2024新人教版初中英语 八上单词表词汇【A--B】增量讲解(2022新课标)

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2024新人教版初中英语 八上单词表词汇【A--B】增量讲解(2022新课标)

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【2022新课标】
2024新人教版初中英语八上
单词表词汇(A-B)
增量讲解
(按照课本 单词表 排序)
依据【2022新课标】
新版英语教材(2022新课标),全面提高了对英语学习和运用能力的要求,“重词汇 ”要求首当其冲,这里根据八上英语课本单词表进行相关词汇的扩数增量讲解,以此为同学们提供英语词汇扩量学习的便利途径。
---A
1. able /'e bl/ adj. 能够的;有才能的
- 同义词:capable (adj. 有能力的), competent (adj. 胜任的)
- 反义词:unable (adj. 不能的), incompetent (adj. 无能的)
- 派生词:ability (n. 能力), enable (v. 使能够)
- 固定搭配:be able to do sth (能够做某事)
- 例句:She is able to speak three languages fluently. (她能流利地说三种语言。)
2. accept / k'sept/ v. 接受;相信
- 同义词:receive (v. 接收), approve (v. 批准)
- 反义词:reject (v. 拒绝), decline (v. 谢绝)
- 派生词:acceptance (n. 接受), acceptable (adj. 可接受的)
- 固定搭配:accept an offer (接受提议)
- 例句:He accepted the job without hesitation. (他毫不犹豫地接受了这份工作。)
3. accident /' ks d nt/ n. 意外;交通事故
- 同义词:mishap (n. 小事故), incident (n. 事件)
- 反义词:intention (n. 故意), plan (n. 计划)
- 派生词:accidental (adj. 意外的), accidentally (adv. 意外地)
- 固定搭配:car accident (车祸), by accident (偶然)
- 例句:The fire was caused by a chemical accident. (火灾是由化学品事故引起的。)
4. according / 'k d / prep. 根据;依照
- 固定搭配:according to (根据)
- 例句:According to the weather report, it will rain tomorrow. (根据天气预报,明天会下雨。)
5. accordion / 'k di n/ n. 手风琴
- 派生词:accordionist (n. 手风琴演奏者)
- 例句:He played a folk tune on the accordion. (他用手风琴演奏了一首民谣。)
6. achieve / 't i v/ v. (经过努力)达到;完成
- 同义词:accomplish (v. 完成), attain (v. 获得)
- 反义词:fail (v. 失败), abandon (v. 放弃)
- 派生词:achievement (n. 成就), achievable (adj. 可实现的)
- 例句:She achieved her dream of becoming a doctor. (她实现了成为医生的梦想。)
7. action /' k n/ n. 行动;行为
- 同义词:deed (n. 行为), activity (n. 活动)
- 反义词:inaction (n. 不作为), passivity (n. 被动)
- 派生词:act (v. 行动), active (adj. 活跃的)
- 固定搭配:take action (采取行动)
- 例句:Quick action saved the child from drowning. (迅速的行动救了溺水的孩子。)
8. actress /' ktr s/ n. 女演员
- 反义词:actor (n. 男演员)
- 派生词:acting (n. 表演)
- 例句:The actress won an Oscar for her role. (这位女演员因她的角色获得了奥斯卡奖。)
9. actually /' kt u li/ adv. 实际上;居然
- 同义词:really (adv. 真正地), in fact (事实上)
- 例句:He looks young but actually he's over 50. (他看起来很年轻,但实际上已经50多岁了。)
10. add / d/ v. 添加;加
- 同义词:append (v. 附加), include (v. 包含)
- 反义词:subtract (v. 减去), remove (v. 移除)
- 派生词:addition (n. 增加), additional (adj. 额外的)
- 固定搭配:add up (加起来), add fuel to the fire (火上浇油)
- 例句:Add some sugar to your coffee if it's too bitter. (如果咖啡太苦,可以加些糖。)
11. African /' fr k n/ adj. 非洲的;非洲人的 n. 非洲人
- 派生词:Africa (n. 非洲)
- 例句:African elephants have larger ears than Asian ones. (非洲象的耳朵比亚洲象大。)
12. against / 'ɡenst/ prep. 反对;紧靠
- 同义词:opposed to (反对), versus (prep. 对抗)
- 反义词:for (prep. 支持), with (prep. 与...一起)
- 固定搭配:go against (违反), lean against (倚靠)
- 例句:The ladder was placed against the wall. (梯子靠墙放着。)
13. ah /ɑ / interj. 啊(表示高兴、惊奇等)
- 同义词:oh (interj. 哦), wow (interj. 哇)
- 例句:Ah, I finally understand! (啊,我终于明白了!)
