/...＋主语从句”结构中，主语从句中的谓语用“（should＋） do”。
It it quite clear that the whole project goes well.
很显然，整个计划进展顺利。
It’s a pity that you should have to leave.
你非离开不可，真是遗憾。
It seems that it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨。
【即时演练2】　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　 she will do well in her exam.
很显然，她的考试成绩会很好。
②　　　　　　　　 we can’t go.
很遗憾我们不能去。
③It is very important that a student 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
学生学好英语很重要。
④It is suggested that 　　　　　　　　　.
有人建议会议延期召开。
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　 she will come or not.
她是否来这儿无关紧要。
⑥　　　　　　　　　　 China has sent another man-made satellite successfully.
据报道中国又成功发射了一颗人造卫星。
三、应注意的问题
1.从句应用陈述语序
When we start off is an important question.
我们何时出发是个重要的问题。
How he succeeded is still a puzzle.
他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。
2.主谓一致
（1）主句谓语动词用单数形式的情况
①单个从句作主语时
What our teacher said has left us much to think about.我们老师所说的话很令我们深思。
②两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时
When and where the conference will be held has not been decided yet.
会议将在何时何地举行还没定下来。
（2）主句谓语动词用复数形式的情况：并列从句作主语。
When they will set off for London and where they will stay have not been decided yet.
他们将何时出发去伦敦以及要住在哪里还没定下来。
（3）what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致，有时候根据具体意义而定。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
What they need is love.他们需要的是爱。
【即时演练3】　完成句子
①Who has broken the glass 　　　　　　.
谁打破了玻璃现在还不知道。
②What he did and when he did it 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他做了些什么和什么时候做的是我唯一想知道的事情。
③Whether the work can be completed on time 　　　　　　　　.
这项工作能否按时完成还值得怀疑。
④When they will start and where they will go 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
⑤When and where they will hold the meeting 　　　　　　　　.
他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。
comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成
【教材原句】　Run by the China National Space Administration， China’s space agency， it comprises three stages： orbiting， landing and returning.
由中国国家航天局管理，它包括三个阶段：绕、落、回。
【用法】
（1）be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成/构成 （2）consist of＝be composed of＝be made up of 包含……；由……组成/构成
【佳句】　Life is comprised of not only sunshine but also storms.
＝Life comprises not only sunshine but also storms.
＝Life is made up of not only sunshine but also storms.
＝Life consists of not only sunshine but storms.
＝Life is composed of not only sunshine but also storms.
生活不仅有阳光，而且还有暴风雨。
【练透】　完成句子
①The collection 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
这部画册收有327幅画。
②This team 　　　　　　　　experienced professionals.
这个团队由经验丰富的专业人士组成。
【写美】　一句多译
③我们班由17名男生和18名女生组成。
→Our class 　　　　　　　　　　17 boys and 18 girls.（comprise）
→Our class 　　　　　　　　　　17 boys and 18 girls.（consist）
→Our class 　　　　　　　　　　17 boys and 18 girls.（compose）
→Our class 　　　　　　　　　　17 boys and 18 girls.（make up）
foundation n.基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会
【教材原句】　The landing of Chang’e 3 proved to be a success and how it laid the foundation for future exploration was plain to see.
“嫦娥三号”的着陆被证明是成功的，它为未来的探索奠定了怎样的基础是显而易见的。
【用法】
（1）lay the foundation for 为……打下基础 shake/rock the foundations of　　从根本上动摇…… （2）found vt. 创建；建立；把……建立在 be founded on ... 建立在……基础上 （3）founder n. 创办者；发起人
【佳句】　Nowadays， technology is the foundation of our daily lives.现在科技是我们日常生活的基础。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The contract lays solid foundation 　　　　　the cooperation of the two companies.
②This misunderstanding has shaken the foundations 　　　　　　their friendship.
【写美】　完成句子
③Family harmony is very important as it 　　　　　　　　　　　　social stability.
