资源简介

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
维度一：基础题型练
判断下面短文中句首标序号的类型并将其归类。
　　①International students can’t often return home for the holidays， but Brock University is among schools in Canada with programs that help keep their spirits alive during their time off.②Brock hosts winter programs that reach out to students who may feel alone or detached （分离的） from their families so that they can enjoy warm meals and share holiday traditions.
　　In 2021， Brock had about 1，900 international students.③The school’s international office said hundreds of them often remain in Canada for the holidays.④Being away from home can get quite tough at times； however， occasions like this make them feel at home.
　　Harsh Patel， a Master of Business Administration student， was born in Kenya and grew up in India.⑤Last year， he couldn’t return home， with the high cost of plane tickets and just a two-week break between terms.Therefore， he took part in Brock’s Home for the holiday program， which started in 2010 and has since become an annual program.⑥As part of the program， faculty （全体教师） members host events for students， whether it be a movie night， tea time or a Christmas dinner party.
1.简单句：　　　
2.并列句：　　　
3.主从复合句：　　　
4.并列主从复合句：　　　
维度二：语法与写作
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1.I don’t believe her， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我不相信她，尽管她说的是真的。
2.He didn’t sign up for the interview， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他没有报名参加面试，这使他失去了一份高薪工作。
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we should spare some time for our family every day.
不管多忙，我们都应该每天给家人腾出些时间来。
4.My hairstyle hasn’t changed much 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
从5岁起我的发型一直没大变化。
5.You had better take a taxi 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
你最好打车，否则你会迟到的。
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　 travelling broadens one’s horizons and increases one’s knowledge.
毫无疑问，旅行使人开阔眼界，增长知识。
7.　　　　　　　　　　　　 at the foot of the mountain.
山脚下有一个小池塘。
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用适当的连词填空。
　　Knowledge economy age is an age 1.　　　　　 new knowledge emerges much faster than ever before.Therefore， everyone should renew his or her knowledge， 2.　　　　　　 he or she will be left behind in the society.
　　There 3. 　　　　　　（be） some ways to update knowledge.On the one hand， one can attend different courses at all types of schools， either part-time 4.　　　　　　 full-time.On the other hand， self-study is a more convenient and practical method by 5.　　　　　　 one can effectively renew his or her knowledge.
　　6.　　　　　　 I am busy doing daily work， I still insist on teaching myself at night.In this way， I can not only keep up with the swift development of society 7.　　　　　　 also apply new knowledge to my practical work， 8.　　　　　　 benefits me a lot.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Museums have long tried to straddle （横跨） the line between being educational institutions and being spaces recognized for their high-class exhibits and collections， but a new industry trend may help change the way the general public interacts with museums.
　　On paper， the museum created by MICRO doesn’t seem as if it would make a splash.MICRO’s first exhibit space is tiny — about the size of a vending machine （自动售货机） — and highly specialized.It focuses entirely on one subject： mollusks （软体动物）.So why has it earned high praise from almost everyone？
　　This museum-in-a-box， created by MICRO founders Amanda Schochet and Charles Philipp， has some attention-drawing aspects.Its contents include a 3D-printed octopus （章鱼） brain and videos of various other mollusk species.In order to explain the unique sensory capabilities of species like an octopus， the creators used tiny human figures with sensory receptors all over their body， in roughly the same places as mollusks.The design of the mollusk museum is undeniably creative， but the most innovative characteristic might be its location.Because of its size， the museum can be moved quickly and easily using nothing more than a standard-sized SUV.The first box started its run at the main branch of the Brooklyn Public Library.The placement of this first box in one of the “other” boroughs （区） of New York was not random.MICRO seeks to make exhibits more accessible in places with fewer museums.In addition to the library， the organization has installed or plans to install boxes in community centers and in the Ronald McDonald House， among other places.
　　By downsizing its exhibits， MICRO seems to be changing the way that people interact with museums.“We believe that informal learning environments， like the Ronald McDonald House， can be incredibly powerful because of the element of surprise and the element of discovery，” said Charles Philipp.
1.What does the underlined part “make a splash” in Paragraph 2 mean？（　　）
A.Provide useful advice.
B.Promote a good deed.
C.Earn a large profit.
D.Draw much attention.
2.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Explain the question asked in the previous paragraph.
B.Provide the motivation for writing the text.
C.Introduce a new topic for discussion.
D.Add some background information.
3.Where is MICRO more likely to install its museums？（　　）
A.In places that are thinly-populated.
B.In places with few community centers.
C.In places where many mollusks gather.
D.In places with a small number of museums.
4.What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Big Ideas， Tiny Museums
B.Museums， Where Learning Occurs
C.Informal Learning， Good Learning
D.MICRO， Where You Encounter Mollusks
B
　　It’s no secret that college is expensive.I received financial aid， and I was able to cover the cost of enrollment， books， supplies， course materials， and additional school-related fees.But I could not afford housing， transportation， food， healthcare， or other basic necessities.The longer each semester went on， the harder the choices became.
　　When spring semester ended that first year at college， I had good grades， but I did not have two quarters to my name.I decided that if I could afford to be a full-time student， I would need to work a full-time job.Soon， I started working at the airport as a cleaner of aircraft cabins.My first shift at the airport was a graveyard shift， where I detailed aircraft of varying sizes.During this total night shift， I had to do “deep cleaning”， which meant cleaning everything and even I had to check every safety compartment and replace any missing items.This could be disgusting work.
　　Another fact that upset me a lot was that working at the airport and going to school did not fit easily together.Some days I was too exhausted after a night shift to get to class.Other days I didn’t have time to complete school assignments owing to a busy workday.At the end of the fall semester， I received a final warning for my attendance at my job.Once again， I was between a rock and a hard place and had to make a decision.I wanted to go to school and excel， but I had also grown accustomed to financially supporting myself.
　　Ultimately， I chose to temporarily stop going to school and to continue working， a decision I would later regret.The airline closed for various reasons.I felt stupid.I had put a lot into this job， even sacrificing my education， and now I would have neither job nor education.I’d finally learned what my grandmother meant when she once said that your job is temporary， and your education is forever.
5.What can we infer about the author from Paragraph 1？（　　）
A.He met with a long boring semester.
B.Food accounted for his biggest expense.
C.He left himself financially embarrassed.
D.His financial aid could cover his necessities.
6.What does the underlined word “detailed” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean？（　　）
A.Cleaned. B.Listed.
C.Repaired. D.Replaced.
7.Which of the following best describes the author in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Confused. B.Critical.
C.Decisive. D.Diligent.
8.What is conveyed in the text？（　　）
A.He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.
B.Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
C.One should be financially supported by himself.
D.The significance of schooling should be recognised.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Whether you’re in high school or college， classes will be over in a few short months.If you’d like to work this summer， have you started looking for a job？ If not， now’s the time to search for positions， fill out applications， and get yourself hired.To get the process started， follow our tips below.
　　 Make or update your resume （简历）.Even if potential positions require you to submit an application， some may also ask for an accompanying resume. 9.（　　） You can also use free online tools to easily create a resume in minutes.
　　 Look ahead.10.（　　） Think forward to your hopes for the future， and try to find a position that might help you develop relevant skills or make helpful contacts.
