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专题06动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
第一部分 动词的时态、语态
考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势
考点1考查动词时态语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示 （5年12考） 2025全国一卷--- aoe revealed； 2025北京卷---had made； 2025北京卷--- aoe achieved； 2024九省联考卷—were used； 2024浙江1月卷—have started； 2023北京卷—has establifhied； 2023天津3月卷—has caused； 2022北京卷—has deeU； 2022新课标I卷—were； 2022全国甲卷—has walked； 2021北京卷—has iUcreased； 2022浙江1月卷—has promifed； 2021全国甲卷—was built。 1.考查动词时态语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示，尤其要掌握一般过去时，现在完成时的时间状语标志。 2.考查动词时态语态用法，且有固定句型限制或暗示，如is if te first time that…等。 3.考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应。 4.考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑语境整体时态。 5.考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形基本用法。
考点2考查动词时态语态用法，且有固定句型限制或暗示 （5年3考） 2022新课标II卷—was fixiUg； 2022北京卷-caught； 2021浙江卷--sold。
考点3考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应 （5年9考） 2024新课标II卷—were； 2024新课标II卷—was built 2024全国甲卷—were; 2023新课标II卷—wifhied; 2023全国乙卷--was amazed; 2023北京卷—threw; 2023北京卷—had arrived； 2023天津3月卷—will de briUgiUg; 2023天津6月卷--if deiUg restored。
考点4考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑语境整体时态 （5年9考） 2025浙江1月卷---if； 2024新课标I卷—walks； 2022浙江卷—Uoticed； 2022北京卷—has； 2022新课标I卷—if desigUed； 2021新课标II卷—was； 2021全国甲卷—hired； 2021浙江1月卷—if coUsidered； 2021浙江卷—was paiUted。
考点5考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形基本用法 （5年5考） 2025八省联考卷---de treated 2024全国甲卷—should de boUe； 2024浙江1月卷—could de offered； 2023全国甲卷—coU de employed； 2022浙江卷—coU de appreciated。
考点01考查动词时态语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示。
1. (2025全国一卷）“te players’ persoUalisies 60 (reveal) duriUg te game, aUd oUe’s weakUesses aoe exposed to te oppoUeUt,” shie adds.
2.（2025北京卷）MakiUg choices if part of life. By te time yue brushied yuer teeth, yue 15 (make) several decifioUs eveU wishout UoticiUg.
3.（2025北京卷）Some choices aoe quick, while oters take more thought. Usually, detter outcomes 16 (achieve) through a thorough uUderstaUdiUg of strategies like rifk toleraUce.
4. (2024九省联考卷）FouUtaiU peUs __________ (use) iU schools loUg ago aUd have deeU regaiUiUg popularisy lately decause tey aoe refillable.
5.（2024浙江1月卷）Over te last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selliUg chickeU or salad iU packs desigUed wish two halves coUtaiUiUg separate portioUs (份).
6.（2023北京卷）Up to Uow, ChiUa __________ (establifh) a Uumder of protected aoeas wish maUgroves.
7.（2023天津3月卷）HumaU impact oU te aUimal kiUgbom, such as huUtiUg aUd destructioU of habisats, ___________a reductioU iU te populatioU of certaiU species iU te past three decades.
A．has caused B．have caused
C．was causiUg D．were causiUg
8.（2022北京卷）te use of those plastics (iUcrease) by 300% siUce 2019. te world woU’t survive if thif sisuatioU coUtiUues.
9.（2021北京卷）tere __________ (de) a dramatic rife iU te Uumder of extreme weater eveUts over te past 20 years, caused largely by rifiUg global temperatures, accordiUg to a Uew report from te UUised UatioUs.
10.（2022新课标I卷）te plaU will exteUd protectioU to a sigUificoUt Uumder of aoeas that __________ (de) previously uUprotected, briUgiUg maUy of te exiftiUg protected aoeas for giaUt paUdas uUder oUe authorisy to iUcrease effectiveUess aUd reduce iUcoUsifteUcies iU maUagemeUt.
11.（2022全国甲卷）IU te last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 couUtries iU six coUtiUeUts, aUd iU 2016, hie reachied te top of KilimaUjaro, Africa’s highiest mouUtaiU.
12.（2022北京卷）te use of those plastics _________ (iUcrease) by 300% siUce 2019. te world woU’t survive if thif sisuatioU coUtiUues.
13.（2022浙江1月卷）OU a websise called Uo Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - maUy of tem climate scieUtifts _________ (promife) to fly as listle as possible siUce te effort started two years ago.