家庭和谐非常重要，因为它为社会稳定打下了基础。
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）主语　That、Whether、How much　（2）It　that
即时演练1
①That he was ill yesterday　②Whether he’ll come here　③Why the woman was murdered　④How this happened　⑤Whoever comes　⑥What you told me about your country
即时演练2
①It is obvious that　②It’s a pity that　③（should） learn English well　④the meeting （should） be put off
⑤It doesn’t matter whether　⑥It is reported that
即时演练3
①is unknown　②are the only things I want to know
③is doubtful　④have not been decided yet　⑤is not clear
【核心知识·巧突破】
1.①comprises 327 paintings　②is comprised of
③comprises/is comprised of； consists of； is composed of； is made up of
2.①for　②of　③lays the foundation for
6 / 6(共85张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
核心知识·巧突破
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
主语从句
阅读下列句子并思考其主语和谓语在数上的关系。
1. That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-
based telescopes， and it allows scientists to learn more about the
universe.
2. Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved， but the
signs are promising ...
3. How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our
imagination.
4. It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that
developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the
world make exciting discoveries.
【我的发现】
（1）句1－3中，加蓝部分都是 从句，引导词分别
是 。
（2）句4中，由于主语从句很长，用 作形式主语，真正的主
语是后面 引导的主语从句。
主语　
That、Whether、How much　
It　
that　
一、定义
在英语中，有的从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，称作名词性
从句。在主从复合句中用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。通常放在
主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，真正的主语置于句末，使
句子更平衡。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
她的入选使我们很高兴。
What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed around-
the-world trip.
让人们激动的是太阳能船已完成了环游世界的旅行。
It worried the woman that her son was always playing computer games.
她的儿子一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这个女人很担心。
二、基本用法
1. 主语从句的引导词
类别 引导词 说明
从属连
词 that、whether （不能用if） 两者在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作
用；that无实义，whether意为“是否”
连接代
词 what、which、 who、whoever、 whatever、 whichever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等
成分
连接副
词 when、where、 why、how等 在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状
语等成分
【点津】　主语从句中引导词的选择技巧：
（1）根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分；
（2）根据连接词在从句中的意义。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this
long time.
你将来伦敦是很久以来我听到的最好的消息。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
它是否对我们有害还要看一看。
What I have seen and heard today has made a very deep
impression on me.
今天我的所见所闻给我留下了非常深刻的印象。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时举行一次会议是个重要的问题。
Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.
我们在什么地方做这个实验还在讨论之中。
Whatever he said is right.
他所说的话都是对的。
Whoever gets the job will have a lot of things to do.
任何得到这份工作的人都将有很多事情要做。
Whichever （of you） comes in first will receive a prize.
（你们中）谁先进来谁得奖。
【即时演练1】　完成句子
① is known now.
现在大家都已经知道他昨天生病了。
② isn’t clear.
他是否会来这里还不清楚。
③ is still a question.
这个女人为什么会被谋杀仍然是个问题。
④ is not clear to anyone.
这事是怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
That he was ill yesterday　
Whether he’ll come here　
Why the woman was murdered　
How this happened　
⑤ is welcome.
不论谁来都欢迎。
⑥ has broadened my horizons.
你所告诉我的关于你的国家的事情开阔了我的眼界。
Whoever comes　
What you told me about your country　
2. it作形式主语
为了避免主语显得过长，尤其是陈述句作主语时，可以用it作句子
的形式主语，真正的主语从句置于句末，使句子更平衡。it作形式
主语时常用于以下句型：
句型 说明
it＋连系动词＋形容词＋主语从句 常用形容词有important、（un）likely、possible、necessary、natural等
it＋连系动词＋名词＋主语从句 常用名词有fact、idea、honour、question、pity等
it＋连系动词＋过去分词＋主语从句 常用过去分词有known、proved、said、suggested、thought、believed等
it＋不及物动词
＋主语从句 常用动词有appear、happen、seem、occur、matter等
【点津】　（1）“it＋连系动词be＋suggested/ordered/required/advised
＋主语从句”结构中，主语从句中的谓语用“（should＋） do”；
（2）在“it＋连系动词＋important/necessary/strange/...＋主语从句”
结构中，主语从句中的谓语用“（should＋） do”。
It it quite clear that the whole project goes well.
很显然，整个计划进展顺利。
It’s a pity that you should have to leave.
你非离开不可，真是遗憾。
It seems that it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨。
【即时演练2】　完成句子
① she will do well in her exam.
很显然，她的考试成绩会很好。
② we can’t go.
很遗憾我们不能去。
③It is very important that a student .
学生学好英语很重要。
④It is suggested that .
有人建议会议延期召开。
It is obvious that　
It’s a pity that　
（should） learn English well　
the meeting （should） be put off　
⑤ she will come or not.
她是否来这儿无关紧要。
⑥ China has sent another man-made satellite
successfully.