　　 Drop by.If there’s a certain place where you’re interested in working， put on an appropriate outfit （装束）， get your resume in hand， and drop by.11.（　　） Be ready to give your 30-second speech that answers two questions：“Why do you want to work here？” and “Why should I hire you？”
　　 12.（　　） You might need to provide references to a potential employer， so chat with former bosses， current mentors （导师）， and anyone else you want to include on your list.
　　Remember， it’s important to get started on the summer job search now， as so many others will be looking for seasonal work.13.（　　） Keep looking for opportunities， using your networks， and thinking creatively.Soon you’ll have something lined up to keep you busy and earn you money for the summer months.
A.Get your references lined up.
B.Ask to speak with the manager.
C.Contact former employers immediately.
D.What do you want to do after you graduate from college？
E.It might make sense for you to stay in your college town or city.
F.Drop by the career services office at your school for resume help.
G.And don’t get discouraged if you can’t find something immediately.
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Two afternoons a week， Mikala Tardy walks six blocks from Eastern High School to Payne Elementary School.She 　14　 at the front desk just after 3：30 p.m.and makes her way to a 　15　， where she’ll be teaching second-and third-graders who are full of energy after the school day.
　　Mikala， a senior at Eastern High， 　16　 this work back in the ninth grade.It’s run by Reach， a Washington， D.C.nonprofit， that trains high school 　17　 like her to be reading tutors for elementary school students.It’s a tutoring program that works in two 　18　.It’s serving a vital need in the city： Two-thirds of students in D.C.public schools can’t 　19　 and write at grade level when they start high school.Reach 　20　 these older students to become better readers — by giving them the tools to teach younger kids.
　　Tutoring programs that 　21　 younger and older students are 　22　.But most rely on 　23　 students.Reach turns the 　24　 on its head： Most of the teenage tutors start the 　25　 reading between the fourth-and sixth-grade level.The tutors 　26　 training in literacy （读写能力） instruction and they’re 　27　 as role models.Mikala Tardy says she 　28　 reading a lot more than she did when she started almost four years ago.
14.（　）A.checks out B.wakes up
C.sits down D.signs in
15.（　）A.park B.classroom
C.hospital D.library
16.（　）A.reported B.left
C.began D.created
17.（　）A.teachers B.students
C.players D.foreigners
18.（　）A.schools B.communities
C.periods D.directions
19.（　）A.paint B.speak
C.read D.sing
20.（　）A.forces B.helps
C.asks D.reminds
21.（　）A.turn down B.pay back
C.pair up D.look into
22.（　）A.common B.interesting
C.annoying D.ambitious
23.（　）A.full-grown B.so-called
C.high-achieving D.fun-loving
24.（　）A.idea B.excuse
C.habit D.question
25.（　）A.test B.competition
C.meeting D.program
26.（　）A.refuse B.receive
C.offer D.discover
27.（　）A.positioned B.corrected
C.protected D.included
28.（　）A.enjoys B.suggests
C.explains D.imagines
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　Professor Stephen McNair has spent half a lifetime proving that it’s better to be happy than rich， a state best 29.　　　　　　 （achieve） through lifelong learning.
　　84-year-old Jim Kelly has in recent years devoted himself to learning a wide range 30.　　　　　　 subjects — everything from gardening to history.After school days interrupted by poverty， his impetus （动力） to study came from his granddaughter Becky 31.　　　　　　， as a two-year-old， grew frustrated （挫败的） with his inability 32.　　　　　　 （answer） her questions.“Don’t you know anything grandad？” she would ask.Now， 14 years later， he tells 33.　　　　　　 teenager he’s pleased she asked that question.
　　Maria Tolly is a 78-year-old Londoner.In 1989， health problems spelled an end to her career as a professional guitarist， until her commitment to making music 34.　　　　　　 （restore） by specialist music technology courses at Morley College London and the City Lit.“Studying at both institutions has proved that age is 35.　　　　　　 （relevant） — I feel so connected to life thanks to a 36.　　　　　　 （combine） of forgetting my age and realising how much I still have to learn.” Soon she had job opportunities 37.　　　　　　 （range） from after-school dance groups to composing a song for the 100th anniversary （周年纪念日） of her local park.
McNair says that in all the guidance about wellbeing， education is central， and it is 38.　　　　 （particular） important for those in the latter stages of life.
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.⑤　2.④　3.②③⑥　4.①
维度二
1.while what she said is true
2.which cost him a well-paid job
3.However/No matter how busy we are
4.since I was five
5.or you will be late
6.There is no doubt that
7.There is a small pool
维度三
1.when　2.otherwise/or　3.are　4.or　5.which
6.Although/Though/While　7.but　8.which
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一家公司研发的微型博物馆，旨在让更多人有机会参观博物馆，让学习在不经意间发生。
1.D　词义猜测题。第三段首句衔接第二段内容，make a splash与第二段末句中的earned high praise from almost everyone及第三段首句中的has some attention-drawing aspects意义相近，意为“引起很大关注”。
2.A　推理判断题。作者在第二段末句提出问题：到底是什么让该博物馆赢得大众的普遍赞誉？第三段是为解释该问题服务的；第三段谈到该博物馆为了向人们解释软体动物的奥秘下了大功夫，还谈到其选址的独特性：由于规格较小，可以随时移动，可在公共机构设置此类博物馆。
3.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的MICRO seeks to make exhibits more accessible in places with fewer museums.可知，MICRO选址时更倾向于考虑博物馆比较少的地方，以满足这些区域的人们对展览的需求。
4.A　标题归纳题。文章介绍了MICRO公司的微型博物馆，旨在让更多人有机会参观博物馆，让学习在不经意间发生。A项作标题最能概括文意。A项中的Tiny Museums指MICRO公司开发的这种自动售货机大小的博物馆，Big Ideas指MICRO公司的愿景。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。为了负担得起成为一名全日制学生，作者开始做一份全职工作，结果因为出勤率问题收到了最后一次警告，只能选择暂时停止上学，继续工作。后来公司关闭了，作者为自己的决定感到后悔。