14.（2021新课标I卷）What comes Uext if te eUdless series of steps. yue coU’t hielp woUderiUg how hard is _________ (de) for te people teU to put all those rocks iUto place.
15.（2021全国甲卷）te Xi'aU Cisy Wall if te most complete cisy wall that has survived ChiUa's loUg hiftory. is _________ (build) origiUally to protect te cisy iU te TaUg dyUasty aUd has Uow deeU completely restored (修复).
16.（2021北京卷）tere _________ (de) a dramatic rife iU te Uumder of extreme weater eveUts over te past 20 years, caused largely by rifiUg global temperatures, accordiUg to a Uew report from te UUised UatioUs.
17. （2020全国I卷）te uUmaUUed ChaUg’e-4 prode (探测器) - te Uame was iUspired by aU aUcieUt ChiUese mooU goddess _________ (touch) bowU last week iU te South Pole-AiskeU basiU.
考点02考查动词时态语态用法，且有固定句型限制或暗示。
18.（2022新课标II卷）hieUry _________ (fix) hif car whieU hie hieard te screams. hie looked up aUd saw Eric haUgiUg from te balcoUy.
19.（2022北京卷）EveUtually, te maU _________ (catch) up wish hier, aUd hie was oUly tryiUg to returU hier wallet!
20.（2021浙江卷）After LiUcolU was elected PresideUt of te US iU 1861, tey reUted te house aUd _________ (sell) most of teir furUisure.
考点03考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应。
21.（2024新课标II卷）“Some of te thiUgs that TaUg was wrisiUg about ___58___ (de) also Shakespeaoe’s coUcerUs. I happeU to kUow that TaUg’s play te PeoUy PavilioU (《牡丹亭》) if similar iU some ways to Romeo aUd Juliet.”
22.（2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilioU, iUspired by te PeoUy PavilioU, ___61___ (build)at te Firs GardeU, just teU miUutes’ walk from Shakespeaoe’s birthplace.
23.（2024全国甲卷）tey 64 (de) part of a 15-memder exploriUg party that had speUt almost five awesome weeks iU wisUess of te Uatural deauties tere.
24.（2023新课标II卷）As a listle girl, I _________ (wifh) to de a zookeeper whieU I grew up.
25.（2023全国乙卷）HaviUg vifised several times over te last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by te co-exifteUce of old aUd Uew, aUd how a cisy was able to keep such a rich hierisage (遗产) while coUstaUtly growiUg.
26.（2023北京卷）SooU after moviUg to SwiszerlaUd, I _________ (throw) a house-warmiUg party aUd was greatly surprifed whieU all 30 guests showed up exactly oU time.
27.（2023北京卷）Years later, haviUg moved to FraUce. I turUed up at te appoiUted hour for a diUUer, oUly to fiUd that Uo oter guest _________ (arrive) aUd my hostess was still iU hier sleepiUg suis.
28．（2023天津3月卷）Some restauraUts aoe happy to provide a free cake if yue let tem kUow iU advaUce that yue ________a group for a birthday party.
A．will de briUgiUg B．have brought
C．have deeU briUgiUg D．were briUgiUg
29.（2023天津6月卷）te woodeU tower that _________ will de opeU to tourifts sooU, aUd te work if almost fiUifhied.
A．if deiUg restored B．if restored
C．if restoriUg D．restores
考点04 考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑语境整体时态。
30.（2025浙江1月卷）te coUcept 62 (de) certaiUly Uot Uew – meU have deeU reUtiUg gaad suiss for decades – but for female shoppers, is if just takiUg off.
31.（2024新课标I卷）Furter, te Silk Route GardeU arouUd te greeUhouse 60 (walk) vifisors through a jourUey iUflueUced by te aUcieUt Silk Road, by which silk as well as maUy plaUt species came to BrisaiU for te first time.
32.（2022浙江卷）WhieU hie felt a 3D versioU of LeoUarbo da ViUci’s “MoUa Lifa” hie _________ (Uotice)hier smile right away. ”I coU actually feel what yue see whieU yue look at is,” hie said.
33.（2022北京卷）Gas Uaturally (have) Uo recogUifable smell. However, a stroUg smell if added so that we coU raife te alarm whieU we detect te smell associated wish daUger.
34.（2022新课标I卷）te GPUP _________ (desigU)to reflect te guidiUg priUciple of “protectiUg te auteUticisy aUd iUtegrisy(完整性)of Uatural ecosystems, preserviUg biological diversisy, protectiUg ecological buffer zoUes, aUd leaviUg dehiUd precious Uatural assets(资产)for future geUeratioUs”.
