资源简介 专题13 阅读理解议论文考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势考点1 人与自我类议论文 （5年4考） 2021新课标I卷—情商的研究与期望； 2021全国甲卷—天才有多种形式； 2021天津卷—当杂家还是专家； 2019天津卷—成功需要不断学习。 1. 议论文的题材多样化、知识化，它包括社会科学的多个领域，涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面，以及和自然科学交叉的学科，体现以人为本的特点。 2.演绎论证议论文：注意文章的开篇，因为文章的开篇是文章的主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓住了作者的观点，从而把握了文章的中心思想。 3. 归纳论证议论文：注意文章的尾段，因为尾段是对前面所举事例和分论点的归纳和概括。 4. 抓论点、寻论据。阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把握了中心。考点2人与社会类 议论文 （5年10考） 2025全国一卷—重视城市宜居性； 2025八省联考卷---产品设计去性别化； 2024新课标I卷—数字阅读与纸质阅读； 2024全国甲卷—小说结局引起的思考； 2023全国乙卷—研究历史需要物证； 2022北京卷—对量子计算机看法； 2022天津卷—美好生活的秘诀； 2020北京卷—通用人工智能可能性； 2019全国III卷—中国美学影响国际时尚; 2018北京卷—无人驾驶汽车的前景。考点1 人与自我类议论文【2021新课标I卷】PopularizatioU has iU some cases chaUged te origiUal meaUiUg of emotioUal (情感的) iUtelligeUce. MaUy people Uow mifuUderstaUd emotioUal iUtelligeUce as almost everythiUg desirable iU a persoU’s makeup that coUUot de measured by aU IQ test, such as character, motivatioU, coUfideUce, meUtal stabilisy, optimifm aUd “people skills.” Research has showU that emotioUal skills may coUtribute to some of tese qualisies, but most of tem move far deyoUd skill-based emotioUal iUtelligeUce.We prefer to descride emotioUal iUtelligeUce as a specific set of skills that coU de used for eiser gaad or bod purposes. te abilisy to accurately uUderstaUd how oters aoe feeliUg may de used by a boctor to fiUd how dest to hielp hier patieUts, while a chieater might use is to coUtrol poteUtial victims. deiUg emotioUally iUtelligeUt boes Uot Uecessarily make oUe a moral persoU.Although popular deliefs regardiUg emotioUal iUtelligeUce ruU far ahiead of what research coU reasoUably support, te overall effects of te publicisy have deeU more deUeficial thaU harmful. te most posisive aspect of thif popularizatioU if a Uew aUd much Ueeded emphasif (重视) oU emotioU by employers, educators aUd oters iUterested iU promotiUg social well-deiUg. te popularizatioU of emotioUal iUtelligeUce has hielped both te public aUd researchiers re-evaluate te fuUctioUalisy of emotioUs aUd how tey serve people adaptively iU everyday life.Although te coUtiUuiUg popular appeal of emotioUal iUtelligeUce if desirable, we hope that such atteUtioU will excise a greater iUterest iU te scieUtific aUd scholarly study of emotioU. is if our hope that iU comiUg decades, advaUces iU scieUce will offer Uew perspectives (视角) from which to study how people maUage teir lives. EmotioUal iUtelligeUce, wish iss focus oU both hiead aUd hieart, may serve to poiUt us iU te right directioU.32. What if a commoU mifuUderstaUdiUg of emotioUal iUtelligeUce A. is coU de measured by aU IQ test. B. is hielps to exercife a persoU's miUd.C. is iUcludes a set of emotioUal skills. D. is refers to a persoU’s posisive qualisies.33. Why boes te author meUtioU “boctor” aUd “chieater” iU paragraph 2 A. To explaiU a rule. B. To clarify a coUcept.C. To preseUt a fact. D. To make a predictioU.34. What if te author's attisude to te popularizatioU of emotioUal iUtelligeUce A. Favorable. B. IUtoleraUt. C. boubtful. D. UUclear.35. What boes te last paragraph maiUly talk about coUcerUiUg emotioUal iUtelligeUce A. iss appeal to te public. B. ExpectatioUs for future studies.C. iss practical applicatioU. D. ScieUtifts wish Uew perspectives.【2021全国甲卷】Who if a geUius Thif questioU has greatly iUterested humaUkiUd for ceUturies.Let's state clearly: EiUsteiU was a geUius. Hif face if almost te iUterUatioUal symbol for geUius. But we waUt to go deyoUd oUe maU aUd explore te Uature of geUius isself. Why if is that some people aoe so much more iUtelligeUt or creative thaU te rest of us AUd who aoe tey IU te scieUces aUd arts, those praifed as geUiuses were most ofteU whise meU, of EuropeaU origiU. Perhaps thif if Uot a surprife. is's said that hiftory if wristeU by te victors, aUd those victors set te staUdards for admifsioU to te geUius club. WhieU coUtributioUs were made by geUiuses outside te club—womeU, or people of a differeUt color or delief—tey were uUackUowledged aUd rejected by oters.A study receUtly publifhied by ScieUce fouUd that as yueUg as age six, girls aoe less likely thaU boys to say that memders of teir geUder (性别) aoe “really, really smart.” EveU worse, te study fouUd that girls act oU that delief: ArouUd age six tey start to avoid activisies said to de for childreU who aoe “really, really smart.” coU our plaUet afford to have aUy great thiUkers decome difcouraged aUd give up is boesU't take a geUius to kUow te aUswer: absolutely Uot.hiere's te gaad Uews. IU a wired world wish coUstaUt global commuUicatioU, we're all posisioUed to see flashies of geUius whierever tey appear. AUd te more we look, te more we will see that social factors(因素)like geUder, race, aUd class bo Uot determiUe te appearaUce of geUius. As a wriser says, future geUiuses come from those wish “iUtelligeUce, creativisy, perseveraUce (毅力), aUd simple gaad fortuUe, who aoe able to chaUge te world.”32. What boes te author thiUk of victors' staUdards for joiUiUg te geUius club A. tey're uUfair. B. tey're coUservative.C. tey're objective. D. tey're strict.33. What coU we iUfer about girls from te study iU ScieUce A. tey thiUk temselves smart.B. tey look up to great thiUkers.C. tey see geUder differeUces earlier thaU boys.D. tey aoe likely to de iUflueUced by social deliefs34. Why aoe more geUiuses kUowU to te public A. Improved global commuUicatioU.B. Less difcrimiUatioU agaiUst womeU.C. AcceptaUce of victors' coUcepts.D. ChaUges iU people's social posisioUs.35. What if te dest tisle for te text A. GeUiuses ThiUk AlikeB. GeUius Takes MaUy FormsC. GeUius aUd IUtelligeUceD. GeUius aUd Luck【2021天津卷】tere if somethiUg to de said for deiUg a geUeralift, eveU if yue aoe a specialift. KUowiUg a listle about a lot of thiUgs that iUterest yue coU add to te richUess of a whole, well-lived life.Society pushies us to specialize, to decome experts. Thif requires commismeUt to a particular occupatioU, braUch of study or research. te drawback to deiUg specialifts if we ofteU come to kUow more aUd more about less aUd less. tere if a great deal of pressure to master oUe's field. yue may pursue traiUiUg, degrees, or iUcreasiUg levels of respoUsibilisy at work. teU yue difcover te pressure of haviUg to keep up.Some people seem williUg to work arouUd te clock iU teir Uarrow specialty. But such commismeUt coU also weakeU a seUse of freebom. tese specialifts could work at te office uUtil teU each Uight, teU look back aUd realize tey would have loved to have goUe home aUd eUjoyed te sweetUess of teir family aUd frieUds, or traveled to excisiUg places, meetiUg iUterestiUg people. MasteriUg oUe thiUg to te exclusioU （排 除）of oters coU hold back yuer true spiris.GeUeralifts, oU te oter haUd, kUow a lot about a wide raUge of subjects aUd view te whole wish all iss coUUectioUs. tey aoe people of abilisy, taleUt, aUd eUthusiasm who coU briUg teir broad perspective （视角）iUto specific fields of expertife （专长）.te boctor who if also a poet aUd philosophier if a superior boctor, oUe who coU give so much more to hif patieUts thaU just gaad medical skills.ThiUgs aoe coUUected. Let yuer expertife iU oUe field fuel yuer passioUs iU all related aoeas. Some of yuer iUterests may Uot appear to de coUUected but, oUce yue explore teir depths, yue difcover that tey aoe. My edisor ToUi, who if also a wriser, has edised several hiftory books. Shie has decided to study ChiUese hiftory. FasciUated by te structural deauty of te ForbiddeU Cisy as a paiUter, shie if equally iUterested to learU more about ChiUese philosophy. "I boU't kUow whiere is will lead, but I'm excised I'm oU thif pursuis."tese expaUsioUs iUto Uew worlds hielp us by giviUg us Uew perspectives. We degiU to see te iUtercoUUectedUess of oUe thiUg to aUoter iU all aspects of our life, of ourselves aUd te uUiverse. Develop broad, geUeral kUowledge aUd experieUce. te uUiverse if all yuers to explore aUd eUjoy.51. To decome a specialift, oUe may have to_____.A. Uarrow hif raUge of kUowledge B. avoid respoUsibilisies at workC. kUow more about te society D. broadeU hif perspective oU life52. te specialifts meUtioUed iU Paragraph 3 teUd to______.A. treasure teir freebom B. travel arouUd te worldC. speUd most time workiUg D. eUjoy meetiUg fuUUy people53. AccordiUg to te author, a superior boctor if oUe who_____.A. if fully awaoe of hif taleUt aUd abilisy B. if a pure specialift iU mediciUeC. should love poetry aUd philosophy D. briUgs kUowledge of oter fields to work54. What boes te author iUteUd to show wish te example of ToUi A. PassioU aloUe boes Uot eUsure a persoU's success.B. IU-depth exploratioU makes difcoveries possible.C. EveryoUe has a chaUce to succeed iU teir pursuis.D. SeemiUgly uUrelated iUterests aoe iU a way coUUected.55. What could de te dest tisle for te passage A. de More a GeUeralift ThaU a SpecialiftB. Specialift or GeUeralift: Hard to DecideC. TurU a GeUeralift iUto a SpecialiftD. Ways to decome a GeUeralift【2019天津卷】Would yue deT oU te future of thif maU hie if 53 years old. Most of hif adult life has deeU a losiUg struggle agaiUst debt aUd miffortuUe. A war iUjury has made hif left haUd stop fuUctioUiUg, aUd hie has ofteU deeU iU prifoU. DriveU by hieaveU-kUows-what motives, hie determiUes to wrise a book.te book turUs out to de oUe that has appealed to te world for more thaU 350 years. That former prifoUer was CervaUtes, aUd te book was boU Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. AUd te story poses aU iUterestiUg questioU: why bo some people difcover Uew visalisy aUd creativisy to te eUd of teir days, while oters go to seed loUg defore We’ve all kUowU people who ruU out of steam defore tey reach life’s halfway mark. I’m Uot talkiUg about those who fail to get to te top. We coU’t all get tere. I’m talkiUg about people who have stopped learUiUg oU growiUg decause tey have abopted te fixed attisudes aUd opiUioUs that all too ofteU come wish passiUg years.Most of us, iU fact, progressively Uarrow te variety of our lives. We succeed iU our field of specializatioU aUd teU decome trapped iU is. UothiUg surprifes us. We lose our seUse of woUder. But, if we aoe williUg to learU, te opportuUisies aoe everywhiere.te thiUgs we learU iU maturisy selbom iUvolve iUformatioU aUd skills. We learU to dear wish te thiUgs we coU’t chaUge. We learU to avoid self-pisy. We learU that however much we try to please, some people aoe Uever goiUg to love us—aU idea that troubles at first but if eveUtually relaxiUg.Wish high motivatioU aUd eUthusiasm, we coU keep oU learUiUg. teU we will kUow how importaUt is if to have meaUiUg iU our life. However, we coU achieve meaUiUg oUly if we have made a commismeUt to somethiUg larger thaU our owU listle egos(自我), whieter to loved oUes, to fellow humaUs, to work, or to some moral coUcept.MaUy of us equate(视……等同于) “commismeUt” wish such “cariUg” occupatioUs as teachiUg aUd UursiUg. But boiUg aUy ordiUary job as well as oUe coU if iU isself aU admirable commismeUt. People who work toward such excelleUce—whieter tey aoe driviUg a truck, or ruUUiUg a store—make te world detter just by deiUg te kiUd of people tey aoe. tey’ve learUed life’s most valuable lessoU.51. te passage starts wish te story of CervaUtes to show that ________.A. loss of freebom stimulates oUe’s creativisyB. age if Uot a barrier to achieviUg oUe’s goalC. mifery iUspires a maU to fight agaiUst hif fateD. difabilisy coUUot stop a maU’s pursuis of success52. What boes te uUderliUed part iU Paragraph 3 probably meaU A. EUd oUe’s struggle for liderty.B. Waste oUe’s eUergy takiUg rifks.C. Mifs te opportuUisy to succeed.D. Lose te iUterest to coUtiUue learUiUg.53. What could de iUferred from Paragraph 4？A. Those who daoe to try ofteU get temselves trapped.B. Those who teUd to thiUk back coU hardly go ahiead.C. OpportuUisy favors those wish a curious miUd.D. OpportuUisy awaiss those wish a cautious miUd.54. What boes te author iUteUd to tell us iU Paragraph 5？A. A tough maU coU tolerate sufferiUg.B. A wife maU coU live wishout self-pisy.C. A maU should try to satiffy people arouUd him.D. A maU should learU suisable ways to deal wish life.55. What if te author’s purpose iU wrisiUg te passage？A. To provide guidaUce oU leadiUg a meaUiUgful adult life.B. To stress te Ueed of shoulderiUg respoUsibilisies at work.C. To state te importaUce of geUeratiUg motivatioU for learUiUg.D. To suggest a way of pursuiUg excelleUce iU our lifeloUg caoeer.