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Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
维度一：基础题型练
使用名词性从句改写句子。
1.Along with the letter was his promise.He would visit me this coming Christmas.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（同位语从句）
2.Many students are addicted to computer games.It has become a hot issue.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（主语从句）
3.Will ways be found to stop pollution？This is the question worrying the public.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（表语从句）
4.He will leave home to make his fortune in big cities.But he hasn’t decided the time.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（宾语从句）
维度二：语法与写作
用名词性从句完成下列句子。
1.All the participants can get 　　　　　　　　.
所有的参与者都可以得到他们想要的东西。
2.To practice as much as possible is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
尽可能多练习是秘诀所在。
3.To start with， 　　　　　　　　　　　　we are about to start our next lesson next Friday.
首先，我想强调的是下周五我们将开始我们的下节课。
4.The possibility 　　　　　　　　　　　　has recently been suggested by new research.
近来新的研究表明，怡人的气味可能会减轻疼痛。
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用适当的连接词填空。
　　It was reported 1.　　　　　　 there was an accident at the corner of Roman Street this morning.According to 2.　　　　　　 the police said， a car ran into a truck but fortunately， nobody got injured.3.　　　　　　 will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The police were uncertain 4.　　　　　　 the driver was guilty or not.5.　　　　　　 the police should do now is 6.　　　　　　 they must find out what led to the accident.They said it was difficult for them to judge because 7.　　　　　　 the accident happened is not clear.Perhaps the reason was 8.　　　　　　 the driver was too tired to stop the car in time.The driver didn’t admit the fact 9.　　　　　　 he was breaking the speed limit at the turning.The police doubted 10.　　　　　　 what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Born in New York in 1918， scientist Gertrude B.Elion had an impressive career， during which she developed medicines to treat many major diseases.Elion spent her early youth in Manhattan.She attended senior high school and had， in her words， an unbelievable thirst for knowledge.
　　Motivated by the death of her grandfather， who died of cancer， Elion entered Hunter College at the age of 15 and graduated in chemistry at the age of 19.She had difficulty finding employment after graduation because many laboratories refused to hire women chemists.She found a part-time job as a lab assistant and went back to school at New York University.Elion worked as a high school teacher for a few years after finishing work on her master’s degree.
　　The start of World War Ⅱ created more opportunities for women.At the age of 26， Elion was able to get a job at Burroughs Wellcome & Company， where she began a 40-year partnership with Dr George H.Hitchings.Her thirst for knowledge impressed Dr Hitchings， and he permitted her to take on more responsibility.
　　Elion and Hitchings set out on a course of creating medicines by studying the chemical composition of diseased cells.Rather than relying on old trial-and-error methods， they used the differences in biochemistry between normal human cells and pathogens （病原体） to design medicines.In all， Elion obtained 45 patents on medicine and was awarded 23 honorary degrees.
　　In 1988， Elion received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine， together with George H.Hitchings and Sir James W.Black.She received other awards for her work， including the National Medal of Science in 1991， and that same year， she became the first woman to be inducted （使正式加入） into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.In 1997， she was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award.
1.What can we say about Elion as a high school student？（　　）
A.She had a satisfying part-time job.
B.She had a strong desire for learning.
C.She had a gift for chemistry at high school.
D.She made great achievements in chemistry.
2.Why did Elion choose to study chemistry at college？（　　）
A.To meet her grandfather’s wish.
B.To find a good job after graduation.
C.To create medicines to treat diseases.
D.To be a chemistry teacher in the future.
3.When did Elion start working for Burroughs Wellcome & Company？（　　）
A.In 1933. B.In 1937.
C.In 1944. D.In 1984.
4.What does the author mainly tell us about Elion in the last paragraph？（　　）
A.Her later life.
B.Her honours.
C.Her interest in chemistry.
D.Her significant contributions.
B
　　Born on her family’s farm in Ray， North Dakota， Mary Sherman Morgan had been helping her father with farm work before she could attend the small town’s schoolhouse.Being a few years behind didn’t hold her back and she graduated from high school with honours.Aware of her intelligence， she ran away from Ray to attend Minot State University as a chemistry major， where her skill was evident.
　　The outbreak of World War Ⅱ resulted in a national shortage of chemists and scientists.In spite of the fact that she was still a student and a woman， she was offered a job as a chemical analyst due to her talents， producing explosives （爆炸物） for the wartime effort.She put her degree on hold and moved to Ohio， taking on the dangerous job of analyzing unstable chemicals to produce weapons.
　　After the war ended there was a fall in demand for explosives， so she made a move to the field of aeronautics， moving to California to work for NAA （North American Aviation）.The only woman out of 900 engineers， she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants （推进剂） and designing speciality fuels to work with different engines.However， never having returned to complete her degree， she was not afforded the rank or higher pay of an engineer， even though she had all the skills and knowledge of one.
　　Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked with finding a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space， Morgan was appointed the technical leader on the project.National pride was on the line， so Morgan set about investigating fuels.After countless trials， she finally designed her own mixture， which was named Hydyne.
　　Hydyne was tested well with the Redstone missiles and subsequently other aircraft （航空器）， such as Jupiter-C rockets， proving to be a quick solution to getting to space without a total rocket redesign.The fuel made the first successful US satellite launch possible， even if Morgan silently slipped away from her success， retiring to focus on her family and leaving her chemistry career behind.
5.What do we know about Mary Sherman Morgan？（　　）
A.She attended school while helping with farm work.
B.She was offered a job as a chemistry analyst after graduation.
C.She shifted her working focus as the domestic demand changed.
D.She launched the first US satellite before retiring from her career.
6.What does the underlined word “aeronautics” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　）
A.Analyzing chemicals.
B.Producing explosives.
C.Mixing and saving fuels.
D.Designing and building aircraft.
7.What made Morgan the technical leader on the project of NAA？（　　）
A.Her discovery of Hydyne.
B.Her rank as an engineer.
C.Her special knowledge in fuels.
D.Her sense of national pride.
8.Which of the following words can best describe Mary Sherman Morgan？（　　）
A.Caring and determined.
B.Courageous and creative.
C.Intelligent but sensitive.
D.Accomplished but proud.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　The future is a land full of unknowns， especially with new technological developments and new job requirements that the future holds.So how can students prepare themselves for such a future？ 9.（　　）
　　Allow students to lead their learning.
　　Many teachers have a “my way or no way” attitude， which negatively impacts a student’s growth as a person and future team member within a company or organization. 10.（　　） They can help shape the class and even the syllabus （教学大纲）.Opening up to students， listening to their needs early on， and holding meaningful conversations together can create better future employees.