据报道中国又成功发射了一颗人造卫星。
It doesn’t matter whether　
It is reported that　
三、应注意的问题
1. 从句应用陈述语序
When we start off is an important question.
我们何时出发是个重要的问题。
How he succeeded is still a puzzle.
他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。
2. 主谓一致
（1）主句谓语动词用单数形式的情况
①单个从句作主语时
What our teacher said has left us much to think about.
我们老师所说的话很令我们深思。
②两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时
When and where the conference will be held has not been
decided yet.
会议将在何时何地举行还没定下来。
（2）主句谓语动词用复数形式的情况：并列从句作主语。
When they will set off for London and where they will stay
have not been decided yet.
他们将何时出发去伦敦以及要住在哪里还没定下来。
（3）what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语
的名词保持一致，有时候根据具体意义而定。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
What they need is love.
他们需要的是爱。
【即时演练3】　完成句子
①Who has broken the glass .
谁打破了玻璃现在还不知道。
②What he did and when he did it .
他做了些什么和什么时候做的是我唯一想知道的事情。
③Whether the work can be completed on time .
这项工作能否按时完成还值得怀疑。
④When they will start and where they will go
.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
⑤When and where they will hold the meeting .
他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。
is unknown　
are the only things I want to know　
is doubtful　
have not been decided
yet　
is not clear　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
2
comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成
【教材原句】　Run by the China National Space Administration，
China’s space agency， it comprises three stages： orbiting，
landing and returning.由中国国家航天局管理，它包括三个阶段：
绕、落、回。
【用法】
（1）be comprised of　包括；包含；由……组成/构成
（2）consist of＝be composed of＝be made up of
包含……；由……组成/构成
【佳句】　Life is comprised of not only sunshine but also storms.
＝Life comprises not only sunshine but also storms.
＝Life is made up of not only sunshine but also storms.
＝Life consists of not only sunshine but storms.
＝Life is composed of not only sunshine but also storms.
生活不仅有阳光，而且还有暴风雨。
【练透】　完成句子
①The collection .
这部画册收有327幅画。
②This team experienced professionals.
这个团队由经验丰富的专业人士组成。
comprises 327 paintings　
is comprised of　
③我们班由17名男生和18名女生组成。
→Our class 17 boys and 18 girls.
（comprise）
→Our class 17 boys and 18 girls.（consist）
→Our class 17 boys and 18 girls.（compose）
→Our class 17 boys and 18 girls.（make up）
comprises/is comprised of　
consists of　
is composed of　
is made up of　
【写美】　一句多译
foundation n.基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会
【教材原句】　The landing of Chang’e 3 proved to be a success and
how it laid the foundation for future exploration was plain to see.
“嫦娥三号”的着陆被证明是成功的，它为未来的探索奠定了怎样的
基础是显而易见的。
【用法】
（1）lay the foundation for　　为……打下基础
shake/rock the foundations of　　　从根本上动摇……
（2）found vt. 创建；建立；把……建立在
be founded on ... 建立在……基础上
（3）founder n. 创办者；发起人
【佳句】　Nowadays， technology is the foundation of our daily lives.
现在科技是我们日常生活的基础。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The contract lays solid foundation the cooperation of the two
companies.
②This misunderstanding has shaken the foundations their
friendship.
for　
of　
【写美】　完成句子
③Family harmony is very important as it
social stability.
家庭和谐非常重要，因为它为社会稳定打下了基础。
lays the foundation for　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
用适当的连接词填空。
1. seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.
2. she became an artist may have been due to her father’s
influence.
3. is interested in the activity can sign their names.
4. It doesn’t interest me you succeed or not.
What　
That　
Whoever　
whether　
5. she will come back school depends on her mother.
6. his parents would allow him to go out for a trip was a
question.
7. the author referred to in his article was unknown to the
general readers.
8. will be our English teacher in the new term hasn’t been
decided yet.
9. travel agency will get the chance was discussed by school
administrators.
10. she didn’t attend the wedding party is that she had a
headache.
When　
Whether　
What　
Who　
Which　
Why　
维度二：语法与写作
用主语从句完成下列句子。
1. ought to turn off the lights.
无论谁最后离开房间，都应该把灯关掉。
2. is a secret.
他昨天为什么来这里是个秘密。
3. doesn’t bother me too much.
她是否会来我都不太在意。
4. the video turns out splendid.
