资源简介

Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Journey Back in Time with Scholars
Classical Provence （13 days）
　　Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence， France， with Prof.Ori Z.Soltes.We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world.Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin.Fields of flowers， tile-roofed （瓦屋顶） villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain （15 days）
　　Spain has lovely white towns and the scent （芳香） of oranges， but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks， Romans and Arabs.As we travel south from Madrid with Prof.Ronald Messier to historic Toledo， Roman Mérida and into Andalucia， we explore historical monuments and architecture.
China’s Sacred Landscapes （21 days）
　　Discover the China of “past ages”， its walled cities， temples and mountain scenery with Prof.Robert Thorp.Highlights include China’s most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou’s rolling hills， waterways and peaceful temples.We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
Tunisia （17 days）
　　Join Prof.Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour.Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga， the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia，Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata， unique for underground cities.Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.
1.What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain？（　　）
A.Historical monuments.　B.Fields of flowers.
C.Van Gogh’s paintings. D.Greek buildings.
2.Which country is Prof.Thorp most knowledgeable about？（　　）
A.France. B.Spain.
C.China. D.Tunisia.
3.Which of the following highlights the Tunisian tour？（　　）
A.White towns.
B.Underground cities.
C.Tile-roofed villages.
D.Rolling hills.
B
　　Invented in the Tang Dynasty and widely adopted after the Song Dynasty in Fujian， the watertight-bulkhead （水密舱壁） technology permits the construction of ocean-going ships with watertight compartments （隔层）.If one or two cabins are accidentally damaged at sea， water will not flood the other cabins and the ships will remain afloat.
　　The experience and working methods of watertight-bulkhead technology are transmitted orally from masters to apprentices.However， the need for Chinese junks （中国式帆船） has decreased sharply as wooden ships have been replaced by steel-hulled ships， and today only three masters can claim full command of this technology.Associated building costs have also increased owing to a shortage in raw materials.Therefore， the inheritance （继承） of this heritage is decreasing， and inheritors are forced to seek alternative employment.
　　Zhang Guohui， a 77-year-old inheritor of the watertight-bulkhead techniques used to make Chinese junks， has been making ships for more than six ing from a poor family in a fishing town in East China’s Fujian Province， Zhang started to make a living at the age of 16 fishing on the open seas， which is where he developed a keen interest in constructing boats.As a fast learner， Zhang was later sent to shipyards in the cities of Quanzhou and Xiamen in Fujian Province， where he received training and became a master of traditional Chinese junks and gained fame because of his extremely skilled craftsmanship in the construction of these junks.
　　In fear that the traditional skills would die someday， Zhang started to restore old ships and make model junks for the museum with his 20 years of shipbuilding skills.“The restored ancient ships are the historical witnesses of Quanzhou as a maritime center of the East and Southeast Asia trade network，” said Zhang， adding that he finds the work meaningful since younger generations can learn from exhibitions of ancient ships that their ancestors had advanced shipbuilding technology at an early stage of development.“As long as I’m alive， I’ll keep passing on the heritage，” he said.
4.What function is expected of the watertight-bulkhead technology？（　　）
A.To prevent ships from sinking.
B.To reduce the weight of ships.
C.To allow ships to sail faster.
D.To help ships resist strong winds.
5.What is the purpose of Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.To prove the significance of steel-hulled ships.
B.To stress the complex process of building wooden ships.
C.To present people’s efforts to pass down cultural heritages.
D.To show difficulties of inheriting watertight-bulkhead technology.
6.What can we learn about Zhang Guohui from Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.He supports his family by fishing.
B.He was born with a talent for shipbuilding.
C.He has devoted himself to constructing boats.
D.He has won many awards for restoring ancient ships.
7.What does Zhang Guohui convey in his words？（　　）
A.Traditional culture should be innovated with the times.
B.The ancient ship trade originated from Quanzhou in China.
C.It is necessary for modern students to learn shipbuilding skills.
D.It is worth passing on traditional skills from generation to generation.
C
　　Born in 1902， Harry Beck was an English engineering draftsman （制图员） who brought about a small revolution in the early 1930s when he created a completely new map of the London Underground.
　　Before Beck’s design， early maps were usually drawn to a geographically accurate scale （比例）.Map designers simply placed the subway lines on standard maps of the city streets.These maps clearly showed the subway lines that reached the areas outside the centre of London， but they made it difficult to make out the busy lines that joined directly under central London.
　　In the 1930s， Beck came up with a solution that would not take the geographical accuracy into account.He created a map that was a scaled-down linear diagram of the subway lines.More a basic outline of the lines than a true-to-life map， it didn’t tell travelers about how far it actually was between two points.Beck’s map had a clean structure with coloured lines.His idea was to create the plainest guide to show travelers how to get from one station to another.
　　It’s not clear what inspired him to start the project； he wasn’t asked to do it， but likely developed his design in his free time， while between jobs.It was more a presentation of his being creative， in seeing a problem and coming up with an answer to it， than a response to public demand.
　　His design was then presented to the London Passenger Transport Board， whose members refused to accept it， feeling that not showing relative distances between stations was silly and unreasonable.Still， after a time， in order to increase subway ridership and therefore earn more money， the Board decided to print a limited number of copies.Gradually， Beck’s map became a huge success.