　　11.（　　）
　　Creating situations that encourage students’ curiosity is an essential practice for the brain.While curiosity can’t be taught， schools can bring it out of students in particular contexts.Extra-curricular activities can help students， for example， break out of everyday academic monotony （单调）.In this way， certain curious parts of the brain may be activated.
　　Encourage collaboration （合作）.
　　12.（　　） When different people are encouraged to get together and collaborate， unique ideas can become part of something bigger.Group projects push students to develop decision-making while also building a social setting where work can be done more effectively as part of a collaborative effort.
　　Help students develop effective communication skills.
　　Effective communication， either in oral or written forms， will be vital in the future workplace.The ability to fully exchange ideas can lead to better working relationships.13.（　　） Good communication is the key to opening a whole new universe of possibilities.
A.Make students curious.
B.Every person is unique in their own way.
C.Create an environment where creativity is valued.
D.Sometimes the solution can be simple： let students lead.
E.Learning how to fail can teach some critical and invaluable lessons.
F.Here are several ways schools can help prepare students for future jobs.
G.Therefore， teaching students to communicate effectively is simply a must.
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Volunteering has been a way of life for me for the past five years since I was fifteen.
　　In 2020， I 　14　 with a newly founded social enterprise， which conducted cooking lessons for visually impaired （受损的） trainee 　15　.I absolutely loved it as it involved meaningful 　16　 with people and I was fully 　17　 throughout the entire time I was there.This was unlike some other types of volunteering， which may involve mostly behind-the-scenes work that can get 　18　 after a while.
　　We called ourselves “sighted assistants” and each of us was 　19　 with a visually impaired trainee chef.As a volunteer， I would walk with the trainee to the Enabling Village 　20　， and then ensure their 　21　 as they learned to cook a new dish.This included helping them 　22　 the position of the sink， ensuring proper use of electrical appliances， 　23　 boiling and hot objects， as well as being careful with knives among other things.
　　Being there with them made me truly 　24　 how difficult life can be when you are 　25　 or completely blind.Every tiny task 　26　 massive effort.There are so many people with 　27　， I realised.While medicine still does not have the power to cure all of these conditions， we are never short of ways to empower these individuals by making life 　28　 and more meaningful for them.
14.（　）A.met B.cooperated
C.started D.volunteered
15.（　）A.managers B.volunteers
C.chefs D.doctors
16.（　）A.interaction B.appointment
C.greeting D.conflict
17.（　）A.confused B.engaged
C.surprised D.disturbed
18.（　）A.promising B.frightening
C.challenging D.boring
19.（　）A.faced B.compared
C.paired D.equipped
20.（　）A.lesson B.enterprise
C.room D.kitchen
21.（　）A.satisfaction B.safety
C.pleasure D.success
22.（　）A.leave out B.miss out
C.figure out D.point out
23.（　）A.avoiding B.touching
C.approaching D.feeling
24.（　）A.appreciate B.imagine
C.predict D.think
25.（　）A.temporarily B.partly
C.accidentally D.originally
26.（　）A.simplifies B.causes
C.takes D.offers
27.（　）A.disabilities B.difficulties
C.determination D.power
28.（　）A.luckier B.tougher
C.happier D.easier
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　For centuries， the measure of 29.　　　　　　 （perfect） in English craftsmanship fell to （成为……的义务） the country’s artisans.England’s reputation for excellence was built on their transformation of high quality materials into 30.　　　　　　 （fine） made goods ranging from clothing and furniture to pottery and metalwork.
　　This detailed method of production was the status quo for generations， but a major shift appeared： The Industrial Revolution.The shift towards mass production was 31.　　　　　 turning point in history， but alongside the rise of factory work came the Arts and Crafts movement.It 32.　　　　　　 （lead） by artisans like English designer William Morris who fought 33.　　　　 （maintain） the legacy of handmade goods.
Over a century after the Arts and Crafts movement provided a buffer （缓冲） against the domination of factories， a new wave of English craftspeople have taken up the job of 34.　　　　　 （produce） objects that bring that spirit of craftsmanship into the modern age.For example， in East London， Perrin & Rowe demonstrates the quality of 35.　　　　　　 （tradition） English craftsmanship combined with contemporary techniques.The brand’s brass fixtures （黄铜用品） are made in a factory where the processes are based 36.　　　　　 techniques that involve nearly a century of expertise， such as the molten （熔化的） brass 37.　　　　　 is still poured by hand into individual molds.By channeling the spirit of English craftsmanship through their products， 38.　　　　　 （brand） of this kind are driving a larger movement focused on handcrafted quality.
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas.
2.That many students are addicted to computer games has become a hot issue./It has become a hot issue that many students are addicted to computer games.
3.The question worrying the public is whether ways will be found to stop pollution.
4.He hasn’t decided when he will leave home to make his fortune in big cities.