14. ahead / 'hed/ adv. 提前;在前面
- 同义词:forward (adv. 向前), in advance (提前)
- 反义词:behind (adv. 在后面), late (adv. 迟)
- 固定搭配:go ahead (继续), ahead of time (提前)
- 例句:Finish your homework ahead of schedule. (提前完成你的作业。)
15. AI / e 'a / (= artificial intelligence) n. 人工智能
- 派生词:machine learning (n. 机器学习)
- 例句:AI is transforming many industries. (人工智能正在改变许多行业。)
16. alike / 'la k/ adj. 相像的 adv. 相似地
- 同义词:similar (adj. 相似的), likewise (adv. 同样地)
- 反义词:different (adj. 不同的), unlike (prep. 不像)
- 例句:The twins look exactly alike. (这对双胞胎长得一模一样。)
17. almost /' lm st/ adv. 差不多;几乎
- 同义词:nearly (adv. 几乎), practically (adv. 实际上)
- 反义词:completely (adv. 完全地), entirely (adv. 全部)
- 例句:I almost missed the train this morning. (我今天早上差点错过火车。)
18. along with sb/sth 除...以外(还);与...同样地
- 同义词:together with (与...一起), in addition to (除...之外)
- 例句:She sent me a book along with a handwritten note. (她寄给我一本书,还有手写的便条。)
19. ancient /'e n nt/ adj. 古代的;古老的
- 同义词:antique (adj. 古老的), archaic (adj. 过时的)
- 反义词:modern (adj. 现代的), contemporary (adj. 当代的)
- 例句:We studied ancient Greek history in class. (我们在课堂上学习了古希腊历史。)
20. ant / nt/ n. 蚂蚁
- 派生词:ant colony (n. 蚁群)
- 固定搭配:have ants in one's pants (坐立不安)
- 例句:The ant carried a crumb twice its size. (蚂蚁搬着一块比它大两倍的面包屑。)
21. be connected with/to 与...相连
- 同义词:linked to (与...连接), related to (与...相关)
- 反义词:disconnected from (与...断开), separate from (与...分离)
- 例句:The printer needs to be connected to the computer. (打印机需要连接到电脑。)
22. anywhere /'eniwe (r)/ adv. & pron. 在任何地方;随便哪个地方
- 同义词:wherever (adv. 无论哪里), anyplace (adv. 任何地方)
- 反义词:nowhere (adv. 无处), somewhere (adv. 某处)
- 固定搭配:
- anywhere near(接近;几乎)
- get anywhere(取得进展)
- 例句:
- You can sit anywhere you like. (你可以随便坐。)
- I can't find my keys anywhere! (我到处都找不到钥匙!)
23. apartment / 'pɑ tm nt/ n. 房间;公寓套房
- 同义词:flat (n. 公寓,英式), unit (n. 单元房)
- 派生词:apartment building (n. 公寓楼)
- 固定搭配:
- rent an apartment(租公寓)
- studio apartment(单间公寓)
- 例句:
- She lives in a small apartment downtown. (她住在市中心的一间小公寓里。)
24. appear / 'p (r)/ v. 出现;呈现
- 同义词:emerge (v. 浮现), show up (phr.v. 出现)
- 反义词:disappear (v. 消失), vanish (v. 突然不见)
- 派生词:appearance (n. 出现;外表), reappear (v. 再次出现)
- 固定搭配:
- appear in court(出庭)
- appear to be(看起来像是)
- 例句:
- A rainbow appeared after the rain. (雨后出现了彩虹。)
- He appears to be upset. (他看起来不太高兴。)
25. appearance / 'p r ns/ n. 外表;露面
- 同义词:look (n. 外貌), demeanor (n. 举止)
- 反义词:disappearance (n. 消失)
- 固定搭配:
- make an appearance(露面)
- judge by appearance(以貌取人)
- 例句:
- Her appearance at the party surprised everyone. (她在派对上的出现让大家很惊讶。)
- Don't judge a book by its appearance. (不要以貌取人。)
26. argue /'ɑ gju / v. 争论;争吵
- 同义词:debate (v. 辩论), quarrel (v. 吵架)
- 反义词:agree (v. 同意), concur (v. 一致)
- 派生词:argument (n. 争论), argumentative (adj. 好争论的)
- 固定搭配:
- argue with sb(与某人争论)
- argue about/over sth(为某事争吵)
- 例句:
- They argued about money for hours. (他们为钱争吵了几个小时。)
- It's pointless to argue with him. (和他争论没有意义。)
27. arrival / 'ra vl/ n. 到达
- 同义词:coming (n. 到来), advent (n. 出现)
- 反义词:departure (n. 离开)
- 固定搭配:
- on arrival(一到达就…)
- arrival time(抵达时间)
- 例句:
- We awaited the arrival of the guests. (我们等待客人的到来。)
- Please confirm your arrival date. (请确认你的抵达日期。)
28. artwork /'ɑ tw k/ n. 艺术作品;插图
- 同义词:art (n. 艺术), illustration (n. 插图)
- 派生词:artist (n. 艺术家)
- 例句:
- The museum displays modern artwork. (博物馆展出现代艺术作品。)
29. as ... as ... 像……一样……
- 同义结构:equally (adv. 同样地)
- 反义结构:not as...as...(不如……)
- 固定搭配:
- as fast as lightning(快如闪电)
- as quiet as a mouse(静如鼠)
- 例句:
- She is as tall as her brother. (她和哥哥一样高。)
30. athlete /' θli t/ n. 运动员
- 同义词:sportsman (n. 运动员), player (n. 选手)
- 派生词:athletic (adj. 运动的), athletics (n. 田径运动)
- 例句:
- Olympic athletes train for years. (奥运选手训练多年。)
31. at least 至少
- 同义词:minimum (n. 最少)
- 反义词:at most(最多)
- 例句:
- You should drink at least 2 liters of water daily. (你每天至少该喝2升水。)
32. attend / 'tend/ v. 参加;出席
- 同义词:participate (v. 参与), be present (phr. 出席)
- 反义词:miss (v. 错过), skip (v. 跳过)
- 派生词:attendance (n. 出席), attendant (n. 服务员)
- 固定搭配:
- attend a meeting(参加会议)
- attend to sb/sth(照料)
- 例句:
- Over 100 people attended the conference. (100多人参加了会议。)
33. attention / 'ten n/ n. 注意;专心
- 同义词:focus (n. 专注), concentration (n. 集中)
- 反义词:distraction (n. 分心), inattention (n. 疏忽)
- 固定搭配:
- pay attention to(注意…)
- draw attention(吸引注意)
- 例句:
- The teacher asked for silence and attention. (老师要求安静和专注。)
34. author /' θ (r)/ n. 作者;作家
- 同义词:writer (n. 作家), novelist (n. 小说家)
- 派生词:authorize (v. 授权), authorship (n. 作者身份)
- 例句:
- J.K. Rowling is the author of Harry Potter. (J.K.罗琳是《哈利·波特》的作者。)
35. average /' v r d / adj. 平均的;平常的
- 同义词:ordinary (adj. 普通的), typical (adj. 典型的)
- 反义词:extraordinary (adj. 非凡的), exceptional (adj. 例外的)
- 固定搭配:
- on average(平均而言)
- above/below average(高于/低于平均水平)
- 例句:
- The average temperature in July is 30°C. (七月平均气温是30°C。)
---B
36. bake /be k/ v. 烘焙
- 同义词:roast (v. 烤,多指肉类), cook (v. 烹饪)
- 反义词:raw (adj. 生的), freeze (v. 冷冻)
- 派生词:
- baker (n. 面包师)
- bakery (n. 面包店)
- 固定搭配:
- bake a cake (烤蛋糕)
- bake bread (烤面包)
- 例句:
- She loves to bake cookies on weekends. (她喜欢在周末烤饼干。)
37. balcony / b lk ni/ n. 阳台
- 同义词:terrace (n. 露台,通常更大), porch (n. 门廊,美式)
- 派生词:balconied (adj. 有阳台的)
- 固定搭配:
- stand on the balcony (站在阳台上)
- balcony view (阳台景观)
- 例句:
- We had breakfast on the hotel balcony. (我们在酒店的阳台上吃早餐。)
38. bamboo / b m bu / n. 竹;竹子
- 派生词:
- bamboo shoot (n. 竹笋)
- bamboo forest (n. 竹林)
- 固定搭配:
- bamboo chair (竹椅)
- bamboo grows fast (竹子生长迅速)
- 例句:
- Pandas mainly eat bamboo. (熊猫主要以竹子为食。)
39. bath /bɑ θ/ n. 洗澡;浴缸
- 同义词:shower (n. 淋浴), soak (n. 浸泡)
- 反义词:dirt (n. 污垢)
- 派生词:
- bathe (v. 洗澡)
- bathroom (n. 浴室)
- 固定搭配:
- take a bath (泡澡)
- bubble bath (泡泡浴)
- 例句:
- He prefers a hot bath after work. (他喜欢下班后泡个热水澡。)
40. bathroom / bɑ θru m/ n. 浴室;洗手间
- 同义词:restroom (n. 洗手间,美式), toilet (n. 厕所,英式)
- 固定搭配:
- go to the bathroom (去洗手间)
- bathroom mirror (浴室镜子)
- 例句:
- The bathroom is on the second floor. (浴室在二楼。)
41. be careful with 注意;当心
- 同义词:watch out for (小心), take care with (谨慎对待)
- 反义词:ignore (v. 忽视), neglect (v. 疏忽)
- 固定搭配:
- be careful with fire (小心火)
- be careful with money (谨慎花钱)
- 例句:
- Be careful with that glass—it’s fragile! (小心那个玻璃杯,它易碎!)
