资源简介

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.When he looks at the menu， an a　　　　　　 look quickly appears on his face.
2.The car salesman tried to c　　　　　　 me to buy an expensive electric car.
3.Just d　　　　　　 those thoughts from your mind — they’re crazy and not worth thinking about.
4.You should plan your r　　　　　　 in advance， using main roads as far as possible.
5.The medical professor even i　　　　　　 on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
6.She got into a 　　　　　　（恐慌） when she thought she’d forgotten the tickets.
7.How you 　　　　　　（装上） the truck impacts the safety of the goods， yourself， and the motorists around you.
8.To her pride， her son has been 　　　　　　（队长） of the school basketball team already.
9.The plan for a new office building went ahead 　　　　　　（不顾） of local opposition.
10.We would like to remind all our guests to leave their keys at reception before they 　　　　　（离开）.
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.The different parts of the picture form a 　　　　　（harmony） whole.
2.The organization’s aim is to 　　　　　　（strength） the cultural ties between China and Europe.
3.She wanted to work for a bigger and more 　　　　　　（influence） newspaper.
4.The job of a wealth management professional is to teach people what they should and should not do in their 　　　　　　（finance） lives.
5.It is 　　　　　　（astonish） how little Americans understand Chinese history.
6.In the past， people in rural areas died because of 　　　　　　（short） of medicine.
7.There is 　　　　　　（convince） evidence that listening to loud music can do great harm to our hearing.
8.Guests are requested to vacate their rooms by noon on the day of 　　　　　　（depart）.
9.The mistakes were corrected in a 　　　　　　（subsequently） edition of the book.
10.In the past， 　　　　　　（navigate） depended on a knowledge of the positions of the stars.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.听到我的话，戴维颤抖地转过身来，泪水从眼中溢出。（with复合结构）
Hearing my words， David turned around trembling 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.我是最佳志愿者的原因是我英语说得流利。（表语从句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　 I’m the best person to be a volunteer 　　　　　　I speak English fluently.
3.昨天班主任请了一天假，因此我们的班长代他参加了会议。（on behalf of）
Our head teacher took a day off yesterday， so our monitor attended the meeting 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.200公里以外的北京都感到了地震。（which引导的非限制性定语从句）
The earthquake was felt in Beijing， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.上个月我参观了一家公司，我哥哥在那里工作。（where引导的非限制性定语从句）
I paid a visit to a company last month， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
6.三天后他就去了北京。（before引导时间状语从句）
It 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　he went to Beijing.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zheng He
　　Zheng He set sail from Taicang 1.　　　　　 his first voyage in 1405.During the next 28 years he made seven voyages altogether.2.　　　　　　 （load）with china， silk， tea and other gifts for foreign rulers， his fleet paid friendly visits to over 30 countries and regions.While Zheng He’s team were sailing， the navigators took compass readings， kept logs of their voyages 3.　　　　　 charted the coast.His voyages helped China develop and strengthen relations with the countries and regions on which he set foot.With his accomplishments widely acknowledged， Zheng He 4.　　　　　　 （remember） as one of the most influential explorers in China.
　　Christopher Columbus
　　Christopher Columbus， 5.　　　　　　 was born in a port city of Italy in 1451， loved sailing and geography， which inspired him to become a sailor.Thanks to financial support from the King and Queen of Spain， he left Spain with three ships 6.　　　　 （carry） about 90 crewmen on 3 August 1492.Columbus overcame numerous 7.　　　　　　 （challenge） during the journey and finally reached the shores of the Caribbean， which 8.　　　　　　　　 （mistake） for those of the East Indies.
　　From 1493 to 1504， more land was found by Columbus over the course of his three 9.　　　　 （subsequence）voyages.His “discovery” of the New World 10.　　　　　　 （strong） encouraged lots of explorers to continue the exploration.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Life beneath the sea surface can be lovely and lively. But many organisms （生物体） there produce poisonous chemicals to keep away from predators.Divers are now collecting such poisons as candidate drugs for human medicine.
　　Sharks aren’t the scariest things in the ocean for scientists who dive to work. Powerful currents， created where the ocean floor drops away， can be just as deadly. But the scientists who work underwater train to deal with these dangers. The rewards of research and underwater adventure are greater than the risks.
　　The sea may seem like a strange place to look for new drugs. But organisms in the ocean have had to adapt to a tough environment. The chemicals they make for survival might help people， too. More than 50 years ago， scientists discovered a new anti-cancer drug in a sea sponge. Since then， researchers have been hunting the seas for more of such useful natural products.
　　With the help of underwater robots and small submarines， scientists are searching the seas — from shallow reefs to the oceans’ great depths.
　　Microbes living in the Arctic’s cold waters break down their food using more different ways than organisms on land do. This process of turning food into energy for growth， activities and reproduction is called metabolism （新陈代谢）. These pathways also produce chemicals called “secondary metabolites”. One day they might also help people.
　　During a four-year project called PharmaSeas， scientists made thousands of extracts from those seafloor samples. In about a dozen of them， researchers found mixtures that can kill bacteria that some of today’s antibiotics cannot. Yet another mixture may reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
1.Why do some sea organisms produce poisonous chemicals？（　　）
A.To struggle for existence.
B.To benefit other creatures.
C.To change their environment.
D.To hide themselves in the sea.
2.What may threaten scientists’ lives when they work underwater according to the text？（　　）
A.The darkness in the deep ocean.
B.Dangerous animals and currents.
C.Poisonous chemicals in the water.
D.The ocean floors dropping away quickly.
3.What is special about the mixtures from seafloor samples？（　　）
A.They have the same effects as today’s medicine.
B.They can treat many diseases.
C.They have unique functions.
D.They can kill all bacteria.
4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage？（　　）
A.Living Resources in the Ocean
B.Dangers of Diving in the Sea
C.Future Sources of Medicines
D.Diving for New Medicines
B
　　A team of scientists plans to explore a little-known part of the ocean.The scientists will enter what they call the “Midnight Zone” of the Indian Ocean.It is an area at a depth of about 1，000 meters below the surface where light does not reach.The project is expected to begin on 16 March and to last about five weeks.The scientists aim to explore huge underwater mountains also known as seamounts.
　　The scientists involved in the project are part of Nekton， an ocean research group that works with the University of Oxford in Britain.They are working with the Seychelles’ and Maldives’ governments in an effort to protect ocean areas.
　　Oliver Steeds is the director of the Nekton effort.He told the Associated Press that the area his team will explore is home to many forms of life.“What we do know is that beneath 1，000 meters， there’s no light down there， but a lot of animals ...are shining，” he said.
　　The Nekton scientists will be using one of the most modern deep sea submarines （潜水艇） in the world.It is named Limiting Factor.
　　Last August， the Limiting Factor completed another project： to dive to the deepest point in each of the world’s five oceans.That effort was called the Five Deeps Expedition.The deepest of these dives took the submarine to nearly 11，000 meters below sea level.
　　Robert McCallum is the leader of the expedition.He said vehicles that can dive deep into the ocean are rare.
　　The scientists will use sensors and mapping technology to identify new species and landforms deep beneath the sea.But， they also want to observe the effects humans have on the deep sea environment.They will be trying to measure the presence of plastic pollution and possible effects of climate change.
5.What is the purpose of Nekton？（　　）
A.To protect the sea.
B.To explore seamounts.
C.To discover new species.
D.To research ocean animals.
6.What is special about the “Midnight Zone”？ （　　）
A.It’s complete dark.
B.There are some lights.
C.It’s 11，000 meters deep.
D.There are no plants or animals.
7.What do we learn about the Limiting Factor？（　　）
A.It will be used for the first time.
B.It met with some failure last year.
C.It can take people travel around the world.
D.It can reach as deep as nearly 11，000 meters.
8.What do the scientists want to know through the research？（　　）
A.How new species live in the ocean.
B.How human activities affect the sea.
C.What makes life possible under the sea.
D.What effects the ocean has on Earth.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Beginning with Chinese efforts to explore and connect with Central Asia， the Silk Road consisted of massive small routes and was named after the silk cloth the Chinese produced.9.（　　） Through these routes， Chinese silk， porcelain （瓷器）， lacquer work （漆器） and ironware were shipped to the West， while pepper， flax， spices， grape and pomegranate entered China.
　　10.（　　） They promoted flow of knowledge as well.Arab astronomy， calendar and medicine found their way to China， while China’s four great inventions and silkworm breeding spread to other parts of the world.11.（　　） For example， Buddhism originated in India， blossomed in China and was enriched in Southeast Asia.Confucianism， which was born in China， gained appreciation by European thinkers such as Leibniz and Voltaire.Herein lies the appeal of mutual learning.
　　The ancient Silk Road witnessed the busy scenes of visits and trade over land and ships calling at ports.Along these major routes， capital， technology and people flowed freely.12.（　　） The ancient prosperous cities and ports developed， so did the Roman Empire as well as Parthia and Kushan Kingdoms.The Han and Tang Dynasties of China entered the golden age.The ancient Silk Road brought prosperity to these regions and contributed to their development.
　　Some regions along the ancient Silk Road used to be a land of milk and honey.Yet today， these places are often associated with conflict， crisis and challenge.13.（　　） Now， the Belt and Road Initiative intends to build an open platform of cooperation and a broad community of shared interests.It will not only achieve economic growth and balanced development， but also connect different civilizations.Mutual understanding， mutual respect， and mutual trust among different countries will be boosted.
A.More importantly， ideas were also exchanged.