维度二
1.what they want
2.where the secret lies
3.what I intend to stress is that
4.that pleasant smells might reduce pain
维度三
1.that　2.what　3.Who　4.whether　5.What　6.that
7.how　8.that　9.that　10.whether
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了格特鲁德·B.埃利恩的求学经历和其令人印象深刻的职业生涯，以及她最终取得的成就。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的an unbelievable thirst for knowledge可知，作为一名高中生，埃利恩有强烈的求知欲。
2.C　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句并结合下文她与希钦斯博士一起研究患病细胞的化学成分来制造药物可以推断，埃利恩选择在大学里学习化学的原因是：要创造药物去治疗疾病。
3.C　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，Elion 26岁时在Burroughs Wellcome & Company工作；根据文章首句可知，他出生于1918年。由此可以推断，埃利恩在1944年开始为该公司工作。
4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者主要讲述了埃利恩所获得的荣誉。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了玛丽·谢尔曼·摩根的生平及其她为航空事业作出的巨大贡献。
5.C　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，在二战时，玛丽·谢尔曼·摩根从事武器的化学分析工作；根据第三段第一句可知，在战后，由于对武器需求的减少，她转而为北美航空公司工作。据此可知，由于国内需求的变化，她转移了工作重心。
6.D　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的moving to California to work for NAA （North American Aviation） 可知，玛丽搬到了加利福尼亚州为北美航空公司工作；结合画线词的前缀aero可知，她转向的是航空领域。因此画线词意为“设计和制造飞机”。
7.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Her experience with ...leader on the project.可知，由于她在推进剂研究方面有着丰富的经验，摩根被任命为项目技术领导者。
8.B　推理判断题。根据第二段尾句可知，玛丽·谢尔曼·摩根暂时搁置了学位课程，到俄亥俄州从事危险的不稳定化学物质分析工作，据此可以推知，她很勇敢；根据第四段尾句可知，她进行了无数次试验，终于成功发明Hydyne，据此可以推知，她具有创造力。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学校帮助学生为未来做好准备的几种方式。
9.F　上文指出：面对充满未知的未来，学生该如何做好应对准备呢？下文介绍了学校可以通过四种方式帮助学生为未来做好准备，故F项符合语境。
10.D　空前一句指出：许多老师都持有一种态度：“只能听我的”，这种态度会给学生带来负面影响。空后一句说明了他们可以对班级甚至教学大纲产生重大影响。故D项（有时解决办法很简单：让学生占据主导地位）符合语境。设空处前一句中的negatively impacts与D项中的solution相呼应，设空处后一句中的They指代D项中的students。
11.A　下文主要说明了学校可以根据特定情境来激发学生的好奇心。例如，课外活动可以帮助学生打破日常单调的学习生活。故A项符合语境，A项中的curious与下文中出现两次的curiosity以及出现一次的curious构成原词复现。
12.B　空后一句指出：当不同的人被聚在一起展开合作时，多种独特的想法就能变成更大的成就。故B项（每个人都有自己的独特之处）符合语境，B项中的unique与设空处后一句中的unique构成原词复现。
13.G　上文说明了在未来的工作场所中，有效沟通是至关重要的。充分沟通想法的能力会产生更好的工作关系。故G项（因此，教会学生进行有效沟通是必需的）符合语境，与上文构成因果关系，G项中的communicate effectively与上文中的Effective communication相呼应。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者作为志愿者帮助有视觉障碍的见习厨师烹饪的经历，这段经历使作者领悟到一些道理。
14.D　根据第一段可知，在2020年，作者自愿加入了一家新成立的社会企业。
15.C　根据下文中的a visually impaired trainee chef可知，该企业为有视觉障碍的见习厨师提供烹饪课程。
16.A　根据空后的with people可知，此处表示和人们之间的互动。
17.B　根据语境可知，作者全程应是忙着的。
18.D　根据常识可知，幕后工作应是很快就变得无聊了。
19.C　根据上文We called ourselves “sighted assistants”可知，作者作为助手应是为有视觉障碍的见习厨师提供帮助，即每个人都匹配了一名厨师。
20.D　根据常识可知，作者帮助有视觉障碍的见习厨师烹饪，此处应该表示去厨房。
21.B　根据下文可知，当有视觉障碍的见习厨师烹饪时，他们会遇到很多问题，而志愿者在身边会确保他们的安全。
22.C　根据空后的the position of the sink可知，此处表示弄清楚洗碗槽的位置。leave out不包括；miss out遗漏；point out指出。
23.A　根据空后的boiling and hot objects及常识可知，此处表示避免接触沸腾和热的物体。
24.A　根据空后的how difficult life can be when you are 　25　 or completely blind可知，通过此次志愿者经历，作者理解了视觉障碍者的生活是多么艰难。
25.B　根据空后表示选择关系的or可知，和他们在一起让作者真正体会到当部分或完全失明时，生活会多么艰难。
26.C　根据上文how difficult life can be when you are 　25　 or completely blind可知，失明使生活不容易，因此生活中的每一个小任务都需要巨大的努力。
27.A　根据文章内容可知，作者意识到有很多残疾人。
28.D　此处与上文的how difficult life can be相呼应，作者认为我们不缺少方法让这些人的生活变得更容易。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了工匠精神在英国一直备受推崇。
29.perfection　考查词形转换。空处作介词of的宾语，故填名词perfection。
30.finely　考查词形转换。空处作状语，修饰made，应用副词，故填finely，意为“精巧地”。
31.a　考查冠词。设空处表泛指，且turning的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
32.was led　考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，这场运动是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，又因It（the Arts and Crafts movement）与lead之间为被动关系，故填was led。
33.to maintain　考查非谓语动词。fight to do sth表示“努力做某事”，故填to maintain。
34.producing　考查非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语，应用动词-ing形式，故填producing。
35.traditional　考查词形转换。空处作定语，修饰English craftsmanship，故填形容词traditional，意为“传统的”。
36.on/upon　考查固定搭配。be based on/upon为固定搭配，意为“根据……，以……为基础”。
37.that/which　考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词the molten （熔化的） brass，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
38.brands　考查名词复数。brand是可数名词，在此表泛指，且前面无冠词，句中的谓语为are driving，故填其复数形式brands。
5 / 6Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
名词性从句复习
阅读下列句子并体会加黑部分的用法。
1.As you start to make plans for what you want to do with your future， you might ask a question whether you should start your own business.
2.Another advantage is that you will be able to better provide for yourself and your family，or even the economy will benefit if you achieve commercial success.
3.It is no surprise that being one’s own boss is appealing to many people.
4.The fact that you have a passion for your idea will make it much easier to motivate yourself.
5.It is also important whether it should fit your skills.
6.Our final tip is that you should consider whether you want to make your business a solo one or find one or two partners.
【我的发现】
（1）名词性从句具有　　　　的句法功能，在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。通常使用　　　　　　、whether或者疑问词来引导名词性从句。
（2）句3、句5为　　　　从句，句1（前半部分）为　　　　从句，句1（后半部分）、句4为　　　　从句，句2、句6为　　　　从句。
（3）句3、句5中使用了　　　　　　作形式主语，而真正的主语从句置于句末。
　　名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、名词性从句的连接词
类别 连接词 用法
连词 that、whether、if （1）只起连接作用，在从句中均不充当任何成分； （2）that无意义；whether/if均表示“是否”
连接 代词 what、whatever、which、whichever、 who、whoever、whom、whomever、 whose 既起连接作用，又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或者定语
连接 副词 when、where、how、 why 既起连接作用，又在从句中作状语
1.that引导名词性从句的用法
（1）that只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，本身在句中也没有含义。
That our team had won first prize made us very happy.
我们队获得了第一名，这使我们很高兴。
He told me （that） he would go to college the next year.
他告诉我他明年会去上大学。
John said （that） he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要去伦敦。
（2）that在引导名词性从句时，常可省略，但在以下情况中，that不可省略。
①that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可省略；
②当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个从句的连词that不可省略；
③当that引导宾语从句前有it作其形式宾语时，that不可省略；
④that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that不可省略；
⑤引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that一般不可省略。
The teacher told the students （that） they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed by their parents.