　　For most of his life， Beck continued to make small improvements to the diagram， but he kept its basic designs and ideas.His clear diagrammatic method of mapping has been generally accepted and followed in the field of information design not only in London but also around the world.
8.What was the disadvantage of early subway maps？（　　）
A.They were not to scale.
B.They were hard to draw.
C.They were not user-friendly.
D.They were seldom updated.
9.Which aspect of a subway map did Beck focus on？（　　）
A.Its simplicity.
B.Its vivid details.
C.Its completeness.
D.Its geographical accuracy.
10.What do we know about Beck’s map from Paragraphs 4 and 5？（　　）
A.It was created accidentally.
B.It was an immediate success.
C.It was a reflection of his creativity.
D.It was designed to meet public need.
11.How did Beck contribute to the world？（　　）
A.He changed the construction of subways.
B.He inspired designers to improve the subway.
C.He made the first scaled-down linear map.
D.He provided a model for the design of subway maps.
D
　　More and more， while we are in schools and doing mediation （调解） with students， we find out that the conflict is more widespread than just them.It may involve other siblings （兄弟姐妹） and sometimes parents， guardians， aunts and uncles.This means that while we can do a lot of work with the students themselves， the root of the conflict we are trying to address is much deeper and needs to include more people in the conversations.
　　A few weeks ago， two of CCR’s （Center for Conflict Resolution’s） restorative justice coordinators （协调者） had a case that involved four students and their five guardians.During the beginning parts of the mediation， some of the adults in the room started to become heated and defensive of their child.A confrontation （对抗） occurred between a grandmother and one of the moms.CCR mediators separated the two parties and allowed them each to calm down.Then， CCR staff invited everyone in the room to pause and refocus on the task at hand.As a group， they reviewed the guidelines and actually added some that addressed why the adults were feeling so defensive.
　　Then， something incredible happened： The grandmother and the mom who were upset with each other earlier apologized to each other.They each said they had no issue with each other after hearing the other’s perspective.They hugged and agreed to communicate in a more positive way.
　　After the students witnessed this， they asked to have some space.They left the room together and as the adults watched from the window， they hugged each other and apologized.Once they came back into the room， the students made a plan for how to communicate in the future using the example of their guardians.At the end of the mediation， a student said， “It was easier to apologize when I saw it done.”
　　The power of role models is far beyond what we know.By modeling how to be angry effectively， we can change how our youth respond when they are angry too.
12.What is needed to deal with conflicts in schools according to the author？（　　）
A.More coordinators.
B.Broader conversations.
C.A simpler mediation process.
D.More communication with the students involved.
13.How did the grandmother and the mom feel at the beginning of the mediation？（　　）
A.Surprised. B.Doubtful.
C.Regretful. D.Annoyed.
14.What did the students do after leaving the room？（　　）
A.They made a secret plan.
B.They said sorry to each other.
C.They cleared a space for play.
D.They communicated with their guardians.
15.What would be the best title for this text？（　　）
A.The Nature of Conflicts
B.The Power of Role Models
C.The Correct Ways to Apologize
D.The Challenges of Family Relationships
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Ever wonder who came up with the idea of a metal staircase on high-rises to escape fires？ What about the hybrid （杂交成的） fruit known as tangelo （橘柚） — what’s that all about？ And the LEGO blocks that have fascinated children for decades — where did they come from？ 16.（　　）
　　Anna Connelly
　　In an effort to prevent the deaths of many living in multistory buildings in case of fire， Connelly designed a steel staircase that could be attached to the outside of a building.17.（　　） Fire escapes changed the way buildings were constructed in the early 1900s as cities increasingly included the escapes in their building codes.
　　Gregor Mendel
　　Mendel was a 19th-century botanist who discovered the key to plant heredity （遗传过程）.His experiments with pea plants established the basic rules needed to create a hybrid.18.（　　） Tangelos （tangerine and pomelo or grapefruit） is a delicious example of a hybrid.
　　Margaret Knight
　　19.（　　） Yet she became one of the most productive problem solvers in the US Reportedly， teenager Knight created a device that would stop machines if objects were caught in them.Years later， she invented the first machine to make flat-bottomed bags — the kind we still use today.During her lifetime， Knight earned dozens of patents in different fields.
　　Ole Kirk Christiansen
　　Christiansen， a Danish carpenter （木匠）， owned a small woodworking shop that made and sold wooden furniture items — and toys.20.（　　） So Christiansen decided to make more.He renamed the company LEGO after the Danish words leg and godt， meaning “play well”.The LEGO company is still run by the Christiansen family.
A.People could climb down， and firefighters could go up.
B.She went on to promote the education of women in science.
C.His small painted wood bricks were his most popular products.
D.Here are some people whose inventions have changed our history.
E.This female inventor had little schooling and never traveled far from home.
F.The cross between two or more parent plants creates a new variety with desired features.
G.Her intelligent views on community planning changed the way Americans thought about cities.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　以史为鉴知兴替，以史正人明得失。你班下周英语课将围绕“学习历史的重要性”这一话题展开讨论。请你准备一份发言稿，发表你的观点。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个有历史遗迹的地方——普罗旺斯、西班牙南部、中国和突尼斯，在这些地方游客可以与学者们一起穿梭时间，游历古建筑。
1.A　细节理解题。根据Classical Provence （13 days）部分中的第二句和Southern Spain （15 days）部分最后一句中的we explore historical monuments and architecture 可知，游客们在这两个地方都能观赏到历史遗迹。
2.C　细节理解题。根据China’s Sacred Landscapes （21 days）部分中的第一句可知，相比其他国家，索普教授对中国最为了解。
3.B　细节理解题。根据Tunisia （17 days）部分中的Tour highlights include ...unique for underground cities.可知，地下城市使得突尼斯之旅尤为精彩。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发明于唐代，普及于宋代的水密舱壁技术以及致力于该项技术的推广与传承的张国辉老人。
4.A　细节理解题。根据第一段尾句可知，水密舱壁技术可以让船只在部分受损的情况下，仍可以保持漂浮不下沉。
5.D　目的意图题。根据第二段内容可知，本段意在讲述当今时代传承这项技术的困难：需求减少、原料短缺、成本上涨等。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，张国辉老人致力于造船事业。
