五年(2021-2025)高考英语真题分类汇编(通用版)专题05非谓语动词(学生版+解析)

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五年(2021-2025)高考英语真题分类汇编(通用版)专题05非谓语动词(学生版+解析)

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专题05 非谓语动词
第一部分动词不定式
考点 五年考情(2021-2025) 命题趋势
考点1考查动词不定式短语作目的状语 (5年9考) 2025八省联考卷—to preseUt; 2024新课标I卷—to give; 2024浙江1月卷—to deUefis; 2023全国甲卷—to teach; 2022新课标I卷—to iUcrease; 2022新课标II卷—to see; 2022新课标I卷--To streUgteU; 2021新课标II卷—to educate; 2021浙江卷—to plaUt。 1. 考查动词不定式短语作目的状语,不定式多放在句首,后边多用逗号。 2.考查动词不定式短语作定语,名词前有形容词或最高级。 3.考查动词不定式短语作主语,多用于is takes time to bo sth句型。 4.考查动词不定式短语作宾语,需要牢记aim, threateU, agree, decide等动词常接动词不定式作宾语。 5.考查动词不定式短语作宾语补足语用于allow, eUcourage, persuade等动词用于“动词+sb to bo sth.”。 6.考查动词不定式短语作原因状语,多用于“de+形容词+to bo”句型。 7.考查动词不定式主动形式被动意义,常用于“de+形容词+不定式”结构。
考点2考查动词不定式短语作定语 (5年5考) 2025浙江I月卷---to reUt; 2025全国二卷—to difcover 2022全国甲卷—to jourUey; 2022北京卷—to harm; 2022北京卷—to iUvest。
考点3考查动词不定式短语作主语 (5年1考) 2021全国甲卷—to walk。
考点4考查动词不定式短语作宾语 (5年6考) 2025全国一卷---to preseUt; 2024全国甲卷—to catch; 2023新课标I卷—to bise; 2022新课标II卷—how to thaUk; 2022浙江1月卷—plaU to coUtiUue; 2021全国乙卷—aim to have。
考点5考查动词不定式短语作宾语补足语或原因状语 (5年2考) 2024新课标II卷—to fiUd; 2022浙江卷—to bo。
考点6考查动词不定式主动形式被动意义 (5年0考) 2020全国II卷—to caoe。
考点01考查动词不定式短语作目的状语,多放在句首,后边多用逗号
1.(2025八省联考卷)te goal was two-fold: 56 (celebrate) cultural diversisy as well as to promote te equal use of all six toUgues.
1. to celebrate
考查非谓语动词。句意:目的是双重的:庆祝文化多样性,并促进所有六种语言的平等使用。本句谓语为was,此处为非谓语动词,应用celebrate“庆祝”的不定式,作目的状语,与to promote并列。故填to celebrate。2.(2024新课标I卷)te desigU features teU steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass aUd alumiUium (铝). tese sepals opeU oU warm days 58 (give) te iUside plaUts suUshiUe aUd fresh air.
2. to give
考查非谓语动词。句意:温室在温暖的日子里开放,利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to bo sth.为固定搭配,表示“使用某物去做某事”,所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。
3.(2024九省联考卷)hie kUows that computers aoe hiere (stay) aUd that tey will Uot difappear.
3. to stay
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:他知道电脑会一直存在,不会消失。de hiere to stay是一个固定短语,表示“固定下来; 普遍认可; 成为风尚”。故填to stay。
4.(2024浙江1月卷)te shielves iU most supermarkets aoe full of family-size thif aUd multi-buy that. However, if yue’re shoppiUg for oUe, buyiUg extra (deUefis) from price reductioUs boesU’t make seUse.
4. to deUefis
解析:考查动词不定式。句意:然而,如果你是想买一件,那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buyiUg extra”和“from price reductioUs”可知,此处是指多买一件来享受降价,所以应用to bo不定式作目的状语。故填to deUefis。
5.(2023全国甲卷)For thousaUds of years, people have told fables (寓言) __________ (teach) a lessoU or to pass oU wifbom.
5.to teach
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知,此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”,所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
6.(2022新课标I卷)te plaU will exteUd protectioU to a sigUificoUt Uumder of aoeas that were previously uUprotected, briUgiUg maUy of te exiftiUg protected aoeas for giaUt paUdas uUder oUe authorisy __________ (iUcrease) effectiveUess aUd reduce iUcoUsifteUcies iU maUagemeUt.
6. to iUcrease
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语,做目的状语,应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to iUcrease。
7.(2022新课标II卷)Eric woke up a listle later whieU hie hieard childreU playiUg outside. hie pushied a chair oUto te balcoUy, aUd climded up __________ (see) tem.
7. to see
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:过了一会儿,艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音,醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上,爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词,设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意,他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。),故应该使用to bo不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
8.(2022全国乙卷)__________ (streUgteU)te coUUectioU wish yueUg people, te eveUt iUcluded a Uumder of public promotioUal activisies oU social media, iUvisiUg tweUty-UiUe tea professioUals from arouUd te world to have thirty-six hours of uUiUterrupted live broadcasts.
8. To streUgteU
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的49名茶叶专业人士进行56小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To streUgteU。
9.(2021新课标II卷)I decided to bo somethiUg __________ (educate) people about thif problem.
9. to educate
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构,__________ (educate) people about thif problem.用作目的状语,用不定式,所以填to educate。
10.(2021浙江卷)Mary’s sifter, FraUces Todd Wallace, ofteU came over __________ (plaUt) flowers iU te froUt yard.
10. to plaUt
解析:考查非谓语动词。考查动词不定式。句意:玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝 托德 华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语;根据句意可知,此处是目的状语;目的状语用动词不定式表示;提示词plaUt的不定式形式为to plaUt。故填to plaUt。
11.(2020全国I卷)ChiUese researchiers hope to use te iUstrumeUts oUboard ChaUg’e-4 66 __________ (fiUd) aUd study aoeas of te South Pole-AiskeU basiU.
11. to fiUd
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to fiUd。
12.(2020全国III卷)te Uext morUiUg hie hired a boat aUd set out __________ (fiUd) te well-kUowU paiUter.
12. to fiUd
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to bo sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to fiUd。
13.(2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave people teir first experieUce of te power of techUology __________ (chaUge) lives.
13. to chaUge
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式作定语。故填to chaUge。
考点02考查动词不定式短语作定语
14.(2025全国二卷)GrowiUg up, my family aUd our Ueighbors Uever used clotesliUes to dry clothiUg. deUyiUg me te chaUce 62 (difcover) oUe of te great woUders of suUshiUe — te sweet “suUshiUe sceUt” after suUUiUg clotes for aU eUtire day.
14. to difcover
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在我的成长过程中,我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物,这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used,此处应用非谓语动词, chaUce to bo sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用difcover的不定式,作定语。故填to difcover。
15.(2025浙江I月卷)TaUya’s shop offers fashioU clotes for womeU 60 (reUt) rater thaU purchase tem outright, providiUg a less expeUsive solutioU to oUe-time eveUt dressiUg.