很明显视频是极好的。
Whoever leaves the room last　
Why he came here yesterday　
Whether she is coming or not　
It is obvious that　
5. is enough sleep.
我们最需要的是充足的睡眠。
6. is known to all.
众所周知，他能流利地说英语。
7. he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or
not.
他是否能来参加珍妮的生日聚会还不确定。
8. is considered the financial center of the city.
他工作的地方被认为是这座城市的金融中心。
What we need most　
That he can speak English fluently　
It is uncertain whether　
Where he works　
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用适当的连接词填空。
　　Grandma has been complaining about the vegetables sold in the
supermarket， which have been grown using chemical fertilisers.To her，
1. they look beautiful on the outside is obvious.However，
2. she is unhappy about is the lower nutritional value and
reduced flavour.Now that both of my grandparents have retired from their
jobs in the city， 3. they are going to spend their retirement is an
important decision for them.4. they can live a healthy life is
the first thing they are considering.So they have made up their minds to
move to the countryside， where they can live a green life.
that　
what　
how　
Whether　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Valerie L. Thomas is an African-American scientist and inventor best
known for her patented （获得专利的） illusion transmitter （幻觉发射
机） and contributions to NASA research.
　　Thomas was born in 1943 in Maryland.She was interested in science
as a child.At the age of eight， her curiosity about how things worked
inspired her to borrow a book called The Boy’s First Book of Radio and
Electronics， which she took home hoping her father would help her take
on some projects in it.However， he didn’t help her.
　　She attended an all-girls high school that did not help her with hands
on projects either.But this changed in college， when Thomas was
admitted to Morgan State University as one of the only two women in her
class to major in physics.Thomas her studies.She
graduated with excellent results and accepted a position as a data analyst at
NASA.
excelled in　
　　In the 1970s， she managed the development of the image-processing
systems for Landsat， the first satellite to send images to the Earth from
space.In 1980， Thomas received a patent for an illusion transmitter.The
device produces optical illusion images by means of two concave mirrors
（凹面镜）.Unlike flat mirrors， which produce images that appear to be
inside， or behind the mirror， concave mirrors create images that appear
to be real， or in front of the mirror itself.This technology was later used
by NASA and has since been adapted for use in surgery （外科手术） as
well as the production of television and video screens.
　　Thomas continued to work for NASA until her retirement in
1995.Over the course of her career， Thomas contributed widely to the
study of space.She helped develop computer program designs that
supported research on Halley’s Comet， the ozone layer， and satellite
technology.For her achievements， Thomas received a number of NASA
awards including the Goddard Space Flight Center Award of Merit and the
NASA Equal Opportunity Medal.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了非裔美国科学家瓦
莱丽·L·托马斯，她是一位发明家，对美国的太空研究作出了广泛贡
献。
本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了非裔美国科学家瓦
莱丽·L·托马斯，她是一位发明家，对美国的太空研究作出了广泛贡
献。
1. What do we know about Thomas’ early life？（　　）
A. She was talented in science.
B. She liked working with her father.
C. She lacked support for her interest.
D. She preferred to read boys’ books.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段内容以及第三段中的She
attended an all-girls high school that did not help her with hands on
projects either.可知，瓦莱丽·L·托马斯在早期生活中缺乏别人对她
的兴趣的支持。
2. What does the underlined phrase “excelled in” in Paragraph 3
mean？（　　）
A. Did well in.
B. Had confidence in.
C. Was curious about.
D. Was concerned with.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文She graduated with
excellent results and accepted a position as a data analyst at NASA. 可
推知，画线短语意为“表现良好”。
3. What is the advantage of Thomas’ invention over flat mirrors？
（　　）
A. It takes pictures more clearly.
B. It transmits images more quickly.
C. It changes the position of the image.
D. It can send images to the Earth from space.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Unlike flat mirrors， which
produce images that appear to be inside ...or in front of the mirror
itself.可知，托马斯的发明相对于平面镜的优点是它改变了图像的
位置。
4. What does the last paragraph focus on？（　　）
A. Thomas’ future plans.
B. Thomas’ retirement life.
C. Thomas’ research theory.
D. Thomas’ lifetime achievements.
解析：　段落大意题。根据最后一段中的For her
achievements， Thomas received a number of NASA
awards ...and the NASA Equal Opportunity Medal.可知，最后
一段主要讲述了托马斯一生的成就。
B
　　Over the next 20 years， we are going to send more and better robots
to Mars.Those robots will send back better pictures， maps， samples，
and weather reports.There is a limit to what robots can tell us， though，
so eventually we will have to send people to study the planet.Before
people can visit Mars， we need to invent a spaceship that can take us
there.Mars is very far away.Depending on where Mars and Earth are in
their orbits around the Sun， it could take between six months to a year to
get there.