7.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的he finds the work meaningful since younger generations can learn from exhibitions of ancient ships可推知，老人说这些话表明他认为代代传承传统技艺是有意义的，是值得的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。为了解决早期伦敦地铁线路图中存在的问题，Harry Beck绘制了更为实用的地铁线路图，并对设计领域产生深远影响。
8.C　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，早期的地铁线路图是直接在标准的街道地图上标注的，因此繁华地区的线路不够醒目，使用起来很不方便。
9.A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Beck注重的是地铁线路图的简明性，想要给出最直观的指示。
10.C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，Beck设计的地铁线路图是他在发现并解决问题方面的创造力的展现，而不是对公众需求的响应。
11.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，Beck简明的绘图方式被世界各地的信息设计领域广泛接受和沿用。由此可推断，Beck为地铁线路图的设计提供了一个范例。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。成年人应该以身作则，通过自己的行动向年轻人示范正确的冲突解决方式。
12.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的the root of the conflict we are trying to address is much deeper and needs to include more people in the conversations 可知，学校在调解过程中发现冲突通常不仅仅涉及学生本人，还可能涉及其他家庭成员。因此，需要拓展对话范围以深入解决冲突根源。
13.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的During the beginning parts of the mediation， some of the adults in the room started to become heated and defensive ...a grandmother and one of the moms.可知，在调解初期，房间里的一些成年人情绪激动，都在为自己的孩子辩解。一场冲突在一位祖母和一位妈妈之间发生了。由此可推知，那位祖母和那位妈妈当时都很生气。
14.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的They left the room together and as the adults watched from the window， they hugged each other and apologized.可知，孩子们走出房间后，模仿着大人们的样子，相拥在一起并向彼此道歉。
15.B　标题归纳题。根据最后一段并结合文中的案例可知，本文意在传达：成年人的言行举止会对青少年产生重要的影响。成年人应该以身作则，通过示范告诉年轻人如何正确解决冲突，从而在潜移默化中改变他们的行为方式。因此B项为本文的最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几位改变人类历史的发明家。
16.D　上文通过三个排比问句引出话题，引导读者对几项生活中常见事物的发明者产生好奇；下面几段分别介绍了几位改变人类历史的发明家，故D项符合语境。
17.A　设空处前一句指出：为了防止多层建筑中的居民在火灾中丧生，Anna Connelly设计了一种可以与建筑物外部相连的钢楼梯。设空处后一句介绍了这种防火梯为城市建筑带来的影响。A项符合语境。A项中的climb down和go up与设空处前一句中的staircase相呼应，firefighters与上下文中的fire相呼应。
18.F　上文介绍了Gregor Mendel发现了植物遗传的关键。他的豌豆实验确定了实现品种杂交所需的基本规则。下文指出美味的橘柚便是一个杂交品种。F项符合语境。F项中的plants与上文中的plant以及plants构成原词复现。
19.E　设空处后一句指出：然而，她成为美国最多产的问题解决者之一。下文接着介绍了这位女发明家的几项发明。E项符合语境，与设空处后一句构成转折关系。
20.C　设空处前一句说明了Ole Kirk Christiansen这位丹麦木匠曾经营一家小型木工店，制作和销售木制家具和玩具。设空处后一句指出：因此，Christiansen决定制作更多。C项符合语境，与设空处后一句构成因果关系。
Ⅲ.
　　History isn’t about merely memorizing dates， names， and places.It is a mirror through which we can understand the rise and fall of civilizations and learn from the gains and losses of historical figures.
　　Studying history helps us navigate through the complexities of the present by examining how the past has shaped our culture， society， and the world at large.Moreover， history is packed with incredible， real-life stories.The lessons we learn from these stories can guide our personal growth.
　　In essence， history empowers us to craft a brighter future through the wisdom it passes on.
5 / 5Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
写一篇文章，发表对通俗史书的观点
　　本单元的写作任务是写一篇文章，发表对通俗史书的观点。此类文章属于观点类议论文。议论文是通过剖析事物来论述事理、发表意见或提出主张的一种文体，要求作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非来确定某一观点的正确或错误，肯定或否定某种观点或主张。观点类的议论文是就某问题或某件事通过摆事实、讲道理的方式发表自己的看法。
　　写此类文章时，要做到要点完整、条理清晰、层次分明，以使文章有条理。在写作时，常使用一般现在时。具体写作结构为：
一、写作常用词汇
1.historian n.　　　　　历史学家
2.fantastic adj. 好极了；了不起的；难以置信的；怪诞的；富于想象的
3.describe vt. 描述
4.figure n. 人物
5.popular history books 通俗史书
6.academic history books 学术史书
7.general/ordinary readers　一般读者
8.become increasingly popular 变得越来越受欢迎
9.an enjoyable and interesting experience　一次愉快而有趣的经历
10.less-known writers 鲜为人知的作家
11.be close to ordinary people 贴近普通人
12.historical events 历史事件
13.in simple terms 简单来说
14.the public 公众
15.well worth reading 值得一读
二、写作常用句（注意加黑部分的表达）
1.开头常用句
①Nowadays more and more popular history books are widely read in everyday life.
如今，越来越多的通俗史书在日常生活中被广泛阅读。
②In recent years， popular history books are gaining growing popularity among the public.
近年来，通俗史书在公众中越来越受欢迎。
③Nowadays，there is a trend that more and more people choose to read popular history books.
如今，有一种趋势，越来越多的人选择阅读通俗史书。
2.主体常用句
①This type of history book presents historical information in an easy-to-understand way.
这种类型的历史书以一种容易读懂的方式呈现历史信息。
②It also provides a knowledge base for those who want to study history but need to walk before they can run.
它还为那些想学习历史但需要循序渐进的人提供了知识基础。
③The authors adopt a natural， chatty style of writing that opens up the subject matter to the ordinary reader.
作者采用了一种自然、健谈的写作风格，向普通读者开放了主题。
④Also， they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly， thus engaging the reader’s interest.
此外，他们经常用故事和有趣的比较来生动地描述历史人物或事件，从而吸引读者的兴趣。
3.结尾常用句
①In a word， I think reading popular history books is certainly a fantastic way to introduce people to the basics of history.
总之，我认为，阅读通俗史书无疑是向人们介绍历史基本知识的绝佳方式。
②In conclusion， this type of history book is highly readable and true to life， which is well worth reading.
总之，这类历史书可读性强，符合现实生活，非常值得一读。
　　假定你是李华，请你以I Prefer to Read Popular History Books为话题写一篇短文，向学校英文报投稿，内容包括：
　　1.介绍通俗史书的兴起这一现象，并说明看法；
　　2.阐述自己支持通俗史书的原因并举例论证观点；
　　3.做出强有力的总结。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：审题谋篇，合理布局
第二步：遣词造句，规范得体
◎核心词汇
1.流行，受欢迎　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.书架 　　　　　　　
3.赞同；支持；主张 　　　　　　　
4.非正式的 　　　　　　　
5.描述历史人物或事件 　　　　　　　
6.生动地 　　　　　　　
7.打下坚实的基础 　　　　　　　
8.基本规律 　　　　　　　
9.精通，擅长 　　　　　　　
10.学术的 　　　　　　　
◎遣词造句
1.现在，有一种趋势。（存现句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.通俗史书在人们的书架上很受欢迎。（介词短语）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.就我而言，我主张读通俗史书。（非谓语动词）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.作者采用一种自然的、非正式的写作风格。（一般现在时）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.这让读者更容易理解。（it作形式宾语）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6.他们经常用故事和有趣的比较生动地描述历史人物或事件，从而极大地吸引了读者的兴趣。（非限制性定语从句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
7.它们也可以为那些想要学习历史的人打下坚实的基础。（限制性定语从句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
8.如果你想掌握好历史，你需要借助于学术性历史书籍。（条件状语从句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第三步：词句升级，彰显文采
1.用同位语从句合并句1和句2
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.用which引导的非限制性定语从句合并句4和句5
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.用动词-ing形式作结果状语改写句6
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：检查誊写，连句成篇
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【即时演练】
　　学校图书馆需要购置一批新书，现向学生征求意见。假定你是李华，你认为学校图书馆最需要购置科普类图书（popular science books）和历史类图书（history books）。请你用英语给图书馆王老师写一封邮件，推荐这两类书，并分别说明推荐理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80 左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Mr Wang，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
comparison n.对比；比较
【教材原句】　Also， they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly， thus engaging the reader’s interest.
此外，他们经常用故事和有趣的比较来生动地描述历史人物或事件，从而引起读者的兴趣。
【用法】
（1）make a comparison with与……作比较 by comparison　　　相比之下，相较而言 in comparison with 与……相比较 （2）compare vt. 比较；匹敌；比喻；相比 n. 比较 compare ... with ... 把……和……相比较 compare ... to ... 把……比作…… compared to/with ... 和……相比（通常作状语） beyond/without compare 无与伦比，举世无双