老师告诉学生们要在第二天上交家庭作业，并且家庭作业必须由他们的父母签名。
We find it a big surprise that she is still alive in such a serious earthquake.
她在如此严重的地震中还活着，我们感到非常惊讶。
I didn’t tell him anything on the phone except that I needed the money.
电话里我什么都没有告诉他，只是说我需要钱。
The fact that he has fully recovered makes me feel good.
他已痊愈，真令我高兴。
2.whether/if引导名词性从句的用法
（1）whether、if引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，whether与if表示“是否”，只起连接词的作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分。
（2）whether和if有时可通用，但在下列情况下，只可用whether：
①whether引导主语从句并置于句首；
②引导表语从句；
③whether从句作介词宾语；
④从句中有or not；
⑤后接动词不定式。
Whether we will go for a picnic tomorrow depends on whether it will be fine.
我们明天是否去野餐取决于天气是否晴朗。
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test.
问题是她是否应该对这次测试有较低的评价。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
Even though he is in a difficult situation， he hasn’t decided whether he will give up or not.
尽管他处境艰难，他还没有决定是否要放弃。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
　①He has made it clear 　　　　　　he will not give in.
②The news 　　　　　　we shall go to visit an exhibition is not true.
③But 　　　　　　its name is really related to the city wall is still a question to be confirmed.
④The advice 　　　　　　a meeting should be held was favoured by most of us.
⑤I don’t know 　　　　　　he still lives there after so many years.
⑥Give me your promise 　　　　　　you will come to our party this evening.
3.疑问词who、whom、whose、what、which、where、why、when、how引导名词性从句的用法
疑问词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来，它们的特点是：
（1）疑问词保留自己的疑问含义；
（2）疑问词在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语或状语；
（3）疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。
He didn’t tell me when we would meet again.
他没有告诉我我们什么时候会再见面。
Do you know whom they are looking for？
你知道他们在找谁吗？
That’s where she always is at this time of day.
每天这个时候她总是在那里。
4.whatever、whichever、whoever、whomever引导名词性从句的用法
whatever、whichever、whoever、whomever可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语和表语等。在此用法中，whatever、 whoever等在从句中通常不含疑问意义。whatever＝anything that、whoever＝anyone who。
Whatever you can do helps since your support is important to our work.
＝Anything that you can do helps since your support is important to our work.
你做的一切对我们都有帮助，因为你的支持对我们的工作很重要。
Whichever of the preventive measures benefits the public should be promoted.
＝Any of the preventive measures that benefits the public should be promoted.
任何对公众有用的预防措施都应该被推广。
The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
＝The gold medal will be awarded to anyone who wins the first place in the bicycle race.
自行车比赛得第一名的人会获得金牌。
【即时演练2】　选词填空
who， whom， whose， what， where， when， how， whatever， whoever， whichever
①I will let my children do 　　　　　　they like.
②These shoes look very good. I wonder 　　　　　　much they cost.
③　　　　　　 the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
④Thank you for your gift！ It is 　　　　　I have been longing for.
⑤The problem is 　　　　　　we can get to solve this question.
⑥　　　　　　 of you comes first will receive a prize.
⑦I’ll give the ticket to 　　　　　　wants it.
⑧I wonder 　　　　　　book this is.
⑨This is 　　　　　　we found the boy who lives next to me.
⑩Have you decided 　　　　　　you are to elect as your assistant？
二、it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句
1.that引导主语从句通常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句末。
It’s a pity that you missed the film.
你错过了那部电影真是遗憾。
It is very important that a student （should） learn English well.
学生学好英语很重要。
It is suggested that the meeting （should） be put off.有人建议会议延期召开。
It seems that they will win the game.
看起来他们会赢得这场比赛。
2.whether/who/what等疑问词引导主语从句时也常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语从句置于句末。
It has not yet been decided who will do that work.还没决定谁做那项工作。
It is still unknown which team will win the match.还不知道哪支队伍将赢得比赛。
3.动词find、feel、consider、make、believe等后面的宾语从句跟宾语补足语时，常使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句置于句末。
I think it best that you should stay here.
我认为你最好待在这儿。
4.动词（如have、take “认为”、put“表达”、like、see to等）＋形式宾语it＋that从句。
I like it that you came.你来了，我很高兴。
I take it that he will come on time.
我认为他会准时来的。
5.表示喜爱、憎恶等感情的动词（enjoy、hate、love、like、dislike、appreciate、prefer等）＋it＋when （if） 从句。
I like it when people are open and straight.
我喜欢人们开朗、坦率的性格。
I really appreciate it if she offered to help.
如果她能帮助我做这件事，我会十分感激。
三、名词性从句中使用虚拟语气的用法
1.在主语从句中用来表示“惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此”等，谓语动词用虚拟语气“（should＋）do”，常用的句型有：
①It is necessary （important、natural、strange、etc.） that ...
②It is a pity （a shame、no wonder、etc.） that ...
③It is suggested （requested、proposed、desired、etc.） that ...
2.表示“建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持”等及物动词后面的宾语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气“（should＋）do”，常用的这类动词有suggest、propose、insist、desire、demand、request、order、command等。
3.主语是suggestion、proposal、request、order等表示“建议、请求、要求、命令”等意思的词时，表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“（should＋）do”。
4.表示“建议、请求、命令、要求”等意思的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“（should＋）do”。
It was suggested by him that we （should） hold another meeting to discuss the question.
＝He suggested that we （should） hold another meeting to discuss the question.
＝His suggestion was that we （should） hold another meeting to discuss the question.
＝He put forward a suggestion that we （should） hold another meeting to discuss the question.
他的建议是我们举行另一次会议来讨论这个问题。
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空
①I think 　　　　　　necessary that we take plenty of water every day.
②I hate it 　　　　　　people talk with their mouths full of food.
③I have made it a rule 　　　　　　I keep diaries.
④It is doubtful 　　　　　　he will come here.
⑤　　　　　　 is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）名词　that　（2）主语　宾语　同位语　表语　（3）it
即时演练1
①that　②that　③whether　④that　⑤if/whether　⑥that
即时演练2
①whatever　②how　③When　④what　⑤who
⑥Whichever　⑦whoever　⑧whose　⑨where　⑩whom
即时演练3
①it　②when　③that　④whether　⑤It
4 / 5(共81张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
课时检测·提能力
重难语法 · 要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
名词性从句复习
阅读下列句子并体会加蓝部分的用法。
1. As you start to make plans for what you want to do with your
future， you might ask a question whether you should start your
own business.