B.The ancient silk routes were not only for trade.
C.Goods， resources and benefits were widely shared.
D.Such state of affairs should not be allowed to continue.
E.However， silk was just one of many goods traded on these routes.
F.Large empires provided stability and protection for the trade routes.
G.The Silk Road was never an actual road， or even a single massive trade route.
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础知识自测
维度一
1.astonished　2.convince　3.dismiss　4.route　5.insisted
6.panic　7.load　8.captain　9.regardless　10.depart
维度二
1.harmonious　2.strengthen　3.influential　4.financial
5.astonishing　6.shortage　7.convincing　8.departure
9.subsequent　10.navigation
维度三
1.with tears spilling out of his eyes
2.The reason why； is that　3.on behalf of him
4.which is more than two hundred kilometres away
5.where my brother is/was working
6.was three days before
维度四
1.on　2.Loaded　3.and　4.is remembered　5.who
6.carrying　7.challenges　8.were mistaken　9.subsequent
10.strongly
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。海底的生命是可爱且充满活力的，但是许多海洋生物都会产生有毒的化学物质来抵御捕食者。海洋生物所产生的有毒化学物质对人类很有用，科学家们现在正在寻找其中可以用于治疗人类疾病的化学物质。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的But many organisms （生物体） there produce poisonous chemicals to keep away from predators.可知，许多海洋生物会产生有毒的化学物质来抵御捕食者，也就是说，海洋生物产生有毒的化学物质是为了生存。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，对于需要潜水工作的科学家来说，鲨鱼并不是海洋中最可怕的东西，因海底落差产生的强大洋流也同样是致命的。由此可知，当科学家在水下工作时，危险的动物和洋流会威胁他们的生命。
3.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，科学家们在来自海底的样本里发现了混合物，它们可以杀死现在的一些抗生素不能杀死的细菌。有一种混合物还能减轻阿尔茨海默病的症状。由此可推知，这些来自海底样本的混合物有特殊的功能。
4.D　标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段最后一句可知，本文主要讲述了科学家们潜到海里收集各种海洋生物产生的化学物质，用于制作人类药物。因此D项（潜水寻找新药）适合作文章标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一些科学家将潜入印度洋1000米的深处，探索人类活动对海洋的影响。
5.A　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，Nekton是一个海洋研究小组，其根本目的是保护海洋。
6.B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，虽然海底1000米深处自然光无法到达，但是一些海洋动物自身会发光。
7.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，这种潜水艇可以潜入到海底接近11000米的深处。
8.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，科学家的主要目的是发现新的海洋生物，同时了解人类活动（塑料污染及气候变化）对海洋环境的影响。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丝绸之路的发展历史和意义。
9.E　根据上文可知，丝绸之路是由中国生产的丝绸命名的；根据空后一句可知，通过这些路线，中国的丝绸、瓷器、漆器和铁器被运往西方，而辣椒、亚麻、香料、葡萄和石榴进入中国。故E项（然而，丝绸只是在这些路线上被交易的许多商品之一）承上启下，符合语境。silk是词汇复现。
10.B　根据空后一句可知，丝绸之路也促进了知识交流，下文提到中国与西方的科技发明与思想文化也有了互相交流的机会。故B项（古代丝绸之路不仅是为了贸易）符合语境，空后的They指代B项中的The ancient silk routes。
11.A　根据空后列举的Buddhism和Confucianism可知，丝绸之路也有助于文化和思想的交流。故A项（更重要的是，还交流了观点）引出下文，符合语境。
12.C　空前提到丝绸之路见证了沿途各港口贸易繁忙的景象，丝绸之路沿途的主要干线上，资本、技术和人口可以自由流动；空后提到这些古代的繁华城市和港口都得以发展。故C项（商品、资源和利益被广泛分享）符合语境。
13.D　空前一句说明“然而今天，这些地方往往与冲突、危机和挑战联系在一起”。故D项（这种状况不应被容许继续下去）符合语境，D项中的Such state of affairs指代空前一句中陈述的状况。
5 / 5Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
Sailing the oceans①
Zheng He
　　[1]In the summer of 1405， Zheng He， one of China’s greatest explorers， set sail from Taicang on his first voyage②. [2]A fleet③ of over 200 ships navigated④ the blue seas， with almost 28，000 people on board⑤， which was a splendid scene.It would take 500 years before a larger fleet sailed the seas.[3]According to some records， the largest ships were over 140 metres in length， demonstrating⑥ the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships.
　　[1]one of China’s greatest explorers作Zheng He的同位语。
　　[2]句中with复合结构作状语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句。
　　[3]句中动词-ing短语demonstrating ...in constructing ships作状语，该结构中过去分词短语used in constructing ships作后置定语，修饰the advanced technology and special skills。
　　Between 1405 and 1433， on behalf of⑦ the Ming Dynasty， Zheng He made a total of⑧ seven voyages. His ships were loaded⑨ with china， silk， tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers， and the fleet paid friendly visits to⑩ more than 30 countries and regions. He even sailed as far as the east coast of Africa. As they sailed， the navigators took compass readings， kept logs of their voyages and charted the coast. Later the detailed maps became Zheng He’s Navigation Map.
　　Zheng He’s seven voyages had a far-reaching impact on China and its neighbours. [4]In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot ， legends have been passed on about this great explorer.[5]Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions， exposing foreign people to Chinese culture， and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.
　　For many years， some historians dismissed the records of these voyages as legends.[6]The final proof came when an enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing， where the fleet had been built.Zheng He’s accomplishments are now widely acknowledged ， and he is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers.
　　[4]句中where引导定语从句，修饰先行词countries and regions。
　　[5]两个并列的动词-ing短语exposing ...和allowing ...作结果状语。
　　[6]句中where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词shipyard。
Christopher Columbus
　　[7]Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451.[8]As a teenager， he loved sailing， and he showed great interest in geography， which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.
　　[7]本句有两个定语从句，一个是who引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Those；另一个是as引导的非限制性定语从句。
　　[8]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句。
　　Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. After continuous attempts， he received financial support from the King and Queen of Spain.[9]On 3 August 1492， he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen.[10]The journey was full of challenges： it took longer than expected， they faced a shortage of food， and one of the ships was leaking badly， which put everyone on this ship in grave danger.The men on board were in panic . Regardless of all the challenges， Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean. Finally， on 12 October， the crew spotted land in the distance .[11]Columbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because he was convinced that he was in the East Indies. However， the shores they had reached were of the Caribbean， not the East Indies.
　　[9]with复合结构作状语，其中动词-ing短语carrying about 90 crewmen作宾语补足语。
　　[10]句中and连接三个并列分句；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个主句。
　　[11]动词-ing短语living on the islands作后置定语，修饰名词natives；that引导宾语从句。
【读文清障】
①sail the oceans 航海
set sail （from/for ...）
（自……）起航；开航（前往……）
②voyage n.航海，航行，航天
vi.航行，远行
on one’s first voyage 在某人的第一次航海中
③fleet n.舰队；捕鱼船队；车队
a fleet of over 200 ships
由200多艘船组成的舰队
④navigate vt.航行；导航 vi.导航
navigation n.航行；导航
⑤on board 在船上（或飞机上、火车上）
⑥demonstrate vt.证明；说明；表现
⑦on behalf of 代表（或代替）；为帮助；为了
⑧a total of 总共 　in total 总共，总计
⑨load vt.& vi.装上，装入 n.负载；承载量；大量
be loaded with 装满……；充满……
⑩pay visits to 拜访，访问
compass n.罗盘，指南针；圆规
log n.航海日志，正式记录；原木
vi.& vt.伐木
keep logs of 记……日志
chart vt.记录，跟踪（进展或发展）；绘制区域地图 n.图表；海图；排行榜
have a far-reaching impact on 对……有深远的影响
set foot 踏上；踏足；踏进
legend n.传奇；传说
pass on 传递（信息）；将……传给
strengthen vt.& vi.加强，增强
harmonious adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的
strengthen harmonious relations with 增强与……友好关系
dismiss vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散
dismiss sth as ...把某事当成……不予考虑
proof n.证据，证明
prove vt.证明，证实linking v.证明是
acknowledge vt.承认（权威、地位）；承认（属实）；（公开）感谢
acknowledge sb/sth as ...
承认某人/某物是……
influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的
as is the case with 和……一样
show great interest in 对……表现出极大的兴趣
insist vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说
insist on （doing） sth 坚持（做）某事
route n.路线，路途；途径，渠道
financial adj.财政的，金融的，财务的
depart vi.& vt.离开，起程
depart from 离开……，从……起程；背离……，违反……
shortage n.不足，短缺
a shortage of food 食物短缺
leak vi.漏，渗漏；渗入 vt.漏，渗漏；泄露 n.漏洞
grave adj.严重的，严峻的
put ...in grave danger 使陷入极大的危险之中
panic n.惊恐，恐慌 vi.& vt.（使）惊慌，（使）惊慌失措
in panic 惊慌地，慌乱中
regardless adv.不顾，不加理会
regardless of 不管，不顾
in the distance 在远处
convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
shore n.岸，滨
　　Between 1493 and 1504， Columbus found more land over the course of his three subsequent voyages.[12]The major contribution of this great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World. His discovery inspired explorers such as Captain James Cook to explore and discover more vast areas of the world.[13]His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration， a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.This period also allowed for an international exchange of ideas and cultures.