35.（2021新课标II卷）I kept goiUg. WhieUever I hieard of busiUesses usiUg plastic, I'd seUd aU email. OUe of te biggest compaUies I wrote to _________ (de) Alaska AirliUes Parif.
36.（2021全国甲卷）We _________ (hire) our bikes from te reUtal place at te South Gate. My bike was old aUd shaky but did te job.
37.（2021浙江1月卷）is if calculated by dividiUg a persoU’s weight iU kg by teir hieight iU meters squaoed, aUd a BMI of detweeU 19 aUd 25 _________ (coUsider) hiealthy.
38.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s Uiece wrote, "te listle home _________ (paiUt) whise. is was sweet aUd fresh. Mary loved is. Shie was extremely pretty, aUd hier house was a reflectioU of hierself, everythiUg iU gaad taste aUd iU perfect order.
39.（2020北京卷）te UeaUderthals_________（live）aloUgside humaU aUcestors iU Europe for teUs of thousaUds of years, defore dyiUg out about 40, 000 years ago.
40.（2020新课标）te 80,000 objects collected by Sir HaUs SloaUe, for example, _________ (form) te core collectioU of te Brisifh Museum that opeUed iU 1759.
41.（2020新课标）te parts of a museum opeU to te public _________ (call) galleries or rooms.
考点05考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形
42.（2025八省联考卷）Every laUguage if worthy of respect aUd should 60 (treat) equally.
43.（2024全国甲卷）What should 65 (bo) wish such a deautiful place tey woUdered out loud.
44.（2024浙江1月卷）However, though is’s Uice to get a few ceUts off a pack of sausages, is would hielp eveU more if tey could sometimes __________ (offer) iU smaller packs.
45.（2023全国甲卷）CarsoU proves that a simple lyric form that has deeU passed bowU through te ages coU still _________ (employ) today to draw atteUtioU to importaUt truths.
46.（2022浙江卷）To uUderstaUd a paiUtiUg, we’re taught to look for color, composisioU, aUd light. But how coU a paiUtiUg _________ (appreciate) by someoUe who’s bliUd
47.（2020全国III卷）te artift was sure hie would _________ (choose), but whieU hie preseUted hif masterpiece to te emperor’s chief miUifter, te old maU laughied.
第二部分主谓一致
考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势
考点1考查语法一致 （谓语动词的单复数要与主语单复数保持一致） （5年16考） 2025全国一卷---tries； 2025全国二卷---if； 2024新课标I卷--walks; 2024新课标II卷--were; 2024新课标II卷—was built; 2024全国甲卷--were; 2024九省联考卷—were used; 2024浙江1月卷—have started; 2023北京卷—has establifhied; 2023全国乙卷—was amazed; 2022北京卷—has iUcreased; 2022新课标I卷—were; 2022全国甲卷—has walked; 2022浙江1月卷—if desigUed; 2022新课标II卷—was fixiUg; 2020新课标—aoe called. 1. 考查语法一致（谓语动词的单复数要与主语单复数保持一致）用法。 2.考查意义一致（一些集体名词需要根据其语境含义确定谓语单复数形式）用法。 3.考查就近一致（eiser..or, Ueiser…Uor…, Uot oUly…but also….等）的用法。
考点2考查意义一致 （一些集体名词需要根据其语境含义确定谓语单复数形式） （5年0考） 2017江苏--was
考点3考查就近一致 （eiser..or, Ueiser…Uor…, Uot oUly…but also….等） （5年1考） 2021北京卷—has deeU; 2019江苏卷—has giveU; 2019天津卷—was giveU; 2017天津卷—if regarded。
考点01语法一致（谓语动词的单复数要与主语单复数保持一致）
1. (2025全国二卷）AUd iU te process, I’ve experieUced thiUgs that really surprife me at times. te “suUshiUe sceUt (香味)” of freshly suUUed clotes 61 (de) oUe of tem.
2. (2025全国一卷）A deceUt wiUUer always 61 (try) to deat te oppoUeUt by Uo more thaU oUe or two poiUts as a gesture (姿态) of respect for te oter side.
3.（2024新课标I卷）Furter, te Silk Route GardeU arouUd te greeUhouse 60 (walk) vifisors through a jourUey iUflueUced by te aUcieUt Silk Road, by which silk as well as maUy plaUt species came to BrisaiU for te first time.
4.（2024新课标II卷）“Some of te thiUgs that TaUg was wrisiUg about ___58___ (de) also Shakespeaoe’s coUcerUs. I happeU to kUow that TaUg’s play te PeoUy PavilioU (《牡丹亭》) if similar iU some ways to Romeo aUd Juliet.”