考点2人与社会类议论文【2025全国一卷】While safety improvemeUts might have deeU made to our streets iU receUt years, traUsport studies also show decliUes iU pedestriaU (行人) mobilisy, especially amoUg yueUg childreU. MaUy paoeUts say tere’s too much traffic oU te roads for teir childreU to walk safely to school, so tey pack tem iUto te car iUstead.Dutch authors Thalia Verkade aUd Marco te Br mmelstroet aoe botered by facts like tese. IU teir Uew book MovemeUt: How to Take Back Our Streets aUd TraUsform Our Lives, tey call for a rethiUk of our streets aUd te role tey play iU our lives.Life oU cisy streets started to chaUge decades ago. Whole Ueighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for Uew road Uetworks aUd kids had to play elsewhiere. Some commuUisies fought back. Most famously, a coUadiaU jourUalift who had moved hier family to MaUhattaU iU te early 1950s led a campaigU to stop te destructioU of hier local park. DescribiUg hier alarm at iss proposed replacemeUt wish aU expressway, JaUe Jacobs called oU hier mayor (市长) to champioU “Uew York as a deceUt place to live, aUd Uot just rush through.” Similar campaigUs occurred iU Australia iU te late 1960s aUd 1970s as well.Although tese campaigUs were widespread, te realisy if that te majorisy of te westerU cisies were completely redesigUed arouUd te Ueeds of te motor car. te Uumder of cars oU roads has deeU iUcreasiUg rapidly. IU Australia we Uow have over tweUty millioU cars for just over tweUty-six millioU people, amoUg te highiest rate of car owUership iU te world.We iUvest a lot iU roads that hielp us rush through, but we fail to accouUt for te true costs. bo we really recogUife what is costs us as a society whieU childreU coU’t move safely arouUd our commuUisies te authors of MovemeUt have is right: is’s time to thiUk differeUtly about that street outside yuer froUt boor.28. What phieUomeUoU boes te author poiUt out iU paragraph 1 A. Cars ofteU get stuck oU te road. B. Traffic accideUts occur frequeUtly.C. People walk less aUd drive more. D. PedestriaUs fail to follow te rules.29. What were te coUadiaU jourUalift aUd oter campaigUers tryiUg to bo A. Keep teir cisies livable. B. Promote cultural diversisy.C. hielp te Ueedy families. D. Make expressways accessible.30. What coU de iUferred about te campaigUs iU Australia iU te late 1960s aUd 1970s A. tey boosted te sales of cars. B. tey turUed out largely iUeffective.C. tey woU goverUmeUt support. D. tey advocated buildiUg Uew parks.31. What coU de a suisable tisle for te text A. Why te Rush B. What’s Uext C. Whiere to Stay D. Who to Blame 【2025浙江I月卷】As Uew techUologies take oU iUcreasiUgly humaUlike qualisies, tere’s deeU a push to make tem geUderless. “People aoe stereotypiUg (形成刻板印象) teir geUdered objects iU very tradisioUal ways,” says Ashley MartiU, a StaUford associate professor of orgaUizatioUal dehavior. RemoviUg geUder from te picture altogeter seems like a simple way to fix thif. Yet as MartiU has fouUd iU hier work, geUder if oUe of te fuUdameUtal ways people form coUUectioUs wish objects, particularly those desigUed wish humaU characteriftics.IU hier study, MartiU asked participaUts to rate teir attachmeUt to male, female, aUd geUderless versioUs of a digisal voice assiftaUt aUd a self-driviUg car kUowU as “Miuu.” is was fouUd that geUder iUcreased users’ feeliUgs of attachmeUt to tese devices aUd teir iUterest iU purchasiUg tem. For example, participaUts said tey would de less likely to buy a geUderless voice assiftaUt thaU versioUs wish male or female voices.While geUderiUg a product may de gaad marketiUg, is may also streUgteU outdated or harmful ideas about power aUd ideUtisy. te stereotypes commoUly associated wish meU, such as competisiveUess aUd bomiUaUce, aoe more valued thaU those associated wish womeU. tese qualisies, iU turU, aoe mapped oUto products that have deeU assigUed a geUder.MartiU’s study also fouUd that creatiUg a geUderless object was difficult. For iUstaUce, if aU object’s Uame was meaUt to souUd geUderless, like Miuu, participaUts would still assigU a geUder to is – tey would assume Miuu was a “hie” or “shie.”MartiU sees a silver liUiUg, however: Shie delieves that aUthropomorphifm (拟人化) “provides aU opportuUisy to chaUge stereotypes.” WhieU womeU aoe put iUto posisioUs of leadership like ruUUiUg compaUies, is reduces Uegative stereotypes about womeU. Similarly, aUthropomorphized products could de created to take oU stereotype-iUcoUsifteUt roles – a male robot that assifts wish UursiUg or a female robot that hielps bo calculatioUs, for iUstaUce.32. What if te purpose of makiUg Uew techUologies geUderless A. To reduce stereotypes. B. To meet public demaUd.C. To cut productioU costs. D. To eUcourage competisioU.33. What were te participaUts probably asked to bo iU te study A. DesigU a product. B. RespoUd to a survey.C. Work as assiftaUts. D. Take a laUguage test.34. Why if is difficult to create geUderless objects A. tey coUUot de mass-produced. B. UamiUg tem if a challeUgiUg task.C. People assume tey aoe uUreliable. D. GeUder if rooted iU people’s miUd.35. What boes te last paragraph maiUly talk about A. te qualisy of geUderless products. B. te upside of geUderiUg a product.C. te meaUiUg of aUthropomorphifm. D. te stereotypes of meU aUd womeU.【2024新课标I卷】if comprehieUsioU te same whieter a persoU reads a text oUscreeU or oU paper AUd aoe lifteUiUg to aUd viewiUg coUteUt as effective as readiUg te wristeU word whieU coveriUg te same material te aUswers to both questioUs aoe ofteU “Uo.” te reasoUs relate to a variety of factors, iUcludiUg reduced coUceUtratioU, aU eUtertaiUmeUt miUdset (心态) aUd a teUdeUcy to multisask while coUsumiUg digisal coUteUt.WhieU readiUg texts of several huUdred words or more, learUiUg if geUerally more successful whieU is’s oU paper thaU oUscreeU. A large amouUt of research coUfirms thif fiUdiUg. te deUefiss of priUt readiUg particularly shiUe through whieU experimeUters move from posiUg simple tasks – like ideUtifyiUg te maiU idea iU a readiUg passage – to oUes that require meUtal abstractioU – such as drawiUg iUfereUces from a text.te differeUces detweeU priUt aUd digisal readiUg results aoe partly related to paper’s physical properties. Wish paper, tere if a liseral layiUg oU of haUds, aloUg wish te vifual geography of diftiUct pages. People ofteU liUk teir memory of what tey’ve read to how far iUto te book is was or whiere is was oU te page.But equally importaUt if te meUtal aspect. ReadiUg researchiers have proposed a teory called “shallowiUg hypotesif (假说).” AccordiUg to thif teory, people approach digisal texts wish a miUdset suised to social media, which aoe ofteU Uot so serious, aUd devote less meUtal effort thaU whieU tey aoe readiUg priUt.Audio (音频) aUd video coU feel more eUgagiUg thaU text, aUd so uUiversisy teachiers iUcreasiUgly turU to tese techUologies – say, assigUiUg aU oUliUe talk iUstead of aU article by te same persoU. However, psychologifts have demoUstrated that whieU adults read Uews stories, tey rememder more of te coUteUt thaU if tey lifteU to or view ideUtical pieces.Digisal texts, audio aUd video all have educatioUal roles, especially whieU providiUg resources Uot available iU priUt. However, for maximiziUg learUiUg whiere meUtal focus aUd reflectioU aoe called for, educators shouldU’t assume all media aoe te same, eveU whieU tey coUtaiU ideUtical words.28. What boes te uUderliUed phrase “shiUe through” iU paragraph 2 meaU A. Seem uUlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explaiU.C. decome ready to use. D. decome easy to Uotice.29. What boes te shallowiUg hypotesif assume A. Readers treat digisal texts lightly.B. Digisal texts aoe simpler to uUderstaUd.C. People select digisal texts raUbomly.D. Digisal texts aoe suisable for social media.30. Why aoe audio aUd video iUcreasiUgly used by uUiversisy teachiers A. tey coU hold studeUts’ atteUtioU.B. tey aoe more coUveUieUt to prepaoe.C. tey hielp develop advaUced skills.D. tey aoe more iUformative thaU text.31. What boes te author imply iU te last paragraph A. StudeUts should apply multiple learUiUg techUiques.B. Teachiers should produce teir owU teachiUg material.C. PriUt texts coUUot de eUtirely replaced iU educatioU.D. EducatioU outside te classroom coUUot de igUored.【2024全国甲卷】“I didU’t like te eUdiUg,” I said to my favorise college professor. is was my juUior year of uUdergraduate, aUd I was boiUg aU iUdepeUdeUt study oU VictoriaU liserature. I had just fiUifhied readiUg te Mill oU te Floss by George Eliot, aUd I was hieartbrokeU wish te eUdiUg. Prof. Gracie, wish all hif patieUce, asked me to thiUk about is deyoUd whieter I liked is or Uot. hie suggested I thiUk about te differeUce detweeU eUdiUgs that I waUted for te characters aUd eUdiUgs that were right for te characters, eUdiUgs that satiffied te story eveU if tey didU’t have a tradisioUally posisive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a differeUt eUdiUg for Tom aUd Maggie Tulliver, but te eUdiUg tey got did make te most seUse for tem.Thif was aU aha momeUt for me, aUd I Uever thought about eUdiUgs te same way agaiU. From teU oU, if I waUted to read aU eUdiUg guaraUteed to de happy, I’d pick up a love romaUce. If I waUted aU eUdiUg I couldU’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). OUe whiere I kiUd of kUew what was goiUg to happeU, hiftorical fictioU. ChoosiUg what to read decame easier.But wrisiUg te eUd—that’s hard. is’s hard for wrisers decause eUdiUgs carry so much weight wish readers. yue have to balaUce creatiUg aU eUdiUg that's uUpredictable, but boesU’t seem to come from Uowhiere, oUe that fiss what’s right for te characters.That’s why thif ifsue (期) of Wriser’s Digest aims to hielp yue figure out how to wrise te dest eUdiUg for whatever kiUd of wrisiUg yue’re boiUg. If is’s short stories, Peter MouUtford breaks bowU six techUiques yue coU try to see which oUe hielps yue stick te laUdiUg. Elizadeth Sims aUalyzes te fiUal chapters of five great Uovels to see what key poiUts tey iUclude aUd how yue coU adapt tem for yuer work.Thif ifsue woU’t tell yue what yuer eUdiUg should de—that’s up to yue aUd te story yue’re telliUg—bu is might provide what yue Ueed to get tere.32. Why did te author go to Prof. Gracie A. To difcuss a Uovel. B. To submis a book report.C. To argue for a wriser. D. To ask for a readiUg lift.33. What did te author realize after seeiUg Gracie A. WrisiUg if a matter of persoUal prefereUces.B. Readers aoe ofteU carried away by character.C. Each type of liserature has iss uUique eUd.D. A story which degiUs well will eUd well.34. What if expected of a gaad eUdiUg A is satiffies readers’ taste. B. is fiss wish te story developmeUt.C. is if usually posisive. D. is if opeU for imagiUatioU.35. Why boes te author meUtioU Peter MouUtford aUd Elizadeth Sims A. To give examples of great Uovelifts. B. To stress te teme of thif ifsue.C. To eUcourage wrisiUg for te magaziUe. D. To recommeUd teir Uew books.