　　[12]that引导表语从句，that在此处不可以省略。
　　[13]a period 是the Age of Exploration的同位语；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词period。
subsequent adj.随后的，后来的
captain n.船长，机长；上校；队长
allow for 使成为可能；考虑到，
把……计算在内
【参考译文】
碧海远航
　　郑 和
　　1405年夏，中国一位最伟大的探险家郑和从太仓起锚，开启了他的首次远航。其船队有船200余艘，载着近两万八千人，在碧海上乘风破浪，场面极其壮观。规模更大的航海船队要到500年后才出现。据史料记载，郑和船队最大的船长逾140米，可知其造船技术之高超，工艺之独特。
　　1405年到1433年期间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。他的船满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他奇珍异宝作为馈赠异邦君王的礼品。船队先后对30多个国家和地区进行友好访问。他最远甚至抵达了非洲东海岸。海员们一路上记录罗盘刻度，书写航海日志，绘制海岸地图。这些详细的地图后来集为《郑和航海图》。
　　郑和七次下西洋对中国及其邻国产生了深远影响。在郑和到访过的国家和地区，至今流传着有关这位伟大探险家的传说。郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦关系，促进中国文化的对外传播，也增进中国对海外诸邦的了解。
　　多年来，一些历史学家把这些航海记录当作传说而不予理会。后来，铁证出现了，在南京发现了一个巨大的造船厂，当年郑和的船便在此处建造。郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可，他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。
克里斯托弗·哥伦布
　　凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。1451年，哥伦布生于意大利一个港口城市。少年时代他就喜爱航海，对地理表现出极大的兴趣。这些激励他开始了海员生涯。
　　哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，开辟一条直通东印度群岛的航线。经过不懈的尝试，他终于获得了西班牙国王和王后的资助。1492年8月3日，他和约90名船员分乘三艘船从西班牙出发。这次航行中他们饱经患难：航行时间超过预期，食物储备不足，还有一艘船严重漏水，船上所有人都命悬一线。人们都陷入了恐慌。不顾所有挑战，哥伦布设法凭借自己的知识和勇敢确保每个人都平安越过海洋。终于，10月12日那天，有船员看到远方的陆地。哥伦布深信来到了东印度群岛，便将生活在岛上的土著人称为印第安人。然而，他们所到达的海岸其实属于加勒比海地区，而不是东印度群岛。
　　1493年到1504年间，哥伦布又先后三次出航，途中发现了更多陆地。这位伟大探险家最大的贡献是“发现”新大陆。他的发现激励了诸如詹姆斯·库克船长这样的探险家去探索和发现世界更广大的区域。他的航海活动开启了大航海时代的新篇章，那是一个见证许多重大地理发现的时期。这一时期也实现了思想和文化的国际交流。
　　
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What can we learn about Zheng He’s voyages from the first two paragraphs？（　　）
A.All the ships were over 140 metres in length.
B.Zheng He made seven voyages in the name of the Qing Dynasty.
C.Some details of the voyages were recorded.
D.It took 500 years for the fleet to sail the seas.
2.What was found in Nanjing and proved that Zheng He’s voyages were not legends？（　　）
A.A ship over 140 meters.
B.A record of that time.
C.An ancient shipwreck.
D.An enormous shipyard.
3.Which of the following is NOT the challenge during Christopher Columbus’s journey？（　　）
A.The bad weather during the journey.
B.The longer time of the journey.
C.One of the ships was leaking badly.
D.The shortage of food.
4.Which of the following characters helped Christopher Columbus get out of danger？（　　）
A.Kind and determined.
B.Brave and modest.
C.Humorous and clever.
D.Knowledgeable and courageous.
5.We can conclude from the story of Christopher Columbus that 　　　　.（　　）
A.one is never too old to learn
B.nothing is impossible to a willing heart
C.the longest journey begins with the first step
D.one minute on the stage needs ten years’ practice off stage
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）动词＋（t）ure→名词
①depart→departure 离开，起程
②press→pressure 压力；挤压；压强
③fail→failure 失败；失败的人（或事物）
④mix→mixture 混合；结合体
⑤expose→exposure 面临，遭受；揭露；报道
（2）名词＋-en→动词
①strength→strengthen 加强，增强
②fright→frighten 吓唬；使惊吓；使惊恐
③length→lengthen 变长；（使）加长；（使）伸长
④height→heighten 加高；提高
⑤threat→threaten 威胁；恐吓；危及
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词可以是前面整个主句，此时定语从句的位置不能放在整个句子的句首。
请在课文中找出几处which引导的非限制性定语从句的句子，背诵并翻译。
（1）原句：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
翻译：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（2）原句：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
翻译：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（3）原句：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
翻译：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：析难句，清阅读障碍
1.A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas， with almost 28，000 people on board， which was a splendid scene.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.The final proof came when an enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing， where the fleet had been built.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.Columbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because he was convinced that he was in the East Indies.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：拓视野，育思维品质
1.What factors made the voyages of Zheng He and Columbus so successful？ （Critical Thinking 批判性思维）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.What have you learnt about the spirit of exploration from the articles？ （Creative Thinking 创造性思维）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
【教材原句】　“It is clear，” he said， “that there is only one way to convince you. We must conduct an experiment.” 他说：“显然，只有一种方法可以令你们信服。我们必须做个实验。”
【用法】
（1）convince sb of sth 　　　使某人相信某事 convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事 convince sb that ... 使某人确信…… （2）convinced adj. 坚信的，确信的 be convinced of/that ... 确信……，相信…… （3）convincing adj. 有说服力的，使人信服的 convincingly adv.令人信服地，有说服力地
【佳句】　I hope I can convince you to stop by and visit us in New York.
我希望我能说服你到纽约来拜访我们。
He tried to convince me of the truth of the news but he couldn’t provide convincing proof.Therefore， it seemed that he didn’t speak convincingly.他尽力使我相信这个消息的真实性，但他无法提供令人信服的证据，所以他的说法似乎没有说服力。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①There is now a 　　　　　　（convince） evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.
②I’ve been trying to convince him 　　　　　　（see） a doctor.
③We are convinced 　　　　　　the next Olympic Games will be a better success.
④I’m firmly convinced 　　　　　　the significance of honesty， which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
【写美】　句式升级
⑤I’m convinced that you like paper-cutting， so I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.（动词-ed形式作状语）
on behalf of 代表（或代替）；为帮助；为了
【教材原句】　Between 1405 and 1433， on behalf of the Ming Dynasty， Zheng He made a total of seven voyages.1405年到1433年期间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。
【用法】
（1）on one’s behalf 　　　代表某人 in behalf of sb 为帮助某人 （2）represent sb 代表某人 stand for 代表，象征
【佳句】　On behalf of everyone here I want to thank you for your help.
我代表在场的各位感谢你的帮助。
Kate gave a piano concert on behalf of a charity.
凯特为帮助一个慈善机构举办了一场钢琴演奏会。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①On behalf 　　　　　　the Students’ Union， I’m writing to invite you to attend a lecture next Wednesday.
②Mr King can’t be here， so his wife will accept the prize 　　　　　　his behalf.
【写美】　句型转换
③Representing all our team members， I am writing to invite you to join us.
→　　　　　　　　 all our team members， I am writing to invite you to join us.
load vt.& vi.装上，装入 n.负载；承载量；大量
【教材原句】　His ships were loaded with china， silk， tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers ...他的船满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他奇珍异宝作为馈赠异邦君王的礼品……
【用法】
（1）load up　　　　 　　装载；载满货物 load ...with ... 用……装载……； 使……负担…… be loaded with 装载着…… load ...into/onto ... 把……装入（到）……；使……负担…… （2）take a load off one’s mind打消某人的顾虑，卸下心头的负担 loads of＝a load of 大量的；许多的
【佳句】　I wish I could grow up as quickly as possible so that I can lighten my parents’ load.我希望我能尽快长大，这样我就能减轻父母的负担。
Jack loaded all the groceries into his car.
杰克把所有的食品杂货装进了他的汽车。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Youth provides us with inspiring articles， through which we can exchange our feelings with friends， and take a load 　　　　　　our mind.
②It will take more than two hours to load all the goods 　　　　　　the truck.
③Thirty-six trucks were loaded 　　　　　　some 100 tons of dried milk and bandages.
【写美】　完成句子
④Even though I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I’ll spend some free time having sports so that I can keep fit and dynamic.
即使我有很多功课要做，我也会花一些空闲时间做运动，这样我就能保持健康和精力充沛。（应用文写作之体育锻炼）
strengthen vt.& vi.加强，增强
【教材原句】　Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions， exposing foreign people to Chinese culture， and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦关系，促进中国文化的对外传播，也增进中国对海外诸邦的了解。
【用法】
（1）strengthen one’s belief 　　增强某人的信念 strengthen the economy 加强经济 （2）strength n.力量，体力，力气；优势，优点；长处 strengths and weaknesses 优势和劣势，优点和缺点 have the strength to do sth 有力量/意志做某事 build up one’s strength/body 增强某人的体力 with all one’s strength 用尽全力 （3）strong adj.强壮的；强大的；强烈的；坚决的 strongly adv. 强烈地；坚固地；强有力地
【佳句】　Repairs are necessary to strengthen the bridge.
这座桥需要加固。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He threw the boy toward the bank of the river with all his 　　　　　　（strong）.
②As a good teacher， you should know your students’ 　　　　　　（strength） and weaknesses.
③One idea is that sleep helps us 　　　　　（strong） new memories.