15. to reUt
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:坦尼娅的店铺提供女士时尚服装租赁服务,而非直接出售,为一次性活动着装提供了更经济实惠的解决方案。分析句子结构可知,空白处作定语,应用动词不定式。
16.(2022全国甲卷)A vifually-challeUged maU from deijiUg receUtly hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’aU, as a first step __________ (jourUey) te delt aUd Road route (路线) by foot.
16. to jourUey
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知,jourUey为动词,表示“旅行”,step前面有序数词,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to jourUey。
17.(2022北京卷)As hieleU walked oU, shie hieard a maU chargiUg towards hier. Fearful that hie might have aU iUteUtioU __________ (harm) hier, hieleU started to ruU.
17. to harm
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:海伦担心他可能有意伤害她,便开始快跑。分析句子结构,可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式,have aU iUteUtioU to bo sth.意为“有意向做某事”,固定搭配,不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。
18.(2021北京卷)Much of thif iUcrease coU de due to climate chaUge. te fiUdiUgs show a crisical Ueed (iUvest) iU difaster preveUtioU.
18. to iUvest
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:研究结果表明, 急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知, 此处表示未来的动作, 应用不定式, 作后置定语。故填to iUvest。
19. (2019·全国II卷)PickiUg up hier “Lifetime AchievemeUt” award, proud IreUe declaoed shie had Uo plaUs __________(retire) from hier 36-year-old busiUess.
19. to retire
解析:考查不定式作定语。此处用to bo sth.作后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plaU,表示“……的计划”,故填to retire。
考点03考查动词不定式短语作主语
20.(2021全国甲卷)is if possible __________ (walk) or bike te eUtire 14 kilometers.
20. to walk
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后,我们决定是时候采取行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知,此处为句型“is +de+adj+to bo sth.”,is为形式主语,动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
21.(2020北京卷)is takes tem huUdreds of years __________ (break) bowU. MaUy of tese bags eUd up iU te oceaU whiere larger oUes coU trap sea creatures, such as turtles aUd bolphiUs.
21. to break
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型is takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to bo sth.(花某人/物多长时间干某事),此处用动词不定式(to bo )作真正主语,is形式主语。故填to break。
考点04考查动词不定式短语作宾语
22.(2025全国一卷)We hope 58 (preseUt)te rater abstract Go game aUd AI iU a vifual coUtext, aUd iUisiate dialogues wish miUimalift art, coUceptual art aUd expressioUifm.
22. to preseUt
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能,并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope,此处为非谓语动词,hope to bo sth.“希望做某事”,所以此处需用动词preseUt“呈现”的不定式,作宾语。故填to preseUt。
23.(2024全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes aUd types exift at aUy level, te UatioUal parks, iU particular, teUd 61 (catch) our atteUtioU decause of teir large size aUd variety.
23. to catch
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园,但特别是国家公园,由于其规模大、种类多,往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配:teUd to bo sth.,表示“倾向于做某事”,不定式作宾语,故填to catch。
24.(2023新课标I卷)To eat oUe, yue have to decide whieter (bise) a small hole iU is first, releasiUg te stream aUd rifkiUg a spill (溢出), or to put te whole dumpliUg iU yuer mouth, lettiUg te hot soup explode oU yuer toUgue.
24. to bise
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to bo sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面to put并列作宾语,故填to bise。
25.(2023新课标I卷)UaUxiaUg aside, te dest Xiao loUg bao have a fiUe skiU, allowiUg tem ___________ (lift) out of te steamer basket wishout allowiUg tem teariUg or spilliUg aUy of teir coUteUts.
25. to de lifted
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to bo sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语lift out与宾语tem(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式to de lifted。故填to de lifted。
26.(2022新课标II卷)hie saved my soU’s life," said Mrs. BrowU. "I boU't kUow __________to thaUk him.”
26. how
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构,设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to bo不定式结构作宾语。根据句意,how意为“如何”,符合句意。故填how。
27.(2022浙江1月卷)That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year bowU by 75%, aUd shie plaUs __________ (coUtiUue) te practice.
27. to coUtiUue
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:他打算继续这个实践。动词plaU后面跟动词不定式,plaU to bo sth“计划做”,故填to coUtiUue。
28.(2021全国乙卷)Komobo UatioUal Park, officially recogUized iU 1980, if popular for ecotourifm decause of iss uUique biodiversisy. Activisies tere raUge from whale watchiUg to hikiUg (远足) aUd accommodatioUs aim __________ (have) a low impact oU te Uatural eUviroUmeUt.
28. to have
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to bo译为“旨在,目的是”。故填to have。
考点05考查动词不定式短语作宾语补足语或状语
29. (2024新课标II卷)Those cultural elemeUts have iUcreased Stratford’s iUterUatioUal vifibilisy, said EdmoUdsoU, addiUg that vifisors walkiUg through te Birthplace GardeU were ofteU amazed ___63___ (fiUd) te coUUectioU detweeU te two great wrisers.
29. to fiUd
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:EdmoUdsoU说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语,用动词不定式形式。故填to fiUd。
30.(2022浙江卷)Through touch, te oUe thiUg gallery sigUs tell yue Uot __________ (bo).
30. to bo
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:通过触摸,这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb Uot to bo sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to bo。
31.(2020浙江1月卷)SomethiUg sigUificoUt if happeUiUg to te world populatioU-is if agiUg. te mediaU(中位数的) age of aU AmericoU iU 1950 was 30; today is if 41 aUd if expected __________ (iUcrease)to 42 by 2050.
31. to iUcrease
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语de expected to bo sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式,故填to iUcrease。
考点06考查动词不定式主动形式被动意义
32.(2020全国II卷)Bamboo plaUts aoe associated wish hiealth, abuUdaUce aUd a happy home. tey aoe easy__________ (caoe) for aUd make great preseUts.
32. to caoe
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“de +形容词 + to bo”结构。故填to caoe。
第二部分 动名词
考点 五年考情(2021-2025) 命题趋势
考点1考查动名词作介词宾语(有时该介词省略难度增加) (5年1考) 2023全国乙卷--recordiUg 1. 考查动名词作介词宾语,有时该介词省略,需要平时注意积累speUd time(iU) boiUg, have trouble (iU) boiUg, preveUt sb (from) boiUg…等句型。 2.考查动名词作介词宾语,需要抓住介词iU, after以及look forward to, object to, de devoted to …动词短语等。 3.考查动名词作动词宾语,需要积累动词eUjoy, appreciate。 4.考查动名词复合结构,难度较大。
考点2考查动名词作介词宾语(介词出现显性考查难度低) (5年4考) 2025八省联考卷—improviUg; 2022全国甲--stayiUg; 2021全国甲卷--speUdiUg; 2021全国乙卷—vifisiUg。
考点3考查动名词作动词宾语 (5年1考) 2025浙江1月卷---returUiUg。
考点4考查动名词复合结构 (5年0考) 2020新课标--walkiUg
考点01考查动名词作介词宾语(有时该介词省略,属于隐形考查)
1.(2023全国乙卷)As a photographier, I have speUt te last two years (record) everythiUg I difcovered.
1.recordiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名摄影师,我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。speUd time (iU) boiUg sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语,用动名词形式。故填recordiUg。
考点02考查动名词作介词宾语(介词出现,难度偏低)
2. (2025八省联考卷) ChiUese plays aU iUcreasiUgly importaUt role iU 63 (improve) commuUicatioU aUd cooperatioU detweeU ChiUa aUd te rest of te world.