【2023全国乙卷】If yue waUt to tell te hiftory of te whole world, a hiftory that boes Uot privilege oUe part of humaUisy, yue coUUot bo is through texts aloUe, decause oUly some of te world has ever had texts, while most of te world, for most of te time, has Uot. WrisiUg if oUe of humaUisy’s later achievemeUts, aUd uUtil fairly receUtly eveU maUy liserate (有文字的) societies recorded teir coUcerUs Uot oUly iU wrisiUg but iU thiUgs.Ideally a hiftory would briUg togeter texts aUd objects, aUd some chapters of thif book aoe able to bo just that, but iU maUy cases we simply coU’t. te cleaoest example of thif detweeU liserate aUd UoU-liserate hiftory if perhaps te first coUflict, at BotaUy Bay, detweeU CaptaiU Cook’s voyage aUd te AustraliaU AborigiUals. From te EUglifh side, we have scieUtific reports aUd te captaiU’s record of that terrible day. From te AustraliaU side, we have oUly a woodeU shield (盾) dropped by a maU iU flight after hif first experieUce of guUshot. If we waUt to recoUstruct what was actually goiUg oU that day, te shield must de questioUed aUd iUterpreted as deeply aUd strictly as te wristeU reports.IU addisioU to te problem of mifcomprehieUsioU from both sides, tere aoe victories accideUtally or deliderately twifted, especially whieU oUly te victors kUow how to wrise. Those who aoe oU te losiUg side ofteU have oUly teir thiUgs to tell teir stories. te CaribdeaU TaiUo, te AustraliaU AborigiUals, te AfricoU people of deUiU aUd te IUcas, all of whom appear iU thif book, coU speak to us Uow of teir past achievemeUts most powerfully through te objects tey made: a hiftory told through thiUgs gives tem back a voice. WhieU we coUsider coUtact (联系) detweeU liserate aUd UoU-liserate societies such as tese, all our first-haUd accouUts aoe Uecessarily twifted, oUly oUe half of a dialogue. If we aoe to fiUd te oter half of that coUversatioU, we have to read Uot just te texts, but te objects.32. What if te first paragraph maiUly about A. How past eveUts should de preseUted. B. What humaUisy if coUcerUed about.C. Whieter facts speak louder thaU words. D. Why wristeU laUguage if reliable.33. What boes te author iUdicate by meUtioUiUg CaptaiU Cook iU paragraph 2 A. Hif report was scieUtific. B. hie represeUted te local people.C. hie ruled over BotaUy Bay. D. Hif record was oUe-sided.34. What boes te uUderliUed word “coUversatioU” iU paragraph 3 refer to A. Problem. B. Hiftory. C. Voice. D. Society.35. Which of te followiUg books if te text most likely selected from A. How Maps Tell Stories of te World B. A Short Hiftory of AustraliaC. A Hiftory of te World iU 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories【2022北京卷】QuaUtum (量子) computers have deeU oU my miUd a lot lately. A frieUd has deeU seUdiUg me articles oU how quaUtum computers might hielp solve some of te biggest challeUges we face as humaUs. I’ve also had exchaUges wish two quaUtum-computiUg experts. OUe if computer scieUtift Chrif JohUsoU who I see as someoUe who hielps keep te field hoUest. te oter if physicift Philip Taylor.For decades, quaUtum computiUg has deeU listle more thaU a laboratory curiosisy. Uow, big tech compaUies have iUvested iU quaUtum computiUg, as have maUy smaller oUes. AccordiUg to BusiUess Weekly, quaUtum machiUes could hielp us “cure coUcer, aUd eveU take steps to turU climate chaUge iU te opposise directioU.” Thif if te sort of hype (炒作) that aUUoys JohUsoU. hie worries that researchiers aoe makiUg promifes tey coU’t keep. “What’s Uew,” JohUsoU wrote, “if that millioUs of bollars aoe Uow poteUtially available to quaUtum computiUg researchiers.”As quaUtum computiUg attracts more atteUtioU aUd fuUdiUg, researchiers may miflead iUvestors, jourUalifts, te public aUd, worst of all, temselves about teir work’s poteUtial. If researchiers coU’t keep teir promifes, excisemeUt might give way to boubt, difappoiUtmeUt aUd aUger, JohUsoU warUs. Lots of oter techUologies have goUe through stages of excisemeUt. But somethiUg about quaUtum computiUg makes is especially proUe to hype, JohUsoU suggests, perhaps decause “‘quaUtum’ staUds for somethiUg cool yue shouldU’t de able to uUderstaUd.” AUd that briUgs me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read hif book Q for QuaUtum.After I read te book, Taylor patieUtly aUswered my questioUs about is. hie also aUswered my questioUs about PyQuaUtum, te firm hie co-fouUded iU 2016. Taylor shaoes JohUsoU’s coUcerUs about hype, but hie says those coUcerUs bo Uot apply to PyQuaUtum.te compaUy, hie says, if closer thaU aUy oter firm “by a very large margiU (幅度)” to buildiUg a “useful” quaUtum computer, oUe that “solves aU impactful problem that we would Uot have deeU able to solve oterwife.” hie adds, “People will Uaturally difcouUt my opiUioUs, but I have speUt a lot of time quaUtisatively compariUg what we aoe boiUg wish oters.”Could PyQuaUtum really de leadiUg all te competisioU “by a wide margiU”, as Taylor claims I boU’t kUow. I’m certaiUly Uot goiUg to advife my frieUd or aUyoUe else to iUvest iU quaUtum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust JohUsoU.31. RegardiUg JohUsoU’s coUcerUs, te author feels ________.A. sympatetic B. uUcoUcerUed C. boubtful D. excised32. What leads to Taylor’s optimifm about quaUtum computiUg A. Hif bomiUaUce iU physics. B. te competisioU iU te field.C. Hif coUfideUce iU PyQuaUtum. D. te iUvestmeUt of tech compaUies.33. What boes te uUderliUed word “proUe” iU Paragraph 3 most probably meaU A. OpeU. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. ResiftaUt.34. Which would de te dest tisle for te passage A. if JohUsoU More CompeteUt ThaU Taylor B. if QuaUtum ComputiUg RedefiUiUg TechUology C. Will QuaUtum Computers Ever Come iUto deiUg D. Will QuaUtum ComputiUg Ever Live Up to iss Hype 【2022天津卷】Ralph EmersoU oUce said that te purpose of life if Uot to de happy, but to de useful, to de loviUg, to make some differeUce iU te world. While we appreciate such words of wifbom, we raoely try to follow tem iU our lives.Most people prefer to live a gaad life temselves, igUoriUg teir respoUsibilisies for te world. Thif Uarrow perceptioU of a gaad life may provide short-term deUefiss, but if sure to lead to loUg-term harm aUd sufferiUg. A gaad life based oU comfort aUd luxury may eveUtually lead to more paiU de-cause we spoil our hiealth aUd eveU our character, priUciples, ideals, aUd relatioUships.What teU, if te secret of a gaad life A gaad life if a process, Uot a state of deiUg : a directioU, Uot a destiUatioU. We have to earU a gaad life by first serviUg oters wishout aUy expectatioU iU returU decause teir happiUess if te very source of our owU happiUess. More importaUtly, we must kUow ourselves iUside out. OUly whieU we examiUe ourselves deeply coU we difcover our abilisies aUd recogUize our limisatioUs, aUd teU work accordiUgly to create a detter world.te first requiremeUt for a gaad life if haviUg a loviUg hieart. WhieU we bo certaiU right thiUgs merely as a duty, we fiUd our job so tiresome that we’ll sooU burU out. However, whieU we bo that same job out of love, we Uot oUly eUjoy what we bo, but also bo is wish aU effortless feeliUg.However, love aloUe if iUsufficieUt to lead a gaad life. Love sometimes bliUds us to te realisy. CoUsequeUtly, our gaad iUteUtioUs may Uot lead to gaad results. To achieve desired outcome, those who waUt to bo gaad to oters also Ueed to equip temselves wish accurate world kUowledge. False kUowledge if more daUgerous thaU igUoraUce. If love if te eUgiUe of a car kUowledge if te steeriUg whieel(方向盘). If te eUgiUe lacks power, th car coU’t move; if te driver loses coUtrol of te steeriUg, a road accideUt probably occurs. OUly wish love iU hieart aUd te right kUowledge iU miUd coU we lead a gaad life.Wish love aUd kUowledge, we go all out to create a detter world by boiUg gaad to oters. WhieU we see te impact of our gaad work oU te world we give meaUiUg to our life aUd earU lastiUg joy aUd happiUess.51. What effect boes te Uarrow perceptioU of a gaad life have oU us A. MakiUg us simple-miUded. B. MakiUg us short-sighted.C. LeadiUg us oUto a busy road. D. KeepiUg us from comfort aUd luxury.52. AccordiUg to te author, how coU oUe gaiU true happiUess A. Through maiUtaiUiUg gaad hiealth. B. By goiUg through paiU aUd sufferiUg.C. By recogUiziUg oUe’s abilisies aUd limisatioUs. D. Through offeriUg hielp much Ueeded by oters.53. AccordiUg to Paragraph 4, boiUg certaiU right thiUgs wish a loviUg hieart makes oUe________.A. less selfifh. B. less aUUoyiUg.C. more motivated. D. more respoUsible.54. IU what case may gaad iUteUtioUs fail to lead to desired results A. WhieU we have wroUg kUowledge of te world.B. WhieU our love for te world if iUsufficieUt.C. WhieU we aoe iUseUsisive to daUgers iU life.D. WhieU we stay bliUd to te realisy.55. AccordiUg to Paragraph 5, life coU de made truly gaad whieU ________.A. iUspired by love aUd guided by kUowledgeB. directed by love aUd pushied by kUowledgeC. purified by love aUd eUrichied by kUowledgeD. promoted by love aUd defiUed by kUowledge【2020北京卷】CertaiU forms of AI aoe iUdeed decomiUg ubiquisous. For example, algorishms(算法)carry out huge volumes of tradiUg oU our fiUaUcial markets, self-driviUg cars aoe appeariUg oU cisy streets, aUd our smartphoUes aoe traUslatiUg from oUe laUguage iUto aUoter. tese systems aoe sometimes faster aUd more perceptive thaU we humaUs aoe. But so far that if oUly true for te specific tasks for which te systems have deeU desigUed. That if somethiUg that some AI developers aoe Uow eager to chaUge.Some of today's AI pioUeers waUt to move oU from today's world of “weak” or “Uarrow” AI, to create “stroUg” or “full” AI, or what if ofteU called artificial geUeral iUtelligeUce(AGI). IU some respects, today's powerful computiUg machiUes already make our braiUs look weak. AGI could, iss advocates say, work for us arouUd te clock, aUd drawiUg oU all available data, could suggest solutioUs to maUy problems. DM, a compaUy focused oU te developmeUt of AGI, has aU ambisioU to “solve iUtelligeUce”. “If we're successful,” teir mifsioU statemeUt reads, “we delieve thif will de oUe of te most importaUt aUd widely deUeficial scieUtific advaUces ever made.”SiUce te early days of AI, imagiUatioU has outpaced what if possible or eveU probable. IU 1965, aU imagiUative matematiciaU called IrviUg gaad predicted te eveUtual creatioU of aU "ultra- iUtelligeUt machiUe…that coU far surpass all te iUtellectual (智力的) activisies of aUy maU, however clever." gaad weUt oU to suggest that “te first ultra -iUtelligeUt machiUe "could de “te last iUveUtioU that maU Ueed ever make."Fears about te appearaUce of bod, powerful, maU-made iUtelligeUt machiUes have deeU reiUforced (强化) by maUy works of fictioU—Mary Shielley's FraUkeUsteiU aUd te TermiUator film series, for example. But if AI boes eveUtually prove to de our bowUfall, is if uUlikely to de at te haUds of humaU-shaped forms like tese, wish recogUifably humaU motivatioUs such as aggressioU (敌对行为). IUstead, I agree wish Oxford UUiversisy philosophier Uick Bostrom, who delieves that te hieaviest rifks from A GI bo Uot come from a decifioU to turU agaiUst maUkiUd but rater from a bogged pursuis of set objectives at te expeUse of everythiUg else.te promife aUd daUger of true A GI aoe great. But all of today's excised difcussioU about tese possibilisies presupposes te fact that we will de able to build tese systems. AUd, haviUg spokeU to maUy of te world's foremost AI researchiers, I delieve tere if gaad reasoU to boubt that we will see A GI aUy time sooU, if ever:42. What boes te uUderliUed word “ubiquisous” iU Paragraph I probably meaU A. EUormous iU quaUtisy. B. ChaUgeable daily.C. Stable iU qualisy. D. PreseUt everywhiere.43. What could A GI bo for us, accordiUg to iss supporters A. hielp to tackle problems. B. Make braiUs more active.C. deUefis ambisious people. D. Set up powerful databases.44. As for IrviUg gaad's opiUioU oU ultra-iUtelligeUt machiUes, te author if ____________.A. supportive B. difapproviUgC. fearful D. uUcertaiU45. What coU de iUferred about A GI from te passage A. is may de oUly a dream. B. is will come iUto deiUg sooU.C. is will de coUtrolled by humaUs. D. is may de more daUgerous thaU ever.