④It is 　　　　　　（strong） recommended that the machines should be checked every year.
【写美】　完成句子
⑤When reaching the top of the mountain， I hardly 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
当到达山顶时，我几乎连移动双脚的力气都没有了。
dismiss vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散
【教材原句】　For many years， some historians dismissed the records of these voyages as legends.
多年来，一些历史学家把这些航海记录当作传说而不予理会。
【用法】
（1）dismiss sth from one’s mind 从思想上摒除某事 dismiss sb from ... 　　　　　把某人从……（职位）解雇/免职；消除，摒除（思想、感情等） dismiss sb for sth 因某事解雇某人 （2）dismissal n.解雇，开除，撤职；不予考虑，不予理会；摒弃；驳回（诉讼），不予受理
【佳句】　The suggestion should not be dismissed out of hand.
这个建议不应当直接就被摒弃。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She was dismissed 　　　　　　her job because he did private job in the company.
②The boss had to dismiss him from the post 　　　　　　his violating the company’s rules.
③His 　　　　　　（dismiss） has no connection with the quality of his work.
【写美】　完成句子
④　　　　　　　　　　， she climbed higher.
她消除了恐惧，爬得更高了。
acknowledge vt.承认（权威、地位）；承认（属实）；（公开）感谢
【教材原句】　Zheng He’s accomplishments are now widely acknowledged， and he is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers.
郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可，他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。
【用法】
（1）acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做（过）某事 acknowledge ... to be/as ... 认为……是……；承认……是…… it is generally/universally/widely acknowledged that ... ……是大家公认的；人们普遍认为…… （2）acknowledgement n.　　承认；确认；感谢；收件复函 in acknowledgement of 作为对……的认可/感谢
【佳句】　It is universally acknowledged that the film is not only instructive but also full of passion.
＝The film is universally acknowledged to be not only instructive but also full of passion.大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有教育意义，而且充满激情。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He is acknowledged 　　　　　　one of the best basketball players in the world.
②　　　　　　 is widely acknowledged that health is the most important to everyone.
③Tom acknowledged 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（defeat） in the English speech competition held last week in the lecture hall， which made us quite depressed.
【写美】　完成句子
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile.
人们普遍认为，人与人之间最短的距离是真诚的微笑。
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in English.
我感谢我的英语老师，没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此巨大的进步。
influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的
【用法】
（1）be influential in （doing） sth　　　　　　　　　对（做）某事颇有影响 （2）influence n. 影响；作用；影响力；支配力 vt. 影响；对……起作用 under the influence of ... 在……的影响下 under one’s influence 在某人的影响下 have （an） influence on/upon ... 对……有影响 influence sb to do sth 影响某人去做某事
【佳句】　He is one of the most influential performers of modern jazz.
他是现代爵士乐最有影响力的表演者之一。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The bad weather influenced them 　　　　　　　　（finish） the task in time.
②Do you believe that we can have an important influence 　　　　　　anyone we meet？
③Confucius is regarded as one of the most 　　　　　　 figures in Chinese history.He greatly 　　　　　　the development of China’s culture and education.（influence）
【写美】　完成句子
④Watching TV for a long time 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　children’s health.
长时间看电视对孩子的健康有很大的影响。
insist vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说
【教材原句】　Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，开辟一条直通东印度群岛的航线。
【用法】
（1）insist on/upon （doing） sth　坚持（做）某事 （2）insist that
【佳句】　In conclusion， so long as you insist on doing so， you will reap a harvest.
总而言之，只要你坚持这么做，你就会有收获。
The teacher insisted that every minute should be made full use of to get well prepared for the final exam.老师坚决要求充分利用每一分钟为期末考试做好准备。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He also insisted that they 　　　　　　（leave） enough space for children.
②The man insisted 　　　　　　finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
【写美】　完成句子
③Insisting that 　　　　　　　　　　　　， the old lady insisted that he 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
老太太坚持说那名男子偷了车，坚持要把他送到警察局。
panic n.惊恐，恐慌 vi.& vt.（panicked， panicked） （使）惊慌，（使）惊慌失措
【教材原句】　The men on board were in panic.船上的人们都陷入了恐慌。
【用法】
（1）in panic 　　　　　　　　惊慌地，慌乱中 get into a panic 惊慌失措 （2）panic sb into doing sth 使某人因惊慌做某事 panic over/about ... 对……惊慌
【佳句】　I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.
我感到非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。
Don’t get into a panic when you are in a dangerous situation.身处险境时，不要陷入惊慌。
【点津】　panic的过去式、动词-ed形式和动词-ing形式都要把c变成ck，再加-ed或-ing。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The first time I made a speech in public， I 　　　　　　（panic）.
②There’s no point getting 　　　　　　a panic about the exam.It’s not as difficult as you imagine.
③The war broke out and many people were panicked into 　　　　　　（leave） the country.
【写美】　完成句子
④Shoppers fled the mall 　　　　　　　　when the earthquake occurred.
地震发生时，购物者惊慌失措地逃离了商场。
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
allow for使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内
【教材原句】　This period also allowed for an international exchange of ideas and cultures.
这一时期也实现了思想和文化的国际交流。
【用法】
allow of　　　　容许有……的可能 account for 解释；说明；占……比例 answer for 对……负责；因……受到谴责 long for 期盼；渴望
【佳句】　You should always allow for the possibility that it might rain.
你一定要考虑到下雨的可能。
【练透】　选用左栏短语完成句子
①African-Americans 　　　　　　　　12％ of the US population.
②How I 　　　　　　　　a long conversation with you！
③One day， you’ll have to 　　　　　　　　what you’ve done today.
④The facts 　　　　　　　one explanation.
Part Ⅲ　重点句型解构
句型公式：keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语
【教材原句】　Regardless of all the challenges， Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean.
不顾所有挑战，哥伦布设法凭借自己的知识和勇敢确保每个人都平安越过海洋。
【用法】
“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构： （1）keep＋宾语＋adj./adv.（表示状态） （2）keep＋宾语＋动词-ing形式（宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系） （3）keep＋宾语＋动词-ed形式（宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系） （4）keep＋宾语＋介词短语（表示状态）
【品悟】　Keeping things in the lab clean and organized can help provide a safer environment.保持实验室里的物品整洁有序有助于提供一个更安全的环境。
【写美】　完成句子
①What do you do to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　？
你做什么使自己看起来气色不错并感觉舒服？
②We must 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　of what is going on in our class.
我们必须让我们的老师知道班里正在发生的事情。
③He always 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他一直使车保持良好状况。
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.seven voyages　2.achievements　3.Columbus　4.first　5.significance
第二步
1－5　CDADB
第三步
2.（1）A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas， with almost 28，000 people on board，which was a splendid scene.
其船队有船200余艘，载着近两万八千人，在碧海上乘风破浪，场面极其壮观。
（2）As a teenager， he loved sailing， and he showed great interest in geography， which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.
少年时代他就喜爱航海，对地理表现出极大的兴趣。这些激励他开始了海员生涯。
（3）The journey was full of challenges： it took longer than expected， they faced a shortage of food， and one of the ships was leaking badly， which put everyone on this ship in grave danger.
这次航行中他们饱经患难：航行时间超过预期，食物储备不足，还有一艘船严重漏水，船上所有人都命悬一线。
第四步
1.其船队有船200余艘，载着近两万八千人，在碧海上乘风破浪，场面极其壮观。
2.后来，铁证出现了，在南京发现了一个巨大的造船厂，当年郑和的船便在此处建造。
3.哥伦布深信来到了东印度群岛，便将生活在岛上的土著人称为印第安人。
第五步
1.Zheng He： advanced technology； ship-building skills；his navigation skills；learning from others by treating them in a friendly manner
Columbus：loving sailing；great interest in geography；his passion for exploration； financial support； being brave and knowledgeable；overcoming many challenges
2.The spirit of exploration is extraordinarily strong in humans and it is an important part of our existence.It is human nature to discover new things and we are not afraid of hardship or danger.This kind of spirit encourages us to try new things and push the limits of what is possible.In our daily lives， if we were not willing to explore new things or take risks， we might lose many chances to expand our understanding of the world.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①convincing　②to see　③that　④of
⑤Convinced that you like paper-cutting
2.①of　②on　③On behalf of
3.①off　②into/onto　③with
④have loads of/a load of schoolwork to do
4.①strength　②strengths　③strengthen　④strongly
⑤have the strength to move my feet
5.①from　②for　③dismissal　④Dismissing her fears
6.①as　②It　③being defeated/having been defeated
④It is generally/universally/widely acknowledged that
⑤I acknowledge my English teacher
7.①to finish　②on/upon　③influential； influenced
④has a great influence on/upon
8.①（should） leave　②on/upon　③the man had stolen the car； （should） be sent to the police
9.①panicked　②into　③leaving　④in panic
Part Ⅱ
　①account for　②long for　③answer for　④allow of
Part Ⅲ
　①keep yourself looking good and feeling good　②keep our teachers informed　③keeps the car in good condition
14 / 14(共132张PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Sailing the oceans①
Zheng He
　　[1]In the summer of 1405， Zheng He， one of China’s greatest
explorers， set sail from Taicang on his first voyage②. [2]A fleet③ of
over 200 ships navigated④ the blue seas， with almost 28，000 people on
board⑤， which was a splendid scene.It would take 500 years before a
larger fleet sailed the seas.[3]According to some records， the largest
ships were over 140 metres in length， demonstrating⑥ the advanced
technology and special skills used in constructing ships.