2. Another advantage is that you will be able to better provide for
yourself and your family，or even the economy will benefit if you
achieve commercial success.
3. It is no surprise that being one’s own boss is appealing to many
people.
4. The fact that you have a passion for your idea will make it much
easier to motivate yourself.
5. It is also important whether it should fit your skills.
6. Our final tip is that you should consider whether you want to make
your business a solo one or find one or two partners.
【我的发现】
（1）名词性从句具有 的句法功能，在句子中可以充当主
语、宾语、表语或同位语。通常使用 、whether或者疑问
词来引导名词性从句。
（2）句3、句5为 从句，句1（前半部分）为 从句，
句1（后半部分）、句4为 从句，句2、句6为
从句。
（3）句3、句5中使用了 作形式主语，而真正的主语从句置
于句末。
名词　
that　
主语　
宾语　
同位语　
表
语　
it　
　　名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、名词性从句的连接词
类别 连接词 用法
连
词 that、hether、
if （1）只起连接作用，在从句中均不充当任何成分；
（2）that无意义；whether/if均表示“是否”
类别 连接词 用法
连接 代词 what、whatever、
which、whichever、
who、whoever、whom、
whomever、 whose 既起连接作用，又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或者定语
连接 副词 when、where、how、 why 既起连接作用，又在从句中作状语
1. that引导名词性从句的用法
（1）that只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，本身在句中也没
有含义。
That our team had won first prize made us very happy.
我们队获得了第一名，这使我们很高兴。
He told me （that） he would go to college the next year.
他告诉我他明年会去上大学。
John said （that） he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要去伦敦。
（2）that在引导名词性从句时，常可省略，但在以下情况中，that
不可省略。
①that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可省略；
②当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个从句的
连词that不可省略；
③当that引导宾语从句前有it作其形式宾语时，that不可省略；
④that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that不可省略；
⑤引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that一般不可省略。
The teacher told the students （that） they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed by their parents.
老师告诉学生们要在第二天上交家庭作业，并且家庭作业必须由他们的父母签名。
We find it a big surprise that she is still alive in such a serious earthquake.
她在如此严重的地震中还活着，我们感到非常惊讶。
I didn’t tell him anything on the phone except that I needed the money.
电话里我什么都没有告诉他，只是说我需要钱。
The fact that he has fully recovered makes me feel good.
他已痊愈，真令我高兴。
2. whether/if引导名词性从句的用法
（1）whether、if引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句
转化而来的，whether与if表示“是否”，只起连接词的作
用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分。
（2）whether和if有时可通用，但在下列情况下，只可用whether：
①whether引导主语从句并置于句首；
②引导表语从句；
③whether从句作介词宾语；
④从句中有or not；
⑤后接动词不定式。
Whether we will go for a picnic tomorrow depends on whether
it will be fine.
我们明天是否去野餐取决于天气是否晴朗。
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test.
问题是她是否应该对这次测试有较低的评价。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
Even though he is in a difficult situation， he hasn’t decided
whether he will give up or not.
尽管他处境艰难，他还没有决定是否要放弃。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
①He has made it clear he will not give in.
②The news we shall go to visit an exhibition is not true.
③But its name is really related to the city wall is still a
question to be confirmed.
④The advice a meeting should be held was favoured by most of
us.
⑤I don’t know he still lives there after so many years.
⑥Give me your promise you will come to our party this evening.
that　
that　
whether　
that　
if/whether　
that　
3. 疑问词who、whom、whose、what、which、where、why、when、
how引导名词性从句的用法
疑问词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来，它们的特点是：
（1）疑问词保留自己的疑问含义；
（2）疑问词在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语或状
语；
（3）疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。
He didn’t tell me when we would meet again.
他没有告诉我我们什么时候会再见面。
Do you know whom they are looking for？
你知道他们在找谁吗？
That’s where she always is at this time of day.
每天这个时候她总是在那里。
4. whatever、whichever、whoever、whomever引导名词性从句的用法
whatever、whichever、whoever、whomever可引导主语从句、宾语
从句和表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语和表语等。在此用法
中，whatever、 whoever等在从句中通常不含疑问意义。whatever＝
anything that、whoever＝anyone who。
Whatever you can do helps since your support is important to our
work.
＝Anything that you can do helps since your support is important to
our work.
你做的一切对我们都有帮助，因为你的支持对我们的工作很重要。
Whichever of the preventive measures benefits the public should be
promoted.
＝Any of the preventive measures that benefits the public should be
promoted.
任何对公众有用的预防措施都应该被推广。
The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the
bicycle race.
＝The gold medal will be awarded to anyone who wins the first place
in the bicycle race.
自行车比赛得第一名的人会获得金牌。
【即时演练2】　选词填空
who， whom， whose， what， where， when， how， whatever，
whoever， whichever
①I will let my children do they like.
②These shoes look very good. I wonder much they cost.
③ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the
weather.
④Thank you for your gift！ It is I have been longing for.
⑤The problem is we can get to solve this question.
⑥ of you comes first will receive a prize.
whatever　
how　
When　
what　
who　
Whichever　
⑦I’ll give the ticket to wants it.
⑧I wonder book this is.
⑨This is we found the boy who lives next to me.
⑩Have you decided you are to elect as your assistant？
whoever　
whose　
where　
whom　
二、it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句
1. that引导主语从句通常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句末。
It’s a pity that you missed the film.
你错过了那部电影真是遗憾。
It is very important that a student （should） learn English well.
学生学好英语很重要。
It is suggested that the meeting （should） be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
It seems that they will win the game.
看起来他们会赢得这场比赛。
2. whether/who/what等疑问词引导主语从句时也常用it作形式主语，而
将真正的主语从句置于句末。
It has not yet been decided who will do that work.
还没决定谁做那项工作。
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
还不知道哪支队伍将赢得比赛。
3. 动词find、feel、consider、make、believe等后面的宾语从句跟宾语
补足语时，常使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句置于句末。
I think it best that you should stay here.
我认为你最好待在这儿。
4. 动词（如have、take “认为”、put“表达”、like、see to等）＋形
式宾语it＋that从句。
I like it that you came.
你来了，我很高兴。
I take it that he will come on time.
我认为他会准时来的。
5. 表示喜爱、憎恶等感情的动词（enjoy、hate、love、like、dislike、
appreciate、prefer等）＋it＋when （if） 从句。
I like it when people are open and straight.
我喜欢人们开朗、坦率的性格。
I really appreciate it if she offered to help.