5.C　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，作者得到了经济援助，能够负担得起入学费用、书籍、用品、课程材料和其他与学校相关的费用，但负担不起住房、交通、食物、医疗和其他基本生活必需品。由此可推知，作者在经济上陷入困境。
6.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，作者很快开始在机场做飞机客舱清洁工，因此在机场的第一个夜班，作者就要清理各种大小的飞机。由此可知，画线词意为“清理”。
7.A　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，在机场工作和上学不太容易兼顾。在秋季学期结束时，作者因为出勤率问题收到了最后一次警告。作者又一次处于进退两难的境地，不得不作出决定。作者想去上学，取得优异成绩，但也已经习惯了在经济上养活自己。由此可推知，作者很困惑。
8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者为工作付出了很多，甚至牺牲了自己的教育，现在作者将既没有工作也没有教育。作者终于明白了祖母曾经说过的一句话：你的工作是暂时的，而你所受的教育是永远的。由此可推知，学校教育的重要性应该得到承认。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章为有意打暑期工的学生提供了一些建议。
9.F　根据本段主题句可知，本段内容围绕resume 展开。设空处下一句中的also提示设空处与空后一句为递进关系，F项（去学校职业服务中心寻求简历方面的帮助）及设空处下一句“你也可以使用免费的网络工具轻松创建一份简历”为制作简历的两种方法。故F项符合语境。
10.D　根据本段小标题及设空处下一句可知，本段围绕毕业之后正式就业的事情展开。D项（你大学毕业后想要做什么？）与本段主题相符，建议读者在找暑期工作时，应该将眼光放长远些，最好找对以后正式就业有帮助的职位，为以后的正式就业打基础。
11.B　设空处上一句中的drop by、B项、设空处下一句中的give your 30-second speech为按照时间顺序发生的三个动作，这一连串动作将上下文衔接起来。
12.A　设空处为本段小标题，结合本段内容可知，本段围绕“工作推荐人、介绍人”展开。A项符合语境。A项中的references与本段中的references构成原词复现；本段中的former bosses、current mentors是references的具体人选。
13.G　G项中的can’t find something immediately与设空处下一句中的Keep looking for opportunities形成反义关系，将上下文衔接起来。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了高中生教小学生阅读，在此过程中，双方的阅读水平都得到了提升。
14.D　根据下文the front desk和she’ll be teaching second-and third-graders可知，Mikala在前台登记后，走到教室。
15.B　参见上题解析。
16.C　根据上文a senior at Eastern High和下文back in the ninth grade可知，Mikala现在是高中生，因此她从九年级开始这份工作。末段中的when she started almost four years ago也是提示。
17.B　根据上文Mikala， a senior at Eastern High和空后的like her可知，这里指像Mikala一样的高中生。
18.D　根据空后两句可知，这是两个方面，表示Reach这个非营利机构既帮助读写能力差的学生，与此同时也让教他们的老师（高年级的学生）受益。
19.C　根据上文to be reading tutors for elementary school students可知，此处指华盛顿特区公立学校三分之二的学生在上高中时，不具备与年级水平相对应的阅读或写作能力。
20.B　破折号后的by giving them the tools to teach younger kids解释说明其前的内容，因此，Reach帮助这些高年级学生成为更好的阅读者。这里体现的是“教学相长”的思想，即教别人的同时也提升了自己。
21.C　根据上文trains high school ...to be reading tutors for elementary school students可知，很显然，这里的教师项目是将低年级和高年级学生进行配对。
22.A　根据该空后的But most以及接下来介绍Reach的不同做法可知，类似这种配对的教师项目很常见。
23.C　下文Most of the teenage tutors ...reading between the fourth-and sixth-grade level.是解答本题的关键信息，同类项目中的青少年教师都成绩优秀，而Reach开展的这个项目中，所选的青少年教师本身阅读水平并不高，因此四个选项中只有high-achieving与之构成对比，符合语境。
24.A　冒号后的内容具体介绍Reach的做法。turn sth on its head意为“颠倒某事物预期的顺序”。
25.D　根据上文this work、a tutoring program、Tutoring programs可知，此处指这个教师项目。
26.B　根据tutors和training并结合上文trains high school ...可知，这些教师都是高中生，且阅读水平并不是很高，因此他们要接受读写能力指导的培训。
27.A　根据下文role models可知，这些教师被定位为榜样。
28.A　reading a lot more than she did when she started almost four years ago是Mikala Tardy参加这个教师项目以来的变化和收获，由此可知，她比之前更喜欢阅读了。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习给老年人带来的积极影响。
29.achieved　考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语修饰a state，又因achieve与a state之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填achieved。
30.of　考查固定搭配。a wide range of是固定搭配，表示“范围广泛的”。故填of。
31.that/who　考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词his granddaughter Becky，且在从句中作主语，故填that/who。
32.to answer　考查非谓语动词。one’s inability to do sth是固定搭配，表示“某人不能做某事”，故填to answer。
33.the　考查冠词。设空处表示特指，the teenager特指上文中提到的his granddaughter Becky，故填定冠词the。
34.was restored　考查动词的时态和语态。根据设空处前的In 1989可知，设空处应用一般过去时，又因her commitment to making music与restore之间为被动关系，故填was restored。
35.irrelevant　考查词形转换。设空处在句中作表语，且根据语境可以推断出设空处应表示“无关的，不相干的”，故填irrelevant。
bination　考查名词。设空处前有冠词修饰，设空处后为介词of，故填名词combination。
37.ranging　考查非谓语动词。设空处为range from ...to ...结构，作后置定语，修饰名词短语job opportunities，且job opportunities与range之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填ranging。
38.particularly　考查词形转换。设空处作状语，修饰形容词important，应用副词，表示“特别地，尤其”，故填particularly。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
复杂句分析
阅读下列句子并思考各个句子的类型。
1.Vocational education is not a new idea.
2.It generally prepares people to work in a specific occupation by teaching theory in the classroom and offering hands-on training in the workplace.
3.Vocational education is no less important than academic education because it can qualify applicants to work in a particular field.
4.In today’s rapidly developing society， vocational education is becoming more and more valuable and it gives applicants an advantage in the job market.
5.For example， motor repair is one field that allows for such career development.
6.According to one vocational school student， they are now encouraged to “learn by doing” and “learn through trial and error”， and they focus more on how to complete an assignment rather than just memorizing what teachers say in class.
【我的发现】
以上例句中，句　　　为简单句；句　　　　为并列句；句　　　为主从复合句；句　　　为并列主从复合句。
　　英语中的句子按照句子结构可分为四类：简单句、并列句、主从复合句和并列主从复合句。
一、简单句
含有一个主谓结构的句子称为简单句。有时，简单句包含很多修饰语，这使句子变得很长。要准确理解句子，需要厘清句子的结构，找到主语和谓语。
主谓：主语＋ 谓语（SV） The rain stopped.雨停了。 　主语　 谓语
主谓宾：主 语＋谓语＋ 宾语（SVO） He　enjoys　reading. 主语　谓语　 宾语　 他喜欢读书。
主系表：主语＋连系 动词＋表语（SVP） This　is　an English-Chinese dictionary. 主语 连系动词　　　表语 这是一本英汉词典。
主谓宾宾：主语＋谓 语＋间接宾语＋直 接宾语（SVOO） My mother bought me　a dictionary. 　主语　　谓语 间接 宾语 直接宾语 我妈妈给我买了一本词典。
主谓宾补： 主语＋谓 语＋宾语 ＋宾语补 语（SVOC） They painted the door　green. 主语　 谓语　 宾语 　宾语补语 他们把门刷成了绿色。 He　 asked　 me　to come back soon. 主语 谓语　宾语　　宾语补语 他让我快点回来。 I　heard　 him　singing a song. 主语 谓语　 宾语　宾语补语 我听到他在唱歌。
主谓状：主 语＋谓语＋ 状语（SVA） The sun rises in the east. 　主语　谓语　 状语 太阳从东方升起。
主谓宾状：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 （SVOA） He　put the coffee on the table. 主语 谓语　 宾语　　 状语 他把咖啡放在了桌子上。
存现句：引导词there 引导的句子 There are many customers in the shop. 　　谓语　　主语　　　　状语 商店里有很多顾客。
【即时演练1】　写出下列句子的句子结构
①What he said does not matter. 　　　　　
②His parents have worked in the company for ten years. 　　　　　
③They haven’t decided when and where to hold the party. 　　　　　