　　[1]one of China’s greatest explorers作Zheng He的同位语。
　　[2]句中with复合结构作状语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修
饰前面整个主句。
　　[3]句中动词-ing短语demonstrating ...in constructing ships作状
语，该结构中过去分词短语used in constructing ships作后置定语，修
饰the advanced technology and special skills。
【读文清障】
①sail the oceans 航海
set sail （from/for ...）
（自……）起航；开航（前往……）
②voyage n.航海，航行，航天
vi.航行，远行
on one’s first voyage 在某人的第一次航海中
③fleet n.舰队；捕鱼船队；车队
a fleet of over 200 ships
由200多艘船组成的舰队
④navigate vt.航行；导航 vi.导航
navigation n.航行；导航
⑤on board 在船上（或飞机上、火车上）
⑥demonstrate vt.证明；说明；表现
　　Between 1405 and 1433， on behalf of⑦ the Ming Dynasty， Zheng
He made a total of⑧ seven voyages. His ships were loaded⑨ with china，
silk， tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers， and the fleet paid
friendly visits to⑩ more than 30 countries and regions. He even sailed as
far as the east coast of Africa. As they sailed， the navigators took
compass readings， kept logs of their voyages and charted the
coast. Later the detailed maps became Zheng He’s Navigation Map.
　　Zheng He’s seven voyages had a far-reaching impact on China and
its neighbours. [4]In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot
， legends have been passed on about this great explorer.[5]Zheng
He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations
with these countries and regions， exposing foreign people to Chinese
culture， and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.
　　For many years， some historians dismissed the records of these
voyages as legends.[6]The final proof came when an enormous
shipyard was discovered in Nanjing， where the fleet had been
built.Zheng He’s accomplishments are now widely acknowledged ，
and he is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers.
　　[4]句中where引导定语从句，修饰先行词countries and
regions。
　　[5]两个并列的动词-ing短语exposing ...和allowing ...作结
果状语。
　　[6]句中where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词
shipyard。
⑦on behalf of 代表（或代替）；为帮助；为了
⑧a total of 总共
in total 总共，总计
⑨load vt.& vi.装上，装入 n.负载；承载量；大量
be loaded with 装满……；充满……
⑩pay visits to 拜访，访问
compass n.罗盘，指南针；圆规
log n.航海日志，正式记录；原木
vi.& vt.伐木
keep logs of 记……日志
chart vt.记录，跟踪（进展或发展）；绘制区域地图 n.图表；海
图；排行榜
have a far-reaching impact on 对……有深远的影响
set foot 踏上；踏足；踏进
legend n.传奇；传说
pass on 传递（信息）；将……传给
strengthen vt.& vi.加强，增强
harmonious adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的
strengthen harmonious relations with 增强与……友好关系
dismiss vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散
dismiss sth as ...把某事当成……不予考虑
proof n.证据，证明
prove vt.证明，证实linking v.证明是
acknowledge vt.承认（权威、地位）；承认（属实）；（公开）
感谢
acknowledge sb/sth as ...
承认某人/某物是……
influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的
　　[7]Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many
challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher
Columbus.Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451.[8]As a
teenager， he loved sailing， and he showed great interest in
geography， which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.
　　[7]本句有两个定语从句，一个是who引导的限制性定语从句，
修饰先行词Those；另一个是as引导的非限制性定语从句。
　　[8]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句。
Christopher Columbus
as is the case with 和……一样
show great interest in 对……表现出极大的兴趣
　　Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East
Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. After continuous attempts， he
received financial support from the King and Queen of Spain.[9]On 3
August 1492， he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about
90 crewmen.[10]The journey was full of challenges： it took longer than
expected， they faced a shortage of food， and one of the ships was
leaking badly， which put everyone on this ship in grave danger.The
men on board were in panic . Regardless of all the challenges，
Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge
and bravery across the ocean.
Finally， on 12 October， the crew spotted land in the distance
.[11]Columbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because
he was convinced that he was in the East Indies. However， the shores
they had reached were of the Caribbean， not the East Indies.
　　[9]with复合结构作状语，其中动词-ing短语carrying about 90
crewmen作宾语补足语。
　　[10]句中and连接三个并列分句；which引导非限制性定语从句，
修饰前面的整个主句。
　　[11]动词-ing短语living on the islands作后置定语，修饰名词
natives；that引导宾语从句。
insist vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说
insist on （doing） sth 坚持（做）某事
route n.路线，路途；途径，渠道
financial adj.财政的，金融的，财务的
depart vi.& vt.离开，起程
depart from 离开……，从……起程；背离……，违反……
shortage n.不足，短缺
a shortage of food 食物短缺
leak vi.漏，渗漏；渗入 vt.漏，渗漏；泄露 n.漏洞
grave adj.严重的，严峻的
put ...in grave danger 使陷入极大的危险之中
panic n.惊恐，恐慌 vi.& vt.（使）惊慌，（使）惊慌失措
in panic 惊慌地，慌乱中
regardless adv.不顾，不加理会
regardless of 不管，不顾
in the distance 在远处
convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
shore n.岸，滨
　　Between 1493 and 1504， Columbus found more land over the course
of his three subsequent voyages.[12]The major contribution of this
great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World. His discovery
inspired explorers such as Captain James Cook to explore and discover
more vast areas of the world.[13]His voyages opened a new chapter of the
Age of Exploration， a period which witnessed many important
geographical findings.This period also allowed for an international
exchange of ideas and cultures.
　　[12]that引导表语从句，that在此处不可以省略。
　　[13]a period 是the Age of Exploration的同位语；which引导定语
从句，修饰先行词period。
subsequent adj.随后的，后来的
captain n.船长，机长；上校；队长
allow for 使成为可能；考虑到，
把……计算在内
【参考译文】
碧海远航
郑 和
　　1405年夏，中国一位最伟大的探险家郑和从太仓起锚，开启了他
的首次远航。其船队有船200余艘，载着近两万八千人，在碧海上乘
风破浪，场面极其壮观。规模更大的航海船队要到500年后才出现。
据史料记载，郑和船队最大的船长逾140米，可知其造船技术之高
超，工艺之独特。
　　1405年到1433年期间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。他的
船满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他奇珍异宝作为馈赠异邦君王的礼品。
船队先后对30多个国家和地区进行友好访问。他最远甚至抵达了非洲
东海岸。海员们一路上记录罗盘刻度，书写航海日志，绘制海岸地
图。这些详细的地图后来集为《郑和航海图》。
　　郑和七次下西洋对中国及其邻国产生了深远影响。在郑和到访过
的国家和地区，至今流传着有关这位伟大探险家的传说。郑和的努力
有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦关系，促进中国文化
的对外传播，也增进中国对海外诸邦的了解。
　　多年来，一些历史学家把这些航海记录当作传说而不予理会。后
来，铁证出现了，在南京发现了一个巨大的造船厂，当年郑和的船便
在此处建造。郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可，他也作为中国最具影响
力的探险家之一被世人铭记。克里斯托弗·哥伦布
　　凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托
弗·哥伦布便是如此。1451年，哥伦布生于意大利一个港口城市。少年
时代他就喜爱航海，对地理表现出极大的兴趣。这些激励他开始了海
员生涯。
　　哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，开辟一条直通东印度群岛的航线。经过
不懈的尝试，他终于获得了西班牙国王和王后的资助。1492年8月3
日，他和约90名船员分乘三艘船从西班牙出发。这次航行中他们饱经
患难：航行时间超过预期，食物储备不足，还有一艘船严重漏水，船
上所有人都命悬一线。人们都陷入了恐慌。不顾所有挑战，哥伦布设
法凭借自己的知识和勇敢确保每个人都平安越过海洋。终于，10月12
日那天，有船员看到远方的陆地。哥伦布深信来到了东印度群岛，便
将生活在岛上的土著人称为印第安人。然而，他们所到达的海岸其实
属于加勒比海地区，而不是东印度群岛。
　　1493年到1504年间，哥伦布又先后三次出航，途中发现了更多陆
地。这位伟大探险家最大的贡献是“发现”新大陆。他的发现激励了
诸如詹姆斯·库克船长这样的探险家去探索和发现世界更广大的区域。
他的航海活动开启了大航海时代的新篇章，那是一个见证许多重大地
理发现的时期。这一时期也实现了思想和文化的国际交流。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. What can we learn about Zheng He’s voyages from the first two
paragraphs？（　　）
A. All the ships were over 140 metres in length.
B. Zheng He made seven voyages in the name of the Qing Dynasty.
C. Some details of the voyages were recorded.
D. It took 500 years for the fleet to sail the seas.
2. What was found in Nanjing and proved that Zheng He’s voyages were
not legends？（　　）
A. A ship over 140 meters.
B. A record of that time.
C. An ancient shipwreck.
D. An enormous shipyard.
3. Which of the following is NOT the challenge during Christopher
Columbus’s journey？（　　）
A. The bad weather during the journey.
B. The longer time of the journey.
C. One of the ships was leaking badly.
D. The shortage of food.
4. Which of the following characters helped Christopher Columbus get out
of danger？（　　）
A. Kind and determined.
B. Brave and modest.
C. Humorous and clever.
D. Knowledgeable and courageous.
5. We can conclude from the story of Christopher Columbus
that 　　　　.（　　）
A. one is never too old to learn
B. nothing is impossible to a willing heart
C. the longest journey begins with the first step
D. one minute on the stage needs ten years’ practice off stage
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）动词＋（t）ure→名词
①depart→departure 离开，起程
②press→pressure 压力；挤压；压强
③fail→failure 失败；失败的人（或事物）
④mix→mixture 混合；结合体
⑤expose→exposure 面临，遭受；揭露；报道
（2）名词＋-en→动词
①strength→strengthen 加强，增强
②fright→frighten 吓唬；使惊吓；使惊恐
③length→lengthen 变长；（使）加长；（使）伸长
④height→heighten 加高；提高
⑤threat→threaten 威胁；恐吓；危及
2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词可以是前面整个主句，此时
定语从句的位置不能放在整个句子的句首。
请在课文中找出几处which引导的非限制性定语从句的句子，背诵
并翻译。
（1）原句：


翻译：

A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas， with
almost 28，000 people on board，which was a splendid
scene.　
