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2026届高考英语复习语法填空能力提升专练之中国地理概况专篇
A
Located in the east of the Asian continent, on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean, the PRC has a land area of about 9.6 million square kilometres, and is the third 1. (large) country in the world, next only 2. Russia and Canada.
From north to south, the territory of China stretches from the midpoint of the Heilongjiang River, north of the town of Mohe, to Zengmu'ansha at the southernmost tip of the Nansha Islands. From west to east, the country extends from 3. (it) westernmost point on the Pamir Plateau to the confluence of the Heilongjiang River and Wusulijiang River.
China 4. (border) by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, the Republic of Korea, Japan, the Philippines, Brunei.
The Chinese mainland is flanked to the east and south by the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea. 5. total of 5,400 islands scatter across the seas. The largest of these is the Taiwan Island. The Diaoyu Island and Chiwei Island are located to the northeast of the Taiwan Island. China’s southernmost island groups are called the Dongsha, Xisha, Zhongsha, Nansha and Zengmu'ansha.
China is a country of varied topographical features with highlands in the west and plains in the east. Mountainous land and very rough terrains make up about 67% of Chinese territory; basins and plains about 33%.
Taking a bird’s-eye view of China, the terrain gradually descends from west to east like four 6. (step) of a staircase.The first step is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in southwest China. With an average elevation of between 4,000 metres and 5,000 metres, it is known as the “Roof of the World”. Its highest peak is called Mount Qomolangma. The 7. (surround) snow-capped mountains are the origins of many of China’s great rivers.
The second step 8. (include) the Inner Mongolia Plateau, Loess Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin and Sichuan Basin, with an average elevation of between 1,000 metres and 2,000 metres.
Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world, 9. lies in the Himalayas, adjoining the border of China and Nepal. Mount Qomolangma was first climbed in 1953 by Edmund Hillary, from New Zealand, and Tenzing Norgay, from Nepal, who were members of a British team. People sometimes mention the name “Qomolangma” when they are talking about an 10. (extreme) high mountain.
B
The third step, dropping to 500—1,000 metres in elevation, begins at a line 1.
(draw) around the Greater Hinggan, Taihang, Wushan and Xuefeng mountain ranges and extends eastwards to the coast of the Pacific Ocean.
Here, from north to south, are the Northeast Plain, North China Plain and Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain. Interspersed amongst the plains are hills and foothills.
East of the third step is the fourth step of the staircase formed by the shallow waters of the continental shelf, 2. extension of the land into the ocean. The water here is 3. (most) less than 200 metres deep.
China abounds with rivers. Most of the large rivers have their source on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and drop greatly between source and mouth. 4. a result, China is rich in water-power resources, 5. the world in hydropower potential.
China’s rivers can be categorised as exterior and interior systems. The catchment area of the exterior rivers that empty into the oceans accounts for 64% of the country’s total land area. The catchment area of the interior rivers 6. flow into inland lakes or disappear into deserts or salt marshes makes up about 36% of China’s total land area.
The Yangtze River is the longest river in China (6,300 kilometres), and the third longest river in the world. 7. (it) source is in the Tanggula Mountains on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It flows through 11 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. The Yangtze River is one of the main arteries of water transportation between eastern and western China. Many important ports and economic centres 8.
(locate) along it.
China’s 9. (two) longest river, the Yellow River, originates in Qinghai province and flows 5,464 kilometres to the Bohai Sea. As the most heavily silt-laden river in the world, the Yellow River has formed a raised-bed river in the lower reaches. The Yellow River is seen as the cradle of Chinese civilisation and the 10. (spirit) home of the Chinese people.
C
Scattered throughout China are more than 2,800 natural lakes each 1.
(have) a surface area of over one square kilometre. Most of 2. are found on the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Freshwater lakes such as the Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, Taihu Lake and Hongze Lake mostly lie in the former area, while in the latter are saltwater lakes such as the Qinghai Lake and Nam Co Lake. The Poyang Lake, in the north of Jiangxi province, is 3. largest of its kind. The Qinghai Lake, in northeast Qinghai province, is the largest saltwater lake in China.