④The old couple seemed very happy together. 　　　　　
⑤There are 45 students in our class. 　　　　　
⑥I want to have a cup of tea very much. 　　　　　
⑦She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 　　　　　　
二、并列句
并列句是指由并列连词连接的两个或更多的分句构成的句子，常见的并列连词有 and、or、but 等。要准确理解并列句，需要找到并列连词，弄清楚各分句之间的关系。
连词 举例
并列关系 and、both ...and、as well as、not only ...but （also）、neither ...nor
转折关系 but、however、while、still、yet
选择关系 or、whether ...or、either ...or 、 not ...but
因果关系 for、so/so that、therefore、because
固定句式 祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句；when作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”
The sky suddenly went dark and it started to rain.（并列关系）
天空骤然转暗，随即下起雨来。
I’d asked everybody but only two people came.（转折关系）
每个人我都请了，却只来了两个人。
Take the chance， or you will regret it.（转折关系）
抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。
You’d better take an umbrella， for it is going to rain.（因果关系）
你最好带把伞，因为要下雨了。
He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.（be about to do ...when ）
他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。
Hurry up， or you’ll be late again.（祈使句＋or＋陈述句）
快点，否则你会再迟到。
【即时演练2】　选词填空（and， but， or， so， while， for）
①I was glad to meet Jenny again， 　　　　I didn’t want to spend all day with her.
②Think it over， 　　　　　　you’ll find a way out.
③One day， I was late， 　　　　　　my teacher was angry.
④He fell in love with the girl 　　　　　　he was on a visit to New York.
⑤They have different ideas， 　　　　　　they have solved the problem in different ways.
三、主从复合句
主从复合句是指含有从句的复合句。要准确理解主从复合句，需要分析句子结构，找到主句和从句，并识别从句的种类。
类型 分类 例句
定语 从句 限制性定 语从句 Those who want to go please sign their names here. 想去的人请在这里签名。
非限制性 定语从句 We will put off the outing until the next week， when we won’t be so busy. 我们将把郊游推迟到下周，那时我们就不那么忙了。
名 词 性 从 句 主语从句 Whether he will come or not is still unknown. 他是否会来还不知道。
宾语从句 Please tell me whether or not you agree with him. 请告诉我你是否同意他（的观点）。
表语从句 This is where I don’t agree. 这是我不赞同的地方。
同位语 从句 I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她会什么时候回来。
状 语 从 句 时间状 语从句 I met him when I was walking in the park. 我在公园里散步时遇到了他。
原因状 语从句 Now that you are all here， let’s try and reach a decision. 既然你们都来了，让我们试着作出决定。
目的状 语从句 We sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach them in good time. 我们用航空邮件邮寄这封信，以便他们能及时收到。
类型 分类 例句
状 语 从 句 结果状 语从句 Bring it near so that I may see it better. 把它拿近一点，好让我看得更清楚。
条件状 语从句 As long as we don’t lose heart， we will find a way to overcome the difficulty. 只要我们不泄气，就会找到克服困难的方法。
让步状 语从句 Though we fight like cat and dog， we still love each other. 虽然我们像猫狗一样打架，但我们仍然彼此相爱。
比较状 语从句 She is still as active as she used to be. 她仍然像以前一样活跃。
方式状 语从句 He speaks as if there were a frog in his throat. 他说起话来好像喉咙里有只青蛙。
四、并列主从复合句
有些句子既包括并列分句，又含有从句，我们称之为并列主从复合句。要准确理解这种复杂的句子，需要分析句子结构，弄清楚各分句以及主从句之间的逻辑关系。
（1）Some people know what they want to do from a young age， but more people just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads.
有的人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。
句式分析：这是由转折连词but连接的并列主从复合句，表达前后两种情况的对比。前半部分是“主谓宾状”结构，其中含有what引导的宾语从句；后半部分是“主谓宾”结构，其中的bouncing around in their heads作后置定语修饰ideas。
（2）But by any criteria this work is worth it to us as well， because it shows that we are global citizens interested in world stability， and that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a community with a shared future for mankind.
但以任何标准来看，这项工作对我们都是值得的；因为它表明，我们是关注世界稳定的全球公民，我们对他人负有责任，我们为构建人类命运共同体作好了准备。
句式分析：这是一个并列主从复合句。第一层从because分开，前面的主句为“主系表”结构，because后面直到句尾是一个“主谓宾”结构的原因状语从句，用来说明“这项工作对我们都是值得的”的理由。第二层，原因状语从句内部包含两个由that引导的宾语从句，作show的宾语。第三层，两个that引导的宾语从句是并列关系，也都是“主系表”结构。
【即时演练3】　完成句子
①Wuhan lies 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　， I do it.
因为我喜欢，所以我才干。
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he always disagrees.
无论我建议什么，他总是不同意。
④He acted 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他装得似乎什么事也未发生过。
⑤I ask him 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我问他我们什么时候去动物园，但他不知道。
occupation n.工作，职业；消遣；侵占，占领期；使用
【教材原句】　It generally prepares people to work in a specific occupation by teaching theory in the classroom and offering hands-on training in the workplace.
它通常通过在课堂上教授理论和在工作场所提供实践培训，让人们在特定职业中工作作好准备。
【用法】
（1）occupy vt.　　占用，使用；占领，侵占；使忙于 occupy oneself （in） doing sth/with sth 忙着做某事/忙于某事 （2）occupied adj. 已被占用的；无空闲的；在使用中的；被占领的 be occupied （in） doing sth/with sth 忙着做某事/忙于某事
【佳句】　What do you imagine will be your future occupation？
你认为自己将来会从事什么职业呢？
One of his occupations is fishing， which occupies most of his spare time.他的业余活动之一是钓鱼，这占用了他大部分的空闲时间。
【联想】　表示“忙于做某事”的其他表达
be busy doing sth、be busy with sth、be engaged in doing sth
【练透】　单句语法填空
①　　　　　　 （occupy） with my assignments， I can’t go shopping with mother this morning.
②Choosing an 　　　　　　（occupy） takes time， and there are a lot of things you have to think about.
【写美】　句式升级
③Because they were occupied （in） making and selling popcorn， they spared no time to play around.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， they spared no time to play around.（动词-ing短语作状语）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， they spared no time to play around.（过去分词短语作状语）
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1、2　4　3、5　6
即时演练1
①SV　②SVA　③SVO　④SVP　⑤存现句　⑥SVOA　⑦SVOO
即时演练2
①but　②and　③and　④while　⑤so
即时演练3
①where the Yangtze River and the Han River meet
②Because I like it　③Whatever/No matter what I suggest　④as if/though nothing had happened　⑤when we’ll go to the zoo， but he doesn’t know
【核心知识·巧突破】
　①Occupied　②occupation　③Occupying themselves （in） making and selling popcorn； Occupied （in） making and selling popcorn
5 / 6(共88张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
核心知识·巧突破
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法 · 要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
复杂句分析
阅读下列句子并思考各个句子的类型。
1. Vocational education is not a new idea.
2. It generally prepares people to work in a specific occupation by
teaching theory in the classroom and offering hands-on training in the
workplace.
3. Vocational education is no less important than academic education
because it can qualify applicants to work in a particular field.