如果她能帮助我做这件事，我会十分感激。
三、名词性从句中使用虚拟语气的用法
1. 在主语从句中用来表示“惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此”等，谓
语动词用虚拟语气“（should＋）do”，常用的句型有：
①It is necessary （important、natural、strange、etc.） that ...
②It is a pity （a shame、no wonder、etc.） that ...
③It is suggested （requested、proposed、desired、etc.） that ...
2. 表示“建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持”等及物动词后面的宾语从
句中谓语要用虚拟语气“（should＋）do”，常用的这类动词有
suggest、propose、insist、desire、demand、request、order、
command等。
3. 主语是suggestion、proposal、request、order等表示“建议、请求、
要求、命令”等意思的词时，表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气
“（should＋）do”。
4. 表示“建议、请求、命令、要求”等意思的名词后面的同位语从句
中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“（should＋）do”。
It was suggested by him that we （should） hold another meeting to
discuss the question.
＝He suggested that we （should） hold another meeting to discuss
the question.
＝His suggestion was that we （should） hold another meeting to
discuss the question.
＝He put forward a suggestion that we （should） hold another
meeting to discuss the question.
他的建议是我们举行另一次会议来讨论这个问题。
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空
①I think necessary that we take plenty of water every day.
②I hate it people talk with their mouths full of food.
③I have made it a rule I keep diaries.
④It is doubtful he will come here.
⑤ is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
it　
when　
that　
whether　
It　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
2
维度一：基础题型练
使用名词性从句改写句子。
1. Along with the letter was his promise.He would visit me this coming
Christmas.
→
（同位语从句）
Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this
coming Christmas.　
2. Many students are addicted to computer games.It has become a hot
issue.
→

（主语从句）
3. Will ways be found to stop pollution？This is the question worrying the
public.
→
（表语从句）
That many students are addicted to computer games has become a
hot issue./It has become a hot issue that many students are addicted to
computer games.　
The question worrying the public is whether ways will be found to
stop pollution.　
4. He will leave home to make his fortune in big cities.But he hasn’t
decided the time.
→
（宾语从句）
维度二：语法与写作
用名词性从句完成下列句子。
1. All the participants can get .
所有的参与者都可以得到他们想要的东西。
2. To practice as much as possible is .
尽可能多练习是秘诀所在。
He hasn’t decided when he will leave home to make his fortune
in big cities.　
what they want　
where the secret lies　
3. To start with， we are about to start
our next lesson next Friday.
首先，我想强调的是下周五我们将开始我们的下节课。
4. The possibility has recently
been suggested by new research.
近来新的研究表明，怡人的气味可能会减轻疼痛。
what I intend to stress is that　
that pleasant smells might reduce pain　
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用适当的连接词填空。
　　It was reported 1. there was an accident at the corner of
Roman Street this morning.According to 2. the police said，
a car ran into a truck but fortunately， nobody got injured.3.
will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The
police were uncertain 4. the driver was guilty or
not.5. the police should do now is 6. they must
find out what led to the accident.They said it was difficult for them to
judge because
that　
what　
Who　
whether　
What　
that　
7. the accident happened is not clear.Perhaps the reason was
8. the driver was too tired to stop the car in time.The driver
didn’t admit the fact 9. he was breaking the speed limit at the
turning.The police doubted 10. what he said was true and
decided to make a further investigation.
how　
that　
that　
whether　
　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Born in New York in 1918， scientist Gertrude B. Elion had an
impressive career， during which she developed medicines to treat many
major diseases.Elion spent her early youth in Manhattan.She attended
senior high school and had， in her words， an unbelievable thirst for
knowledge.
　　Motivated by the death of her grandfather， who died of cancer，
Elion entered Hunter College at the age of 15 and graduated in chemistry at
the age of 19.She had difficulty finding employment after graduation
because many laboratories refused to hire women chemists.She found a
part-time job as a lab assistant and went back to school at New York
University.Elion worked as a high school teacher for a few years after
finishing work on her master’s degree.
　　The start of World War Ⅱ created more opportunities for women.At
the age of 26， Elion was able to get a job at Burroughs Wellcome &
Company， where she began a 40-year partnership with Dr George H.
Hitchings.Her thirst for knowledge impressed Dr Hitchings， and he
permitted her to take on more responsibility.
　　Elion and Hitchings set out on a course of creating medicines by
studying the chemical composition of diseased cells.Rather than relying on
old trial-and-error methods， they used the differences in biochemistry
between normal human cells and pathogens （病原体） to design
medicines.In all， Elion obtained 45 patents on medicine and was
awarded 23 honorary degrees.
　　In 1988， Elion received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine， together with George H. Hitchings and Sir James W.
Black.She received other awards for her work， including the National
Medal of Science in 1991， and that same year， she became the first
woman to be inducted （使正式加入） into the National Inventors Hall of
Fame.In 1997， she was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime
Achievement Award.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了格特鲁德·B. 埃利恩的
求学经历和其令人印象深刻的职业生涯，以及她最终取得的成就。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了格特鲁德·B. 埃利恩的
求学经历和其令人印象深刻的职业生涯，以及她最终取得的成就。
1. What can we say about Elion as a high school student？（　　）
A. She had a satisfying part-time job.
B. She had a strong desire for learning.
C. She had a gift for chemistry at high school.
D. She made great achievements in chemistry.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的an
unbelievable thirst for knowledge可知，作为一名高中生，埃利
恩有强烈的求知欲。
2. Why did Elion choose to study chemistry at college？（　　）
A. To meet her grandfather’s wish.
B. To find a good job after graduation.
C. To create medicines to treat diseases.
D. To be a chemistry teacher in the future.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句并结合下文她与希钦斯
博士一起研究患病细胞的化学成分来制造药物可以推断，埃利恩选
择在大学里学习化学的原因是：要创造药物去治疗疾病。
3. When did Elion start working for Burroughs Wellcome & Company？
（　　）
A. In 1933. B. In 1937.
C. In 1944. D. In 1984.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，Elion 26岁时在
Burroughs Wellcome & Company工作；根据文章首句可知，他出生
于1918年。由此可以推断，埃利恩在1944年开始为该公司工作。
4. What does the author mainly tell us about Elion in the last paragraph？
（　　）
A. Her later life.
B. Her honours.
C. Her interest in chemistry.
D. Her significant contributions.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者主要讲述了
埃利恩所获得的荣誉。
B
　　Born on her family’s farm in Ray， North Dakota， Mary Sherman
Morgan had been helping her father with farm work before she could
attend the small town’s schoolhouse.Being a few years behind didn’t
hold her back and she graduated from high school with honours.Aware of
her intelligence， she ran away from Ray to attend Minot State University
as a chemistry major， where her skill was evident.