Apart from the 4. (nature) rivers and lakes, there are also many man - made canals. The most famous is the Grand Canal between Beijing and Hangzhou, more than 1,700 kilometres in 5. (long). It passes through two cities (Beijing and Tianjin) and four provinces (Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang) 6.
links five major rivers - the Haihe River, the Yellow River, the Huaihe River, the Yangtze River and the Qiantangjiang River. The canal was open to navigation over 1,000 years ago. It played 7. important role in facilitating trade between south and the north and was regarded 8. the country’s transportation and information “highway” before the advent of the railway.
Today, some of the canal’s sections 9. (widen), deepened or straightened out, and some water conservancy and ship locks have been added. This old canal still 10. (provide) water transportation from north to south, irrigation water for the farmland on both sides, and cruise tours to the travellers from home and abroad.
D
Most of China lies in the north temperate zone, 1. (characterize) by a warm climate and distinctive seasons, a climate well suited for habitation.
Most of China has a marked continental monsoon climate characterised by variety. From September to April the following year, the dry and cold winter monsoons blow from Siberia and Mongolian Plateau, 2. (result) in cold and dry winters and great temperature difference between northern and southern China. From April to September, warm and humid summer monsoons blow from the seas in the east and south, resulting in overall high temperature and plentiful rainfall, and little temperature difference between northern and southern China.
In terms of temperature, the country can be sectored from south to north into the tropical zone, the subtropical zone, the warm - temperate zone, the temperate zone, the cold - temperate zone, and the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau zone. Precipitation gradually declines from the southeastern to the northwestern inland area. In southeastern coastal areas, it 3. (reach) over 1,500 millimetres, while in northwestern areas, it drops 4. below 200 millimetres.
There are thousands of mountains in China. 5. it comes to China’s famous mountains, the most famous ones are the “Five Great Mountains”.Five Yue means “Great Mountain” and “Five Great Mountains” 6. (specific) refer to Mount Tai, Mount Hua, Mount Heng, Hengshan Mountain and Mount Song .
Among them, “Dongyue” Mount Tai is the head of the “Five Great Mountains”and has the reputation of the No.1 mountain in the world. “Xiyue” Mount Hua is the most dangerous mountain in the “Five Great Mountains”. Since ancient times, there 7. (be) a saying that it is the most dangerous mountain in the world. Located on the eastern mountainside of the south peak, the Changkong Trestle is the most dangerous part and is known as “the first natural barrier of Mount Hua”.
“Nanyue” Mount Heng is near the shore of Xiangjiang River. It has lush forestsand beautiful scenery. It enjoys 9. reputation of “the most graceful of the Five Great Mountains”. Mount Heng is a famous Taoist and Buddhist holy place in China, with more than 200 Buddhist temples, nunneries and Taoist temples. The main peaks are Huiyan Peak, Zhurong Peak, Zigai Peak and Yuelu Mountain. The highest peak is Zhurong Peak at 1,300.2 meters above sea level. “Zhongyue” Mount Song is characterized by the word “profound”. Mount Song is an important barrier to the east of Luoyang, the ancient capital city. It has a profound 9. (culture) background and is the birthplace of the Chan Sector of Chinese Buddhism and the holy place of Taoism.“Beiyue” Hengshan Mountain has become a place for military strategists to contend for because of 10. (it) precipitous terrain and geographical location.
附：参考答案：
A:1.largest;2.to;3.its;4.is bordered;5.A;6.steps;7.surrounding;8.includes;9.which;
10.extremely.
B:1.drawn;2.an;3.mostly;4.As;5.leading;6.that/which;7.Its;8.are located;9.second;
10.spiritual.
C:1.having;2.which;3.the;4.natural;5.length;6.and;7.an;8.as;9.have been widened;
10.provides.
D:1.characterized;2.resulting;3.reaches;4.to;5.When;6.specifically;7.has been;
8.the;9.cultural;10.its.

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