4. In today’s rapidly developing society， vocational education is
becoming more and more valuable and it gives applicants an advantage
in the job market.
5. For example， motor repair is one field that allows for such career
development.
6. According to one vocational school student， they are now encouraged
to “learn by doing” and “learn through trial and error”， and they
focus more on how to complete an assignment rather than just
memorizing what teachers say in class.
【我的发现】
以上例句中，句 为简单句；句 为并列句；句
为主从复合句；句 为并列主从复合句。
1、2　
4　
3、5　
6　
　　英语中的句子按照句子结构可分为四类：简单句、并列句、主从
复合句和并列主从复合句。
一、简单句
含有一个主谓结构的句子称为简单句。有时，简单句包含很多修饰
语，这使句子变得很长。要准确理解句子，需要厘清句子的结构，找
到主语和谓语。
主谓：主语＋谓语
（SV） The rain stopped.雨停了。
　主语　 谓语
主谓宾：主语＋谓
语＋宾语（SVO） He　enjoys　reading.
主语　谓语　 宾语　
他喜欢读书。
主系表：主语＋连
系动词＋表语
（SVP） This　is　an English-Chinese dictionary.
主语 连系动词　　　表语
这是一本英汉词典。
主谓宾宾：主语＋
谓语＋间接宾语＋
直接宾语
（SVOO） My mother bought me　a dictionary.
　主语　　谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
我妈妈给我买了一本词典。
主谓宾补：主语＋
谓语＋宾语＋宾语
补语（SVOC） They painted the door　green.
主语　 谓语　 宾语 　宾语补语
他们把门刷成了绿色。
He　 asked　 me　to come back soon.
主语 谓语　宾语　　宾语补语
他让我快点回来。
I　heard　 him　singing a song.
主语 谓语　 宾语　宾语补语
我听到他在唱歌。
主谓状：主语＋谓语＋
状语（SVA） The sun rises in the east.
　主语　谓语　 状语
太阳从东方升起。
主谓宾状：主语＋谓语
＋宾语＋状语
（SVOA） He　put the coffee on the table.
主语 谓语　 宾语　　 状语
他把咖啡放在了桌子上。
存现句：引导词there引
导的句子 There are many customers in the shop.
　　谓语　　主语　　　　状语
商店里有很多顾客。
【即时演练1】 写出下列句子的句子结构
①What he said does not matter.
②His parents have worked in the company for ten years.
③They haven’t decided when and where to hold the party.
④The old couple seemed very happy together.
⑤There are 45 students in our class.
⑥I want to have a cup of tea very much.
⑦She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
SV　
SVA　
SVO　
SVP　
存现句　
SVOA　
SVOO　
二、并列句
并列句是指由并列连词连接的两个或更多的分句构成的句子，常见的
并列连词有 and、or、but 等。要准确理解并列句，需要找到并列连
词，弄清楚各分句之间的关系。
连词 举例
并列关系 and、both ...and、as well as、not only ...but （also）、
neither ...nor
转折关系 but、however、while、still、yet
选择关系 or、whether ...or、either ...or 、
not ...but
因果关系 for、so/so that、therefore、because
固定句式 祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句；when作并列连词，意为“这
时，那时”
The sky suddenly went dark and it started to rain.（并列关系）
天空骤然转暗，随即下起雨来。
I’d asked everybody but only two people came.（转折关系）
每个人我都请了，却只来了两个人。
Take the chance， or you will regret it.（转折关系）
抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。
You’d better take an umbrella， for it is going to rain.（因果关系）
你最好带把伞，因为要下雨了。
He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.（be
about to do ...when ）
他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。
Hurry up， or you’ll be late again.（祈使句＋or＋陈述句）
快点，否则你会再迟到。
【即时演练2】　选词填空（and， but， or， so， while， for）
①I was glad to meet Jenny again， I didn’t want to spend all
day with her.
②Think it over， you’ll find a way out.
③One day， I was late， my teacher was angry.
④He fell in love with the girl he was on a visit to New York.
⑤They have different ideas， they have solved the problem in
different ways.
but　
and　
and　
while　
so　
三、主从复合句
主从复合句是指含有从句的复合句。要准确理解主从复合句，需要分
析句子结构，找到主句和从句，并识别从句的种类。
定语 从句 限制性定语从
句 Those who want to go please sign their names
here.想去的人请在这里签名。
非限制性定语
从句 We will put off the outing until the next week，
when we won’t be so busy.
我们将把郊游推迟到下周，那时我们就不那
么忙了。
类型 分类 例句
名词
性 从句 主语从句 Whether he will come or not is still unknown.
他是否会来还不知道。
宾语从句 Please tell me whether or not you agree with
him.
请告诉我你是否同意他（的观点）。
表语从句 This is where I don’t agree.
这是我不赞同的地方。
同位语从句 I have no idea when she will be back.
我不知道她会什么时候回来。
类型 分类 例句
状语 从句 时间状语从句 I met him when I was walking in the park.
我在公园里散步时遇到了他。
原因状语从句 Now that you are all here， let’s try and reach
a decision.
既然你们都来了，让我们试着作出决定。
类型 分类 例句
状 语 从 句 目的状 语从句 We sent the letter by air mail in order that it
might reach them in good time.
我们用航空邮件邮寄这封信，以便他们能及
时收到。
结果状 语从句 Bring it near so that I may see it better.
把它拿近一点，好让我看得更清楚。
类型 分类 例句
状 语 从 句 条件状 语从句 As long as we don’t lose heart， we will find
a way to overcome the difficulty.
只要我们不泄气，就会找到克服困难的方
法。
让步状 语从句 Though we fight like cat and dog， we still
love each other.
虽然我们像猫狗一样打架，但我们仍然彼此
相爱。
类型 分类 例句
状 语 从 句 比较状 语从句 She is still as active as she used to be.
她仍然像以前一样活跃。
方式状 语从句 He speaks as if there were a frog in his throat.
他说起话来好像喉咙里有只青蛙。
四、并列主从复合句
有些句子既包括并列分句，又含有从句，我们称之为并列主从复合
句。要准确理解这种复杂的句子，需要分析句子结构，弄清楚各分句
以及主从句之间的逻辑关系。
（1）Some people know what they want to do from a young age， but
more people just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads.
有的人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一
些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。
句式分析：这是由转折连词but连接的并列主从复合句，表达前后两种
情况的对比。前半部分是“主谓宾状”结构，其中含有what引导的宾
语从句；后半部分是“主谓宾”结构，其中的bouncing around in their
heads作后置定语修饰ideas。
（2）But by any criteria this work is worth it to us as well， because it
shows that we are global citizens interested in world stability， and
that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a
community with a shared future for mankind.
但以任何标准来看，这项工作对我们都是值得的；因为它表
明，我们是关注世界稳定的全球公民，我们对他人负有责任，
我们为构建人类命运共同体作好了准备。
句式分析：这是一个并列主从复合句。第一层从because分开，前面的
主句为“主系表”结构，because后面直到句尾是一个“主谓宾”结构
的原因状语从句，用来说明“这项工作对我们都是值得的”的理由。
第二层，原因状语从句内部包含两个由that引导的宾语从句，作show
的宾语。第三层，两个that引导的宾语从句是并列关系，也都是“主
系表”结构。
【即时演练3】　完成句子
①Wuhan lies .