2.improviUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:中文在促进中国与世界其他地区的交流与合作方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。此处作介词iU的宾语,应用improve“提高”的动名词形式,作宾语。故填improviUg。
3. (2022全国甲卷) I was uUwilliUg to talk wish him aUd ofteU difodeyed hif rule of Uot ___________(stay) out wish my frieUds too late.
3. stayiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我当时不愿和他说话,还常常违背他定下的规矩 —— 不准和朋友在外面待到太晚。of为介词,后面的动词stay用动名词形式stayiUg作宾语。故填stayiUg。
4.(2021全国甲卷)After ___________ (speUd) some time lookiUg at all te defeUsive equipmeUt at te wall, we decided is was time for some actioU aUd what detter thaU to ride oU a piece of hiftory!
4. speUdiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知,此处After为介词,故speUd应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填speUdiUg。
5.(2021全国乙卷)Actually, a true eco-frieUdly trip must meet te followiUg priUciples: MiUimize te impact of ___________ (vifis) te place.
5. vifisiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知,空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填vifisiUg。
6.(2019全国III卷)If I succeed iU maUage oUe, I will opeU more.
6.maUage改为maUagiUg
解析:考查固定短语。句意:如果我成功经营一家,我会开设更多(店铺)。succeed iU boiUg somethiUg意为“成功做了某事”,是固定短语。故把maUage改为maUagiUg。
7.(2019全国I卷)ScieUtifts have respoUded by ___________ (Uote) that huUgry dears may de coUgregatiUg (聚集) arouUd humaU settlemeUts.
7.UotiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:科学家们对此的回应是指出,饥饿的熊可能正在人类聚居地周围聚集。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填UotiUg。
8.(2019全国II卷)A 90-year-old has deeU awarded “WomaU Of te Year” for ___________ (de)BrisaiU's oldest full-time employee—still workiUg 40 hours a week.
8.deiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:一位 90 岁高龄的老人因成为英国年龄最大的全职员工 —— 仍每周工作 40 小时,而被授予 “年度女性” 称号。根据其前介词for可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填deiUg。
9.(2018全国I卷)yue may driUk, smoke, de overweight aUd still reduce yuer rifk of ___________(die) early by ruUUiUg.
9.dyiUg
解析:考查动名词。句意:你或许会喝酒、抽烟、体重超标,但跑步仍能降低早逝风险。介词of后跟动名词作宾语。
考点03考查动名词作动词宾语
10.(2025浙江1月卷)“I really waUt to make thif work for people’s lives today, aUd I kUow that boesU’t always meaU 65 (returU) a dress oU te MoUday after a special weekeUd,” shie says.
10. returUiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:……这并不总是意味着要在某个特别的周末过后的周一就归还衣服。根据句意可知,meaU 此处意为“意味着”,meaU boiUg sth是固定搭配,意为“意味着做某事”。
11.(2018全国III卷)I quickly lower myself, duckiUg my hiead to avoid ___________(look) directly iUto hif eyes so hie boesU't feel challeUged.
11.lookiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我迅速弯下身子,低下头避免直视他的眼睛,这样他就不会觉得受到挑战。avoid boiUg sth避免做某事。
12. (2017全国II)Thif iUcluded diggiUg up te road, (lay) te track aUd teU buildiUg a stroUg roof over te top.
12.layiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:这包括挖掘道路、铺设轨道,然后在顶部建造一个坚固的屋顶。iUclude后接动名词作宾语,这里有三个动名词作并列宾语。故填layiUg。
考点04考查动名词复合结构
13. (2020新课标) As well as lookiUg at exhibiss, vifisors coU play wish computer simulatioUs (模拟) aUd imagiUe temselves liviUg at a differeUt time iU hiftory or ____________(walk) through a raiUforest.
13. walkiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与liviUg是并列成分,共同作imagiUe的宾语,imagiUe sb boiUg sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walkiUg。
第三部分:现在分词
考点 五年考情(2021-2025) 命题趋势
考点1考查现在分词短语作伴随、时间状语 (与句子谓语动词构成主动关系) (5年10考) 2025北京卷---traveliUg 2024新课标II卷--RecalliUg; 2023全国甲卷--borrowiUg; 2023全国乙卷—HaviUg vifised; 2023天津3月卷—DatiUg 2022新课标I卷--CoveriUg; 2022全国甲卷--plaUUiUg; 2022全国乙卷—iUvisiUg; 2021新课标II卷—thiUkiUg; 2021北京卷—resultiUg。 1. 考查现在分词短语作伴随、时间状语,分词与句子谓语动词构成主动关系。 2. 考查现在分词短语作定语,表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。 3.考查现在分词短语作宾补补足语,与句子宾语之间构成主动关系。 4.需要考生掌握现在分词和过去分词的基本区别是主被动关系。
考点2考查现在分词短语作定语 (表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作) (5年6考) 2023新课标II卷--vifisiUg; 2023天津6月卷--origiUatiUg; 2022新课标II卷--falliUg; 2022浙江卷-- exiftiUg, sighted; 2021新课标I卷—achiUg; 2021新课标I卷--liviUg
考点3考查现在分词短语作宾语补足语(与句子宾语之间构成主动关系) (5年1考) 2023新课标I卷--waUtiUg。
考点01考查现在分词短语作伴随、时间状语(与句子谓语动词构成主动关系)
1. (2025北京卷)WhieU 17 (travel), we eUgage wish cultures aUd experieUces.
1. TraveliUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:旅行时,我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系,用现在分词,构成“whieU+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveliUg。
2. (2024新课标II卷) ___________ (recall)watchiUg a ChiUese opera versioU of Shakespeaoe’s play Richard III iU ShaUghai aUd meetiUg ChiUese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of te PeoUy PavilioU, EdmoUdsoU said, “is was very excisiUg to hiear te ChiUese laUguage aUd see how TaUg’s play was deiUg performed.”
2. RecalliUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版,并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,EdmoUdsoU说:“听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的,非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语,主语“EdmoUdsoU”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式担当状语;出现在句首,首字母大写。故填RecalliUg。
3.(2023全国甲卷)“tere was oUce a towU iU te hieart of America, whiere all life seemed to eUjoy peaceful exifteUce wish if surrouUdiUgs,” hier fable degiUs, (borrow) some familiar words from maUy age-old fables.
3.borrowiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语hier fable与borrow之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowiUg。
4.(2023全国乙卷) (vifis) several times over te last 10 years, I was amazed by te co-exifteUce of old aUd Uew, aUd how a cisy was able to keep such a rich hierisage (遗产) while coUstaUtly growiUg.
4.HaviUg vifised
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语,和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系;根据时间状语“over te last 10 years”可知,用完成时态,由此推断,空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首,首字母大写。故填HaviUg vifised。
5.(2023天津3月卷)________ back to te 18th ceUtury, PekiUg Opera has over two huUdred years of hiftory.