【佳句】　Through comparison， you will get a better understanding of traditional Chinese values and beliefs.通过对比，你会更好地了解中国传统的价值观和信念。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①　　　　　　 comparison， the government’s investment in public education increased by 10％ last year.
②It seemed a small challenge 　　　　（compare） to the one I was about to face， but things started to go wrong right from the beginning.
③Living in the country is cheaper， in 　　　　　　（compare） with living in the big cities.
【写美】　同义句转换
④In comparison with your room， my room is much smaller.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， my room is much smaller.
contrary adj.相反的，相对立的；截然不同的 n.相反的事实（或事情、情况）
【教材原句】　Contrary to popular history books， most academic books tend to adopt a more analytical and serious approach to studying history.
与通俗史书相反，大多数学术著作往往采用更具分析性、更严肃的方式研究历史。
【用法】
（1）（be） contrary to 　　　　与……相反 （2）on the contrary 正相反，恰恰相反 to the contrary 相反的；相对立的
【佳句】　Contrary to what many people thought， the graduate came here not to seek fame or money but the true value of life.
与许多人的想法相反，这个毕业生来这里不是为了追求名利，而是追求人生的真正价值。
Tom’s failure didn’t discourage him.On the contrary， it inspired him to make more efforts.
汤姆的失败没有使他气馁。相反，这激励他更加努力。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Losing the job did not mean losing everything.　　　　　　 the contrary， it gave me a chance to look into myself.
②Contrary 　　　　　　the weather forecast， we had a fine day that day.
③I will continue to believe it until I get proof 　　　　　　the contrary.
【写美】　完成句子
④The company’s actions should not 　　　　　　　　the public interest.
公司的行为不应与公众利益相悖。
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
【典例体验·提素能】
第二步
核心词汇
1.popularity　2.shelf　3.in favour of
4.informal　5.describe historical figures or events　6.vividly
7.lay the solid foundation　8.basics
9.have a good command of　10.academic
遣词造句
1.Nowadays， there is a trend.
2.Popular history books enjoy great popularity on people’s shelves.
3.As for/to me， I am in favour of reading popular history books.
4.The authors adopt a natural， informal style of writing.
5.This makes it easier for the readers to understand.
6.They often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly， which greatly attracts the readers’ interest.
7.They can also lay the solid foundation for those who want to study history.
8.If you want to have a good command of history， you need to turn to academic history books.
第三步
1.Nowadays， there is a trend that popular history books enjoy great popularity on people’s shelves.
2.The authors adopt a natural， informal style of writing， which makes it easier for the readers to understand.
3.They often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly， greatly attracting the readers’ interest.
第四步
　　Nowadays， there is a trend that popular history books enjoy great popularity on people’s shelves.As for/to me， I am in favour of reading popular history books.The reasons are as follows.
　　First of all， the authors adopt a natural， informal style of writing， which makes it easier for the readers to understand.In addition， they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly， greatly attracting the readers’ interest.Furthermore， they can also lay the solid foundation for those who want to study history.
　　To conclude， reading popular history books is an excellent way for people to learn the basics of history.But if you want to have a good command of history， you need to turn to academic history books.
即时演练
Dear Mr Wang，
　　As far as I know， our school library plans to buy some books.What I’m writing for is to suggest buying popular science books and history books.
　　Not only do popular science books offer us students basic knowledge about science， but they are also helpful to deal with daily problems in a scientific way.Apart from popular science books， history books are also beneficial in many aspects.For instance， they can open our eyes to the past as well as arouse our thoughts about life.Besides， the more history books we read， the more we will cherish our hard-won happiness.
　　I would appreciate it if you could adopt my advice.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【核心知识·巧突破】
1.①By　②compared　③comparison
④Compared with your room
2.①On　②to　③to　④be contrary to
6 / 6(共89张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
写一篇文章，发表对通俗史书的观点
1
写作指导·增底蕴
目 录
2
典例体验·提素能
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
写作指导·增底蕴
储备写作素材
1
　　本单元的写作任务是写一篇文章，发表对通俗史书的观点。
此类文章属于观点类议论文。议论文是通过剖析事物来论述事
理、发表意见或提出主张的一种文体，要求作者通过摆事实、讲
道理、辨是非来确定某一观点的正确或错误，肯定或否定某种观
点或主张。观点类的议论文是就某问题或某件事通过摆事实、讲
道理的方式发表自己的看法。
　　写此类文章时，要做到要点完整、条理清晰、层次分明，以使文
章有条理。在写作时，常使用一般现在时。具体写作结构为：
一、写作常用词汇
1. historian n.　　　　　　历史学家
2. fantastic adj. 好极了；了不起的；难以置信的；怪诞的；
富于想象的
3. describe vt. 描述
4. figure n. 人物
5. popular history books 通俗史书
6. academic history books 学术史书
7. general/ordinary readers 一般读者
8. become increasingly popular 变得越来越受欢迎
9. an enjoyable and interesting experience 一次愉快而有趣的经历
10. less-known writers 鲜为人知的作家
11. be close to ordinary people 贴近普通人
12. historical events 历史事件
13. in simple terms 简单来说
14. the public 公众
15. well worth reading 值得一读
二、写作常用句（注意加蓝部分的表达）
1. 开头常用句
①Nowadays more and more popular history books are widely read
in everyday life.
如今，越来越多的通俗史书在日常生活中被广泛阅读。
②In recent years， popular history books are gaining growing
popularity among the public.
近年来，通俗史书在公众中越来越受欢迎。
③Nowadays，there is a trend that more and more people choose to
read popular history books.
如今，有一种趋势，越来越多的人选择阅读通俗史书。
2. 主体常用句
①This type of history book presents historical information in an
easy-to-understand way.
这种类型的历史书以一种容易读懂的方式呈现历史信息。
②It also provides a knowledge base for those who want to study
history but need to walk before they can run.
它还为那些想学习历史但需要循序渐进的人提供了知识基础。
③The authors adopt a natural， chatty style of writing that opens up
the subject matter to the ordinary reader.
作者采用了一种自然、健谈的写作风格，向普通读者开放了主题。
④Also， they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe
historical figures or events vividly， thus engaging the reader’s
interest.
此外，他们经常用故事和有趣的比较来生动地描述历史人物或事
件，从而吸引读者的兴趣。
3. 结尾常用句
①In a word， I think reading popular history books is certainly a
fantastic way to introduce people to the basics of history.
总之，我认为，阅读通俗史书无疑是向人们介绍历史基本知识的绝
佳方式。
②In conclusion， this type of history book is highly readable and true
to life， which is well worth reading.
总之，这类历史书可读性强，符合现实生活，非常值得一读。
典例体验·提素能
点拨写作技法
2
　　假定你是李华，请你以I Prefer to Read Popular History Books为话
题写一篇短文，向学校英文报投稿，内容包括：
　　1. 介绍通俗史书的兴起这一现象，并说明看法；
　　2. 阐述自己支持通俗史书的原因并举例论证观点；
　　3. 做出强有力的总结。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：审题谋篇，合理布局
第二步：遣词造句，规范得体
◎核心词汇
1. 流行，受欢迎
2. 书架
3. 赞同；支持；主张
4. 非正式的
5. 描述历史人物或事件