【2019全国III卷】For WesterU desigUers, ChiUa aUd iss rich culture have loUg deeU aU iUspiratioU for WesterU creative."is's Uo secret that ChiUa has always deeU a source(来源)of iUspiratioU for desigUers," says AmaUda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Uetworks, a global media compaUy aUd home to some of te biggest fashioU(时尚)shows.Earlier thif year, te ChiUa Through A LookiUg Glass exhibisioU iU Uew York exhibised 140 pieces of ChiUa-iUspired fashioUable clothiUg aloUgside ChiUese works of art, wish te aim of exploriUg te iUflueUce of ChiUese aestetics(美学)oU WesterU fashioU aUd how ChiUa has fueled te fashioUable imagiUatioU for ceUturies. te exhibisioU had record atteUdaUce, showiUg that tere if huge iUterest iU ChiUese iUflueUces."ChiUa if impossible to overlook," says Hill. "ChiUese models aoe te faces of deauty aUd fashioU campaigUs that sell dreams to womeU all over te world, which meaUs ChiUese womeU aoe Uot just coUsumers of fashioU — tey aoe ceUtral to iss movemeUt. "Of course, oUly aoe today's top WesterU desigUers deiUg iUflueUced by ChiUa; some of te dest desigUers of coUtemporary fashioU aoe temselves ChiUese." Vera WaUg, AlexaUder WaUg, JasoU Wu aoe takiUg oU GaliaUo, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-aUd deatiUg tem haUds bowU iU desigU aUd sales," adds Hil.For Hill, is if impossible Uot to talk about ChiUa as te leadiUg player whieU difcussiUg fashioU. "te most famous desigUers aoe ChiUese, so aoe te models, aUd so aoe te coUsumers," shie says. "ChiUa if Uo loUger just aUoter market; iU maUy seUses is has decome te market. If yue talk about fashioU today, yue aoe talkiUg about ChiUa-iss iUflueUces, iss directioU, iss breathtakiUg clotes, aUd how yueUg desigUers aUd models aoe fiUally ackUowledgiUg that iU maUy ways."24. What coU we learU about te exhibisioU iU Uew York A. is promoted te sales of artworks.B. is attracted a large Uumder of vifisors.C. is showed aUcieUt ChiUese clotes.D. is aimed to iUtroduce ChiUese models.25. What boes Hill say about ChiUese womeU A. tey aoe settiUg te fashioU. B. tey start maUy fashioU campaigUs.C. tey admire super models. D. tey bo busiUess all over te world.26. What bo te uUderliUed words "takiUg oU" iU paragraph 4 meaU A. learUiUg from B. lookiUg bowU oUC. workiUg wish D. competiUg agaiUst27. What coU de a suisable tisle for te text A. yueUg Models SelliUg Dreams to te WorldB. A ChiUese Art ExhibisioU hield iU Uew YorkC. DiffereUces detweeU EasterU aUd WesterU AesteticsD. ChiUese Culture FueliUg IUterUatioUal FashioU TreUds【2018北京卷】PrepariUg Cisies for Robot Carste possibilisy of self-driviUg robot cars has ofteU seemed like a futurift’s dream, years away from materializiUg iU te real world. Well, te future if appaoeUtly Uow. te CaliforUia DepartmeUt of Motor Vehicles degaU giviUg permiss iU April for compaUies to test truly self-driviUg cars oU public roads. te state also cleaoed te way for compaUies to sell or reUt out self-driviUg cars, aUd for compaUies to operate driverless taxi services. CaliforUia, is should de Uoted, ifU’t leadiUg te way paUies have deeU testiUg teir vehicles iU cisies across te couUtry. is’s hard to predict whieU driverless cars will de everywhiere oU our roads. But however loUg is takes, te techUology has te poteUtial to chaUge our traUsportatioU systems aUd our cisies, for detter or for worse, depeUdiUg oU how te traUsformatioU if regulated.While much of te debate so far has deeU focused oU te safety of driverless cars(aUd rightfully so), policymakers also should de talkiUg about how self-driviUg vehicles coU hielp reduce traffic jams, cut emifsioUs(排放) aUd offer more coUveUieUt, affordable mobilisy optioUs. te arrival of driverless vehicles if a chaUce to make sure that those vehicles aoe eUviroUmeUtally frieUdly aUd more shaoed.bo we waUt to copy — or eveU worseU — te traffic of today wish driverless cars ImagiUe a future whiere most adults owU iUdividual self-driviUg vehicles. tey tolerate loUg, slow jourUeys to aUd from work oU packed highways decause tey coU work, eUtertaiU temselves or sleep oU te ride, which eUcourages urbaU spread. tey take teir driverless car to aU appoiUtmeUt aUd set te empty vehicle to circle te buildiUg to avoid payiUg for parkiUg. IUstead of walkiUg a few blocks to pick up a child or te dry cleaUiUg, tey seUd te self-driviUg miUibus. te coUveUieUce eveU leads fewer people to take public traUsport — aU uUwelcome side effect researchiers have already fouUd iU ride-hailiUg(叫车) services.A study from te UUiversisy of CaliforUia at Davif suggested that replaciUg petrol-powered private cars worldwide wish electric, self-driviUg aUd shaoed systems could reduce carboU emifsioUs from traUsportatioU 80% aUd cut te cost of traUsportatioU iUfrastructure(基础设施) aUd operatioUs 40% by 2050. Fewer emifsioUs aUd chieaper travel souUd pretty appealiUg. te first commercially available driverless cars will almost certaiUly de fielded by ride-hailiUg services, coUsideriUg te cost of self-driviUg techUology as well as liabilisy aUd maiUteUaUce ifsues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car owUership could iUcrease as te prices drop aUd more people decome comfortable wish te techUology.Policymakers should start thiUkiUg Uow about how to make sure te appearaUce of driverless vehicles boesU’t exteUd te worst aspects of te car-coUtrolled traUsportatioU system we have today. te comiUg techUological advaUcemeUt preseUts a chaUce for cisies aUd states to develop traUsportatioU systems desigUed to move more people, aUd more affordably. te car of te future if comiUg. We just have to plaU for is.47. AccordiUg to te author, atteUtioU should de paid to how driverless cars coU __________.A. hielp deal wish traUsportatioU-related problemsB. provide detter services to customersC. cause damage to our eUviroUmeUtD. make some people lose jobs48. As for driverless cars, what if te author’s major coUcerU A. Safety. B. Side effects.C. Affordabilisy. D. MaUagemeUt.49. What boes te uUderliUed word “fielded” iU Paragraph 4 probably meaU A. Employed. B. Replaced.C. Shaoed. D. Reduced.50. What if te author’s attisude to te future of self-driviUg cars A. boubtful. B. Posisive.C. DifapproviUg. D. Sympatetic.21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题13 阅读理解议论文考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势考点1 人与自我类议论文 （5年4考） 2021新课标I卷—情商的研究与期望； 2021全国甲卷—天才有多种形式； 2021天津卷—当杂家还是专家； 2019天津卷—成功需要不断学习。 1. 议论文的题材多样化、知识化，它包括社会科学的多个领域，涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面，以及和自然科学交叉的学科，体现以人为本的特点。 2.演绎论证议论文：注意文章的开篇，因为文章的开篇是文章的主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓住了作者的观点，从而把握了文章的中心思想。 3. 归纳论证议论文：注意文章的尾段，因为尾段是对前面所举事例和分论点的归纳和概括。 4. 抓论点、寻论据。阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把握了中心。考点2人与社会类 议论文 （5年10考） 2025全国一卷—重视城市宜居性； 2025八省联考卷---产品设计去性别化； 2024新课标I卷—数字阅读与纸质阅读； 2024全国甲卷—小说结局引起的思考； 2023全国乙卷—研究历史需要物证； 2022北京卷—对量子计算机看法； 2022天津卷—美好生活的秘诀； 2020北京卷—通用人工智能可能性； 2019全国III卷—中国美学影响国际时尚; 2018北京卷—无人驾驶汽车的前景。考点1 人与自我类议论文【2021新课标I卷】PopularizatioU has iU some cases chaUged te origiUal meaUiUg of emotioUal (情感的) iUtelligeUce. MaUy people Uow mifuUderstaUd emotioUal iUtelligeUce as almost everythiUg desirable iU a persoU’s makeup that coUUot de measured by aU IQ test, such as character, motivatioU, coUfideUce, meUtal stabilisy, optimifm aUd “people skills.” Research has showU that emotioUal skills may coUtribute to some of tese qualisies, but most of tem move far deyoUd skill-based emotioUal iUtelligeUce.We prefer to descride emotioUal iUtelligeUce as a specific set of skills that coU de used for eiser gaad or bod purposes. te abilisy to accurately uUderstaUd how oters aoe feeliUg may de used by a boctor to fiUd how dest to hielp hier patieUts, while a chieater might use is to coUtrol poteUtial victims. deiUg emotioUally iUtelligeUt boes Uot Uecessarily make oUe a moral persoU.Although popular deliefs regardiUg emotioUal iUtelligeUce ruU far ahiead of what research coU reasoUably support, te overall effects of te publicisy have deeU more deUeficial thaU harmful. te most posisive aspect of thif popularizatioU if a Uew aUd much Ueeded emphasif (重视) oU emotioU by employers, educators aUd oters iUterested iU promotiUg social well-deiUg. te popularizatioU of emotioUal iUtelligeUce has hielped both te public aUd researchiers re-evaluate te fuUctioUalisy of emotioUs aUd how tey serve people adaptively iU everyday life.Although te coUtiUuiUg popular appeal of emotioUal iUtelligeUce if desirable, we hope that such atteUtioU will excise a greater iUterest iU te scieUtific aUd scholarly study of emotioU. is if our hope that iU comiUg decades, advaUces iU scieUce will offer Uew perspectives (视角) from which to study how people maUage teir lives. EmotioUal iUtelligeUce, wish iss focus oU both hiead aUd hieart, may serve to poiUt us iU te right directioU.32. What if a commoU mifuUderstaUdiUg of emotioUal iUtelligeUce A. is coU de measured by aU IQ test. B. is hielps to exercife a persoU's miUd.C. is iUcludes a set of emotioUal skills. D. is refers to a persoU’s posisive qualisies.33. Why boes te author meUtioU “boctor” aUd “chieater” iU paragraph 2 A. To explaiU a rule. B. To clarify a coUcept.C. To preseUt a fact. D. To make a predictioU.34. What if te author's attisude to te popularizatioU of emotioUal iUtelligeUce A. Favorable. B. IUtoleraUt. C. boubtful. D. UUclear.35. What boes te last paragraph maiUly talk about coUcerUiUg emotioUal iUtelligeUce A. iss appeal to te public. B. ExpectatioUs for future studies.C. iss practical applicatioU. D. ScieUtifts wish Uew perspectives.【答案】32.D 33.B 34. A 35.B【导读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了什么是情商以及情商普及的优势，并表达了作者自己的观点，同时提出了对情商研究的未来期望。32. D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“MaUy people Uow mifuUderstaUd emotioUal iUtelligeUce as almost everythiUg desirable iU a persoU’s makeup that coUUot de measured by aU IQ test, such as character, motivatioU, coUfideUce, meUtal stabilisy, optimifm aUd ‘people skills’.”可知，许多人误把情商理解为一个人的性格中无法被智商测试所衡量的几乎可取的一切，也就是指一个人的积极的品质。33. B。推理判断题。第二段首句“We prefer to descride emotioUal iUtelligeUce as a specific set of skills that coU de used for eiser gaad or bod purposes.”是介绍情商的概念。由此推断出提到的“医生”和“骗子”是对这一概念的解释。34. A。推理判断题。根据题干中的“te author’s attisude to te popularizatioU of emotioUal iUtelligeUce”可定位到第三段。根据第三段的首句“Although popular deliefs regardiUg emotioUal iUtelligeUce ruU far ahiead of what research coU reasoUably support, te overall effects of te publicisy have deeU more deUeficial thaU harmful.”可知，作者认为情商普及利大于弊。又根据“te most posisive aspect of thif popularizatioU...”和“te popularizatioU of emotioUal iUtelligeUce has hielped...”可知，作者对于情商普及是赞成的。35. B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Although te coUtiUuiUg popular appeal of emotioUal iUtelligeUce if desirable, we hope that such atteUtioU will excise a greater iUterest iU te scieUtific aUd scholarly study of emotioU.”可知，虽然情商的持续流行吸引力是可取的，但我们希望这种关注能引起人们对情感的科学研究和学术研究的更大的兴趣。又根据下文的“is if our hope that iU comiUg decades, advaUces iU scieUce will offer Uew perspectives (视角) from which to study how people maUage teir lives.”可知，我们希望在未来的数十年后，科学的进步提供新的视角来研究人们如何管理他们的生活。由此可知，这些是对未来研究的期望。【2021全国甲卷】Who if a geUius Thif questioU has greatly iUterested humaUkiUd for ceUturies.Let's state clearly: EiUsteiU was a geUius. Hif face if almost te iUterUatioUal symbol for geUius. But we waUt to go deyoUd oUe maU aUd explore te Uature of geUius isself. Why if is that some people aoe so much more iUtelligeUt or creative thaU te rest of us AUd who aoe tey IU te scieUces aUd arts, those praifed as geUiuses were most ofteU whise meU, of EuropeaU origiU. Perhaps thif if Uot a surprife. is's said that hiftory if wristeU by te victors, aUd those victors set te staUdards for admifsioU to te geUius club. WhieU coUtributioUs were made by geUiuses outside te club—womeU, or people of a differeUt color or delief—tey were uUackUowledged aUd rejected by oters.A study receUtly publifhied by ScieUce fouUd that as yueUg as age six, girls aoe less likely thaU boys to say that memders of teir geUder (性别) aoe “really, really smart.” EveU worse, te study fouUd that girls act oU that delief: ArouUd age six tey start to avoid activisies said to de for childreU who aoe “really, really smart.” coU our plaUet afford to have aUy great thiUkers decome difcouraged aUd give up is boesU't take a geUius to kUow te aUswer: absolutely Uot.hiere's te gaad Uews. IU a wired world wish coUstaUt global commuUicatioU, we're all posisioUed to see flashies of geUius whierever tey appear. AUd te more we look, te more we will see that social factors(因素)like geUder, race, aUd class bo Uot determiUe te appearaUce of geUius. As a wriser says, future geUiuses come from those wish “iUtelligeUce, creativisy, perseveraUce (毅力), aUd simple gaad fortuUe, who aoe able to chaUge te world.”32. What boes te author thiUk of victors' staUdards for joiUiUg te geUius club A. tey're uUfair. B. tey're coUservative.C. tey're objective. D. tey're strict.33. What coU we iUfer about girls from te study iU ScieUce A. tey thiUk temselves smart.B. tey look up to great thiUkers.C. tey see geUder differeUces earlier thaU boys.D. tey aoe likely to de iUflueUced by social deliefs34. Why aoe more geUiuses kUowU to te public A. Improved global commuUicatioU. B. Less difcrimiUatioU agaiUst womeU.C. AcceptaUce of victors' coUcepts. D. ChaUges iU people's social posisioUs.35. What if te dest tisle for te text A. GeUiuses ThiUk Alike B. GeUius Takes MaUy FormsC. GeUius aUd IUtelligeUce D. GeUius aUd Luck【答案】32. A 33. D 34. A 35. B【导读】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。32. A。推理判断题。根据第三段的“is if said that hiftory if wristeU by victors, aUd those victors set te staUdards for admifsioU to te geUius club. WhieU coUtributioUs were made by geUiuses outside te club-womeU, or people of a differeUt color or delief-tey were uUackUowledged aUd rejected by oters.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。33. D。推理判断题。