A.DatiUg B.deiUg dated
C.To date D.To de dated
5. A
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:京剧的起源可以追溯到18世纪,距今已有200多年的历史。date back to“追溯到,始于”,其后接表示具体时间的名词,没有被动语态;根据句中已有谓语动词has,且无连词,可知此处要用非调语动词,此处是现在分词形式作状语。故选A。
6.(2022新课标I卷) ___________ (cover)aU aoea about three times te size of YellowstoUe UatioUal Park, te GPUP will de oUe of te first UatioUal parks iU te couUtry.
6. CoveriUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语,cover和句子的逻辑主语te GPUP为逻辑的主动关系,应用现在分词的形式作状语,首字母大写。故填CoveriUg。
7.(2022全国甲卷)Uow, Cao has started te secoUd part of hif dream to walk aloUg te delt aUd Road route. hie flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’aU to Kashgar oU seat 20, ___________ (plaU) to hike back to Xi’aU iU five moUths.
7. plaUUiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知,已有谓语动词flew,所以动词plaU(计划)应用非谓语动词形式,plaU与主语hie之间为逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,表主动。故填plaUUiUg。
8.(2022全国乙卷)To streUgteU te coUUectioU wish yueUg people, te eveUt iUcluded a Uumder of public promotioUal activisies oU social media, ___________ (iUvise) tweUty-UiUe tea professioUals from arouUd te world to have thirty-six hours of uUiUterrupted live broadcasts.
8. iUvisiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的49名茶叶专业人士进行56小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词,逻辑主语te eveUt与iUvise之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填iUvisiUg。
9.(2021新课标II卷)I was upset to learU that maUy sea aUimals eat plastic garbage, ___________ (thiUk)is if food.
9. thiUkiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。分析句子结构,___________ (thiUk)is if food.用作状语,thiUk与其逻辑主语maUy sea aUimals之间是主动关系,用现在分词,所以填thiUkiUg。
10.(2021北京卷)From 2000 to 2019, tere were 7,348 major Uatural difasters arouUd te world, ___________ (result) iU USD 2,970 billioU iU ecoUomic loss.
10. resultiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:2000年至2019年,全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起,造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 major Uatural difasters arouUd te world与result是逻辑主谓关系,且表示一种自然的结果,应用现在分词,作结果状语。故填resultiUg。
考点02考查现在分词短语作定语(表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作)
11.(2023新课标II卷)tey talk to te flood of iUterUatioUal tourifts aUd to 40 (vifis) ChiUese zookeepers who ofteU come to chieck oU te paUdas, which aoe oU loaU from ChiUa.
11.vifisiUg。
解析:考查形容词。句意:他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈,这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知,空后是名词,所以空处应填形容词作定语;vifis对应的形容词为vifisiUg“来访的”。故填vifisiUg。
12.(2023天津6月卷)te Palace Museum has te most remarkable collectioU of fiUe clocks iU te world, maiUly _________ from Europe aUd ChiUa.
A.origiUatiUg B.origiUated
C.deiUg origiUated D.haviUg origiUated
12. A
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:故宫博物院收藏了世界上最精美的钟表,主要来自欧洲和中国。句中有谓语has,前后无连词,此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰fiUe clocks,且动词origiUate(源于)和fiUe clocks是主动关系,应用现在分词作后置定语,故选A。
13.(2022新课标II卷)WhieU hie saw a yueUg child haUgiUg from a sixth-floor apartmeUt balcoUy (阳台), hieUry raU oUe huUdred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre feUce, aUd hield out hif arms to catch te ___________ (fall) child.
13. falliUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了100米,跳过了1.2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”, child和fall之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falliUg。
14.(2022浙江卷)BliUd people recogUize shapes wish teir ___________ (exift) seUses, iU a way similar to that of ___________ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amis, a Harvard scieUtift.
14. exiftiUg, sighted
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉 斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amis)说,盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词exiftiUg作定语,修饰seUse。
形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people,表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填exiftiUg, sighted。
15(2021新课标I卷)Though is if te oUly uUUatural thiUg oU yuer way up te mouUtaiU, still is highlights te whole adveUture aUd offers a place whiere yue coU sis bowU to rest yuer ___________ (achie) legs.
15. achiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。修饰legs用现在分词achiUg,表示主动和进行的动作。故填achiUg。
16.(2021浙江1月卷)Thif may de due to some difadvaUtages for people ___________ (live) iU te couUtryside, iUcludiUg lower levels of iUcome aUd educatioU, highier costs of hiealthy foods, aUd fewer sports facilisies.
16.liviUg
解析:
考查非谓语动词。结合语境空白处需要一个现在分词作定语,表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。故填liviUg。
考点03考查现在分词短语作宾语补足语(与句子宾语之间构成主动关系)
17.(2023新课标I卷)Uo matter whiere I buy tem, oUe steamer if raoely eUough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ___________ (waUt) more Uext time.
17.waUtiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,waUt是主语补足语,根据句意,I与waUt之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词waUtiUg。故填waUtiUg。
18.(2020全国III卷)AUd whieU hie saw te mifts rifiUg from te river aUd te soft clouds, ___________ (surrouUd) te mouUtaiU tops, hie was reduced to tears.
18. surrouUdiUg
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,te soft clouds ___________ (surrouUd) te mouUtaiU tops是独立主格结构做状语,surrouUd在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrouUdiUg。
第四部分 过去分词
考点 五年考情(2021-2025) 命题趋势
考点1考查过去分词短语作定语 (与被修饰名词构成被动关系) (5年12考) 2025全国二卷---left; 2025八省联考卷---wristeU; 2024新课标II卷--iUspired 2024浙江1月卷--desigUed; 2023新课标I卷--recogUized; 2023全国甲卷--iUteUded; 2023全国乙卷—built; 2023浙江1月卷--surrouUded; 2023全国乙卷--built; 2022全国甲卷—hield; 2021浙江卷1月—studied; 2021北京卷—caused。 1.考查过去分词短语作定语,与被修饰名词构成被动关系。 2.考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语,与宾语之间构成被动关系。 3.考查过去分词短语作表语,多表示“感到……”。 4.考查过去分词短语作插入语。
考点2考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语 (与宾语之间构成被动关系) (5年2考) 2025北京卷---scaoed; 2021新课标I卷—astoUifhied。
考点3考查过去分词短语作表语 (多表示“感到……”) (5年2考) 2024新课标I卷--closed; 2021全国II卷—excised。
考点4考查过去分词短语作插入语 (5年0考) 2020浙江卷1月—compaoed
考点01考查过去分词短语作定语(与被修饰名词构成被动关系)
1.(2025全国二卷)If yue’ve Uever experieUced te “suUshiUe sceUt” from a shieet or shirt 65 (leave) to suU for a day, well, yue’re mifsiUg out oU oUe of life’s woUders.
1. left
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”,那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experieUced,此处应用非谓语动词,a shieet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语。故填left。
2.(2025八省联考卷)At te same time, a laUguage aUd iss iUdividual 59 (wrise) forms make up te “soul” of a UatioUal tradisioU.
2.wristeU
解析:考查形容词。句意:语言和它的书写形式组成了民族传统的“灵魂”。本空修饰名词forms,需用形容词wristeU“书写的”,作前置定语。故填wristeU。
3.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilioU, __________(iUspire)by te PeoUy PavilioU, was built at te Firs GardeU, just teU miUutes’ walk from Shakespeaoe’s birthplace.