　　The outbreak of World War Ⅱ resulted in a national shortage of
chemists and scientists.In spite of the fact that she was still a student and a
woman， she was offered a job as a chemical analyst due to her talents，
producing explosives （爆炸物） for the wartime effort.She put her
degree on hold and moved to Ohio， taking on the dangerous job of
analyzing unstable chemicals to produce weapons.
　　After the war ended there was a fall in demand for explosives， so
she made a move to the field of aeronautics， moving to California to
work for NAA （North American Aviation）.The only woman out of 900
engineers， she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating
the performance of rocket propellants （推进剂） and designing speciality
fuels to work with different engines.However， never having returned to
complete her degree， she was not afforded the rank or higher pay of an
engineer， even though she had all the skills and knowledge of one.
　　Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked
with finding a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into
space， Morgan was appointed the technical leader on the
project.National pride was on the line， so Morgan set about investigating
fuels.After countless trials， she finally designed her own mixture，
which was named Hydyne.
　　Hydyne was tested well with the Redstone missiles and subsequently
other aircraft （航空器）， such as Jupiter-C rockets， proving to be a
quick solution to getting to space without a total rocket redesign.The fuel
made the first successful US satellite launch possible， even if Morgan
silently slipped away from her success， retiring to focus on her family
and leaving her chemistry career behind.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了玛丽·谢尔曼·摩根的
生平及其她为航空事业作出的巨大贡献。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了玛丽·谢尔曼·摩根的
生平及其她为航空事业作出的巨大贡献。
5. What do we know about Mary Sherman Morgan？（　　）
A. She attended school while helping with farm work.
B. She was offered a job as a chemistry analyst after graduation.
C. She shifted her working focus as the domestic demand changed.
D. She launched the first US satellite before retiring from her career.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，在二战时，玛
丽·谢尔曼·摩根从事武器的化学分析工作；根据第三段第一句可
知，在战后，由于对武器需求的减少，她转而为北美航空公司工
作。据此可知，由于国内需求的变化，她转移了工作重心。
6. What does the underlined word “aeronautics” in Paragraph 3
probably mean？（　　）
A. Analyzing chemicals.
B. Producing explosives.
C. Mixing and saving fuels.
D. Designing and building aircraft.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的moving to California to
work for NAA （North American Aviation） 可知，玛丽搬到了加利
福尼亚州为北美航空公司工作；结合画线词的前缀aero可知，她转
向的是航空领域。因此画线词意为“设计和制造飞机”。
7. What made Morgan the technical leader on the project of NAA？（　　）
A. Her discovery of Hydyne.
B. Her rank as an engineer.
C. Her special knowledge in fuels.
D. Her sense of national pride.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Her experience with ...leader on the project.可知，由于她在推进剂研究方面有着丰富的经验，摩根被任命为项目技术领导者。
8. Which of the following words can best describe Mary Sherman
Morgan？（　　）
A. Caring and determined. B. Courageous and creative.
C. Intelligent but sensitive. D. Accomplished but proud.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段尾句可知，玛丽·谢尔曼·摩
根暂时搁置了学位课程，到俄亥俄州从事危险的不稳定化学物质分
析工作，据此可以推知，她很勇敢；根据第四段尾句可知，她进行
了无数次试验，终于成功发明Hydyne，据此可以推知，她具有创
造力。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　The future is a land full of unknowns， especially with new
technological developments and new job requirements that the future
holds.So how can students prepare themselves for such a future？ 9.
（　　）
　　Allow students to lead their learning.
　　Many teachers have a “my way or no way” attitude， which
negatively impacts a student’s growth as a person and future team
member within a company or organization. 10.（　　） They can help
shape the class and even the syllabus （教学大纲）.Opening up to
students， listening to their needs early on， and holding meaningful
conversations together can create better future employees.
　　11. （　　）
　　Creating situations that encourage students’ curiosity is an essential
practice for the brain.While curiosity can’t be taught， schools can bring
it out of students in particular contexts.Extra-curricular activities can help
students， for example， break out of everyday academic monotony （单
调）.In this way， certain curious parts of the brain may be activated.
　　Encourage collaboration （合作）.
　　12. （　　） When different people are encouraged to get together
and collaborate， unique ideas can become part of something
bigger.Group projects push students to develop decision-making while
also building a social setting where work can be done more effectively as
part of a collaborative effort.
　　Help students develop effective communication skills.
　　Effective communication， either in oral or written forms， will be
vital in the future workplace.The ability to fully exchange ideas can lead
to better working relationships.13.（　　） Good communication is the
key to opening a whole new universe of possibilities.
A. Make students curious.
B. Every person is unique in their own way.
C. Create an environment where creativity is valued.
D. Sometimes the solution can be simple： let students lead.
E. Learning how to fail can teach some critical and invaluable lessons.
F. Here are several ways schools can help prepare students for future jobs.
G. Therefore， teaching students to communicate effectively is simply a
must.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学校帮助学生为未来做
好准备的几种方式。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学校帮助学生为未来做
好准备的几种方式。
9. F　上文指出：面对充满未知的未来，学生该如何做好应对准备
呢？下文介绍了学校可以通过四种方式帮助学生为未来做好准备，故
F项符合语境。
10. D　空前一句指出：许多老师都持有一种态度：“只能听我
的”，这种态度会给学生带来负面影响。空后一句说明了他们可以对
班级甚至教学大纲产生重大影响。故D项（有时解决办法很简单：让
学生占据主导地位）符合语境。设空处前一句中的negatively impacts
与D项中的solution相呼应，设空处后一句中的They指代D项中的
students。
11. A　下文主要说明了学校可以根据特定情境来激发学生的好奇
心。例如，课外活动可以帮助学生打破日常单调的学习生活。故A项
符合语境，A项中的curious与下文中出现两次的curiosity以及出现一次
的curious构成原词复现。
12. B　空后一句指出：当不同的人被聚在一起展开合作时，多种
独特的想法就能变成更大的成就。故B项（每个人都有自己的独特
之处）符合语境，B项中的unique与设空处后一句中的unique构成
原词复现。
13. G　上文说明了在未来的工作场所中，有效沟通是至关重要的。
充分沟通想法的能力会产生更好的工作关系。故G项（因此，教会学
生进行有效沟通是必需的）符合语境，与上文构成因果关系，G项中
的communicate effectively与上文中的Effective communication相呼应。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Volunteering has been a way of life for me for the past five years since
I was fifteen.