popularity　
shelf　
in favour of　
informal　
describe historical figures　
or events　
6. 生动地
7. 打下坚实的基础
8. 基本规律
9. 精通，擅长
10. 学术的
vividly　
lay the solid foundation　
basics　
have a good command of　
academic　
◎遣词造句
1. 现在，有一种趋势。（存现句）

2. 通俗史书在人们的书架上很受欢迎。（介词短语）

3. 就我而言，我主张读通俗史书。（非谓语动词）

4. 作者采用一种自然的、非正式的写作风格。（一般现在时）

Nowadays， there is a trend.　
Popular history books enjoy great popularity on people’s shelves.　
As for/to me， I am in favour of reading popular history books.　
The authors adopt a natural， informal style of writing.　
5. 这让读者更容易理解。（it作形式宾语）

6. 他们经常用故事和有趣的比较生动地描述历史人物或事件，从而极
大地吸引了读者的兴趣。（非限制性定语从句）



This makes it easier for the readers to understand.　
　They often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe
historical figures or events vividly， which greatly attracts the
readers’ interest.　
7. 它们也可以为那些想要学习历史的人打下坚实的基础。（限制性定
语从句）


8. 如果你想掌握好历史，你需要借助于学术性历史书籍。（条件状语
从句）


　They can also lay the solid foundation for those who want to study
history.　
　If you want to have a good command of history， you need to turn to
academic history books.　
第三步：词句升级，彰显文采
1. 用同位语从句合并句1和句2


2. 用which引导的非限制性定语从句合并句4和句5


　Nowadays， there is a trend that popular history books enjoy great
popularity on people’s shelves.　
　The authors adopt a natural， informal style of writing， which
makes it easier for the readers to understand.　
3. 用动词-ing形式作结果状语改写句6



　They often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe
historical figures or events vividly， greatly attracting the readers’
interest.　
第四步：检查誊写，连句成篇
　　


　　 　Nowadays， there is a trend that popular history books enjoy great
popularity on people’s shelves.As for/to me， I am in favour of reading
popular history books.The reasons are as follows.　






　　