其船队有船200余艘，载着近两万八千人，在碧海上
乘风破浪，场面极其壮观。　
（2）原句：


翻译：

As a teenager， he loved sailing， and he showed great
interest in geography， which inspired him to begin his career as
a seaman.　
少年时代他就喜爱航海，对地理表现出极大的兴
趣。这些激励他开始了海员生涯。　
（3）原句：



翻译：


The journey was full of challenges： it took longer than
expected， they faced a shortage of food， and one of the ships
was leaking badly， which put everyone on this ship in grave
danger.　
这次航行中他们饱经患难：航行时间超过预期，
食物储备不足，还有一艘船严重漏水，船上所有人都命悬
一线。　
第四步：析难句，清阅读障碍
1. A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas， with almost 28，000
people on board， which was a splendid scene.
句式分析
自主翻译

其船队有船200余艘，载着近两万八千人，在碧海上乘风
破浪，场面极其壮观。　
2. The final proof came when an enormous shipyard was discovered in
Nanjing， where the fleet had been built.
句式分析
自主翻译

后来，铁证出现了，在南京发现了一个巨大的造船厂，
当年郑和的船便在此处建造。　
3. Columbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because he
was convinced that he was in the East Indies.
句式分析
自主翻译

哥伦布深信来到了东印度群岛，便将生活在岛上的土著
人称为印第安人。　
第五步：拓视野，育思维品质
1. What factors made the voyages of Zheng He and Columbus so
successful？ （Critical Thinking 批判性思维）






　Zheng He： advanced technology； ship-building skills；his
navigation skills；learning from others by treating them in a friendly
manner　
　Columbus：loving sailing；great interest in geography；his passion
for exploration； financial support； being brave and knowledgeable；
overcoming many challenges　
2. What have you learnt about the spirit of exploration from the articles？
（Creative Thinking 创造性思维）







　The spirit of exploration is extraordinarily strong in humans and it is
an important part of our existence.It is human nature to discover new
things and we are not afraid of hardship or danger.This kind of spirit
encourages us to try new things and push the limits of what is
possible.In our daily lives， if we were not willing to explore new
things or take risks， we might lose many chances to expand our
understanding of the world.　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
【教材原句】　“It is clear，” he said， “that there is only one way to
convince you. We must conduct an experiment.” 他说：“显然，只有
一种方法可以令你们信服。我们必须做个实验。”
【用法】
（1）convince sb of sth 　　　使某人相信某事
convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
convince sb that ... 使某人确信……
（2）convinced adj.　 　坚信的，确信的
be convinced of/that ... 确信……，相信……
（3）convincing adj.　有说服力的，使人信服的
convincingly adv.　令人信服地，有说服力地
【佳句】　I hope I can convince you to stop by and visit us in New
York.
我希望我能说服你到纽约来拜访我们。
He tried to convince me of the truth of the news but he couldn’t provide
convincing proof.Therefore， it seemed that he didn’t speak
convincingly.
他尽力使我相信这个消息的真实性，但他无法提供令人信服的证据，
所以他的说法似乎没有说服力。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①There is now a （convince） evidence that smoking
causes lung cancer.
②I’ve been trying to convince him （see） a doctor.
③We are convinced the next Olympic Games will be a better
success.
④I’m firmly convinced the significance of honesty， which will
contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
convincing　
to see　
that　
of　
【写美】　句式升级
⑤I’m convinced that you like paper-cutting， so I’d like to invite you
to visit the exhibition.
→ ， I’d like to invite you to
visit the exhibition.（动词-ed形式作状语）
Convinced that you like paper-cutting　
on behalf of 代表（或代替）；为帮助；为了
【教材原句】　Between 1405 and 1433， on behalf of the Ming
Dynasty， Zheng He made a total of seven voyages.1405年到1433年期
间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。
【用法】
（1）on one’s behalf 　　　代表某人
in behalf of sb 为帮助某人
（2）represent sb 代表某人
stand for 代表，象征
【佳句】　On behalf of everyone here I want to thank you for your help.
我代表在场的各位感谢你的帮助。
Kate gave a piano concert on behalf of a charity.
凯特为帮助一个慈善机构举办了一场钢琴演奏会。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①On behalf the Students’ Union， I’m writing to invite you to
attend a lecture next Wednesday.
②Mr King can’t be here， so his wife will accept the prize his
behalf.
【写美】　句型转换
③Representing all our team members， I am writing to invite you to join
us.
→ all our team members， I am writing to invite you to
join us.
of　
on　
On behalf of　
load vt.& vi.装上，装入 n.负载；承载量；大量
【教材原句】　His ships were loaded with china， silk， tea and other
treasures as gifts for foreign rulers ...
他的船满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他奇珍异宝作为馈赠异邦君王的礼
品……
【用法】
（1）load up　　　　　 　　装载；载满货物
load ...with ... 用……装载……；
使……负担……
be loaded with 装载着……
load ...into/onto ... 把……装入（到）……；使……负担……
（2）take a load off one’s mind
　打消某人的顾虑，卸下心头的负担
loads of＝a load of 大量的；许多的
【佳句】　I wish I could grow up as quickly as possible so that I can
lighten my parents’ load.
我希望我能尽快长大，这样我就能减轻父母的负担。
Jack loaded all the groceries into his car.
杰克把所有的食品杂货装进了他的汽车。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Youth provides us with inspiring articles， through which we can
exchange our feelings with friends， and take a load our mind.
②It will take more than two hours to load all the goods the
truck.
③Thirty-six trucks were loaded some 100 tons of dried milk and
bandages.
off　
into/onto　
with　
【写美】　完成句子
④Even though I ， I’ll
spend some free time having sports so that I can keep fit and dynamic.
即使我有很多功课要做，我也会花一些空闲时间做运动，这样我就能
保持健康和精力充沛。　（应用文写作之体育锻炼）
have loads of/a load of schoolwork to do　
strengthen vt.& vi.加强，增强
【教材原句】　Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and
strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and
regions， exposing foreign people to Chinese culture， and
allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.郑和的努
力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦关系，促进中
国文化的对外传播，也增进中国对海外诸邦的了解。
【用法】
（1）strengthen one’s belief 　　增强某人的信念
strengthen the economy 加强经济
（2）strength n. 力量，体力，力气；优势，优点；长处
strengths and weaknesses　优势和劣势，优点和缺点
have the strength to do sth 有力量/意志做某事
build up one’s strength/body 增强某人的体力
with all one’s strength 用尽全力
（3）strong adj.　强壮的；强大的；强烈的；坚决的
strongly adv.　强烈地；坚固地；强有力地
【佳句】　Repairs are necessary to strengthen the bridge.
这座桥需要加固。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He threw the boy toward the bank of the river with all his
（strong）.
②As a good teacher， you should know your students’
（strength） and weaknesses.
③One idea is that sleep helps us （strong） new
memories.
④It is （strong） recommended that the machines should be
checked every year.
strength　
strengths　
strengthen　
strongly　
【写美】　完成句子
⑤When reaching the top of the mountain， I hardly
.
当到达山顶时，我几乎连移动双脚的力气都没有了。
have the strength to
move my feet　
dismiss vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散
【教材原句】　For many years， some historians dismissed the records
of these voyages as legends.
多年来，一些历史学家把这些航海记录当作传说而不予理会。
【用法】
（1）dismiss sth from one’s mind 从思想上摒除某事
dismiss sb from ...把某人从……（职位）解雇/免职；消除，摒除
（思想、感情等）
dismiss sb for sth 因某事解雇某人
（2）dismissal n. 解雇，开除，撤职；不予考虑，不予理会；摒
弃；驳回（诉讼），不予受理
【佳句】　The suggestion should not be dismissed out of hand.这个建议
不应当直接就被摒弃。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She was dismissed her job because he did private job in the
company.
②The boss had to dismiss him from the post his violating the
company’s rules.
③His （dismiss） has no connection with the quality of his
work.
【写美】　完成句子
④ ， she climbed higher.
她消除了恐惧，爬得更高了。
from　
for　
dismissal　
Dismissing her fears　
acknowledge vt.承认（权威、地位）；承认（属实）；（公开）感
谢
【教材原句】　Zheng He’s accomplishments are now widely
acknowledged， and he is remembered as one of China’s most
influential explorers.郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可，他也作为中国最
具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。
【用法】
（1）acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做（过）某事
acknowledge ... to be/as ... 　认为……是……；承认……是……
it is generally/universally/widely acknowledged that ... 　 ……是大家
公认的；人们普遍认为……
（2）acknowledgement n.　　承认；确认；感谢；收件复函
in acknowledgement of 作为对……的认可/感谢
【佳句】　It is universally acknowledged that the film is not only
instructive but also full of passion.