　　In 2020， I 　14　 with a newly founded social enterprise， which
conducted cooking lessons for visually impaired （受损的）
trainee 　15　.I absolutely loved it as it involved meaningful 　16　 with
people and I was fully 　17　 throughout the entire time I was there.This
was unlike some other types of volunteering， which may involve mostly
behind-the-scenes work that can get 　18　 after a while.
　　We called ourselves “sighted assistants” and each of us was 　19　
with a visually impaired trainee chef.As a volunteer， I would walk with
the trainee to the Enabling Village 　20　， and then ensure their 　21　
as they learned to cook a new dish.This included helping them 　22　 the
position of the sink， ensuring proper use of electrical
appliances， 　23　 boiling and hot objects， as well as being careful
with knives among other things.
　　Being there with them made me truly 　24　 how difficult life can be
when you are 　25　 or completely blind.Every tiny task 　26　 massive
effort.There are so many people with 　27　， I realised.While medicine
still does not have the power to cure all of these conditions， we are never
short of ways to empower these individuals by making life 　28　 and
more meaningful for them.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者作为志愿者帮
助有视觉障碍的见习厨师烹饪的经历，这段经历使作者领悟到一些
道理。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者作为志愿者帮
助有视觉障碍的见习厨师烹饪的经历，这段经历使作者领悟到一些
道理。
14. A. met B. cooperated
C. started D. volunteered
解析：　根据第一段可知，在2020年，作者自愿加入了一家新
成立的社会企业。
15. A. managers B. volunteers
C. chefs D. doctors
解析：　根据下文中的a visually impaired trainee chef可知，该企
业为有视觉障碍的见习厨师提供烹饪课程。
16. A. interaction B. appointment
C. greeting D. conflict
解析：　根据空后的with people可知，此处表示和人们之间
的互动。
17. A. confused B. engaged
C. surprised D. disturbed
解析：　根据语境可知，作者全程应是忙着的。
18. A. promising B. frightening
C. challenging D. boring
解析：　根据常识可知，幕后工作应是很快就变得无聊了。
19. A. faced B. compared
C. paired D. equipped
解析：　根据上文We called ourselves “sighted assistants”可
知，作者作为助手应是为有视觉障碍的见习厨师提供帮助，即每
个人都匹配了一名厨师。
20. A. lesson B. enterprise
C. room D. kitchen
解析：　根据常识可知，作者帮助有视觉障碍的见习厨师烹
饪，此处应该表示去厨房。
21. A. satisfaction B. safety
C. pleasure D. success
解析：　根据下文可知，当有视觉障碍的见习厨师烹饪时，他
们会遇到很多问题，而志愿者在身边会确保他们的安全。
22. A. leave out B. miss out
C. figure out D. point out
解析：　根据空后的the position of the sink可知，此处表示
弄清楚洗碗槽的位置。leave out不包括；miss out遗漏；point
out指出。
23. A. avoiding B. touching
C. approaching D. feeling
解析：　根据空后的boiling and hot objects及常识可知，此处表
示避免接触沸腾和热的物体。
24. A. appreciate B. imagine
C. predict D. think
解析：　根据空后的how difficult life can be when you are 　25　
or completely blind可知，通过此次志愿者经历，作者理解了视觉
障碍者的生活是多么艰难。
25. A. temporarily B. partly
C. accidentally D. originally
解析：B　根据空后表示选择关系的or可知，和他们在一起让作者
真正体会到当部分或完全失明时，生活会多么艰难。
26. A. simplifies B. causes
C. takes D. offers
解析：　根据上文how difficult life can be when you are 　25　 or
completely blind可知，失明使生活不容易，因此生活中的每一个
小任务都需要巨大的努力。
27. A. disabilities B. difficulties
C. determination D. power
解析：　根据文章内容可知，作者意识到有很多残疾人。
28. A. luckier B. tougher
C. happier D. easier
解析：　此处与上文的how difficult life can be相呼应，作者认为
我们不缺少方法让这些人的生活变得更容易。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　For centuries， the measure of 29. 　　　　　　 （perfect） in
English craftsmanship fell to （成为……的义务） the country’s
artisans.England’s reputation for excellence was built on their
transformation of high quality materials into 30. 　　　　　　 （fine）
made goods ranging from clothing and furniture to pottery and metalwork.
　　This detailed method of production was the status quo for
generations， but a major shift appeared： The Industrial Revolution.The
shift towards mass production was 31. 　　　　　　 turning point in
history， but alongside the rise of factory work came the Arts and Crafts
movement.It 32. 　　　　　　 （lead） by artisans like English designer
William Morris who fought 33. 　　　　　 （maintain） the legacy of
handmade goods.
　　Over a century after the Arts and Crafts movement provided a buffer
（缓冲） against the domination of factories， a new wave of English
craftspeople have taken up the job of 34. 　　　　　 （produce） objects
that bring that spirit of craftsmanship into the modern age.For example，
in East London， Perrin & Rowe demonstrates the quality of
35. 　　　　　　 （tradition） English craftsmanship combined with
contemporary techniques.The brand’s brass fixtures （黄铜用品） are
made in a factory where the processes are based 36. 　　　　　　
techniques that involve nearly a century of expertise， such as the molten
（熔化的） brass 37. 　　　　　　 is still poured by hand into
individual molds.By channeling the spirit of English craftsmanship
through their products， 38. 　　　　　　 （brand） of this kind are
driving a larger movement focused on handcrafted quality.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了工匠精神在英国一
直备受推崇。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了工匠精神在英国一
直备受推崇。
29. perfection　考查词形转换。空处作介词of的宾语，故填名词
perfection。
30. finely　考查词形转换。空处作状语，修饰made，应用副词，故填
finely，意为“精巧地”。
31. a　考查冠词。设空处表泛指，且turning的发音以辅音音素开头，
故填a。
32. was led　考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，这场运动是发
生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，又因It（the Arts and Crafts
movement）与lead之间为被动关系，故填was led。
33. to maintain　考查非谓语动词。fight to do sth表示“努力做某
事”，故填to maintain。
34. producing　考查非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语，应用动词-ing
形式，故填producing。
35. traditional　考查词形转换。空处作定语，修饰English
craftsmanship，故填形容词traditional，意为“传统的”。
36. on/upon　考查固定搭配。be based on/upon为固定搭配，意为“根
据……，以……为基础”。
37. that/which　考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行
词the molten （熔化的） brass，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
38. brands　考查名词复数。brand是可数名词，在此表泛指，且前面
无冠词，句中的谓语为are driving，故填其复数形式brands。
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