武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。
② ， I do it.
因为我喜欢，所以我才干。
③ ， he always disagrees.
无论我建议什么，他总是不同意。
④He acted .
他装得似乎什么事也未发生过。
⑤I ask him .
我问他我们什么时候去动物园，但他不知道。
where the Yangtze River and the Han River meet　
Because I like it　
Whatever/No matter what I suggest　
as if/though nothing had happened　
when we’ll go to the zoo， but he doesn’t know　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
2
occupation n.工作，职业；消遣；侵占，占领期；使用
【教材原句】　It generally prepares people to work in a specific
occupation by teaching theory in the classroom and offering hands-on
training in the workplace.
它通常通过在课堂上教授理论和在工作场所提供实践培训，让人们在
特定职业中工作作好准备。
【用法】
（1）occupy vt.　　占用，使用；占领，侵占；使忙于
occupy oneself （in） doing sth/with sth　　忙着做某事/忙于某事
（2）occupied adj.　　已被占用的；无空闲的；在使用中的；被占
领的
be occupied （in） doing sth/with sth　　忙着做某事/忙于某事
【佳句】　What do you imagine will be your future occupation？你认为
自己将来会从事什么职业呢？
One of his occupations is fishing， which occupies most of his spare
time.他的业余活动之一是钓鱼，这占用了他大部分的空闲时间。
【联想】　表示“忙于做某事”的其他表达
be busy doing sth、be busy with sth、be engaged in doing sth
【练透】　单句语法填空
① （occupy） with my assignments， I can’t go
shopping with mother this morning.
②Choosing an （occupy） takes time， and there are a
lot of things you have to think about.
Occupied　
occupation　
【写美】　句式升级
③Because they were occupied （in） making and selling popcorn， they
spared no time to play around.
→ ， they
spared no time to play around.（动词-ing短语作状语）
→ ， they spared no
time to play around.（过去分词短语作状语）
Occupying themselves （in） making and selling popcorn　
Occupied （in） making and selling popcorn　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
判断下面短文中句首标序号的类型并将其归类。
　　①International students can’t often return home for the holidays，
but Brock University is among schools in Canada with programs that help
keep their spirits alive during their time off.②Brock hosts winter
programs that reach out to students who may feel alone or detached （分
离的） from their families so that they can enjoy warm meals and share
holiday traditions.
　　In 2021， Brock had about 1，900 international students.③The
school’s international office said hundreds of them often remain in
Canada for the holidays.④Being away from home can get quite tough at
times； however， occasions like this make them feel at home.
　　Harsh Patel， a Master of Business Administration student， was
born in Kenya and grew up in India.⑤Last year， he couldn’t return
home， with the high cost of plane tickets and just a two-week break
between terms.Therefore， he took part in Brock’s Home for the holiday
program， which started in 2010 and has since become an annual
program.⑥As part of the program， faculty （全体教师） members host
events for students， whether it be a movie night， tea time or a Christmas
dinner party.
1. 简单句：
2. 并列句：
3. 主从复合句：
4. 并列主从复合句：
⑤　
④　
②③⑥　
①　
维度二：语法与写作
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. I don’t believe her， .
我不相信她，尽管她说的是真的。
2. He didn’t sign up for the interview，
.
他没有报名参加面试，这使他失去了一份高薪工作。
while what she said is true　
which cost him a well-paid
job　
3. ， we should spare some
time for our family every day.
不管多忙，我们都应该每天给家人腾出些时间来。
However/No matter how busy we are　
4. My hairstyle hasn’t changed much .
从5岁起我的发型一直没大变化。
since I was five　
5. You had better take a taxi .
你最好打车，否则你会迟到的。
6. travelling broadens one’s horizons and
increases one’s knowledge.
毫无疑问，旅行使人开阔眼界，增长知识。
or you will be late　
There is no doubt that　
7. at the foot of the mountain.
山脚下有一个小池塘。
There is a small pool　
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用适当的连词填空。
　　Knowledge economy age is an age 1. new knowledge
emerges much faster than ever before.Therefore， everyone should
renew his or her knowledge， 2. he or she will be
left behind in the society.
when　
otherwise/or　
　　There 3. （be） some ways to update knowledge.On the
one hand， one can attend different courses at all types of schools，
either part-time 4. full-time.On the other hand， self-study is a
more convenient and practical method by 5. one can
effectively renew his or her knowledge.
　　6. I am busy doing daily work， I still
insist on teaching myself at night.In this way， I can not only keep up
with the swift development of society 7. also apply new
knowledge to my practical work， 8. benefits me a lot.
are　
or　
which　
Although/Though/While　
but　
which　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Museums have long tried to straddle （横跨） the line between being
educational institutions and being spaces recognized for their high-class
exhibits and collections， but a new industry trend may help change the
way the general public interacts with museums.
　　On paper， the museum created by MICRO doesn’t seem as if it
would make a splash.MICRO’s first exhibit space is tiny — about the
size of a vending machine （自动售货机） — and highly specialized.It
focuses entirely on one subject： mollusks （软体动物）.So why has it
earned high praise from almost everyone？
　　This museum-in-a-box， created by MICRO founders Amanda
Schochet and Charles Philipp， has some attention-drawing aspects.Its
contents include a 3D-printed octopus （章鱼） brain and videos of
various other mollusk species.In order to explain the unique sensory
capabilities of species like an octopus， the creators used tiny human
figures with sensory receptors all over their body， in roughly the same
places as mollusks.The design of the mollusk museum is undeniably
creative， but the most innovative characteristic might be its
location.Because of its size， the museum can be moved quickly and
easily using nothing more than a standard-sized SUV.
The first box started its run at the main branch of the Brooklyn Public
Library.The placement of this first box in one of the “other” boroughs
（区） of New York was not random.MICRO seeks to make exhibits
more accessible in places with fewer museums.In addition to the library，
the organization has installed or plans to install boxes in community
centers and in the Ronald McDonald House， among other places.
　　By downsizing its exhibits， MICRO seems to be changing the way
that people interact with museums.“We believe that informal learning
environments， like the Ronald McDonald House， can be incredibly
powerful because of the element of surprise and the element of
discovery，” said Charles Philipp.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一家公司研发的微
型博物馆，旨在让更多人有机会参观博物馆，让学习在不经意间。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一家公司研发的微
型博物馆，旨在让更多人有机会参观博物馆，让学习在不经意间发生。
1. What does the underlined part “make a splash” in Paragraph 2
mean？（　　）
A. Provide useful advice.
B. Promote a good deed.
C. Earn a large profit.
D. Draw much attention.
解析：　词义猜测题。第三段首句衔接第二段内容，make a
splash与第二段末句中的earned high praise from almost everyone及第
三段首句中的has some attention-drawing aspects意义相近，意为
“引起很大关注”。
2. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A. Explain the question asked in the previous paragraph.