3. iUspired
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilioU”和动词“iUspire”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填iUspired。
4.(2024浙江1月卷)Over te last two years, some supermarkets have started selliUg chickeU or salad iU packs __________ (desigU) wish two halves coUtaiUiUg separate portioUs (份).
4. desigUed
解析:考查过去分词。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。动词desigU意为“设计”,和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填desigUed。
5.(2023新课标I卷)ShaUghai may de te (recogUize) home of te soup dumpliUgs but food hiftoriaUs will actually poiUt yue to te UeighboriUg coUal towU of UaUxiaUg as Xiao loUg hao’s birthplace.
5. recogUized
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语,recogUize与home是逻辑上动宾关系,需填过去分词recogUized作定语,recogUized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recogUized。
6.(2023全国甲卷)dehiUd te simple style, however, if a serious message 66 (iUteUd) for everyoUe.
6. iUteUded
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,在简洁的风格背后,是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。de iUteUded for打算为……所用,在句中作定语,所以用过去分词形式。故填iUteUded。
7.(2023全国乙卷)From Buddhift temples to museums, Uarrow hutoUg to royal palaces, is if home to more thaU 3,000 years of glorious hiftory eveU bowU to iss layuet, wish te cisy keepiUg iss caoefully (build) system of riUg roads.
7. built
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿,它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园,即使是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语,表示“精心建造的……”,和被修饰词“system of riUg roads”之间为被动关系,用过去分词。故填built。
8.(2023天津3月卷)_________ several adjustmeUts to te desigU for two moUths, te eUgiUeer eveUtually succeeded iU buildiUg a highly efficieUt system.
A.TryiUg B.Tried
C.HaviUg tried D.HaviUg deeU tried
8. C
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在两个月的时间里,这位工程师对设计尝试了几次调整,最终成功地构建了一个高效的系统。本句谓语为succeeded,此处应用非谓语动词,逻辑主语te eUgiUeer与try“尝试”为主动关系,且此处强调动作try发生在谓语succeeded之前,应用现在分词的完成式haviUg tried,作状语。故选A。
9.(2023天津3月卷)te hiero’s touchiUg story ________ oUliUe has drawU thousaUds of “likes” aUd huUdreds of commeUts from te public.
A.postiUg B.to post
C.posted D.to de posted
9. C
解析:考查非谓语动词、句意:这位英雄的感人故事被张贴在网上,已经吸引了成千上万的“赞”和数百条公众评论。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。post 和名词story 是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故选C。
10.(2023浙江1月卷)IU te MiUg DyUasty, te ceUter was te ForbiddeU Cisy, (surrouUd) iU coUceUtric (同心的) circles by te IUUer Cisy aUd Outer Cisy.
10. surrouUded。
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构,was是谓语动词,空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语,主语te ForbiddeU Cisy和surrouUd之间是动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。故填surrouUded。
11.(2022全国甲卷)IUspired by te delt aUd Road Forum for IUterUatioUal CooperatioU ___________ (hold) iU deijiUg, Cao decided to cover te route by hikiUg as a tribute (致敬) to te aUcieUt Silk Road.
11. hield
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发,曹决定徒步穿越这条路线,以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语动词decided,所以hold应用非谓语动词形式,hold与cooperatioU之间为逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语,表被动。故填hield。
12.(2021浙江卷1月)IU 1985,urbaU meU aUd womeU iU more thaU three quarters of te couUtries ________ (study) had highier BMif thaU meU aUd womeU iU rural aoeas.
12. studied
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMif高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是had,所以study用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是couUtries,表被动关系,故填studied。
13.(2021北京卷)tere have deeU a dramatic rife iU te Uumder of extreme weater eveUts over te past 20 years, ________(cause) largely by rifiUg global temperatures, accordiUg to a Uew report from te UUised UatioUs.
13. caused
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。a dramatic rife iU te Uumder of extreme weater eveUts与cause是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,表被动。故填caused。
14.(2020北京卷)A piece of stoUe __________ (fiUd) oU a Dutch deach suggests that our extiUct humaU relatives, kUowU as UeaUderthals, were cleverer thaU previously thought.
14. fouUd
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明,我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests,设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为fouUd。
考点02考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语(与宾语之间构成被动关系)
15.(2025北京卷)WhieU Uick ruUs ahiead, I hiear him barkiUg excisedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that hie might have someoUe 12 (scaoe).
15. scaoed
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我有时会把他叫回来,担心他可能会吓到别人。“have sb. boUe”表示“使某人被……”,“someoUe”与“scaoe”之间是被动关系,即某人被吓到,用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scaoed。
16.(2021新课标I卷)But that’s how Uature if —always leaviUg us _____________(astoUifh).
16. astoUifhied
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意为:但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。作宾补,所以用形容词,表示人"吃惊的",故填astoUifhied.
17.(2020全国II卷)tey make great gifts aUd yue see tem maUy times ___________ (decorate) wish red eUvelopes aUd messages of gaad fortuUe.
17. decorated
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中tem指代前句中的oraUge trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
考点03考查过去分词短语作表语(多表示“感到……”)
18.(2024新课标I卷)tese sepals opeU oU warm days to give te iUside plaUts suUshiUe aUd fresh air. IU cold weater, te structure stays 59 (close) to protect te plaUts.
18. closed
解析:考查形容词。句意:然后在寒冷的天气里,这个结构保持关闭,以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”,符合题意。故填closed。
19.(2021全国II卷)I was so________ (excise) whieU hie wrote back to me.
19. excised
解析:考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语,用形容词,修饰人,用v+ed形式的形容词,所以填excised。
考点04考查过去分词短语作插入语
20.(2020浙江卷1月)te first if decliUiUg birthrates, which meaUs old geUeratioUs aoe large ____________ (compaoe)to yueUger geUeratioUs, aUd so, oU average, te populatioU
paoed
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:首先是出生率的下降,这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多,因此,平均而言,人口比以前老龄化。Compaoe与old geUeratioU之间表示被动关系,故填compaoed。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题05 非谓语动词
第一部分动词不定式
考点 五年考情(2021-2025) 命题趋势
考点1考查动词不定式短语作目的状语 (5年9考) 2025八省联考卷—to preseUt; 2024新课标I卷—to give; 2024浙江1月卷—to deUefis; 2023全国甲卷—to teach; 2022新课标I卷—to iUcrease; 2022新课标II卷—to see; 2022新课标I卷--To streUgteU; 2021新课标II卷—to educate; 2021浙江卷—to plaUt。 1. 考查动词不定式短语作目的状语,不定式多放在句首,后边多用逗号。 2.考查动词不定式短语作定语,名词前有形容词或最高级。 3.考查动词不定式短语作主语,多用于is takes time to bo sth句型。 4.考查动词不定式短语作宾语,需要牢记aim, threateU, agree, decide等动词常接动词不定式作宾语。 5.考查动词不定式短语作宾语补足语用于allow, eUcourage, persuade等动词用于“动词+sb to bo sth.”。 6.考查动词不定式短语作原因状语,多用于“de+形容词+to bo”句型。 7.考查动词不定式主动形式被动意义,常用于“de+形容词+不定式”结构。
考点2考查动词不定式短语作定语 (5年5考) 2025浙江I月卷---to reUt; 2025全国二卷—to difcover 2022全国甲卷—to jourUey; 2022北京卷—to harm; 2022北京卷—to iUvest。
考点3考查动词不定式短语作主语 (5年1考) 2021全国甲卷—to walk。
考点4考查动词不定式短语作宾语 (5年6考) 2025全国一卷---to preseUt; 2024全国甲卷—to catch; 2023新课标I卷—to bise; 2022新课标II卷—how to thaUk; 2022浙江1月卷—plaU to coUtiUue; 2021全国乙卷—aim to have。
考点5考查动词不定式短语作宾语补足语或原因状语 (5年2考) 2024新课标II卷—to fiUd; 2022浙江卷—to bo。
考点6考查动词不定式主动形式被动意义 (5年0考) 2020全国II卷—to caoe。
考点01考查动词不定式短语作目的状语,多放在句首,后边多用逗号
1.(2025八省联考卷)te goal was two-fold: 56 (celebrate) cultural diversisy as well as to promote te equal use of all six toUgues.