＝The film is universally acknowledged to be not only instructive but also
full of passion.
大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有教育意义，而且充满激情。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He is acknowledged one of the best basketball players in the
world.
② is widely acknowledged that health is the most important to
everyone.
③Tom acknowledged
（defeat） in the English speech competition held last week in the lecture
hall， which made us quite depressed.
as　
It　
being defeated/having been defeated　
【写美】　完成句子
④ the shortest
distance between persons is a sincere smile.
人们普遍认为，人与人之间最短的距离是真诚的微笑。
⑤ ， without whom I couldn’t
have made such great progress in English.
我感谢我的英语老师，没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此巨大
的进步。
It is generally/universally/widely acknowledged that　
I acknowledge my English teacher　
influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的
【用法】
（1）be influential in （doing） sth　　　对（做）某事颇有影响
（2）influence n. 影响；作用；影响力；支配力
vt. 影响；对……起作用
under the influence of ... 在……的影响下
under one’s influence 在某人的影响下
have （an） influence on/upon ...　对……有影响
influence sb to do sth 影响某人去做某事
【佳句】　He is one of the most influential performers of modern jazz.
他是现代爵士乐最有影响力的表演者之一。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The bad weather influenced them （finish） the task in
time.
②Do you believe that we can have an important influence
anyone we meet？
③Confucius is regarded as one of the most figures in
Chinese history.He greatly the development of China’s
culture and education.（influence）
to finish　
on/upon　
influential　
influenced　
【写美】　完成句子
④Watching TV for a long time
children’s health.
长时间看电视对孩子的健康有很大的影响。
has a great influence on/upon　
insist vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说
【教材原句】　Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to
the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.
哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，开辟一条直通东印度群岛的航线。
【用法】
（1）insist on/upon （doing） sth　坚持（做）某事
（2）insist
that
【佳句】　In conclusion， so long as you insist on doing so， you will
reap a harvest.
总而言之，只要你坚持这么做，你就会有收获。
The teacher insisted that every minute should be made full use of to get
well prepared for the final exam.
老师坚决要求充分利用每一分钟为期末考试做好准备。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He also insisted that they （leave） enough space
for children.
②The man insisted finding a taxi for me even though I told
him I lived nearby.
【写美】　完成句子
③Insisting that ， the old lady insisted that
he .
老太太坚持说那名男子偷了车，坚持要把他送到警察局。
（should） leave　
on/upon　
the man had stolen the car　
（should） be sent to the police　
panic n.惊恐，恐慌 vi.& vt.（panicked， panicked） （使）惊慌，
（使）惊慌失措
【教材原句】　The men on board were in panic.船上的人们都陷入了
恐慌。
【用法】
（1）in panic 　　　　　　　惊慌地，慌乱中
get into a panic 惊慌失措
（2）panic sb into doing sth 使某人因惊慌做某事
panic over/about ... 对……惊慌
【佳句】　I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.
我感到非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。
Don’t get into a panic when you are in a dangerous situation.身处险境
时，不要陷入惊慌。
【点津】　panic的过去式、动词-ed形式和动词-ing形式都要把c变成
ck，再加-ed或-ing。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The first time I made a speech in public， I （panic）.
②There’s no point getting a panic about the exam.It’s not as
difficult as you imagine.
③The war broke out and many people were panicked into
（leave） the country.
【写美】　完成句子
④Shoppers fled the mall when the earthquake occurred.
地震发生时，购物者惊慌失措地逃离了商场。
panicked　
into　
leaving　
in panic　
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
allow for使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内
【教材原句】　This period also allowed for an international exchange of
ideas and cultures.
这一时期也实现了思想和文化的国际交流。
【用法】
allow of　　　　　容许有……的可能
account for 解释；说明；占……比例
answer for 对……负责；因……受到谴责
long for 期盼；渴望
【佳句】　You should always allow for the possibility that it might rain.
你一定要考虑到下雨的可能。
【练透】　选用上面短语完成句子
①African-Americans 12％ of the US population.
②How I a long conversation with you！
③One day， you’ll have to what you’ve done today.
④The facts one explanation.
account for　
long for　
answer for　
allow of　
Part Ⅲ　重点句型解构
句型公式：keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语
【教材原句】　Regardless of all the challenges， Columbus managed to
keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the
ocean.
不顾所有挑战，哥伦布设法凭借自己的知识和勇敢确保每个人都平安
越过海洋。
【用法】
“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构：
（1）keep＋宾语＋adj./adv.（表示状态）
（2）keep＋宾语＋动词-ing形式（宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上
的主谓关系）
（3）keep＋宾语＋动词-ed形式（宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的
动宾关系）
（4）keep＋宾语＋介词短语（表示状态）
【品悟】　Keeping things in the lab clean and organized can help
provide a safer environment.保持实验室里的物品整洁有序有助于提供
一个更安全的环境。
【写美】　完成句子
①What do you do to ？
你做什么使自己看起来气色不错并感觉舒服？
②We must of what is going on in our
class.
我们必须让我们的老师知道班里正在发生的事情。
③He always .
他一直使车保持良好状况。
keep yourself looking good and feeling good　
keep our teachers informed　
keeps the car in good condition　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. When he looks at the menu， an a look quickly appears on
his face.
2. The car salesman tried to c me to buy an expensive electric
car.
stonished　
onvince　
3. Just d those thoughts from your mind — they’re crazy and not
worth thinking about.
4. You should plan your r in advance， using main roads as far as
possible.
5. The medical professor even i on testing the medicine on
themselves to make sure that it was safe.
6. She got into a （恐慌） when she thought she’d forgotten
the tickets.
ismiss　
oute　
nsisted　
panic　
7. How you （装上） the truck impacts the safety of the
goods， yourself， and the motorists around you.
8. To her pride， her son has been （队长） of the school
basketball team already.
9. The plan for a new office building went ahead （不顾）
of local opposition.
10. We would like to remind all our guests to leave their keys at reception
before they （离开）.
load　
captain　
regardless　
depart　
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. The different parts of the picture form a （harmony）
whole.
2. The organization’s aim is to （strength） the cultural
ties between China and Europe.
3. She wanted to work for a bigger and more
（influence） newspaper.
4. The job of a wealth management professional is to teach people what
they should and should not do in their （finance） lives.
harmonious　
strengthen　
influential　
financial　
5. It is （astonish） how little Americans understand
Chinese history.
6. In the past， people in rural areas died because of
（short） of medicine.
7. There is （convince） evidence that listening to loud
music can do great harm to our hearing.
8. Guests are requested to vacate their rooms by noon on the day
of （depart）.
astonishing　
shortage　
convincing　
departure　
9. The mistakes were corrected in a （subsequently）
edition of the book.
10. In the past， （navigate） depended on a knowledge
of the positions of the stars.
subsequent　
navigation　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1. 听到我的话，戴维颤抖地转过身来，泪水从眼中溢出。（with复合
结构）
Hearing my words， David turned around trembling
.
2. 我是最佳志愿者的原因是我英语说得流利。（表语从句）
I’m the best person to be a volunteer
I speak English fluently.
with tears
spilling out of his eyes　
The reason why　
is that　
3. 昨天班主任请了一天假，因此我们的班长代他参加了会议。（on
behalf of）
Our head teacher took a day off yesterday， so our monitor attended the
meeting .
4.200公里以外的北京都感到了地震。（which引导的非限制性定
语从句）
The earthquake was felt in Beijing，
.
on behalf of him　
which is more than two hundred
kilometres away　
5. 上个月我参观了一家公司，我哥哥在那里工作。（where引导的非
限制性定语从句）
I paid a visit to a company last month，
.
6. 三天后他就去了北京。（before引导时间状语从句）
It he went to Beijing.
where my brother is/was
working　
was three days before　
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
Zheng He
　　Zheng He set sail from Taicang 1. his first voyage in
1405.During the next 28 years he made seven voyages
altogether.2. （load）with china， silk， tea and other gifts
for foreign rulers， his fleet paid friendly visits to over 30 countries and
regions.While Zheng He’s team were sailing， the navigators took
on　
Loaded　
compass readings， kept logs of their voyages 3. charted the
coast.His voyages helped China develop and strengthen relations with the
countries and regions on which he set foot.With his accomplishments
widely acknowledged， Zheng He 4. （remember）
as one of the most influential explorers in China.
and　
is remembered　
　　Christopher Columbus
　　Christopher Columbus， 5. was born in a port city of Italy
in 1451， loved sailing and geography， which inspired him to become a
sailor.Thanks to financial support from the King and Queen of Spain， he
left Spain with three ships 6. （carry） about 90 crewmen on
3 August 1492.Columbus overcame numerous 7.
（challenge） during the journey and finally reached the shores of the
Caribbean， which 8. （mistake） for those of the
East Indies.
who　
carrying　
challenges　
were mistaken　
　　From 1493 to 1504， more land was found by Columbus over the
course of his three 9. （subsequence）voyages.His
“discovery” of the New World 10. （strong） encouraged
lots of explorers to continue the exploration.
subsequent　
strongly　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Life beneath the sea surface can be lovely and lively. But many
organisms （生物体） there produce poisonous chemicals to keep away
from predators.Divers are now collecting such poisons as candidate drugs
for human medicine.