B. Provide the motivation for writing the text.
C. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
D. Add some background information.
解析：　推理判断题。作者在第二段末句提出问题：到底是什么
让该博物馆赢得大众的普遍赞誉？第三段是为解释该问题服务的；
第三段谈到该博物馆为了向人们解释软体动物的奥秘下了大功夫，
还谈到其选址的独特性：由于规格较小，可以随时移动，可在公共
机构设置此类博物馆。
3. Where is MICRO more likely to install its museums？（　　）
A. In places that are thinly-populated.
B. In places with few community centers.
C. In places where many mollusks gather.
D. In places with a small number of museums.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段中的MICRO seeks to make
exhibits more accessible in places with fewer museums.可知，MICRO
选址时更倾向于考虑博物馆比较少的地方，以满足这些区域的人们
对展览的需求。
4. What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A. Big Ideas， Tiny Museums
B. Museums， Where Learning Occurs
C. Informal Learning， Good Learning
D. MICRO， Where You Encounter Mollusks
解析：　标题归纳题。文章介绍了MICRO公司的微型博物馆，旨
在让更多人有机会参观博物馆，让学习在不经意间发生。A项作标
题最能概括文意。A项中的Tiny Museums指MICRO公司开发的这种
自动售货机大小的博物馆，Big Ideas指MICRO公司的愿景。
B
　　It’s no secret that college is expensive.I received financial aid，
and I was able to cover the cost of enrollment， books， supplies， course
materials， and additional school-related fees.But I could not afford
housing， transportation， food， healthcare， or other basic
necessities.The longer each semester went on， the harder the choices
became.
　　When spring semester ended that first year at college， I had good
grades， but I did not have two quarters to my name.I decided that if I
could afford to be a full-time student， I would need to work a full-time
job.Soon， I started working at the airport as a cleaner of aircraft
cabins.My first shift at the airport was a graveyard shift， where I detailed
aircraft of varying sizes.During this total night shift， I had to do “deep
cleaning”， which meant cleaning everything and even I had to check
every safety compartment and replace any missing items.This could be
disgusting work.
　　Another fact that upset me a lot was that working at the airport and
going to school did not fit easily together.Some days I was too exhausted
after a night shift to get to class.Other days I didn’t have time to
complete school assignments owing to a busy workday.At the end of the
fall semester， I received a final warning for my attendance at my
job.Once again， I was between a rock and a hard place and had to make
a decision.I wanted to go to school and excel， but I had also grown
accustomed to financially supporting myself.
　　Ultimately， I chose to temporarily stop going to school and to
continue working， a decision I would later regret.The airline closed for
various reasons.I felt stupid.I had put a lot into this job， even sacrificing
my education， and now I would have neither job nor education.I’d
finally learned what my grandmother meant when she once said that your
job is temporary， and your education is forever.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。为了负担得起成为一名全日制学
生，作者开始做一份全职工作，结果因为出勤率问题收到了最后一
次警告，只能选择暂时停止上学，继续工作。后来公司关闭了，作
者为自己的决定感到后悔。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。为了负担得起成为一名全日制学
生，作者开始做一份全职工作，结果因为出勤率问题收到了最后一
次警告，只能选择暂时停止上学，继续工作。后来公司关闭了，作
者为自己的决定感到后悔。
5. What can we infer about the author from Paragraph 1？（　　）
A. He met with a long boring semester.
B. Food accounted for his biggest expense.
C. He left himself financially embarrassed.
D. His financial aid could cover his necessities.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，作者得到了经济援
助，能够负担得起入学费用、书籍、用品、课程材料和其他与学校
相关的费用，但负担不起住房、交通、食物、医疗和其他基本生活
必需品。由此可推知，作者在经济上陷入困境。
6. What does the underlined word “detailed” in Paragraph 2 most
probably mean？（　　）
A. Cleaned. B. Listed.
C. Repaired. D. Replaced.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，作者很快开始在机
场做飞机客舱清洁工，因此在机场的第一个夜班，作者就要清理各
种大小的飞机。由此可知，画线词意为“清理”。
7. Which of the following best describes the author in Paragraph 3？（　）
A. Confused. B. Critical.
C. Decisive. D. Diligent.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，在机场工作和上学
不太容易兼顾。在秋季学期结束时，作者因为出勤率问题收到了最
后一次警告。作者又一次处于进退两难的境地，不得不作出决定。
作者想去上学，取得优异成绩，但也已经习惯了在经济上养活自
己。由此可推知，作者很困惑。
8. What is conveyed in the text？（　　）
A. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.
B. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
C. One should be financially supported by himself.
D. The significance of schooling should be recognised.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者为工作付出
了很多，甚至牺牲了自己的教育，现在作者将既没有工作也没有教
育。作者终于明白了祖母曾经说过的一句话：你的工作是暂时的，
而你所受的教育是永远的。由此可推知，学校教育的重要性应该得
到承认。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Whether you’re in high school or college， classes will be over in a
few short months.If you’d like to work this summer， have you started
looking for a job？ If not， now’s the time to search for positions， fill
out applications， and get yourself hired.To get the process started，
follow our tips below.
　　 Make or update your resume （简历）.Even if potential positions
require you to submit an application， some may also ask for an
accompanying resume. 9.（　　） You can also use free online tools to
easily create a resume in minutes.
　　 Look ahead.10.（　　） Think forward to your hopes for the
future， and try to find a position that might help you develop relevant
skills or make helpful contacts.
　　 Drop by.If there’s a certain place where you’re interested in
working， put on an appropriate outfit （装束）， get your resume in
hand， and drop by.11.（　　） Be ready to give your 30-second speech
that answers two questions：“Why do you want to work here？” and
“Why should I hire you？”
　　 12.（　　） You might need to provide references to a potential
employer， so chat with former bosses， current mentors （导师）， and
anyone else you want to include on your list.
　　Remember， it’s important to get started on the summer job search
now， as so many others will be looking for seasonal work.13.（　　）
Keep looking for opportunities， using your networks， and thinking
creatively.Soon you’ll have something lined up to keep you busy and
earn you money for the summer months.
A. Get your references lined up.
B. Ask to speak with the manager.
C. Contact former employers immediately.
D. What do you want to do after you graduate from college？
E. It might make sense for you to stay in your college town or city.
F. Drop by the career services office at your school for resume help.
G. And don’t get discouraged if you can’t find something
immediately.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章为有意打暑期工的学生提供了
一些建议。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章为有意打暑期工的学生提供了
一些建议。
9. F　根据本段主题句可知，本段内容围绕resume 展开。设空处
下一句中的also提示设空处与空后一句为递进关系，F项（去学校
职业服务中心寻求简历方面的帮助）及设空处下一句“你也可以
使用免费的网络工具轻松创建一份简历”为制作简历的两种方
法。故F项符合语境。
10. D　根据本段小标题及设空处下一句可知，本段围绕毕业之后正
式就业的事情展开。D项（你大学毕业后想要做什么？）与本段主题
相符，建议读者在找暑期工作时，应该将眼光放长远些，最好找对以
后正式就业有帮助的职位，为以后的正式就业打基础。
11. B　设空处上一句中的drop by、B项、设空处下一句中的give your
30-second speech为按照时间顺序发生的三个动作，这一连串动作将上
下文衔接起来。
12. A　设空处为本段小标题，结合本段内容可知，本段围绕“工作
推荐人、介绍人”展开。A项符合语境。A项中的references与本段中
的references构成原词复现；本段中的former bosses、current mentors是
references的具体人选。
13. G　G项中的can’t find something immediately与设空处下一句中
的Keep looking for opportunities形成反义关系，将上下文衔接起来。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Two afternoons a week， Mikala Tardy walks six blocks from Eastern
High School to Payne Elementary School.She 　14　 at the front desk
just after 3：30 p.m.and makes her way to a 　15　， where she’ll be
teaching second-and third-graders who are full of energy after the school
day.