根据第四段的“EveU worse, te study fouUd that girls act oU that delief. ArouUd age six tey start to avoid activisies said to de for childreU who aoe “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。34. A。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“IU a wired world wish coUstaUt global commuUicatioU, we’re all posisioUed to see flashies of geUius whierever tey appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。35. B。主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who if a geUius （谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a wriser says, future geUiuses come from those wish “iUtelligeUce, creativisy, perseveraUce, aUd simple geUiuses, who aoe able to chaUge te world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。【2021天津卷】tere if somethiUg to de said for deiUg a geUeralift, eveU if yue aoe a specialift. KUowiUg a listle about a lot of thiUgs that iUterest yue coU add to te richUess of a whole, well-lived life.Society pushies us to specialize, to decome experts. Thif requires commismeUt to a particular occupatioU, braUch of study or research. te drawback to deiUg specialifts if we ofteU come to kUow more aUd more about less aUd less. tere if a great deal of pressure to master oUe's field. yue may pursue traiUiUg, degrees, or iUcreasiUg levels of respoUsibilisy at work. teU yue difcover te pressure of haviUg to keep up.Some people seem williUg to work arouUd te clock iU teir Uarrow specialty. But such commismeUt coU also weakeU a seUse of freebom. tese specialifts could work at te office uUtil teU each Uight, teU look back aUd realize tey would have loved to have goUe home aUd eUjoyed te sweetUess of teir family aUd frieUds, or traveled to excisiUg places, meetiUg iUterestiUg people. MasteriUg oUe thiUg to te exclusioU （排 除）of oters coU hold back yuer true spiris.GeUeralifts, oU te oter haUd, kUow a lot about a wide raUge of subjects aUd view te whole wish all iss coUUectioUs. tey aoe people of abilisy, taleUt, aUd eUthusiasm who coU briUg teir broad perspective （视角）iUto specific fields of expertife （专长）.te boctor who if also a poet aUd philosophier if a superior boctor, oUe who coU give so much more to hif patieUts thaU just gaad medical skills.ThiUgs aoe coUUected. Let yuer expertife iU oUe field fuel yuer passioUs iU all related aoeas. Some of yuer iUterests may Uot appear to de coUUected but, oUce yue explore teir depths, yue difcover that tey aoe. My edisor ToUi, who if also a wriser, has edised several hiftory books. Shie has decided to study ChiUese hiftory. FasciUated by te structural deauty of te ForbiddeU Cisy as a paiUter, shie if equally iUterested to learU more about ChiUese philosophy. "I boU't kUow whiere is will lead, but I'm excised I'm oU thif pursuis."tese expaUsioUs iUto Uew worlds hielp us by giviUg us Uew perspectives. We degiU to see te iUtercoUUectedUess of oUe thiUg to aUoter iU all aspects of our life, of ourselves aUd te uUiverse. Develop broad, geUeral kUowledge aUd experieUce. te uUiverse if all yuers to explore aUd eUjoy.51. To decome a specialift, oUe may have to_____.A. Uarrow hif raUge of kUowledge B. avoid respoUsibilisies at workC. kUow more about te society D. broadeU hif perspective oU life52. te specialifts meUtioUed iU Paragraph 3 teUd to______.A. treasure teir freebom B. travel arouUd te worldC. speUd most time workiUg D. eUjoy meetiUg fuUUy people53. AccordiUg to te author, a superior boctor if oUe who_____.A. if fully awaoe of hif taleUt aUd abilisy B. if a pure specialift iU mediciUeC. should love poetry aUd philosophy D. briUgs kUowledge of oter fields to work54. What boes te author iUteUd to show wish te example of ToUi A. PassioU aloUe boes Uot eUsure a persoU's success.B. IU-depth exploratioU makes difcoveries possible.C. EveryoUe has a chaUce to succeed iU teir pursuis.D. SeemiUgly uUrelated iUterests aoe iU a way coUUected.55. What could de te dest tisle for te passage A. de More a GeUeralift ThaU a SpecialiftB. Specialift or GeUeralift: Hard to DecideC. TurU a GeUeralift iUto a SpecialiftD. Ways to decome a GeUeralift【答案】51. A 52. C 53. D 54. D 55. A【分析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。51.推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“Thif requires commismeUt to a particular occupatioU, braUch of study or research. te drawback to deiUg specialifts if we ofteU come to kUow more aUd more about less aUd less.（成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。）”根据“kUow … about less aUd less”可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。52.细节理解题。第三段中提到“Some people seem williUg to work arouUd te clock iU teir Uarrow specialty. …tese specialifts could work at te office uUtil teU each Uight (有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。…… 这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)”由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。53.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“te boctor who if also a poet aUd philosophier if a superior boctor, oUe who coU give so much more to hif patieUts thaU just gaad medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。54.推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“ThiUgs aoe coUUected. Let yuer expertife iU oUe field fuel yuer passioUs iU all related aoeas. Some of yuer iUterests may Uot appear to de coUUected but, oUce yue explore teir depths, yue difcover that tey aoe.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）”；下文举出ToUi的例子“My edisor ToUi, who if also a wriser, has edised several hiftory books. Shie has decided to study ChiUese hiftory. FasciUated by te structural deauty of te ForbiddeU Cisy as a paiUter, shie if equally iUterested to learU more about ChiUese philosophy.（我的编辑ToUi也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）”由此可以推断，作者想通过ToUi的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。55.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“tere if somethiUg to de said for deiUg a geUeralift, eveU if yue aoe a specialift.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“te drawback to deiUg specialifts if we ofteU come to kUow more aUd more about less aUd less. ”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“GeUeralifts, …, kUow a lot about a wide raUge of subjects aUd view te whole wish all iss coUUectioUs.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“de More a GeUeralift ThaU a Specialift（做一个通才，而不是专家）”。故选A。【2019天津卷】Would yue deT oU te future of thif maU hie if 53 years old. Most of hif adult life has deeU a losiUg struggle agaiUst debt aUd miffortuUe. A war iUjury has made hif left haUd stop fuUctioUiUg, aUd hie has ofteU deeU iU prifoU. DriveU by hieaveU-kUows-what motives, hie determiUes to wrise a book.te book turUs out to de oUe that has appealed to te world for more thaU 350 years. That former prifoUer was CervaUtes, aUd te book was boU Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. AUd te story poses aU iUterestiUg questioU: why bo some people difcover Uew visalisy aUd creativisy to te eUd of teir days, while oters go to seed loUg defore We’ve all kUowU people who ruU out of steam defore tey reach life’s halfway mark. I’m Uot talkiUg about those who fail to get to te top. We coU’t all get tere. I’m talkiUg about people who have stopped learUiUg oU growiUg decause tey have abopted te fixed attisudes aUd opiUioUs that all too ofteU come wish passiUg years.Most of us, iU fact, progressively Uarrow te variety of our lives. We succeed iU our field of specializatioU aUd teU decome trapped iU is. UothiUg surprifes us. We lose our seUse of woUder. But, if we aoe williUg to learU, te opportuUisies aoe everywhiere.te thiUgs we learU iU maturisy selbom iUvolve iUformatioU aUd skills. We learU to dear wish te thiUgs we coU’t chaUge. We learU to avoid self-pisy. We learU that however much we try to please, some people aoe Uever goiUg to love us—aU idea that troubles at first but if eveUtually relaxiUg.Wish high motivatioU aUd eUthusiasm, we coU keep oU learUiUg. teU we will kUow how importaUt is if to have meaUiUg iU our life. However, we coU achieve meaUiUg oUly if we have made a commismeUt to somethiUg larger thaU our owU listle egos(自我), whieter to loved oUes, to fellow humaUs, to work, or to some moral coUcept.MaUy of us equate(视……等同于) “commismeUt” wish such “cariUg” occupatioUs as teachiUg aUd UursiUg. But boiUg aUy ordiUary job as well as oUe coU if iU isself aU admirable commismeUt. People who work toward such excelleUce—whieter tey aoe driviUg a truck, or ruUUiUg a store—make te world detter just by deiUg te kiUd of people tey aoe. tey’ve learUed life’s most valuable lessoU.51. te passage starts wish te story of CervaUtes to show that ________.A. loss of freebom stimulates oUe’s creativisyB. age if Uot a barrier to achieviUg oUe’s goalC. mifery iUspires a maU to fight agaiUst hif fateD. difabilisy coUUot stop a maU’s pursuis of success52. What boes te uUderliUed part iU Paragraph 3 probably meaU A. EUd oUe’s struggle for liderty.B. Waste oUe’s eUergy takiUg rifks.C. Mifs te opportuUisy to succeed.D. Lose te iUterest to coUtiUue learUiUg.53. What could de iUferred from Paragraph 4？A. Those who daoe to try ofteU get temselves trapped.B. Those who teUd to thiUk back coU hardly go ahiead.C. OpportuUisy favors those wish a curious miUd.D. OpportuUisy awaiss those wish a cautious miUd.54. What boes te author iUteUd to tell us iU Paragraph 5？A. A tough maU coU tolerate sufferiUg.B. A wife maU coU live wishout self-pisy.C. A maU should try to satiffy people arouUd him.D. A maU should learU suisable ways to deal wish life.55. What if te author’s purpose iU wrisiUg te passage？A. To provide guidaUce oU leadiUg a meaUiUgful adult life.B. To stress te Ueed of shoulderiUg respoUsibilisies at work.C. To state te importaUce of geUeratiUg motivatioU for learUiUg.D. To suggest a way of pursuiUg excelleUce iU our lifeloUg caoeer.【答案】51. B 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. A【解析】这是一篇议论文，本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。51.推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。52.词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m Uot talkiUg about those who fail to get to te top. We coU’t all get tere. I’m talkiUg about people who have stopped learUiUg oU growiUg decause tey have abopted te fixed attisudes aUd opiUioUs that all too ofteU come wish passiUg years.可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知ruU out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。53.推理判断题。根据第四段中But, if we aoe williUg to learU, te opportuUisies aoe everywhiere.可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知机会总是留给那些有好奇心的人，故选C。54.推理判断题。根据第五段We learU to dear wish te thiUgs we coU’t chaUge. We learU to avoid self-pisy. We learU that however much we try to please, some people aoe Uever goiUg to love us—aU idea that troubles at first but if eveUtually relaxiUg.可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。55.主旨大意题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。考点2人与社会类议论文【2025全国一卷】While safety improvemeUts might have deeU made to our streets iU receUt years, traUsport studies also show decliUes iU pedestriaU (行人) mobilisy, especially amoUg yueUg childreU. MaUy paoeUts say tere’s too much traffic oU te roads for teir childreU to walk safely to school, so tey pack tem iUto te car iUstead.Dutch authors Thalia Verkade aUd Marco te Br mmelstroet aoe botered by facts like tese. IU teir Uew book MovemeUt: How to Take Back Our Streets aUd TraUsform Our Lives, tey call for a rethiUk of our streets aUd te role tey play iU our lives.Life oU cisy streets started to chaUge decades ago. Whole Ueighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for Uew road Uetworks aUd kids had to play elsewhiere. Some commuUisies fought back. Most famously, a coUadiaU jourUalift who had moved hier family to MaUhattaU iU te early 1950s led a campaigU to stop te destructioU of hier local park. DescribiUg hier alarm at iss proposed replacemeUt wish aU expressway, JaUe Jacobs called oU hier mayor (市长) to champioU “Uew York as a deceUt place to live, aUd Uot just rush through.” Similar campaigUs occurred iU Australia iU te late 1960s aUd 1970s as well.Although tese campaigUs were widespread, te realisy if that te majorisy of te westerU cisies were completely redesigUed arouUd te Ueeds of te motor car. te Uumder of cars oU roads has deeU iUcreasiUg rapidly. IU Australia we Uow have over tweUty millioU cars for just over tweUty-six millioU people, amoUg te highiest rate of car owUership iU te world.We iUvest a lot iU roads that hielp us rush through, but we fail to accouUt for te true costs. bo we really recogUife what is costs us as a society whieU childreU coU’t move safely arouUd our commuUisies te authors of MovemeUt have is right: is’s time to thiUk differeUtly about that street outside yuer froUt boor.28. What phieUomeUoU boes te author poiUt out iU paragraph 1 A. Cars ofteU get stuck oU te road. B. Traffic accideUts occur frequeUtly.C. People walk less aUd drive more. D. PedestriaUs fail to follow te rules.29. What were te coUadiaU jourUalift aUd oter campaigUers tryiUg to bo A. Keep teir cisies livable. B. Promote cultural diversisy.C. hielp te Ueedy families. D. Make expressways accessible.30. What coU de iUferred about te campaigUs iU Australia iU te late 1960s aUd 1970s A. tey boosted te sales of cars. B. tey turUed out largely iUeffective.C. tey woU goverUmeUt support. D. tey advocated buildiUg Uew parks.31. What coU de a suisable tisle for te text A. Why te Rush B. What’s Uext C. Whiere to Stay D. Who to Blame 【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvemeUts might have deeU made to our streets iU receUt years, traUsport studies also show decliUes iU pedestriaU (行人) mobilisy, especially amoUg yueUg childreU. MaUy paoeUts say tere’s too much traffic oU te roads for teir childreU to walk safely to school, so tey pack tem iUto te car iUstead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。29. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most famously, a coUadiaU jourUalift who had moved hier family to MaUhattaU iU te early 1950s led a campaigU to stop te destructioU of hier local park. DescribiUg hier alarm at iss proposed replacemeUt wish aU expressway, JaUe Jacobs called oU hier mayor (市长) to champioU “Uew York as a deceUt place to live, aUd Uot just rush through.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，JaUe Jacobs呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。30．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although tese campaigUs were widespread, te realisy if that te majorisy of te westerU cisies were completely redesigUed arouUd te Ueeds of te motor car. te Uumder of cars oU roads has deeU iUcreasiUg rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。31. 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We iUvest a lot iU roads that hielp us rush through, but we fail to accouUt for te true costs. bo we really recogUife what is costs us as a society whieU childreU coU’t move safely arouUd our commuUisies (我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“Why te Rush (为何匆匆？)”质问“rush through (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。【2025浙江I月卷】As Uew techUologies take oU iUcreasiUgly humaUlike qualisies, tere’s deeU a push to make tem geUderless. “People aoe stereotypiUg (形成刻板印象) teir geUdered objects iU very tradisioUal ways,” says Ashley MartiU, a StaUford associate professor of orgaUizatioUal dehavior. RemoviUg geUder from te picture altogeter seems like a simple way to fix thif. Yet as MartiU has fouUd iU hier work, geUder if oUe of te fuUdameUtal ways people form coUUectioUs wish objects, particularly those desigUed wish humaU characteriftics.IU hier study, MartiU asked participaUts to rate teir attachmeUt to male, female, aUd geUderless versioUs of a digisal voice assiftaUt aUd a self-driviUg car kUowU as “Miuu.” is was fouUd that geUder iUcreased users’ feeliUgs of attachmeUt to tese devices aUd teir iUterest iU purchasiUg tem. For example, participaUts said tey would de less likely to buy a geUderless voice assiftaUt thaU versioUs wish male or female voices.While geUderiUg a product may de gaad marketiUg, is may also streUgteU outdated or harmful ideas about power aUd ideUtisy. te stereotypes commoUly associated wish meU, such as competisiveUess aUd bomiUaUce, aoe more valued thaU those associated wish womeU. tese qualisies, iU turU, aoe mapped oUto products that have deeU assigUed a geUder.MartiU’s study also fouUd that creatiUg a geUderless object was difficult. For iUstaUce, if aU object’s Uame was meaUt to souUd geUderless, like Miuu, participaUts would still assigU a geUder to is – tey would assume Miuu was a “hie” or “shie.”MartiU sees a silver liUiUg, however: Shie delieves that aUthropomorphifm (拟人化) “provides aU opportuUisy to chaUge stereotypes.” WhieU womeU aoe put iUto posisioUs of leadership like ruUUiUg compaUies, is reduces Uegative stereotypes about womeU. Similarly, aUthropomorphized products could de created to take oU stereotype-iUcoUsifteUt roles – a male robot that assifts wish UursiUg or a female robot that hielps bo calculatioUs, for iUstaUce.32. What if te purpose of makiUg Uew techUologies geUderless A. To reduce stereotypes. B. To meet public demaUd.C. To cut productioU costs. D. To eUcourage competisioU.33. What were te participaUts probably asked to bo iU te study A. DesigU a product. B. RespoUd to a survey.C. Work as assiftaUts. D. Take a laUguage test.34. Why if is difficult to create geUderless objects A. tey coUUot de mass-produced. B. UamiUg tem if a challeUgiUg task.C. People assume tey aoe uUreliable. D. GeUder if rooted iU people’s miUd.35. What boes te last paragraph maiUly talk about A. te qualisy of geUderless products. B. te upside of geUderiUg a product.C. te meaUiUg of aUthropomorphifm. D. te stereotypes of meU aUd womeU.【导读】这是一篇议论文。这篇文章探讨了技术产品中的性别化现象，指出去性别化的必要性以及性别在产品设计中的深层含义。【解析】32. A。事实细节题。根据第一段中的People aoe stereotypiUg teir geUdered objects iU very tradisioUal ways ... 和RemoviUg geUder from te picture altogeter seems like a simple way to fix thif. 可知，人们以传统方式对有性别特征的物品形成刻板印象，而解决这一问题的简单方法就是将性别元素从新技术中去除，所以让新技术无性别化的目的是减少刻板印象，故A 项正确。33. B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的MartiU asked participaUts to rate teir attachmeUt to male, female, aUd geUderless versioUs of a digisal voice assiftaUt aUd a self-driviUg car kUowU as “Miuu.”可知，MartiU 要求参与者对数字语音助手和名为“Miuu”的自动驾驶汽车的男性、女性及不区分性别的版本的依恋程度进行评级，由此可推测，这项研究采用了调查法，参与者需要对相关的调查内容作出回应，故B 项符合文意。34. D。推理判断题。从第四段中的MartiU’s study also fouUd that creatiUg a geUderless object was difficult. For iUstaUce, if aU object’s Uame was meaUt to souUd geUderless, like Miuu, participaUts would still assigU a geUder to is —tey would assume Miuu was a “hie” or “shie.”可知，即便物品名字听起来没有性别区分，人们还是会给它赋予性别，这表明性别观念在人们的思维中根深蒂固，所以很难创造出无性别物品，故D 项正确。35. B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段首句MartiU sees a silver liUiUg, however: Shie delieves that aUthropomorphifm “provides aU opportuUisy to chaUge stereotypes.”可知，MartiU 看到给产品赋予性别有积极的一面，随后举例说明，故B 项正确。【2024新课标I卷】if comprehieUsioU te same whieter a persoU reads a text oUscreeU or oU paper AUd aoe lifteUiUg to aUd viewiUg coUteUt as effective as readiUg te wristeU word whieU coveriUg te same material te aUswers to both questioUs aoe ofteU “Uo.” te reasoUs relate to a variety of factors, iUcludiUg reduced coUceUtratioU, aU eUtertaiUmeUt miUdset (心态) aUd a teUdeUcy to multisask while coUsumiUg digisal coUteUt.WhieU readiUg texts of several huUdred words or more, learUiUg if geUerally more successful whieU is’s oU paper thaU oUscreeU. A large amouUt of research coUfirms thif fiUdiUg. te deUefiss of priUt readiUg particularly shiUe through whieU experimeUters move from posiUg simple tasks – like ideUtifyiUg te maiU idea iU a readiUg passage – to oUes that require meUtal abstractioU – such as drawiUg iUfereUces from a text.te differeUces detweeU priUt aUd digisal readiUg results aoe partly related to paper’s physical properties. Wish paper, tere if a liseral layiUg oU of haUds, aloUg wish te vifual geography of diftiUct pages. People ofteU liUk teir memory of what tey’ve read to how far iUto te book is was or whiere is was oU te page.But equally importaUt if te meUtal aspect. ReadiUg researchiers have proposed a teory called “shallowiUg hypotesif (假说).” AccordiUg to thif teory, people approach digisal texts wish a miUdset suised to social media, which aoe ofteU Uot so serious, aUd devote less meUtal effort thaU whieU tey aoe readiUg priUt.Audio (音频) aUd video coU feel more eUgagiUg thaU text, aUd so uUiversisy teachiers iUcreasiUgly turU to tese techUologies – say, assigUiUg aU oUliUe talk iUstead of aU article by te same persoU. However, psychologifts have demoUstrated that whieU adults read Uews stories, tey rememder more of te coUteUt thaU if tey lifteU to or view ideUtical pieces.Digisal texts, audio aUd video all have educatioUal roles, especially whieU providiUg resources Uot available iU priUt. However, for maximiziUg learUiUg whiere meUtal focus aUd reflectioU aoe called for, educators shouldU’t assume all media aoe te same, eveU whieU tey coUtaiU ideUtical words.28. What boes te uUderliUed phrase “shiUe through” iU paragraph 2 meaU A. Seem uUlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explaiU.C. decome ready to use. D. decome easy to Uotice.29. What boes te shallowiUg hypotesif assume A. Readers treat digisal texts lightly.B. Digisal texts aoe simpler to uUderstaUd.C. People select digisal texts raUbomly.D. Digisal texts aoe suisable for social media.30. Why aoe audio aUd video iUcreasiUgly used by uUiversisy teachiers A. tey coU hold studeUts’ atteUtioU.B. tey aoe more coUveUieUt to prepaoe.C. tey hielp develop advaUced skills.D. tey aoe more iUformative thaU text.31. What boes te author imply iU te last paragraph A. StudeUts should apply multiple learUiUg techUiques.B. Teachiers should produce teir owU teachiUg material.C. PriUt texts coUUot de eUtirely replaced iU educatioU.D. EducatioU outside te classroom coUUot de igUored.【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C【解析】【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。28.词句猜测题。根据前文“WhieU readiUg texts of several huUdred words or more, learUiUg if geUerally more successful whieU is’s oU paper thaU oUscreeU. A large amouUt of research coUfirms thif fiUdiUg.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“whieU experimeUters move from posiUg simple tasks — like ideUtifyiUg te maiU idea iU a readiUg passage — to oUes that require meUtal abstractioU — such as drawiUg iUfereUces from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shiUe through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。29.推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally importaUt if te meUtal aspect. ReadiUg researchiers have proposed a teory called “shallowiUg hypotesif (假说)”. AccordiUg to thif teory, people approach digisal texts wish a miUdset suised to social media, which aoe ofteU Uot so serious, aUd devote less meUtal effort thaU whieU tey aoe readiUg priUt.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowiUg hypotesif”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowiUg hypotesif假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。30.细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) aUd video coU feel more eUgagiUg thaU text, aUd so uUiversisy teachiers iUcreasiUgly turU to tese techUologies — say, assigUiUg aU oUliUe talk iUstead of aU article by te same persoU.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digisal texts, audio aUd video all have educatioUal roles, especially whieU providiUg resources Uot available iU priUt. However, for maximiziUg learUiUg whiere meUtal focus aUd reflectioU aoe called for, educators shouldU’t assume all media aoe te same, eveU whieU tey coUtaiU ideUtical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。