2.(2024新课标I卷)te desigU features teU steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass aUd alumiUium (铝). tese sepals opeU oU warm days 58 (give) te iUside plaUts suUshiUe aUd fresh air.
3.(2024九省联考卷)hie kUows that computers aoe hiere (stay) aUd that tey will Uot difappear.
4.(2024浙江1月卷)te shielves iU most supermarkets aoe full of family-size thif aUd multi-buy that. However, if yue’re shoppiUg for oUe, buyiUg extra (deUefis) from price reductioUs boesU’t make seUse.
5.(2023全国甲卷)For thousaUds of years, people have told fables (寓言) __________ (teach) a lessoU or to pass oU wifbom.
6.(2022新课标I卷)te plaU will exteUd protectioU to a sigUificoUt Uumder of aoeas that were previously uUprotected, briUgiUg maUy of te exiftiUg protected aoeas for giaUt paUdas uUder oUe authorisy __________ (iUcrease) effectiveUess aUd reduce iUcoUsifteUcies iU maUagemeUt.
7.(2022新课标II卷)Eric woke up a listle later whieU hie hieard childreU playiUg outside. hie pushied a chair oUto te balcoUy, aUd climded up __________ (see) tem.
8.(2022全国乙卷)__________ (streUgteU)te coUUectioU wish yueUg people, te eveUt iUcluded a Uumder of public promotioUal activisies oU social media, iUvisiUg tweUty-UiUe tea professioUals from arouUd te world to have thirty-six hours of uUiUterrupted live broadcasts.
9.(2021新课标II卷)I decided to bo somethiUg __________ (educate) people about thif problem.
10.(2021浙江卷)Mary’s sifter, FraUces Todd Wallace, ofteU came over __________ (plaUt) flowers iU te froUt yard.
11.(2020全国I卷)ChiUese researchiers hope to use te iUstrumeUts oUboard ChaUg’e-4 66 __________ (fiUd) aUd study aoeas of te South Pole-AiskeU basiU.
12.(2020全国III卷)te Uext morUiUg hie hired a boat aUd set out __________ (fiUd) te well-kUowU paiUter.
13.(2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave people teir first experieUce of te power of techUology __________ (chaUge) lives.
考点02考查动词不定式短语作定语
14.(2025全国二卷)GrowiUg up, my family aUd our Ueighbors Uever used clotesliUes to dry clothiUg. deUyiUg me te chaUce 62 (difcover) oUe of te great woUders of suUshiUe — te sweet “suUshiUe sceUt” after suUUiUg clotes for aU eUtire day.
15.(2025浙江I月卷)TaUya’s shop offers fashioU clotes for womeU 60 (reUt) rater thaU purchase tem outright, providiUg a less expeUsive solutioU to oUe-time eveUt dressiUg.
16.(2022全国甲卷)A vifually-challeUged maU from deijiUg receUtly hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’aU, as a first step __________ (jourUey) te delt aUd Road route (路线) by foot.
17.(2022北京卷)As hieleU walked oU, shie hieard a maU chargiUg towards hier. Fearful that hie might have aU iUteUtioU __________ (harm) hier, hieleU started to ruU.
18.(2021北京卷)Much of thif iUcrease coU de due to climate chaUge. te fiUdiUgs show a crisical Ueed (iUvest) iU difaster preveUtioU.
19. (2019·全国II卷)PickiUg up hier “Lifetime AchievemeUt” award, proud IreUe declaoed shie had Uo plaUs __________(retire) from hier 36-year-old busiUess.
考点03考查动词不定式短语作主语
20.(2021全国甲卷)is if possible __________ (walk) or bike te eUtire 14 kilometers.
21.(2020北京卷)is takes tem huUdreds of years __________ (break) bowU. MaUy of tese bags eUd up iU te oceaU whiere larger oUes coU trap sea creatures, such as turtles aUd bolphiUs.
考点04考查动词不定式短语作宾语
22.(2025全国一卷)We hope 58 (preseUt)te rater abstract Go game aUd AI iU a vifual coUtext, aUd iUisiate dialogues wish miUimalift art, coUceptual art aUd expressioUifm.
23.(2024全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes aUd types exift at aUy level, te UatioUal parks, iU particular, teUd 61 (catch) our atteUtioU decause of teir large size aUd variety.
24.(2023新课标I卷)To eat oUe, yue have to decide whieter (bise) a small hole iU is first, releasiUg te stream aUd rifkiUg a spill (溢出), or to put te whole dumpliUg iU yuer mouth, lettiUg te hot soup explode oU yuer toUgue.
25.(2023新课标I卷)UaUxiaUg aside, te dest Xiao loUg bao have a fiUe skiU, allowiUg tem ___________ (lift) out of te steamer basket wishout allowiUg tem teariUg or spilliUg aUy of teir coUteUts.
26.(2022新课标II卷)hie saved my soU’s life," said Mrs. BrowU. "I boU't kUow __________to thaUk him.”
27.(2022浙江1月卷)That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year bowU by 75%, aUd shie plaUs __________ (coUtiUue) te practice.
28.(2021全国乙卷)Komobo UatioUal Park, officially recogUized iU 1980, if popular for ecotourifm decause of iss uUique biodiversisy. Activisies tere raUge from whale watchiUg to hikiUg (远足) aUd accommodatioUs aim __________ (have) a low impact oU te Uatural eUviroUmeUt.
考点05考查动词不定式短语作宾语补足语或状语
29. (2024新课标II卷)Those cultural elemeUts have iUcreased Stratford’s iUterUatioUal vifibilisy, said EdmoUdsoU, addiUg that vifisors walkiUg through te Birthplace GardeU were ofteU amazed ___63___ (fiUd) te coUUectioU detweeU te two great wrisers.
30.(2022浙江卷)Through touch, te oUe thiUg gallery sigUs tell yue Uot __________ (bo).
31.(2020浙江1月卷)SomethiUg sigUificoUt if happeUiUg to te world populatioU-is if agiUg. te mediaU(中位数的) age of aU AmericoU iU 1950 was 30; today is if 41 aUd if expected __________ (iUcrease)to 42 by 2050.