　　The Moon is much closer.Over the next 10 years， we are going to
work on building a new spacecraft that can go to the Moon.Using this
craft， we will practise the skills we need to go to Mars.
　　Once we get to the Moon， we are going to build a station so that
people can live and work on the Moon for months at a time.This is
important so that we have a place to start from when we want to visit
Mars， but it is also important because it gives us practice with living
away from the Earth.
　　By the time you are old enough to be an astronaut， we will have
people spending months on the Moon.By the time you are old enough to
be a commander of a space mission we will be taking trips to Mars.By the
time your kids are old enough to be astronauts， we may have people
living on Mars.Wouldn’t it be cool to get a postcard from someone who
was building a house on Mars？ Wouldn’t it be cooler if it was you who
sent the postcard？
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类对火星的探索，并
对未来予以憧憬。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类对火星的探索，并
对未来予以憧憬。
5. Why do we eventually have to send people to Mars？（　　）
A. Because the pictures that robots have sent back are not very clear.
B. Because robots can’t tell us all we want to know.
C. Because robots are controlled by us humans.
D. Because the samples robots have sent back are not good enough.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段中的There is a limit to what
robots can tell us， though， so eventually we will have to send people
to study the planet.可知，我们之所以需要将人类送上火星，是因为
仅凭机器人，我们所掌握的信息是有限的。
6. What can we know from the first paragraph？（　　）
A. The distance between Earth and Mars is not always the same.
B. The distance between Earth and Mars is nearly the same.
C. The distance between Earth and Mars is unchangeable.
D. The distance between Earth and Mars never changes very much.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，从地球到火星
需要6至12个月的时间。由此可知，火星和地球之间的距离是不固
定的。
7. Why is a space station on the Moon important？（　　）
A. Because people can learn to adapt to living on other planets.
B. Because people can practice planting crops in it.
C. Because the new spacecraft can only land in it.
D. Because astronauts can practise skills they need to go to Mars.
解析：　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，空间站可
以给人们提供离开地球生活的实践经历，说明人们在空间站可以学
会适应其他星球上的生活。
8. The author of the passage 　　　　.（　　）
A. thinks that trips to the Moon are an unrealistic dream
B. encourages kids to be astronauts
C. hopes to receive a postcard from Mars
D. is sure people’s dream of living on Mars will come true
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的By the time your kids are
old enough to be astronauts， we may have people living on Mars.可
知，作者认为在未来，会有人在火星上生活，说明作者相信人类在
火星上生活的梦想终会实现。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Space tourism， in which people pay to travel beyond Earth’s
atmosphere and experience spaceflight， is becoming more popular than
ever as companies like SpaceX are competing to provide the public with
this experience.9.（　　） In this article， we will look at the pros and
cons （利与弊） of future space tourism.
　　Let’s talk about the benefits first.By opening up new markets and
creating new opportunities for businesses， space tourism can help the
space industry.10.（　　） With more funding （资金）， there will be
more research and development， which will benefit space exploration and
development in the long run.
　　Besides， space tourism can lead to technological advances in
rocketry， life-support systems， and space habitats.These advancements
may benefit other industries on Earth.Space tourism can also generate a
greater public interest in space exploration as news media follow the
progress of space tourists and the companies that provide these
services.11.（　　）
　　Certainly， space tourism is not without drawbacks （弊端）.One of
the most significant disadvantages of space tourism is its high cost.With
prices reaching millions of dollars per trip， space travel is not accessible
for everyone.12.（　　） While companies have demonstrated their
ability to launch and land spacecraft safely， there is always the possibility
of an accident.
　　13. （　　） While it has the potential to be a great economic and
scientific opportunity， it is also a costly and potentially risky
business.So， before moving forward with this new industry， it is
critical to carefully consider all of its pros and cons.
A. Space tourism can also pose a safety risk.
B. This may encourage more investment in the industry.
C. Overall， there are benefits and drawbacks to space tourism.
D. There is also concern that it will harm the environment of outer space.
E. The increased interest could inspire more people to seek a career in the
field.