　　Sharks aren’t the scariest things in the ocean for scientists who dive
to work. Powerful currents， created where the ocean floor drops away，
can be just as deadly. But the scientists who work underwater train to deal
with these dangers. The rewards of research and underwater adventure are
greater than the risks.
　　The sea may seem like a strange place to look for new drugs. But
organisms in the ocean have had to adapt to a tough environment. The
chemicals they make for survival might help people， too. More than 50
years ago， scientists discovered a new anti-cancer drug in a sea sponge.
Since then， researchers have been hunting the seas for more of such
useful natural products.
　　With the help of underwater robots and small submarines， scientists
are searching the seas — from shallow reefs to the oceans’ great depths.
　　Microbes living in the Arctic’s cold waters break down their food
using more different ways than organisms on land do. This process of
turning food into energy for growth， activities and reproduction is called
metabolism （新陈代谢）. These pathways also produce chemicals called
“secondary metabolites”. One day they might also help people.
　　During a four-year project called PharmaSeas， scientists made
thousands of extracts from those seafloor samples. In about a dozen of
them， researchers found mixtures that can kill bacteria that some of
today’s antibiotics cannot. Yet another mixture may reduce the symptoms
of Alzheimer’s disease.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。海底的生命是可爱且充满活力的，
但是许多海洋生物都会产生有毒的化学物质来抵御捕食者。海洋生
物所产生的有毒化学物质对人类很有用，科学家们现在正在寻找其
中可以用于治疗人类疾病的化学物质。
本文是一篇说明文。海底的生命是可爱且充满活力的，
但是许多海洋生物都会产生有毒的化学物质来抵御捕食者。海洋生
物所产生的有毒化学物质对人类很有用，科学家们现在正在寻找其
中可以用于治疗人类疾病的化学物质。
1. Why do some sea organisms produce poisonous chemicals？（　　）
A. To struggle for existence.
B. To benefit other creatures.
C. To change their environment.
D. To hide themselves in the sea.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段中的But many organisms （生
物体） there produce poisonous chemicals to keep away from
predators.可知，许多海洋生物会产生有毒的化学物质来抵御捕食
者，也就是说，海洋生物产生有毒的化学物质是为了生存。
2. What may threaten scientists’ lives when they work underwater
according to the text？（　　）
A. The darkness in the deep ocean.
B. Dangerous animals and currents.
C. Poisonous chemicals in the water.
D. The ocean floors dropping away quickly.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，对于需要潜
水工作的科学家来说，鲨鱼并不是海洋中最可怕的东西，因海底落
差产生的强大洋流也同样是致命的。由此可知，当科学家在水下工
作时，危险的动物和洋流会威胁他们的生命。
3. What is special about the mixtures from seafloor samples？（　　）
A. They have the same effects as today’s medicine.
B. They can treat many diseases.
C. They have unique functions.
D. They can kill all bacteria.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，科学家们在
来自海底的样本里发现了混合物，它们可以杀死现在的一些抗生素
不能杀死的细菌。有一种混合物还能减轻阿尔茨海默病的症状。由
此可推知，这些来自海底样本的混合物有特殊的功能。
4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage？（　　）
A. Living Resources in the Ocean
B. Dangers of Diving in the Sea
C. Future Sources of Medicines
D. Diving for New Medicines
解析：　标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段最后一句可
知，本文主要讲述了科学家们潜到海里收集各种海洋生物产生的化
学物质，用于制作人类药物。因此D项（潜水寻找新药）适合作文
章标题。
B
　　A team of scientists plans to explore a little-known part of the
ocean.The scientists will enter what they call the “Midnight Zone” of
the Indian Ocean.It is an area at a depth of about 1，000 meters below the
surface where light does not reach.The project is expected to begin on 16
March and to last about five weeks.The scientists aim to explore huge
underwater mountains also known as seamounts.
　　The scientists involved in the project are part of Nekton， an ocean
research group that works with the University of Oxford in Britain.They
are working with the Seychelles’ and Maldives’ governments in an
effort to protect ocean areas.
　　Oliver Steeds is the director of the Nekton effort.He told the
Associated Press that the area his team will explore is home to many forms
of life.“What we do know is that beneath 1，000 meters， there’s no
light down there， but a lot of animals ...are shining，” he said.
　　The Nekton scientists will be using one of the most modern deep sea
submarines （潜水艇） in the world.It is named Limiting Factor.
　　Last August， the Limiting Factor completed another project： to
dive to the deepest point in each of the world’s five oceans.That effort
was called the Five Deeps Expedition.The deepest of these dives took the
submarine to nearly 11，000 meters below sea level.
　　Robert McCallum is the leader of the expedition.He said vehicles that
can dive deep into the ocean are rare.
　　The scientists will use sensors and mapping technology to identify
new species and landforms deep beneath the sea.But， they also want to
observe the effects humans have on the deep sea environment.They will be
trying to measure the presence of plastic pollution and possible effects of
climate change.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一些科学家将潜入印度洋1000米的
深处，探索人类活动对海洋的影响。
本文是一篇说明文。一些科学家将潜入印度洋1000米的
深处，探索人类活动对海洋的影响。
5. What is the purpose of Nekton？（　　）
A. To protect the sea.
B. To explore seamounts.
C. To discover new species.
D. To research ocean animals.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，Nekton是一个海洋研究
小组，其根本目的是保护海洋。
6. What is special about the “Midnight Zone”？（　　）
A. It’s complete dark.
B. There are some lights.
C. It’s 11，000 meters deep.
D. There are no plants or animals.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，虽然海底1 000米深处自
然光无法到达，但是一些海洋动物自身会发光。
7. What do we learn about the Limiting Factor？（　　）
A. It will be used for the first time.
B. It met with some failure last year.
C. It can take people travel around the world.
D. It can reach as deep as nearly 11，000 meters.
解析：　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，这种潜水艇可以潜
入到海底接近11000米的深处。
8. What do the scientists want to know through the research？（　　）
A. How new species live in the ocean.
B. How human activities affect the sea.
C. What makes life possible under the sea.
D. What effects the ocean has on Earth.
解析：　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，科学家的主要目的是
发现新的海洋生物，同时了解人类活动（塑料污染及气候变化）对
海洋环境的影响。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Beginning with Chinese efforts to explore and connect with Central
Asia， the Silk Road consisted of massive small routes and was named
after the silk cloth the Chinese produced.9.（　　） Through these
routes， Chinese silk， porcelain （瓷器）， lacquer work （漆器） and
ironware were shipped to the West， while pepper， flax， spices， grape
and pomegranate entered China.
　　10. （　　） They promoted flow of knowledge as well.Arab
astronomy， calendar and medicine found their way to China， while
China’s four great inventions and silkworm breeding spread to other parts
of the world.11.（　　） For example， Buddhism originated in India，
blossomed in China and was enriched in Southeast Asia.Confucianism，
which was born in China， gained appreciation by European thinkers such
as Leibniz and Voltaire.Herein lies the appeal of mutual learning.
　　The ancient Silk Road witnessed the busy scenes of visits and trade
over land and ships calling at ports.Along these major routes， capital，
technology and people flowed freely.12.（　　） The ancient prosperous
cities and ports developed， so did the Roman Empire as well as Parthia
and Kushan Kingdoms.The Han and Tang Dynasties of China entered the
golden age.The ancient Silk Road brought prosperity to these regions and
contributed to their development.
　　Some regions along the ancient Silk Road used to be a land of milk
and honey.Yet today， these places are often associated with conflict，
crisis and challenge.13.（　　） Now， the Belt and Road Initiative
intends to build an open platform of cooperation and a broad community of
shared interests.It will not only achieve economic growth and balanced
development， but also connect different civilizations.Mutual
understanding， mutual respect， and mutual trust among different
countries will be boosted.
A. More importantly， ideas were also exchanged.
B. The ancient silk routes were not only for trade.
C. Goods， resources and benefits were widely shared.
D. Such state of affairs should not be allowed to continue.
E. However， silk was just one of many goods traded on these routes.
F. Large empires provided stability and protection for the trade routes.
G. The Silk Road was never an actual road， or even a single massive
trade route.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丝绸之路的发展历史和
意义。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丝绸之路的发展历史和
意义。
9. E　根据上文可知，丝绸之路是由中国生产的丝绸命名的；根据空
后一句可知，通过这些路线，中国的丝绸、瓷器、漆器和铁器被运往
西方，而辣椒、亚麻、香料、葡萄和石榴进入中国。故E项（然而，
丝绸只是在这些路线上被交易的许多商品之一）承上启下，符合语
境。silk是词汇复现。
10. B　根据空后一句可知，丝绸之路也促进了知识交流，下文提到
中国与西方的科技发明与思想文化也有了互相交流的机会。故B项
（古代丝绸之路不仅是为了贸易）符合语境，空后的They指代B项中
的The ancient silk routes。
11. A　根据空后列举的Buddhism和Confucianism可知，丝绸之路也有
助于文化和思想的交流。故A项（更重要的是，还交流了观点）引出
下文，符合语境。
12. C　空前提到丝绸之路见证了沿途各港口贸易繁忙的景象，丝绸
之路沿途的主要干线上，资本、技术和人口可以自由流动；空后提到
这些古代的繁华城市和港口都得以发展。故C项（商品、资源和利益
被广泛分享）符合语境。
13. D　空前一句说明“然而今天，这些地方往往与冲突、危机和挑
战联系在一起”。故D项（这种状况不应被容许继续下去）符合语
境，D项中的Such state of affairs指代空前一句中陈述的状况。
谢谢观看！

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