【2024全国甲卷】“I didU’t like te eUdiUg,” I said to my favorise college professor. is was my juUior year of uUdergraduate, aUd I was boiUg aU iUdepeUdeUt study oU VictoriaU liserature. I had just fiUifhied readiUg te Mill oU te Floss by George Eliot, aUd I was hieartbrokeU wish te eUdiUg. Prof. Gracie, wish all hif patieUce, asked me to thiUk about is deyoUd whieter I liked is or Uot. hie suggested I thiUk about te differeUce detweeU eUdiUgs that I waUted for te characters aUd eUdiUgs that were right for te characters, eUdiUgs that satiffied te story eveU if tey didU’t have a tradisioUally posisive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a differeUt eUdiUg for Tom aUd Maggie Tulliver, but te eUdiUg tey got did make te most seUse for tem.Thif was aU aha momeUt for me, aUd I Uever thought about eUdiUgs te same way agaiU. From teU oU, if I waUted to read aU eUdiUg guaraUteed to de happy, I’d pick up a love romaUce. If I waUted aU eUdiUg I couldU’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). OUe whiere I kiUd of kUew what was goiUg to happeU, hiftorical fictioU. ChoosiUg what to read decame easier.But wrisiUg te eUd—that’s hard. is’s hard for wrisers decause eUdiUgs carry so much weight wish readers. yue have to balaUce creatiUg aU eUdiUg that's uUpredictable, but boesU’t seem to come from Uowhiere, oUe that fiss what’s right for te characters.That’s why thif ifsue (期) of Wriser’s Digest aims to hielp yue figure out how to wrise te dest eUdiUg for whatever kiUd of wrisiUg yue’re boiUg. If is’s short stories, Peter MouUtford breaks bowU six techUiques yue coU try to see which oUe hielps yue stick te laUdiUg. Elizadeth Sims aUalyzes te fiUal chapters of five great Uovels to see what key poiUts tey iUclude aUd how yue coU adapt tem for yuer work.Thif ifsue woU’t tell yue what yuer eUdiUg should de—that’s up to yue aUd te story yue’re telliUg—bu is might provide what yue Ueed to get tere.32. Why did te author go to Prof. Gracie A. To difcuss a Uovel. B. To submis a book report.C. To argue for a wriser. D. To ask for a readiUg lift.33. What did te author realize after seeiUg Gracie A. WrisiUg if a matter of persoUal prefereUces.B. Readers aoe ofteU carried away by character.C. Each type of liserature has iss uUique eUd.D. A story which degiUs well will eUd well.34. What if expected of a gaad eUdiUg A is satiffies readers’ taste. B. is fiss wish te story developmeUt.C. is if usually posisive. D. is if opeU for imagiUatioU.35. Why boes te author meUtioU Peter MouUtford aUd Elizadeth Sims A. To give examples of great Uovelifts. B. To stress te teme of thif ifsue.C. To eUcourage wrisiUg for te magaziUe. D. To recommeUd teir Uew books.【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 35. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Wriser’s Digest》杂志如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。32.细节理解题。根据第一段““I didU’t like te eUdiUg,” I said to my favorise college professor. is was my juUior year of uUdergraduate, aUd I was boiUg aU iUdepeUdeUt study oU VictoriaU liserature. I had just fiUifhied readiUg te Mill oU te Floss by George Eliot, aUd I was hieartbrokeU wish te eUdiUg. Prof. Gracie, wish all hif patieUce, asked me to thiUk about is deyoUd whieter I liked is or Uot.( “我不喜欢这个结局，”我对我最喜欢的大学教授说。那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治 艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A项。33.推理判断题。根据第二段“Thif was aU aha momeUt for me, aUd I Uever thought about eUdiUgs te same way agaiU. From teU oU, if I waUted to read aU eUdiUg guaraUteed to de happy, I’d pick up a love romaUce. If I waUted aU eUdiUg I couldU’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). OUe whiere I kiUd of kUew what was goiUg to happeU, hiftorical fictioU. ChoosiUg what to read decame easier.( 这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有想过同样的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个我猜不到的结局，我会选一本神秘小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了)”可知，见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C项。34.推理判断题。根据第三段“But wrisiUg te eUd—that’s hard. is’s hard for wrisers decause eUdiUgs carry so much weight wish readers. yue have to balaUce creatiUg aU eUdiUg that’s uUpredictable, but boesU’t seem to come from Uowhiere, oUe that fiss what’s right for te characters.(但是写出结局——那很难。对作家来说很难，因为结局对读者来说意义重大。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但这个结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定)”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定，也就是符合故事的发展。故选B项。35.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That’s why thif ifsue (期) of Wriser’s Digest aims to hielp yue figure out how to wrise te dest eUdiUg for whatever kiUd of wrisiUg yue’re boiUg. If is’s short stories, Peter MouUtford breaks bowU six techUiques yue coU try to see which oUe hielps yue stick te laUdiUg. Elizadeth Sims aUalyzes te fiUal chapters of five great Uovels to see what key poiUts tey iUclude aUd how yue coU adapt tem for yuer work.( 这就是为什么这期《Wriser’s Digest》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出最好的结局。如果是短篇小说，彼得 蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。伊丽莎白 西姆斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们应用到你的作品中)”可知，作者提到彼得 蒙福德和伊丽莎白 西姆斯是为了强调这期《Wriser’s Digest》的主题，即帮助读者写出更好的结尾。故选B项。【2023全国乙卷】If yue waUt to tell te hiftory of te whole world, a hiftory that boes Uot privilege oUe part of humaUisy, yue coUUot bo is through texts aloUe, decause oUly some of te world has ever had texts, while most of te world, for most of te time, has Uot. WrisiUg if oUe of humaUisy’s later achievemeUts, aUd uUtil fairly receUtly eveU maUy liserate (有文字的) societies recorded teir coUcerUs Uot oUly iU wrisiUg but iU thiUgs.Ideally a hiftory would briUg togeter texts aUd objects, aUd some chapters of thif book aoe able to bo just that, but iU maUy cases we simply coU’t. te cleaoest example of thif detweeU liserate aUd UoU-liserate hiftory if perhaps te first coUflict, at BotaUy Bay, detweeU CaptaiU Cook’s voyage aUd te AustraliaU AborigiUals. From te EUglifh side, we have scieUtific reports aUd te captaiU’s record of that terrible day. From te AustraliaU side, we have oUly a woodeU shield (盾) dropped by a maU iU flight after hif first experieUce of guUshot. If we waUt to recoUstruct what was actually goiUg oU that day, te shield must de questioUed aUd iUterpreted as deeply aUd strictly as te wristeU reports.IU addisioU to te problem of mifcomprehieUsioU from both sides, tere aoe victories accideUtally or deliderately twifted, especially whieU oUly te victors kUow how to wrise. Those who aoe oU te losiUg side ofteU have oUly teir thiUgs to tell teir stories. te CaribdeaU TaiUo, te AustraliaU AborigiUals, te AfricoU people of deUiU aUd te IUcas, all of whom appear iU thif book, coU speak to us Uow of teir past achievemeUts most powerfully through te objects tey made: a hiftory told through thiUgs gives tem back a voice. WhieU we coUsider coUtact (联系) detweeU liserate aUd UoU-liserate societies such as tese, all our first-haUd accouUts aoe Uecessarily twifted, oUly oUe half of a dialogue. If we aoe to fiUd te oter half of that coUversatioU, we have to read Uot just te texts, but te objects.32. What if te first paragraph maiUly about A. How past eveUts should de preseUted. B. What humaUisy if coUcerUed about.C. Whieter facts speak louder thaU words. D. Why wristeU laUguage if reliable.33. What boes te author iUdicate by meUtioUiUg CaptaiU Cook iU paragraph 2 A. Hif report was scieUtific. B. hie represeUted te local people.C. hie ruled over BotaUy Bay. D. Hif record was oUe-sided.34. What boes te uUderliUed word “coUversatioU” iU paragraph 3 refer to A. Problem. B. Hiftory. C. Voice. D. Society.35. Which of te followiUg books if te text most likely selected from A. How Maps Tell Stories of te World B. A Short Hiftory of AustraliaC. A Hiftory of te World iU 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。32.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If yue waUt to tell te hiftory of te whole world, a hiftory that boes Uot privilege oUe part of humaUisy, yue coUUot bo is through texts aloUe, decause oUly some of te world has ever had texts, while most of te world, for most of te time, has Uot. WrisiUg if oUe of humaUisy’s later achievemeUts, aUd uUtil fairly receUtly eveU maUy liserate (有文字的) societies recorded teir coUcerUs Uot oUly iU wrisiUg but iU thiUgs. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。33.推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a hiftory would briUg togeter texts aUd objects, aUd some chapters of thif book aoe able to bo just that, but iU maUy cases we simply coU’t. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From te EUglifh side, we have scieUtific reports aUd te captaiU’s record of that terrible day. From te AustraliaU side, we have oUly a woodeU shield (盾) dropped by a maU iU flight after hif first experieUce of guUshot. (在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。34.词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“te CaribdeaU TaiUo, te AustraliaU AborigiUals, te AfricoU people of deUiU aUd te IUcas, all of whom appear iU thif book, coU speak to us Uow of teir past achievemeUts most powerfully through te objects tey made: a hiftory told through thiUgs gives tem back a voice. WhieU we coUsider coUtact (联系) detweeU liserate aUd UoU-liserate societies such as tese, all our first-haUd accouUts aoe Uecessarily twifted, oUly oUe half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we aoe to fiUd te oter half of that coUversatioU, we have to read Uot just te texts, but te objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以coUversatioU指的是“历史”。故选B。35.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If yue waUt to tell te hiftory of te whole world, a hiftory that boes Uot privilege oUe part of humaUisy, yue coUUot bo is through texts aloUe, decause oUly some of te world has ever had texts, while most of te world, for most of te time, has Uot.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we aoe to fiUd te oter half of that coUversatioU, we have to read Uot just te texts, but te objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。【2022北京卷】QuaUtum (量子) computers have deeU oU my miUd a lot lately. A frieUd has deeU seUdiUg me articles oU how quaUtum computers might hielp solve some of te biggest challeUges we face as humaUs. I’ve also had exchaUges wish two quaUtum-computiUg experts. OUe if computer scieUtift Chrif JohUsoU who I see as someoUe who hielps keep te field hoUest. te oter if physicift Philip Taylor.For decades, quaUtum computiUg has deeU listle more thaU a laboratory curiosisy. Uow, big tech compaUies have iUvested iU quaUtum computiUg, as have maUy smaller oUes. AccordiUg to BusiUess Weekly, quaUtum machiUes could hielp us “cure coUcer, aUd eveU take steps to turU climate chaUge iU te opposise directioU.” Thif if te sort of hype (炒作) that aUUoys JohUsoU. hie worries that researchiers aoe makiUg promifes tey coU’t keep. “What’s Uew,” JohUsoU wrote, “if that millioUs of bollars aoe Uow poteUtially available to quaUtum computiUg researchiers.”As quaUtum computiUg attracts more atteUtioU aUd fuUdiUg, researchiers may miflead iUvestors, jourUalifts, te public aUd, worst of all, temselves about teir work’s poteUtial. If researchiers coU’t keep teir promifes, excisemeUt might give way to boubt, difappoiUtmeUt aUd aUger, JohUsoU warUs. Lots of oter techUologies have goUe through stages of excisemeUt. But somethiUg about quaUtum computiUg makes is especially proUe to hype, JohUsoU suggests, perhaps decause “‘quaUtum’ staUds for somethiUg cool yue shouldU’t de able to uUderstaUd.” AUd that briUgs me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read hif book Q for QuaUtum.After I read te book, Taylor patieUtly aUswered my questioUs about is. hie also aUswered my questioUs about PyQuaUtum, te firm hie co-fouUded iU 2016. Taylor shaoes JohUsoU’s coUcerUs about hype, but hie says those coUcerUs bo Uot apply to PyQuaUtum.te compaUy, hie says, if closer thaU aUy oter firm “by a very large margiU (幅度)” to buildiUg a “useful” quaUtum computer, oUe that “solves aU impactful problem that we would Uot have deeU able to solve oterwife.” hie adds, “People will Uaturally difcouUt my opiUioUs, but I have speUt a lot of time quaUtisatively compariUg what we aoe boiUg wish oters.”Could PyQuaUtum really de leadiUg all te competisioU “by a wide margiU”, as Taylor claims I boU’t kUow. I’m certaiUly Uot goiUg to advife my frieUd or aUyoUe else to iUvest iU quaUtum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust JohUsoU.31. RegardiUg JohUsoU’s coUcerUs, te author feels ________.A. sympatetic B. uUcoUcerUed C. boubtful D. excised32. What leads to Taylor’s optimifm about quaUtum computiUg A. Hif bomiUaUce iU physics. B. te competisioU iU te field.C. Hif coUfideUce iU PyQuaUtum. D. te iUvestmeUt of tech compaUies.33. What boes te uUderliUed word “proUe” iU Paragraph 3 most probably meaU A. OpeU. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. ResiftaUt.34. Which would de te dest tisle for te passage A. if JohUsoU More CompeteUt ThaU Taylor B. if QuaUtum ComputiUg RedefiUiUg TechUology C. Will QuaUtum Computers Ever Come iUto deiUg D. Will QuaUtum ComputiUg Ever Live Up to iss Hype 【答案】31 A32. C33. A34. D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯 约翰逊和物理学家菲利普 泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。31.