42. be connected with / to 与…相连;与…相关
- 同义词:linked to (与…连接), related to (与…有关)
- 反义词:disconnected from (与…断开), separate from (与…分离)
- 固定搭配:
- be connected to Wi-Fi (连接到Wi-Fi)
- be connected with a crime (与犯罪有关)
- 例句:
- The printer must be connected to the computer. (打印机必须连接到电脑。)
- He is connected with the famous artist. (他与那位著名艺术家有联系。)
43. be home to sb/sth 有…栖息;是……的家乡
- 同义词:inhabit (v. 栖息), native to (原产于)
- 反义词:migrate from (从…迁徙)
- 固定搭配:
- This forest is home to many rare birds. (这片森林是许多稀有鸟类的栖息地。)
- Australia is home to kangaroos. (澳大利亚是袋鼠的家乡。)
- 例句:
- The Amazon rainforest is home to countless species. (亚马逊雨林是无数物种的家园。)
44. be ready to do sth 马上要(做某事);愿意做(某事)
- 同义词:prepared to (准备好), willing to (愿意)
- 反义词:unwilling to (不愿意), hesitate to (犹豫)
- 固定搭配:
- be ready to leave (准备离开)
- be ready to help (乐于助人)
- 例句:
- She is always ready to lend a hand. (她总是乐于帮忙。)
45. be tired of 对…感到厌倦
- 同义词:fed up with (受够了), sick of (厌烦)
- 反义词:enjoy (v. 享受), love (v. 喜爱)
- 固定搭配:
- be tired of excuses (厌倦借口)
- be tired of routine (厌倦日常)
- 例句:
- I’m tired of hearing the same story. (我厌倦了听同样的故事。)
46. bedroom /'bedru m/ n. 卧室
- 同义词:chamber (n. 房间,正式), sleeping quarters (n. 睡眠区)
- 固定搭配:
- master bedroom (主卧)
- bedroom furniture (卧室家具)
- 例句:
- Her bedroom is painted light blue. (她的卧室漆成淡蓝色。)
47. benefit /'ben f t/ v. 对……有用;使受益 n. 益处;成效
- 同义词:advantage (n. 优势), profit (n. 利润)
- 反义词:harm (v./n. 伤害), disadvantage (n. 劣势)
- 派生词:beneficial (adj. 有益的)
- 固定搭配:
- benefit from experience (从经验中获益)
- health benefits (健康益处)
- 例句:
- Regular exercise benefits your health. (定期锻炼有益健康。)
48. benefit ... from ... 从……获益
- 同义结构:gain from (从…获得)
- 反义结构:lose from (因…损失)
- 例句:
- Students benefit greatly from hands-on learning. (学生从实践学习中受益匪浅。)
49. besides /b 'sa dz/ prep. 除……之外(还) adv. 而且
- 同义词:in addition to (除…之外), moreover (adv. 此外)
- 反义词:except (prep. 除了…不包括)
- 例句:
- Besides English, she speaks French. (除了英语,她还会说法语。)
- The food was delicious, and besides, it was cheap. (食物很美味,而且价格便宜。)
50. best-selling / best'sel / adj. 畅销的
- 同义词:top-selling (adj. 热销的)
- 反义词:least popular (最不受欢迎的)
- 固定搭配:
- best-selling book (畅销书)
- best-selling artist (畅销歌手)
- 例句:
- Harry Potter is a best-selling series. (《哈利·波特》是畅销书系列。)
51. be yourself 行为自然;不做作
- 同义词:act naturally (表现自然)
- 反义词:pretend (v. 假装), fake (v. 伪装)
- 例句:
- Just relax and be yourself. (放松点,做你自己。)