　　Mikala， a senior at Eastern High， 　16　 this work back in the
ninth grade.It’s run by Reach， a Washington， D. C. nonprofit， that
trains high school 　17　 like her to be reading tutors for elementary
school students.It’s a tutoring program that works in two 　18　.It’s
serving a vital need in the city： Two-thirds of students in D. C. public
schools can’t 　19　 and write at grade level when they start high
school.Reach 　20　 these older students to become better readers — by
giving them the tools to teach younger kids.
　　Tutoring programs that 　21　 younger and older students
are 　22　.But most rely on 　23　 students.Reach turns the 　24　 on
its head： Most of the teenage tutors start the 　25　 reading between the
fourth-and sixth-grade level.The tutors 　26　 training in literacy （读写
能力） instruction and they’re 　27　 as role models.Mikala Tardy says
she 　28　 reading a lot more than she did when she started almost four
years ago.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了高中生教小学生阅读，
在此过程中，双方的阅读水平都得到了提升。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了高中生教小学生阅读，
在此过程中，双方的阅读水平都得到了提升。
14. A. checks out B. wakes up
C. sits down D. signs in
解析：　根据下文the front desk和she’ll be teaching second-and
third-graders可知，Mikala在前台登记后，走到教室。
15. A. park B. classroom
C. hospital D. library
解析：　参见上题解析。
16. A. reported B. left
C. began D. created
解析：　根据上文a senior at Eastern High和下文back in the ninth
grade可知，Mikala现在是高中生，因此她从九年级开始这份工
作。末段中的when she started almost four years ago也是提示。
17. A. teachers B. students
C. players D. foreigners
解析：　根据上文Mikala， a senior at Eastern High和空后的like
her可知，这里指像Mikala一样的高中生。
18. A. schools B. communities
C. periods D. directions
解析：　根据空后两句可知，这是两个方面，表示Reach这个非
营利机构既帮助读写能力差的学生，与此同时也让教他们的老师
（高年级的学生）受益。
19. A. paint B. speak C. read D. sing
解析：　根据上文to be reading tutors for elementary school
students可知，此处指华盛顿特区公立学校三分之二的学生在上高
中时，不具备与年级水平相对应的阅读或写作能力。
20. A. forces B. helps
C. asks D. reminds
解析：　破折号后的by giving them the tools to teach younger kids
解释说明其前的内容，因此，Reach帮助这些高年级学生成为更好
的阅读者。这里体现的是“教学相长”的思想，即教别人的同时
也提升了自己。
21. A. turn down B. pay back
C. pair up D. look into
解析：　根据上文trains high school ...to be reading tutors for
elementary school students可知，很显然，这里的教师项目是将低
年级和高年级学生进行配对。
22. A. common B. interesting
C. annoying D. ambitious
解析：　根据该空后的But most以及接下来介绍Reach的不同做
法可知，类似这种配对的教师项目很常见。
23. A. full-grown B. so-called
C. high-achieving D. fun-loving
解析：　下文Most of the teenage tutors ...reading between the
fourth-and sixth-grade level.是解答本题的关键信息，同类项目中
的青少年教师都成绩优秀，而Reach开展的这个项目中，所选的青
少年教师本身阅读水平并不高，因此四个选项中只有high-
achieving与之构成对比，符合语境。
24. A. idea B. excuse
C. habit D. question
解析：　冒号后的内容具体介绍Reach的做法。turn sth on its
head意为“颠倒某事物预期的顺序”。
25. A. test B. competition
C. meeting D. program
解析：　根据上文this work、a tutoring program、Tutoring
programs可知，此处指这个教师项目。
26. A. refuse B. receive
C. offer D. discover
解析：　根据tutors和training并结合上文trains high school ...可
知，这些教师都是高中生，且阅读水平并不是很高，因此他们要
接受读写能力指导的培训。
27. A. positioned B. corrected
C. protected D. included
解析：　根据下文role models可知，这些教师被定位为榜样。
28. A. enjoys B. suggests
C. explains D. imagines
解析：　reading a lot more than she did when she started almost
four years ago是Mikala Tardy参加这个教师项目以来的变化和收
获，由此可知，她比之前更喜欢阅读了。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　Professor Stephen McNair has spent half a lifetime proving that it’s
better to be happy than rich， a state best 29. 　　　　　　 （achieve）
through lifelong learning.
　　84-year-old Jim Kelly has in recent years devoted himself to learning
a wide range 30. 　　　　　　 subjects — everything from gardening to
history.After school days interrupted by poverty， his impetus （动力）
to study came from his granddaughter Becky 31. 　　　　　　， as a
two-year-old， grew frustrated （挫败的） with his inability
32. 　　　　　　 （answer） her questions.“Don’t you know
anything grandad？” she would ask.Now， 14 years later， he tells
33. 　　　　　　 teenager he’s pleased she asked that question.
　　Maria Tolly is a 78-year-old Londoner.In 1989， health problems
spelled an end to her career as a professional guitarist， until her
commitment to making music 34. 　　　　　　 （restore） by specialist
music technology courses at Morley College London and the City
Lit.“Studying at both institutions has proved that age is
35. 　　　　　　 （relevant） — I feel so connected to life thanks to a
36. 　　　　　　 （combine） of forgetting my age and realising how
much I still have to learn.” Soon she had job opportunities 37. 　　　　　　
（range） from after-school dance groups to composing a song for the
100th anniversary （周年纪念日） of her local park.
　　McNair says that in all the guidance about wellbeing， education is
central， and it is 38. 　　　　　 （particular） important for those in
the latter stages of life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习给老年人带来的积
极影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习给老年人带来的积
极影响。
29. achieved　考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语修饰a state，又因
achieve与a state之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填achieved。
30. of　考查固定搭配。a wide range of是固定搭配，表示“范围广泛
的”。故填of。
31. that/who　考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行
词his granddaughter Becky，且在从句中作主语，故填that/who。
32. to answer　考查非谓语动词。one’s inability to do sth是固定搭
配，表示“某人不能做某事”，故填to answer。
33. the　考查冠词。设空处表示特指，the teenager特指上文中提到的
his granddaughter Becky，故填定冠词the。
34. was restored　考查动词的时态和语态。根据设空处前的In 1989可
知，设空处应用一般过去时，又因her commitment to making music与
restore之间为被动关系，故填was restored。
35. irrelevant　考查词形转换。设空处在句中作表语，且根据语境可
以推断出设空处应表示“无关的，不相干的”，故填irrelevant。
bination　考查名词。设空处前有冠词修饰，设空处后为介词
of，故填名词combination。
37. ranging　考查非谓语动词。设空处为range from ...to ...结构，
作后置定语，修饰名词短语job opportunities，且job opportunities与
range之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填ranging。
38. particularly　考查词形转换。设空处作状语，修饰形容词
important，应用副词，表示“特别地，尤其”，故填particularly。
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