F. Companies would need to build more spacecraft to accommodate the
increased demand.
G. Still， the question of whether space tourism is a good idea has become
the focus of debate.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空旅游的利与
弊。
9. G　上文说明了太空旅游比以往任何时候都更受欢迎，一些公司竞
相为公众提供这种体验。下文则指出本文将介绍未来太空旅游的利与
弊。G项符合语境，与上文构成让步关系。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空旅游的利与
弊。
10. B　设空处前一句说明了太空旅游将开辟新市场，为企业创造新
机会，助力航天业。设空处后一句指出：有了更多的资金，就会有更
多的研发工作，从长远来看，这将有利于太空探索和发展。B项符合
语境，与下文构成因果关系。B项中的This指代设空处前一句描述的
情况。
11. E　设空处前一句说明了由于新闻媒体会持续关注太空游客和提供
这些服务的公司，所以太空旅游能提高公众对太空探索的兴趣。E项
符合语境，对上文内容作出进一步解释说明。E项中的The increased
interest与设空处前一句中的a greater public interest相呼应。
12. A　上文介绍了太空旅游的一个显著缺点是费用高昂。设空处后
一句提到：尽管很多公司已经证明其具有安全发射并着陆航天器的能
力，但事故发生的可能性始终是存在的。A项符合语境，对设空处后
一句的内容进行概括说明。
13. C　设空处位于最后一段的段首，而下文提到太空旅游既可能是
机遇，也可能存在风险，因此，在发展这一新行业之前，认真考虑其
所有优缺点至关重要。由此可推知，设空处应是对上文内容的概括总
结，故C项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　When my poetry was published in the junior high school yearbook， I
wanted to write.In high school， I 　14　 the newspaper staff as a novice
sophomore （高二新手） amidst a sea of experienced seniors.Our
journalism advisor was Mr G. As a teacher， he was always 　15　，
having an extraordinary gift for reaching his students.Most importantly，
he possessed the ability to breathe belief into students who may have
not 　16　 themselves — including me.
　　In what I had believed to be highly 　17　 wisdom， Mr G appointed
me editorial editor.Sophomores were not simply granted that level of
responsibility； 　18　， sophomores were not even supposed to be on
the newspaper staff at all.However， Mr G never once cared about
my 　19　 as a sophomore， nor did he 　20　 me to the rest of staff
members. 　21　， he focused on raw talent that I did not yet see.
　　When the criticism from other staff members finally became too
much， I did what any 　22　 fifteen-year-old would do： I 　23　 to
give up my editor position.Mr G 　24　.He said， “You are not less
talented.So， you don’t get to give up.You’re going to show them
what you’ve got instead.” Left with no 　25　， I showed them.
　　“Showing them” did not exactly 　26　 my life overnight and the
criticism 　27　.However， Mr G’s words forced me to stand up for
myself and make myself heard.Today， I am a published author.Because
of Mr G’s 　28　， my dream continues to this day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在Mr G的支持和鼓励下，“我”坚
持在报纸编辑团队中磨练自己，最终成为一名真正的作家。
本文是一篇记叙文。在Mr G的支持和鼓励下，“我”坚
持在报纸编辑团队中磨练自己，最终成为一名真正的作家。
14. A. appointed B. joined
C. visited D. helped
解析：　根据下文Mr G appointed me editorial editor可知，
“我”在高二的时候加入了报纸编辑团队。
15. A. recognizable B. visible
C. flexible D. approachable
解析：　根据下文having an extraordinary gift for reaching his
students可知，Mr G十分平易近人。
16. A. referred to B. shown off
C. believed in D. agreed with
解析：　根据下文Sophomores were not simply
granted ...supposed to be on the newspaper staff at all可知，Mr G能
够激发那些没有自信的学生，让他们相信自己。
17. A. questionable B. collective
C. traditional D. popular
解析：　根据下文Sophomores were not simply granted ...supposed to be on the newspaper staff at all可知，“我”曾对Mr G任命“我”当社论编辑的想法表示怀疑。因为“我”认为高二年级的学生通常不被授予那种责任；事实上，高二学生根本不应该在报纸编辑团队中任职。
18. A. as a result B. in fact
C. in return D. on the contrary
解析：　参见上题解析。
19. A. warning B. standing
C. contribution D. expectation
解析：　根据上文Sophomores were simply not
granted ...supposed to be on the newspaper staff at all.However ...