　First of all， the authors adopt a natural， informal style of writing，
which makes it easier for the readers to understand.In addition， they
often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures
or events vividly， greatly attracting the readers’ interest.Furthermore，
they can also lay the solid foundation for those who want to study
history.　
　　 　To conclude， reading popular history books is an excellent way
for people to learn the basics of history.But if you want to have a good
command of history， you need to turn to academic history books.　
【即时演练】
　　学校图书馆需要购置一批新书，现向学生征求意见。假定你是李
华，你认为学校图书馆最需要购置科普类图书（popular science
books）和历史类图书（history books）。请你用英语给图书馆王老师
写一封邮件，推荐这两类书，并分别说明推荐理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Mr Wang，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Mr Wang，
　　As far as I know， our school library plans to buy some
books.What I’m writing for is to suggest buying popular science
books and history books.
　　Not only do popular science books offer us students basic
knowledge about science， but they are also helpful to deal with daily
problems in a scientific way.Apart from popular science books，
history books are also beneficial in many aspects.For instance， they
can open our eyes to the past as well as arouse our thoughts about
life.Besides， the more history books we read， the more we will
cherish our hard-won happiness.
　　I would appreciate it if you could adopt my advice.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
comparison n.对比；比较
【教材原句】　Also， they often use stories and interesting
comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly， thus
engaging the reader’s interest.
此外，他们经常用故事和有趣的比较来生动地描述历史人物或事件，
从而引起读者的兴趣。
【用法】
（1）make a comparison with与……作比较
by comparison 相比之下，相较而言
in comparison with 与……相比较
（2）compare vt. 比较；匹敌；比喻；相比
n. 比较
compare ... with ... 把……和……相比较
compare ... to ... 把……比作……
compared to/with ... 　和……相比（通常作状语）
beyond/without compare　无与伦比，举世无双
【佳句】　Through comparison， you will get a better understanding of
traditional Chinese values and beliefs.
通过对比，你会更好地了解中国传统的价值观和信念。
【练透】　单句语法填空
① comparison， the government’s investment in public
education increased by 10％ last year.
②It seemed a small challenge （compare） to the one I
was about to face， but things started to go wrong right from the
beginning.
③Living in the country is cheaper， in （compare）
with living in the big cities.
By　
compared　
comparison　
【写美】　同义句转换
④In comparison with your room， my room is much smaller.
→ ， my room is much smaller.
Compared with your room　
contrary adj.相反的，相对立的；截然不同的 n.相反的事实（或事
情、情况）
【教材原句】　Contrary to popular history books， most academic
books tend to adopt a more analytical and serious approach to studying
history.
与通俗史书相反，大多数学术著作往往采用更具分析性、更严肃的方
式研究历史。
【用法】
（1）（be） contrary to 　　　　与……相反
（2）on the contrary 正相反，恰恰相反
to the contrary 相反的；相对立的
【佳句】　Contrary to what many people thought， the graduate came
here not to seek fame or money but the true value of life.
与许多人的想法相反，这个毕业生来这里不是为了追求名利，而是追
求人生的真正价值。
Tom’s failure didn’t discourage him.On the contrary， it inspired him
to make more efforts.
汤姆的失败没有使他气馁。相反，这激励他更加努力。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Losing the job did not mean losing everything. the contrary， it
gave me a chance to look into myself.
②Contrary the weather forecast， we had a fine day that day.
③I will continue to believe it until I get proof the contrary.
【写美】　完成句子
④The company’s actions should not the public
interest.
公司的行为不应与公众利益相悖。
On　
to　
to　
be contrary to　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Journey Back in Time with Scholars
Classical Provence （13 days）
　　Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence， France，
with Prof.Ori Z. Soltes.We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman
monuments in the world.Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the
footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin.Fields of flowers， tile-roofed （瓦屋
顶） villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain （15 days）
　　Spain has lovely white towns and the scent （芳香） of oranges，
but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the
Greeks， Romans and Arabs.As we travel south from Madrid with
Prof.Ronald Messier to historic Toledo， Roman Mérida and into
Andalucia， we explore historical monuments and architecture.
China’s Sacred Landscapes （21 days）
　　Discover the China of “past ages”， its walled cities， temples and
mountain scenery with Prof.Robert Thorp.Highlights include China’s
most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou’s rolling hills，
waterways and peaceful temples.We will wander in traditional small towns
and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
Tunisia （17 days）
　　Join Prof.Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour.Tour highlights
include the Roman city of Dougga， the underground Numidian capital at
Bulla Regia，Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and
Matmata， unique for underground cities.Our journey takes us to
picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个有历史遗迹的
地方——普罗旺斯、西班牙南部、中国和突尼斯，在这些地方游客
可以与学者们一起穿梭时间，游历古建筑。
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个有历史遗迹的
地方——普罗旺斯、西班牙南部、中国和突尼斯，在这些地方游客
可以与学者们一起穿梭时间，游历古建筑。
1. What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain？
（　　）
A. Historical monuments. B. Fields of flowers.
C. Van Gogh’s paintings. D. Greek buildings.
解析：　细节理解题。根据Classical Provence （13 days）部分中
的第二句和Southern Spain （15 days）部分最后一句中的we
explore historical monuments and architecture 可知，游客们在这两个
地方都能观赏到历史遗迹。
2. Which country is Prof.Thorp most knowledgeable about？（　　）
A. France. B. Spain.
C. China. D. Tunisia.
解析：　细节理解题。根据China’s Sacred Landscapes （21
days）部分中的第一句可知，相比其他国家，索普教授对中国最为
了解。
3. Which of the following highlights the Tunisian tour？（　　）
A. White towns. B. Underground cities.
C. Tile-roofed villages. D. Rolling hills.
解析：　细节理解题。根据Tunisia （17 days）部分中的Tour
highlights include ...unique for underground cities.可知，地下城市
使得突尼斯之旅尤为精彩。
B
　　Invented in the Tang Dynasty and widely adopted after the Song
Dynasty in Fujian， the watertight-bulkhead （水密舱壁） technology
permits the construction of ocean-going ships with watertight
compartments （隔层）.If one or two cabins are accidentally damaged at
sea， water will not flood the other cabins and the ships will remain afloat.
　　The experience and working methods of watertight-bulkhead
technology are transmitted orally from masters to apprentices.However，
the need for Chinese junks （中国式帆船） has decreased sharply as
wooden ships have been replaced by steel-hulled ships， and today only
three masters can claim full command of this technology.Associated
building costs have also increased owing to a shortage in raw
materials.Therefore， the inheritance （继承） of this heritage is
decreasing， and inheritors are forced to seek alternative employment.