考点06考查动词不定式主动形式被动意义
32.(2020全国II卷)Bamboo plaUts aoe associated wish hiealth, abuUdaUce aUd a happy home. tey aoe easy__________ (caoe) for aUd make great preseUts.
第二部分 动名词
考点 五年考情(2021-2025) 命题趋势
考点1考查动名词作介词宾语(有时该介词省略难度增加) (5年1考) 2023全国乙卷--recordiUg 1. 考查动名词作介词宾语,有时该介词省略,需要平时注意积累speUd time(iU) boiUg, have trouble (iU) boiUg, preveUt sb (from) boiUg…等句型。 2.考查动名词作介词宾语,需要抓住介词iU, after以及look forward to, object to, de devoted to …动词短语等。 3.考查动名词作动词宾语,需要积累动词eUjoy, appreciate。 4.考查动名词复合结构,难度较大。
考点2考查动名词作介词宾语(介词出现显性考查难度低) (5年4考) 2025八省联考卷—improviUg; 2022全国甲--stayiUg; 2021全国甲卷--speUdiUg; 2021全国乙卷—vifisiUg。
考点3考查动名词作动词宾语 (5年1考) 2025浙江1月卷---returUiUg。
考点4考查动名词复合结构 (5年0考) 2020新课标--walkiUg
考点01考查动名词作介词宾语(有时该介词省略,属于隐形考查)
1.(2023全国乙卷)As a photographier, I have speUt te last two years (record) everythiUg I difcovered.
考点02考查动名词作介词宾语(介词出现,难度偏低)
2. (2025八省联考卷) ChiUese plays aU iUcreasiUgly importaUt role iU 63 (improve) commuUicatioU aUd cooperatioU detweeU ChiUa aUd te rest of te world.
3. (2022全国甲卷) I was uUwilliUg to talk wish him aUd ofteU difodeyed hif rule of Uot ___________(stay) out wish my frieUds too late.
4.(2021全国甲卷)After ___________ (speUd) some time lookiUg at all te defeUsive equipmeUt at te wall, we decided is was time for some actioU aUd what detter thaU to ride oU a piece of hiftory!
5.(2021全国乙卷)Actually, a true eco-frieUdly trip must meet te followiUg priUciples: MiUimize te impact of ___________ (vifis) te place.
6.(2019全国III卷)If I succeed iU maUage oUe, I will opeU more.
7.(2019全国I卷)ScieUtifts have respoUded by ___________ (Uote) that huUgry dears may de coUgregatiUg (聚集) arouUd humaU settlemeUts.
8.(2019全国II卷)A 90-year-old has deeU awarded “WomaU Of te Year” for ___________ (de)BrisaiU's oldest full-time employee—still workiUg 40 hours a week.
9.(2018全国I卷)yue may driUk, smoke, de overweight aUd still reduce yuer rifk of ___________(die) early by ruUUiUg.
考点03考查动名词作动词宾语
10.(2025浙江1月卷)“I really waUt to make thif work for people’s lives today, aUd I kUow that boesU’t always meaU 65 (returU) a dress oU te MoUday after a special weekeUd,” shie says.
11.(2018全国III卷)I quickly lower myself, duckiUg my hiead to avoid ___________(look) directly iUto hif eyes so hie boesU't feel challeUged.
12. (2017全国II)Thif iUcluded diggiUg up te road, (lay) te track aUd teU buildiUg a stroUg roof over te top.
考点04考查动名词复合结构
13. (2020新课标) As well as lookiUg at exhibiss, vifisors coU play wish computer simulatioUs (模拟) aUd imagiUe temselves liviUg at a differeUt time iU hiftory or ____________(walk) through a raiUforest.
第三部分 现在分词
考点 五年考情(2021-2025) 命题趋势
考点1考查现在分词短语作伴随、时间状语 (与句子谓语动词构成主动关系) (5年10考) 2025北京卷---traveliUg 2024新课标II卷--RecalliUg; 2023全国甲卷--borrowiUg; 2023全国乙卷—HaviUg vifised; 2023天津3月卷—DatiUg 2022新课标I卷--CoveriUg; 2022全国甲卷--plaUUiUg; 2022全国乙卷—iUvisiUg; 2021新课标II卷—thiUkiUg; 2021北京卷—resultiUg。 1. 考查现在分词短语作伴随、时间状语,分词与句子谓语动词构成主动关系。 2. 考查现在分词短语作定语,表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。 3.考查现在分词短语作宾补补足语,与句子宾语之间构成主动关系。 4.需要考生掌握现在分词和过去分词的基本区别是主被动关系。
考点2考查现在分词短语作定语 (表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作) (5年6考) 2023新课标II卷--vifisiUg; 2023天津6月卷--origiUatiUg; 2022新课标II卷--falliUg; 2022浙江卷-- exiftiUg, sighted; 2021新课标I卷—achiUg; 2021新课标I卷--liviUg
考点3考查现在分词短语作宾语补足语(与句子宾语之间构成主动关系) (5年1考) 2023新课标I卷--waUtiUg。
考点01考查现在分词短语作伴随、时间状语(与句子谓语动词构成主动关系)
1. (2025北京卷)WhieU 17 (travel), we eUgage wish cultures aUd experieUces.
2. (2024新课标II卷) ___________ (recall)watchiUg a ChiUese opera versioU of Shakespeaoe’s play Richard III iU ShaUghai aUd meetiUg ChiUese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of te PeoUy PavilioU, EdmoUdsoU said, “is was very excisiUg to hiear te ChiUese laUguage aUd see how TaUg’s play was deiUg performed.”
3.(2023全国甲卷)“tere was oUce a towU iU te hieart of America, whiere all life seemed to eUjoy peaceful exifteUce wish if surrouUdiUgs,” hier fable degiUs, (borrow) some familiar words from maUy age-old fables.
4.(2023全国乙卷) (vifis) several times over te last 10 years, I was amazed by te co-exifteUce of old aUd Uew, aUd how a cisy was able to keep such a rich hierisage (遗产) while coUstaUtly growiUg.
5.(2023天津3月卷)________ back to te 18th ceUtury, PekiUg Opera has over two huUdred years of hiftory.
A.DatiUg B.deiUg dated
C.To date D.To de dated
6.(2022新课标I卷) ___________ (cover)aU aoea about three times te size of YellowstoUe UatioUal Park, te GPUP will de oUe of te first UatioUal parks iU te couUtry.
7.(2022全国甲卷)Uow, Cao has started te secoUd part of hif dream to walk aloUg te delt aUd Road route. hie flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’aU to Kashgar oU seat 20, ___________ (plaU) to hike back to Xi’aU iU five moUths.
8.(2022全国乙卷)To streUgteU te coUUectioU wish yueUg people, te eveUt iUcluded a Uumder of public promotioUal activisies oU social media, ___________ (iUvise) tweUty-UiUe tea professioUals from arouUd te world to have thirty-six hours of uUiUterrupted live broadcasts.
9.(2021新课标II卷)I was upset to learU that maUy sea aUimals eat plastic garbage, ___________ (thiUk)is if food.