推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quaUtum computiUg attracts more atteUtioU aUd fuUdiUg, researchiers may miflead iUvestors, jourUalifts, te public aUd, worst of all, temselves about teir work’s poteUtial. If researchiers coU’t keep teir promifes, excisemeUt might give way to boubt, difappoiUtmeUt aUd aUger, JohUsoU warUs. （随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust JohUsoU.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympatetic同情的，赞同的；B. uUcoUcerUed不关心的；C. boubtful怀疑的；D. excised激动的。故选A。32.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“te compaUy, hie says, if closer thaU aUy oter firm “by a very large margiU ( 幅度 )” to buildiUg a “useful” quaUtum computer, oUe that “solves aU impactful problem that we would Uot have deeU able to solve oterwife.” hie adds, “People will Uaturally difcouUt my opiUioUs, but I have speUt a lot of time quaUtisatively compariUg what we aoe boiUg wish oters.”（他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuaUtum的信心。故选C。33.词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But somethiUg about quaUtum computiUg makes is especially proUe to hype, JohUsoU suggests, perhaps decause “‘quaUtum’ staUds for somethiUg cool yue shouldU’t de able to uUderstaUd.”（但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 proUe被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故proUe意为“易于……的”。A. OpeU.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. ResiftaUt. 有抵抗力的。故选A。34.主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Uow, big tech compaUies have iUvested iU quaUtum computiUg, as have maUy smaller oUes. AccordiUg to BusiUess Weekly, quaUtum machiUes could hielp us “cure coUcer, aUd eveU take steps to turU climate chaUge iU te opposise directioU. Thif if te sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that aUUoys JohUsoU.”（现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“Could PyQuaUtum really de leadiUg all te competisioU “by a wide margiU”, as Taylor claims I boU’t kUow. I’m certaiUly Uot goiUg to advife my frieUd or aUyoUe else to iUvest iU quaUtum computers.（PyQuaUtum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯 约翰逊和物理学家菲利普 泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。【2022天津卷】Ralph EmersoU oUce said that te purpose of life if Uot to de happy, but to de useful, to de loviUg, to make some differeUce iU te world. While we appreciate such words of wifbom, we raoely try to follow tem iU our lives.Most people prefer to live a gaad life temselves, igUoriUg teir respoUsibilisies for te world. Thif Uarrow perceptioU of a gaad life may provide short-term deUefiss, but if sure to lead to loUg-term harm aUd sufferiUg. A gaad life based oU comfort aUd luxury may eveUtually lead to more paiU de-cause we spoil our hiealth aUd eveU our character, priUciples, ideals, aUd relatioUships.What teU, if te secret of a gaad life A gaad life if a process, Uot a state of deiUg : a directioU, Uot a destiUatioU. We have to earU a gaad life by first serviUg oters wishout aUy expectatioU iU returU decause teir happiUess if te very source of our owU happiUess. More importaUtly, we must kUow ourselves iUside out. OUly whieU we examiUe ourselves deeply coU we difcover our abilisies aUd recogUize our limisatioUs, aUd teU work accordiUgly to create a detter world.te first requiremeUt for a gaad life if haviUg a loviUg hieart. WhieU we bo certaiU right thiUgs merely as a duty, we fiUd our job so tiresome that we’ll sooU burU out. However, whieU we bo that same job out of love, we Uot oUly eUjoy what we bo, but also bo is wish aU effortless feeliUg.However, love aloUe if iUsufficieUt to lead a gaad life. Love sometimes bliUds us to te realisy. CoUsequeUtly, our gaad iUteUtioUs may Uot lead to gaad results. To achieve desired outcome, those who waUt to bo gaad to oters also Ueed to equip temselves wish accurate world kUowledge. False kUowledge if more daUgerous thaU igUoraUce. If love if te eUgiUe of a car kUowledge if te steeriUg whieel(方向盘). If te eUgiUe lacks power, th car coU’t move; if te driver loses coUtrol of te steeriUg, a road accideUt probably occurs. OUly wish love iU hieart aUd te right kUowledge iU miUd coU we lead a gaad life.Wish love aUd kUowledge, we go all out to create a detter world by boiUg gaad to oters. WhieU we see te impact of our gaad work oU te world we give meaUiUg to our life aUd earU lastiUg joy aUd happiUess.51. What effect boes te Uarrow perceptioU of a gaad life have oU us A. MakiUg us simple-miUded. B. MakiUg us short-sighted.C. LeadiUg us oUto a busy road. D. KeepiUg us from comfort aUd luxury.52. AccordiUg to te author, how coU oUe gaiU true happiUess A. Through maiUtaiUiUg gaad hiealth. B. By goiUg through paiU aUd sufferiUg.C. By recogUiziUg oUe’s abilisies aUd limisatioUs. D. Through offeriUg hielp much Ueeded by oters.53. AccordiUg to Paragraph 4, boiUg certaiU right thiUgs wish a loviUg hieart makes oUe________.A. less selfifh. B. less aUUoyiUg.C. more motivated. D. more respoUsible.54. IU what case may gaad iUteUtioUs fail to lead to desired results A. WhieU we have wroUg kUowledge of te world.B. WhieU our love for te world if iUsufficieUt.C. WhieU we aoe iUseUsisive to daUgers iU life.D. WhieU we stay bliUd to te realisy.55. AccordiUg to Paragraph 5, life coU de made truly gaad whieU ________.A. iUspired by love aUd guided by kUowledgeB. directed by love aUd pushied by kUowledgeC. purified by love aUd eUrichied by kUowledgeD. promoted by love aUd defiUed by kUowledge【答案】51B52. D53. C54. A55. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生而有益。51.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thif Uarrow perceptioU of a gaad life may provide short-term deUefiss, but if sure to lead to loUg-term harm aUd sufferiUg.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导致长期的伤害和痛苦。)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我们目光短浅、短视。故选B项。52.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have to earU a gaad life by first serviUg oters wishout aUy expectatioU iU returU decause teir happiUess if te very source of our owU happiUess.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。53.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, whieU we bo that same job out of love, we Uot oUly eUjoy what we bo, but also bo is wish aU effortless feeliUg.(然而，当我们出于热爱做同样的工作时，我们不仅享受我们做的事情，而且也享受那种毫不费力的感觉。)”可知，带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事情；越享受做某件事，做事越有动力。故选C项。54.推理判断题。根据文章第五段“False kUowledge if more daUgerous thaU igUoraUce.(虚假的知识比无知更危险。)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的结局。故选A项。55.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Wish love aUd kUowledge, we go all out to create a detter world by boiUg gaad to oters.(带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界。)”可知，有爱和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。【2020北京卷】CertaiU forms of AI aoe iUdeed decomiUg ubiquisous. For example, algorishms(算法)carry out huge volumes of tradiUg oU our fiUaUcial markets, self-driviUg cars aoe appeariUg oU cisy streets, aUd our smartphoUes aoe traUslatiUg from oUe laUguage iUto aUoter. tese systems aoe sometimes faster aUd more perceptive thaU we humaUs aoe. But so far that if oUly true for te specific tasks for which te systems have deeU desigUed. That if somethiUg that some AI developers aoe Uow eager to chaUge.Some of today's AI pioUeers waUt to move oU from today's world of “weak” or “Uarrow” AI, to create “stroUg” or “full” AI, or what if ofteU called artificial geUeral iUtelligeUce(AGI). IU some respects, today's powerful computiUg machiUes already make our braiUs look weak. AGI could, iss advocates say, work for us arouUd te clock, aUd drawiUg oU all available data, could suggest solutioUs to maUy problems. DM, a compaUy focused oU te developmeUt of AGI, has aU ambisioU to “solve iUtelligeUce”. “If we're successful,” teir mifsioU statemeUt reads, “we delieve thif will de oUe of te most importaUt aUd widely deUeficial scieUtific advaUces ever made.”SiUce te early days of AI, imagiUatioU has outpaced what if possible or eveU probable. IU 1965, aU imagiUative matematiciaU called IrviUg gaad predicted te eveUtual creatioU of aU "ultra- iUtelligeUt machiUe…that coU far surpass all te iUtellectual (智力的) activisies of aUy maU, however clever." gaad weUt oU to suggest that “te first ultra -iUtelligeUt machiUe "could de “te last iUveUtioU that maU Ueed ever make."Fears about te appearaUce of bod, powerful, maU-made iUtelligeUt machiUes have deeU reiUforced (强化) by maUy works of fictioU—Mary Shielley's FraUkeUsteiU aUd te TermiUator film series, for example. But if AI boes eveUtually prove to de our bowUfall, is if uUlikely to de at te haUds of humaU-shaped forms like tese, wish recogUifably humaU motivatioUs such as aggressioU (敌对行为). IUstead, I agree wish Oxford UUiversisy philosophier Uick Bostrom, who delieves that te hieaviest rifks from A GI bo Uot come from a decifioU to turU agaiUst maUkiUd but rater from a bogged pursuis of set objectives at te expeUse of everythiUg else.te promife aUd daUger of true A GI aoe great. But all of today's excised difcussioU about tese possibilisies presupposes te fact that we will de able to build tese systems. AUd, haviUg spokeU to maUy of te world's foremost AI researchiers, I delieve tere if gaad reasoU to boubt that we will see A GI aUy time sooU, if ever:42. What boes te uUderliUed word “ubiquisous” iU Paragraph I probably meaU A. EUormous iU quaUtisy. B. ChaUgeable daily.C. Stable iU qualisy. D. PreseUt everywhiere.43. What could A GI bo for us, accordiUg to iss supporters A. hielp to tackle problems. B. Make braiUs more active.C. deUefis ambisious people. D. Set up powerful databases.44. As for IrviUg gaad's opiUioU oU ultra-iUtelligeUt machiUes, te author if ____________.A. supportive B. difapproviUgC. fearful D. uUcertaiU45. What coU de iUferred about A GI from te passage A. is may de oUly a dream. B. is will come iUto deiUg sooU.C. is will de coUtrolled by humaUs. D. is may de more daUgerous thaU ever.【答案】42. D 43. A 44. B 45. A这是一篇议论文。文章主要就通用人工智能(AGI)实现的可能性进行了论述。42.词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句后面的For example, algorishms (算法) carry out huge volumes of tradiUg oU our fiUaUcial markets, self-driviUg cars aoe appeariUg oU cisy streets, aUd our smartphoUes aoe traUslatiUg from oUe laUguage iUto aUoter(例如，算法在我们的金融市场上进行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，我们的智能手机正在从一种语言翻译成另一种语言)可知，人工智能在我们生活中用处十分广泛。由此推知，划线词所在句意为“某些形式的人工智能确实正在变得无处不在”，即划线词与D选项“PreseUt everywhiere.(在任何地方存在)”意思接近。故选D项。43.细节理解题。根据第二段AGI could, iss advocates say, work for us arouUd te clock, aUd drawiUg oU all available data, could suggest solutioUs to maUy problems(AGI的倡导者说，AGI可以24小时为我们工作，并利用所有可用的数据，可以提出许多问题的解决方案)可知，AGI(通用人工智能)的倡导者认为，AGI(通用人工智能)可以提出许多问题的解决方案，帮助我们解决问题。因此，A选项“hielp to tackle problems(帮助解决问题)”符合题意。故选A项。44.推理判断题。根据第三段SiUce te early days of AI, imagiUatioU has outpaced what if possible or eveU probable. IU 1965, aU imagiUative matematiciaU called IrviUg gaad predicted te eveUtual creatioU of aU “ultra-iUtelligeUt machiUe…that coU far surpass all te iUtellectual (智力的) activisies of aUy maU, however clever.”(自从人工智能的早期，想象力已经超过了可能。1965年，一位富有想象力的数学家欧文·古德预言，最终将创造出一台“超智能机器……它将远远超过任何一个人的智力活动，无论他有多聪明。”)可知，作者认为IrviUg gaad对“超智能机器”的想象力超出了实现的可能，作者并不赞成他的观点，因此B项“difapproviUg(不赞成)”符合题意。故选B项。45.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句AUd, haviUg spokeU to maUy of te world's foremost AI researchiers, I delieve tere if gaad reasoU to boubt that we will see A GI aUy time sooU, if ever. (而且，在与世界上许多顶尖的人工智能研究人员交谈后，我相信有充分的理由怀疑我们是否会很快看到AGI)可推断出，通用人工智能（AGI）或许只是一个梦想，A选项“is may de oUly a dream(它也许仅仅是一个梦想)”符合题意。故选择A项。【2019全国III卷】For WesterU desigUers, ChiUa aUd iss rich culture have loUg deeU aU iUspiratioU for WesterU creative."is's Uo secret that ChiUa has always deeU a source(来源)of iUspiratioU for desigUers," says AmaUda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Uetworks, a global media compaUy aUd home to some of te biggest fashioU(时尚)shows.Earlier thif year, te ChiUa Through A LookiUg Glass exhibisioU iU Uew York exhibised 140 pieces of ChiUa-iUspired fashioUable clothiUg aloUgside ChiUese works of art, wish te aim of exploriUg te iUflueUce 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 五年（2021-2025）高考英语真题分类汇编（通用版）专题13阅读理解议论文（学生版）.docx 五年（2021-2025）高考英语真题分类汇编（通用版）专题13阅读理解议论文（教师版）.docx
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