资源简介

(共24张PPT)
Unit 4 Inventions
主题范畴：
人与社会
主题群：
科学与技术
子主题：
科学技术与工程，人类发明与创新
Key question
What makes an invention great
know something about the development of the steam engine；
learn to draw a timeline to describe the invention and improvement process of an invention;
design my own invention.
Learning objectives 学习目标
At the end of the class, I’ll be able to:
Lead-in
Look at the video and tell me what it is about!
Industrial Revolution
Cross-curricular connection| Physical science*
The steam engine
Thomas Newcomen and the invention of the first steam engine
This is the Newcomen’s engine, which was invented in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen. With its use of a piston (活塞), cylinder (气缸) and boiler (汽锅), it was the very first steam engine. Newcomen invented it to help people mine for metals and coal at greater depths.
Inventions often go through several stages of development before they become popular.
Watt’s improvement of Newcomen’s design
This new steam engine could be used in many more ways. It could power trains and ships, and it could also be used in factories.
People often consider James Watt the inventor of the steam engine. Few people know that he simply improved on Thomas Newcomen’s original design. Watt’s improvement to Newcomen’s design increased the power of the engine.
The steam engine and the Industrial Revolution
Watt added wheels and cogs (齿轮) to his steam engine, and this made it useful in trains and steamboats. His invention in turn played a huge role in what is now known as the Industrial Revolution.
Interesting facts:
James Watt invented the term “horsepower”. He recorded the weight a group of ponies could lift. This became a single unit. He then compared this to the weight his steam engine could lift. This made his machine’s power sound even more impressive!
The unit of power known as the “watt” is also named after James Watt.
Intensive reading
Thomas Newcomen and the invention of the first steam engine
This is the Newcomen’s engine, which was invented in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen. With its use of a piston (活塞), cylinder (气缸) and boiler (汽锅), it was the very first steam engine. Newcomen invented it to help people mine for metals and coal at greater depths.
Who invented the first steam engine
Thomas Newcomen.
What was it invented for
It was invented to help people mine for metals and coal at greater depths.
Watt’s improvement of Newcomen’s design
People often consider James Watt the inventor of the steam engine. Few people know that he simply improved on Thomas Newcomen’s original design. Watt’s improvement to Newcomen’s design increased the power of the engine.
This new steam engine could be used in many more ways. It could power trains and ships, and it could also be used in factories.
Who do people often consider as the inventor of the steam engine
In what ways could the new steam engine improved by Watt be used
James Watt.
It could power trains and ships, and it could also be used in factories.
The steam engine and the Industrial Revolution
Watt added wheels and cogs (齿轮) to his steam engine, and this made it useful in trains and steamboats. His invention in turn played a huge role in what is now known as the Industrial Revolution.
What did Watt add to his steam engine to make it useful in trains and steamboats
What impact did this steam engine have
Wheels and cogs.
It played a huge role in the Industrial Revolution.
Interesting facts:
James Watt invented the term “horsepower”. He recorded the weight a group of ponies could lift. This became a single unit. He then compared this to the weight his steam engine could lift. This made his machine’s power sound even more impressive!
The unit of power known as the “watt” is also named after James Watt.
Who invented the term “horsepower” 1. _____________
How did James Watt make the term “horsepower” and use it to describe his steam engine’s power He recorded the weight a group of ponies could lift. This became 2. ___________. He then compared this to the weight his steam engine could lift. This made his machine’s power sound even more 3. ____________!
James Watt
a single unit
impressive
Finish the timeline of the Steam Engine’s Invention and Improvement Process.
1712
Later (after Watt’s improvements)
1760s-1770s
______________ invents the first practical steam engine. It uses a piston, cylinder, and boiler, and is designed to help mine for ________ and _________ at greater depths.
Thomas Newcomen
metals
coal
______________ improves the steam engine design. His improvements increase the engine’s _______, making it usable in more ways, such as powering trains, ships, and factories.
power
James Watt
James Watt adds _______ and ____ to the steam engine, making it useful in train locomotives and steamboats. This invention plays a huge role in the __________
_______________.
wheels
cogs
Industrial
Revolution
知识拓展
Other important inventions of the Industrial Revolution
1765 年，哈格里夫斯发明珍妮纺纱机，极大提高了纺纱效率，引发了纺织生产领域一系列的发明创造，揭开了工业革命的序幕 。随后，阿克莱特发明水力纺纱机，克隆普顿发明骡机，卡特莱特发明水力织布机，使纺织业实现了从手工操作到机械化生产的转变。
1807 年，美国人富尔顿发明汽船，实现了水上交通的重大变革；1814 年，史蒂芬孙发明蒸汽机车，1825 年，他主持修建的世界上第一条铁路正式通车，铁路运输业迅速发展，加强了各地的经济联系和交流。
第二次工业革命
1866年，德国工程师西门子发明了发电机；1879 年，美国发明家爱迪生发明了耐用的白炽灯泡，他还建成了世界上第一个火力发电站和输电网。此外，电动机、电话、电报等电力相关的发明相继问世，使人类进入“电气时代”。
19 世纪七八十年代，以煤气和汽油为燃料的内燃机相继问世，卡尔 本茨等人设计出内燃机驱动的汽车；1903 年，美国的莱特兄弟制成了飞机并试飞成功 ，推动了交通运输领域的重大变革。
Imagine that you are an inventor. Think about what you are going to invent to make our lives better.
Designing my invention
Step 1
What is the problem
Who needs help with this problem
What are the possible ways of solving this problem
In groups, brainstorm problems you want to solve. Use the questions and the example below to help you.
A lot of people cycle to school and work. Bicycle helmets are not very convenient to carry around.
It is difficult for old people to climb stairs.
...
Step 2
Discuss what kind of inventions can solve the problems.
Step 3
Design your invention in groups. Use the example below to help you.
Step 4
Present your invention to the class. Then vote for the best invention in your class.
Folding helmet
by James, Sara and Alex
INTRODUCTION
We are going to make a new kind of bicycle helmet. It will be a folding helmet.
PURPOSE
A lot of people don’t wear helmets because it is difficult to carry them around. Our folding helmet will fit into a bag easily! With our invention, more people will wear helmets. It will keep more people safe.
DESIGN
The helmet is going to be made of hard plastic. It will shine in the dark. It will fit everybody.
智慧角
我没有特别的才能，只是有强烈的好奇心。
——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（美国和瑞士双国籍物理学家）
Wits corner
I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious.
— Albert Einstein
佳词收藏夹
原始设计
在更深的地方
在……中发挥了巨大作用
一群；一组
将……与……相比
被称为；以……闻名
以……命名
original design
at greater depths
played a huge role in
a group of
compared ... to
known as
named after
佳句回顾
1. 这就是纽科门蒸汽机，它是由托马斯 纽科门于1712年发明的。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 很少有人知道，他只是在托马斯 纽科门的原始设计上进行了改进。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
This is the Newcomen’s engine, which was invented in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen.
Few people know that he simply improved on Thomas Newcomen’s original design.
佳句回顾
3. 这种新型蒸汽机可以有更多的用途。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. 他的发明反过来在如今被称为工业革命的进程中发挥了巨大作用。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
This new steam engine could be used in many more ways.
His invention in turn played a huge role in what is now known as the Industrial Revolution.
基础作业：
小组合作完成项目式学习，设计自己的发明；
小组合作准备班级分享活动。
拓展作业：
欣赏其他小组的作品，修改和丰富本小组的作品。

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