可知，Mr G从未在意过“我”高二学生的身份，也从未将“我”
与其他编辑团队成员进行比较。相反，他专注于发掘连“我”自
己都不了解的、天生具有的才能。
20. A. add B. remember
C. introduce D. compare
解析：　参见上题解析。
21. A. Otherwise B. Besides
C. Instead D. Therefore
解析：　参见第19题解析。
22. A. well-mannered B. self-approving
C. warm-hearted D. self-respecting
解析：　根据下文He said “You are not less talented.So， you
don’t get to give up.You’re going to show them what you’ve got
instead.”可知，“我”做了任何一个有自尊心的十五岁孩子都会
做的事情：“我”试图放弃“我”的编辑职位。但Mr G拒绝了
“我”。在别无选择的情况下，“我”听取了Mr G的建议，向其
他人展示了“我”的能力。
23. A. attempted B. failed
C. afforded D. hated
解析：　参见上题解析。
24. A. recovered B. apologized
C. adapted D. refused
解析：　参见第22题解析。
25. A. offer B. excuse
C. alternative D. answer
解析：　参见第22题解析。
26. A. transform B. trouble
C. explain D. destroy
解析：　根据“Showing them” did not exactly 可知，“向其他
人展示”并没有使“我”的生活在一夜之间发生改变，批评的声
音依旧不断。
27. A. spread B. continued
C. worked D. mattered
解析：　参见上题解析。
28. A. protection B. exception
C. advice D. promise
解析：　根据上文He said， “You are not less talented.So， you
don’t get to give up.You’re going to show them what you’ve got
instead.”可知，正是因为Mr G的建议，“我”的梦想才能延续至
今天。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　In the classic fairy tale， Hansel and Gretel dropped bread crumbs
（碎屑） while 29. 　　　　　　 （walk） through a forest to avoid
losing their way.Rovers may one day use a similar trick 30. 　　　　　　
（explore） other planets without losing their date.
　　31. 　　　　　　 （typical）， if a rover loses contact with Earth
for good， all the data it has gathered will be lost.To avoid this，
32. 　　　　　　 （researcher） suggest using a multi-rover system.In
that setup， a small rover would ride on the back of 33. 　　　　　 larger
“mother rover”， then jump off the mother rover to enter any uncertain
territory， and drop sensors like bread crumbs behind it as it proceeds.And
those sensors could wirelessly pass any 34. 　　　　　　 （collect） data
back to the mother rover.
　　Wolfgang Fink and his team 35. 　　　　　　 （publish） their
work on 11 February 2023.To show the concept could work， his team
built their first “bread crumb” sensors 36. 　　　　　　 communicate
via Wi-Fi.
　　The “bread crumb” strategy could also be useful here on
Earth.Imagine a natural disaster， such as an earthquake.A sensor-
dropping rover could 37. 　　　　　　 （send） into places that are too
dangerous for people to navigate （驾驶）.Even if the rover broke
down， its trail of sensors could still return its observations
38. 　　　　　　 search-and-rescue teams.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。受童话故事启发，研究人员开发了
一种探索其他星球的新方法。
本文是一篇说明文。受童话故事启发，研究人员开发了
一种探索其他星球的新方法。
29. walking　考查非谓语动词。设空处与through a forest一起作状语，
且Hansel and Gretel与walk之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填walking。
30. to explore　考查非谓语动词。use sth to do sth意为“使用某物做某
事”，故填to explore。
31. Typically　考查词形转换。设空处在句中作状语，应用副词，故
填Typically。
32. researchers　考查名词复数。researcher是可数名词，在此处表泛
指，且其前无冠词，应用其复数形式，故填researchers。
33. a　考查冠词。设空处表泛指，且larger的发音以辅音音素开头，
故填a。
34. collected　考查非谓语动词。设空处作定语，修饰名词data， data
与collect之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填collected。
35. published　考查动词的时态。设空处作谓语，根据设空后的on 11
February 2023可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去
时，故填published。
36. that/which　考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先
行词their first “bread crumb” sensors，且在从句中作主语，故填
that/which。
37. be sent　考查动词的语态。A sensor-dropping rover与send之间是被
动关系，应用被动语态，且设空处前有could，故填be sent。
38. to　考查介词。return A to B为固定搭配，意为“把A带回、归
还、放回或送回至B”，故填to。
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