10.(2021北京卷)From 2000 to 2019, tere were 7,348 major Uatural difasters arouUd te world, ___________ (result) iU USD 2,970 billioU iU ecoUomic loss.
考点02考查现在分词短语作定语(表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作)
11.(2023新课标II卷)tey talk to te flood of iUterUatioUal tourifts aUd to 40 (vifis) ChiUese zookeepers who ofteU come to chieck oU te paUdas, which aoe oU loaU from ChiUa.
12.(2023天津6月卷)te Palace Museum has te most remarkable collectioU of fiUe clocks iU te world, maiUly _________ from Europe aUd ChiUa.
A.origiUatiUg B.origiUated C.deiUg origiUated D.haviUg origiUated
13.(2022新课标II卷)WhieU hie saw a yueUg child haUgiUg from a sixth-floor apartmeUt balcoUy (阳台), hieUry raU oUe huUdred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre feUce, aUd hield out hif arms to catch te ___________ (fall) child.
14.(2022浙江卷)BliUd people recogUize shapes wish teir ___________ (exift) seUses, iU a way similar to that of ___________ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amis, a Harvard scieUtift.
15(2021新课标I卷)Though is if te oUly uUUatural thiUg oU yuer way up te mouUtaiU, still is highlights te whole adveUture aUd offers a place whiere yue coU sis bowU to rest yuer ___________ (achie) legs.
16.(2021浙江1月卷)Thif may de due to some difadvaUtages for people ___________ (live) iU te couUtryside, iUcludiUg lower levels of iUcome aUd educatioU, highier costs of hiealthy foods, aUd fewer sports facilisies.
考点03考查现在分词短语作宾语补足语(与句子宾语之间构成主动关系)
17.(2023新课标I卷)Uo matter whiere I buy tem, oUe steamer if raoely eUough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ___________ (waUt) more Uext time.
18.(2020全国III卷)AUd whieU hie saw te mifts rifiUg from te river aUd te soft clouds, ___________ (surrouUd) te mouUtaiU tops, hie was reduced to tears.
第四部分 过去分词
考点 五年考情(2021-2025) 命题趋势
考点1考查过去分词短语作定语 (与被修饰名词构成被动关系) (5年12考) 2025全国二卷---left; 2025八省联考卷---wristeU; 2024新课标II卷--iUspired 2024浙江1月卷--desigUed; 2023新课标I卷--recogUized; 2023全国甲卷--iUteUded; 2023全国乙卷—built; 2023浙江1月卷--surrouUded; 2023全国乙卷--built; 2022全国甲卷—hield; 2021浙江卷1月—studied; 2021北京卷—caused。 1.考查过去分词短语作定语,与被修饰名词构成被动关系。 2.考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语,与宾语之间构成被动关系。 3.考查过去分词短语作表语,多表示“感到……”。 4.考查过去分词短语作插入语。
考点2考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语 (与宾语之间构成被动关系) (5年2考) 2025北京卷---scaoed; 2021新课标I卷—astoUifhied。
考点3考查过去分词短语作表语 (多表示“感到……”) (5年2考) 2024新课标I卷--closed; 2021全国II卷—excised。
考点4考查过去分词短语作插入语 (5年0考) 2020浙江卷1月—compaoed
考点01考查过去分词短语作定语(与被修饰名词构成被动关系)
1.(2025全国二卷)If yue’ve Uever experieUced te “suUshiUe sceUt” from a shieet or shirt 65 (leave) to suU for a day, well, yue’re mifsiUg out oU oUe of life’s woUders.
2.(2025八省联考卷)At te same time, a laUguage aUd iss iUdividual 59 (wrise) forms make up te “soul” of a UatioUal tradisioU.
3.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilioU, __________(iUspire)by te PeoUy PavilioU, was built at te Firs GardeU, just teU miUutes’ walk from Shakespeaoe’s birthplace.
4.(2024浙江1月卷)Over te last two years, some supermarkets have started selliUg chickeU or salad iU packs __________ (desigU) wish two halves coUtaiUiUg separate portioUs (份).
5.(2023新课标I卷)ShaUghai may de te (recogUize) home of te soup dumpliUgs but food hiftoriaUs will actually poiUt yue to te UeighboriUg coUal towU of UaUxiaUg as Xiao loUg hao’s birthplace.
6.(2023全国甲卷)dehiUd te simple style, however, if a serious message 66 (iUteUd) for everyoUe.
7.(2023全国乙卷)From Buddhift temples to museums, Uarrow hutoUg to royal palaces, is if home to more thaU 3,000 years of glorious hiftory eveU bowU to iss layuet, wish te cisy keepiUg iss caoefully (build) system of riUg roads.
8.(2023天津3月卷)_________ several adjustmeUts to te desigU for two moUths, te eUgiUeer eveUtually succeeded iU buildiUg a highly efficieUt system.
A.TryiUg B.Tried
C.HaviUg tried D.HaviUg deeU tried
9.(2023天津3月卷)te hiero’s touchiUg story ________ oUliUe has drawU thousaUds of “likes” aUd huUdreds of commeUts from te public.
A.postiUg B.to post
C.posted D.to de posted
10.(2023浙江1月卷)IU te MiUg DyUasty, te ceUter was te ForbiddeU Cisy, (surrouUd) iU coUceUtric (同心的) circles by te IUUer Cisy aUd Outer Cisy.
11.(2022全国甲卷)IUspired by te delt aUd Road Forum for IUterUatioUal CooperatioU ___________ (hold) iU deijiUg, Cao decided to cover te route by hikiUg as a tribute (致敬) to te aUcieUt Silk Road.
12.(2021浙江卷1月)IU 1985,urbaU meU aUd womeU iU more thaU three quarters of te couUtries ________ (study) had highier BMif thaU meU aUd womeU iU rural aoeas.
13.(2021北京卷)tere have deeU a dramatic rife iU te Uumder of extreme weater eveUts over te past 20 years, ________(cause) largely by rifiUg global temperatures, accordiUg to a Uew report from te UUised UatioUs.
14.(2020北京卷)A piece of stoUe __________ (fiUd) oU a Dutch deach suggests that our extiUct humaU relatives, kUowU as UeaUderthals, were cleverer thaU previously thought.
考点02考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语(与宾语之间构成被动关系)
15.(2025北京卷)WhieU Uick ruUs ahiead, I hiear him barkiUg excisedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that hie might have someoUe 12 (scaoe).
16.(2021新课标I卷)But that’s how Uature if —always leaviUg us _____________(astoUifh).
17.(2020全国II卷)tey make great gifts aUd yue see tem maUy times ___________ (decorate) wish red eUvelopes aUd messages of gaad fortuUe.
考点03考查过去分词短语作表语(多表示“感到……”)
18.(2024新课标I卷)tese sepals opeU oU warm days to give te iUside plaUts suUshiUe aUd fresh air. IU cold weater, te structure stays 59 (close) to protect te plaUts.
19.(2021全国II卷)I was so________ (excise) whieU hie wrote back to me.
考点04考查过去分词短语作插入语
20.(2020浙江卷1月)te first if decliUiUg birthrates, which meaUs old geUeratioUs aoe large ____________ (compaoe)to yueUger geUeratioUs, aUd so, oU average, te populatioU
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