　　Zhang Guohui， a 77-year-old inheritor of the watertight-bulkhead
techniques used to make Chinese junks， has been making ships for more
than six ing from a poor family in a fishing town in East
China’s Fujian Province， Zhang started to make a living at the age of 16
fishing on the open seas， which is where he developed a keen interest in
constructing boats.As a fast learner， Zhang was later sent to shipyards in
the cities of Quanzhou and Xiamen in Fujian Province， where he received
training and became a master of traditional Chinese junks and gained fame
because of his extremely skilled craftsmanship in the construction of these
junks.
　　In fear that the traditional skills would die someday， Zhang started to
restore old ships and make model junks for the museum with his 20 years
of shipbuilding skills.“The restored ancient ships are the historical
witnesses of Quanzhou as a maritime center of the East and Southeast Asia
trade network，” said Zhang， adding that he finds the work meaningful
since younger generations can learn from exhibitions of ancient ships that
their ancestors had advanced shipbuilding technology at an early stage of
development.“As long as I’m alive， I’ll keep passing on the
heritage，” he said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发明于唐代，普及于宋
代的水密舱壁技术以及致力于该项技术的推广与传承的张国辉老
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发明于唐代，普及于宋
代的水密舱壁技术以及致力于该项技术的推广与传承的张国辉老人。
4. What function is expected of the watertight-bulkhead technology？
（　　）
A. To prevent ships from sinking.
B. To reduce the weight of ships.
C. To allow ships to sail faster.
D. To help ships resist strong winds.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段尾句可知，水密舱壁技术可以
让船只在部分受损的情况下，仍可以保持漂浮不下沉。
5. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2？（　　）
A. To prove the significance of steel-hulled ships.
B. To stress the complex process of building wooden ships.
C. To present people’s efforts to pass down cultural heritages.
D. To show difficulties of inheriting watertight-bulkhead technology.
解析：　目的意图题。根据第二段内容可知，本段意在讲述当今
时代传承这项技术的困难：需求减少、原料短缺、成本上涨等。
6. What can we learn about Zhang Guohui from Paragraph 3？（　　）
A. He supports his family by fishing.
B. He was born with a talent for shipbuilding.
C. He has devoted himself to constructing boats.
D. He has won many awards for restoring ancient ships.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，张国辉老人致力
于造船事业。
7. What does Zhang Guohui convey in his words？（　　）
A. Traditional culture should be innovated with the times.
B. The ancient ship trade originated from Quanzhou in China.
C. It is necessary for modern students to learn shipbuilding skills.
D. It is worth passing on traditional skills from generation to generation.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的he finds the work
meaningful since younger generations can learn from exhibitions of
ancient ships可推知，老人说这些话表明他认为代代传承传统技艺
是有意义的，是值得的。
C
　　Born in 1902， Harry Beck was an English engineering draftsman
（制图员） who brought about a small revolution in the early 1930s when
he created a completely new map of the London Underground.
　　Before Beck’s design， early maps were usually drawn to a
geographically accurate scale （比例）.Map designers simply placed the
subway lines on standard maps of the city streets.These maps clearly
showed the subway lines that reached the areas outside the centre of
London， but they made it difficult to make out the busy lines that joined
directly under central London.
　　In the 1930s， Beck came up with a solution that would not take the
geographical accuracy into account.He created a map that was a scaled-
down linear diagram of the subway lines.More a basic outline of the lines
than a true-to-life map， it didn’t tell travelers about how far it actually
was between two points.Beck’s map had a clean structure with coloured
lines.His idea was to create the plainest guide to show travelers how to get
from one station to another.
　　It’s not clear what inspired him to start the project； he wasn’t
asked to do it， but likely developed his design in his free time， while
between jobs.It was more a presentation of his being creative， in seeing a
problem and coming up with an answer to it， than a response to public
demand.
　　His design was then presented to the London Passenger Transport
Board， whose members refused to accept it， feeling that not showing
relative distances between stations was silly and unreasonable.Still， after
a time， in order to increase subway ridership and therefore earn more
money， the Board decided to print a limited number of
copies.Gradually， Beck’s map became a huge success.
　　For most of his life， Beck continued to make small improvements to
the diagram， but he kept its basic designs and ideas.His clear
diagrammatic method of mapping has been generally accepted and
followed in the field of information design not only in London but also
around the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。为了解决早期伦敦地铁线路图中存
在的问题，Harry Beck绘制了更为实用的地铁线路图，并对设计领域
产生深远影响。
本文是一篇说明文。为了解决早期伦敦地铁线路图中存
在的问题，Harry Beck绘制了更为实用的地铁线路图，并对设计领域
产生深远影响。
8. What was the disadvantage of early subway maps？（　　）
A. They were not to scale.
B. They were hard to draw.
C. They were not user-friendly.
D. They were seldom updated.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，早期的地铁线路图
是直接在标准的街道地图上标注的，因此繁华地区的线路不够醒
目，使用起来很不方便。
9. Which aspect of a subway map did Beck focus on？（　　）
A. Its simplicity.
B. Its vivid details.
C. Its completeness.
D. Its geographical accuracy.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Beck注重的是
地铁线路图的简明性，想要给出最直观的指示。
10. What do we know about Beck’s map from Paragraphs 4 and 5？
（　　）
A. It was created accidentally.
B. It was an immediate success.
C. It was a reflection of his creativity.
D. It was designed to meet public need.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，Beck设计的
地铁线路图是他在发现并解决问题方面的创造力的展现，而不是
对公众需求的响应。
11. How did Beck contribute to the world？（　　）
A. He changed the construction of subways.
B. He inspired designers to improve the subway.
C. He made the first scaled-down linear map.
D. He provided a model for the design of subway maps.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，Beck简明的
绘图方式被世界各地的信息设计领域广泛接受和沿用。由此可推
断，Beck为地铁线路图的设计提供了一个范例。
D
　　More and more， while we are in schools and doing mediation （调
解） with students， we find out that the conflict is more widespread than
just them.It may involve other siblings （兄弟姐妹） and sometimes
parents， guardians， aunts and uncles.This means that while we can do a
lot of work with the students themselves， the root of the conflict we are
trying to address is much deeper and needs to include more people in the
conversations.
　　A few weeks ago， two of CCR’s （Center for Conflict
Resolution’s） restorative justice coordinators （协调者） had a case