52. biscuit /'b sk t/ n. 饼干
- 同义词:cookie (n. 曲奇,美式), cracker (n. 薄脆饼干)
- 固定搭配:
- chocolate biscuit (巧克力饼干)
- biscuit tin (饼干罐)
- 例句:
- She dunked the biscuit in her tea. (她把饼干泡在茶里。)
53. block /bl k/ n. 大楼;街区;大块
- 同义词:building (n. 建筑), chunk (n. 大块)
- 固定搭配:
- apartment block (公寓楼)
- block of ice (冰块)
- 例句:
- The museum is two blocks away. (博物馆距离这里两个街区。)
54. boil /b l/ v. 煮沸;烧开 n. 沸腾;沸点
- 同义词:simmer (v. 小火慢煮)
- 反义词:freeze (v. 冻结)
- 派生词:boiling (adj. 沸腾的)
- 固定搭配:
- boil water (烧开水)
- bring to a boil (煮至沸腾)
- 例句:
- Wait for the soup to boil. (等汤煮沸。)
55. bored /b d/ adj. 厌倦的;烦闷的
- 同义词:uninterested (adj. 不感兴趣的)
- 反义词:excited (adj. 兴奋的)
- 派生词:boredom (n. 无聊)
- 固定搭配:
- bored to death (无聊至极)
- look bored (看起来无聊)
- 例句:
- The lecture was so long—I was bored. (讲座太长了,我很无聊。)
56. born /b n/ v. 出生;出世 adj. 天生(有某方面才能)的
- 固定搭配:
- born in 1990 (1990年出生)
- born artist (天生的艺术家)
- 例句:
- She was born in Paris. (她出生在巴黎。)
- He’s a born leader. (他是个天生的领导者。)
57. borrow /'b r / v. 借
- 同义词:lend (v. 借出,注意方向相反)
- 反义词:return (v. 归还)
- 固定搭配:
- borrow money (借钱)
- borrow a book (借书)
- 例句:
- Can I borrow your pen (我能借你的笔吗?)
58. bowl /b l/ n. 碗;钵;盆
- 派生词:bowlful (n. 一碗的量)
- 固定搭配:
- rice bowl (饭碗)
- salad bowl (沙拉碗)
- 例句:
- She ate a bowl of cereal. (她吃了一碗麦片。)
59. breath /breθ/ n. 呼吸的空气;一口气
- 派生词:breathe (v. 呼吸)
- 固定搭配:
- take a deep breath (深呼吸)
- out of breath (上气不接下气)
- 例句:
- Hold your breath underwater. (在水下屏住呼吸。)
60. bridge /br d / n. 桥
- 固定搭配:
- cross the bridge (过桥)
- bridge the gap (弥合差距)
- 例句:
- The Golden Gate Bridge is famous. (金门大桥很有名。)
61. budget /'b d t/ n. 预算 v. 把…编入预算;精打细算
- 同义词:financial plan (n. 财务计划)
- 固定搭配:
- on a budget (预算有限)
- budget travel (经济旅行)
- 例句:
- We need to budget carefully this month. (这个月我们需要精打细算。)
62. businessman /'b zn sm n/ n. 商界人士;企业家
- 同义词:entrepreneur (n. 企业家)
- 派生词:businesswoman (n. 女商人)
- 例句:
- He’s a successful businessman. (他是个成功的商人。)
63. butter /'b t (r)/ n. 黄油
- 固定搭配:
- peanut butter (花生酱)
- bread and butter (面包和黄油)
- 例句:
- Spread butter on the toast. (在吐司上涂黄油。)
64. butterfly /'b t fla / n. 蝴蝶
- 固定搭配:
- butterfly effect (蝴蝶效应)
- butterfly garden (蝴蝶园)
- 例句:
- A butterfly landed on her shoulder. (一只蝴蝶落在她肩上。)
65. by accident 偶然;意外地
- 同义词:by chance (偶然)
- 反义词:on purpose (故意)
- 例句:
- I found this old photo by accident. (我偶然发现了这张老照片。)

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