that involved four students and their five guardians.During the beginning
parts of the mediation， some of the adults in the room started to become
heated and defensive of their child.A confrontation （对抗） occurred
between a grandmother and one of the moms.CCR mediators separated the
two parties and allowed them each to calm down.Then， CCR staff
invited everyone in the room to pause and refocus on the task at hand.As a
group， they reviewed the guidelines and actually added some that
addressed why the adults were feeling so defensive.
　　Then， something incredible happened： The grandmother and the
mom who were upset with each other earlier apologized to each
other.They each said they had no issue with each other after hearing the
other’s perspective.They hugged and agreed to communicate in a more
positive way.
　　After the students witnessed this， they asked to have some
space.They left the room together and as the adults watched from the
window， they hugged each other and apologized.Once they came back
into the room， the students made a plan for how to communicate in the
future using the example of their guardians.At the end of the mediation，
a student said， “It was easier to apologize when I saw it done.”
　　The power of role models is far beyond what we know.By modeling
how to be angry effectively， we can change how our youth respond when
they are angry too.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。成年人应该以身作则，通过自
己的行动向年轻人示范正确的冲突解决方式。
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。成年人应该以身作则，通过自
己的行动向年轻人示范正确的冲突解决方式。
12. What is needed to deal with conflicts in schools according to the
author？（　　）
A. More coordinators.
B. Broader conversations.
C. A simpler mediation process.
D. More communication with the students involved.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段中的the root of the conflict we
are trying to address is much deeper and needs to include more people
in the conversations 可知，学校在调解过程中发现冲突通常不仅仅
涉及学生本人，还可能涉及其他家庭成员。因此，需要拓展对话
范围以深入解决冲突根源。
13. How did the grandmother and the mom feel at the beginning of the
mediation？（　　）
A. Surprised. B. Doubtful.
C. Regretful. D. Annoyed.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第二段中的During the beginning parts
of the mediation， some of the adults in the room started to become
heated and defensive ...a grandmother and one of the moms.可知，
在调解初期，房间里的一些成年人情绪激动，都在为自己的孩子
辩解。一场冲突在一位祖母和一位妈妈之间发生了。由此可推
知，那位祖母和那位妈妈当时都很生气。
14. What did the students do after leaving the room？（　　）
A. They made a secret plan.
B. They said sorry to each other.
C. They cleared a space for play.
D. They communicated with their guardians.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的They left the room
together and as the adults watched from the window， they hugged
each other and apologized.可知，孩子们走出房间后，模仿着大人
们的样子，相拥在一起并向彼此道歉。
15. What would be the best title for this text？（　　）
A. The Nature of Conflicts
B. The Power of Role Models
C. The Correct Ways to Apologize
D. The Challenges of Family Relationships
解析： 　标题归纳题。根据最后一段并结合文中的案例可知，
本文意在传达：成年人的言行举止会对青少年产生重要的影响。
成年人应该以身作则，通过示范告诉年轻人如何正确解决冲突，
从而在潜移默化中改变他们的行为方式。因此B项为本文的最佳
标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Ever wonder who came up with the idea of a metal staircase on high-
rises to escape fires？ What about the hybrid （杂交成的） fruit known as
tangelo （橘柚） — what’s that all about？ And the LEGO blocks that
have fascinated children for decades — where did they come from？ 16.
（　　）
　　Anna Connelly
　　In an effort to prevent the deaths of many living in multistory
buildings in case of fire， Connelly designed a steel staircase that could be
attached to the outside of a building.17.（　　） Fire escapes changed
the way buildings were constructed in the early 1900s as cities increasingly
included the escapes in their building codes.
　　Gregor Mendel
　　Mendel was a 19th-century botanist who discovered the key to plant
heredity （遗传过程）.His experiments with pea plants established the
basic rules needed to create a hybrid.18.（　　） Tangelos （tangerine
and pomelo or grapefruit） is a delicious example of a hybrid.
　　Margaret Knight
　　19. （　　） Yet she became one of the most productive problem
solvers in the US Reportedly， teenager Knight created a device that
would stop machines if objects were caught in them.Years later， she
invented the first machine to make flat-bottomed bags — the kind we still
use today.During her lifetime， Knight earned dozens of patents in
different fields.
　　Ole Kirk Christiansen
　　Christiansen， a Danish carpenter （木匠）， owned a small
woodworking shop that made and sold wooden furniture items — and
toys.20.（　　） So Christiansen decided to make more.He renamed the
company LEGO after the Danish words leg and godt， meaning “play
well”.The LEGO company is still run by the Christiansen family.
A. People could climb down， and firefighters could go up.
B. She went on to promote the education of women in science.
C. His small painted wood bricks were his most popular products.
D. Here are some people whose inventions have changed our history.
E. This female inventor had little schooling and never traveled far from
home.
F. The cross between two or more parent plants creates a new variety with
desired features.
G. Her intelligent views on community planning changed the way
Americans thought about cities.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几位改变人类历史的发
明家。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几位改变人类历史的发
明家。
16. D　上文通过三个排比问句引出话题，引导读者对几项生活中常
见事物的发明者产生好奇；下面几段分别介绍了几位改变人类历史的
发明家，故D项符合语境。
17. A　设空处前一句指出：为了防止多层建筑中的居民在火灾中丧
生，Anna Connelly设计了一种可以与建筑物外部相连的钢楼梯。设空
处后一句介绍了这种防火梯为城市建筑带来的影响。A项符合语境。
A项中的climb down和go up与设空处前一句中的staircase相呼应，
firefighters与上下文中的fire相呼应。
18. F　上文介绍了Gregor Mendel发现了植物遗传的关键。他的豌豆
实验确定了实现品种杂交所需的基本规则。下文指出美味的橘柚便是
一个杂交品种。F项符合语境。F项中的plants与上文中的plant以及
plants构成原词复现。
19. E　设空处后一句指出：然而，她成为美国最多产的问题解决者之
一。下文接着介绍了这位女发明家的几项发明。E项符合语境，与设
空处后一句构成转折关系。
20. C　设空处前一句说明了Ole Kirk Christiansen这位丹麦木匠曾经营
一家小型木工店，制作和销售木制家具和玩具。设空处后一句指出：
因此，Christiansen决定制作更多。C项符合语境，与设空处后一句构
成因果关系。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　以史为鉴知兴替，以史正人明得失。你班下周英语课将围绕“学
习历史的重要性”这一话题展开讨论。请你准备一份发言稿，发表你
的观点。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　History isn’t about merely memorizing dates， names， and
places.It is a mirror through which we can understand the rise and fall of
civilizations and learn from the gains and losses of historical figures.
　　Studying history helps us navigate through the complexities of the
present by examining how the past has shaped our culture， society， and
the world at large.Moreover， history is packed with incredible， real-life
stories.The lessons we learn from these stories can guide our personal
growth.
　　In essence， history empowers us to craft a brighter future through the
wisdom it passes on.
参考范文：
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