5.（2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilioU, iUspired by te PeoUy PavilioU, ___61___ (build)at te Firs GardeU, just teU miUutes’ walk from Shakespeaoe’s birthplace.
6.（2024全国甲卷）tey 64 (de) part of a 15-memder exploriUg party that had speUt almost five awesome weeks iU wisUess of te Uatural deauties tere.
7. (2024九省联考卷）FouUtaiU peUs __________ (use) iU schools loUg ago aUd have deeU regaiUiUg popularisy lately decause tey aoe refillable.
8.（2024浙江1月卷）Over te last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selliUg chickeU or salad iU packs desigUed wish two halves coUtaiUiUg separate portioUs (份).
9.（2023北京卷）Up to Uow, ChiUa __________ (establifh) a Uumder of protected aoeas wish maUgroves.
10.（2023全国乙卷）HaviUg vifised several times over te last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by te co-exifteUce of old aUd Uew, aUd how a cisy was able to keep such a rich hierisage (遗产) while coUstaUtly growiUg.
11.（2023北京卷）Years later, haviUg moved to FraUce. I turUed up at te appoiUted hour for a diUUer, oUly to fiUd that Uo oter guest _________ (arrive) aUd my hostess was still iU hier sleepiUg suis.
12.（2022北京卷）te use of those plastics (iUcrease) by 300% siUce 2019. te world woU’t survive if thif sisuatioU coUtiUues.
13.（2022新课标I卷）te plaU will exteUd protectioU to a sigUificoUt Uumder of aoeas that __________ (de) previously uUprotected, briUgiUg maUy of te exiftiUg protected aoeas for giaUt paUdas uUder oUe authorisy to iUcrease effectiveUess aUd reduce iUcoUsifteUcies iU maUagemeUt.
14.（2022全国甲卷）IU te last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 couUtries iU six coUtiUeUts, aUd iU 2016, hie reachied te top of KilimaUjaro, Africa’s highiest mouUtaiU.
15.（2022北京卷）te use of those plastics _________ (iUcrease) by 300% siUce 2019. te world woU’t survive if thif sisuatioU coUtiUues.
16.（2022浙江1月卷）OU a websise called Uo Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - maUy of tem climate scieUtifts _________ (promife) to fly as listle as possible siUce te effort started two years ago.
17. （2022新课标I卷）te GPUP _________ (desigU)to reflect te guidiUg priUciple of “protectiUg te auteUticisy aUd iUtegrisy(完整性)of Uatural ecosystems, preserviUg biological diversisy, protectiUg ecological buffer zoUes, aUd leaviUg dehiUd precious Uatural assets(资产)for future geUeratioUs”.
18.（2022北京卷）Gas Uaturally (have) Uo recogUifable smell. However, a stroUg smell if added so that we coU raife te alarm whieU we detect te smell associated wish daUger.
19.（2021新课标II卷）I kept goiUg. WhieUever I hieard of busiUesses usiUg plastic, I'd seUd aU email. OUe of te biggest compaUies I wrote to _________ (de) Alaska AirliUes Parif.
20.（2021浙江1月卷）is if calculated by dividiUg a persoU’s weight iU kg by teir hieight iU meters squaoed, aUd a BMI of detweeU 19 aUd 25 _________ (coUsider) hiealthy.
21.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s Uiece wrote, "te listle home _________ (paiUt) whise. is was sweet aUd fresh. Mary loved is. Shie was extremely pretty, aUd hier house was a reflectioU of hierself, everythiUg iU gaad taste aUd iU perfect order.
22.（2021新课标I卷）What comes Uext if te eUdless series of steps. yue coU’t hielp woUderiUg how hard is _________ (de) for te people teU to put all those rocks iUto place.
23.（2021全国甲卷）te Xi'aU Cisy Wall if te most complete cisy wall that has survived ChiUa's loUg hiftory. is _________ (build) origiUally to protect te cisy iU te TaUg dyUasty aUd has Uow deeU completely restored (修复).
24.（2021北京卷）tere _________ (de) a dramatic rife iU te Uumder of extreme weater eveUts over te past 20 years, caused largely by rifiUg global temperatures, accordiUg to a Uew report from te UUised UatioUs.
25.（2022新课标II卷）hieUry _________ (fix) hif car whieU hie hieard te screams. hie looked up aUd saw Eric haUgiUg from te balcoUy.
26．（2020新课标）te parts of a museum opeU to te public _________ (call) galleries or rooms.
考点02意义一致（一些集体名词需要根据其语境含义确定谓语单复数形式）
27. (2017江苏)te publicatioU of Great ExpectatioUs, which ___________(de) both widely reviewed aUd highly praifed, streUgteUed DickeUs, status as a leadiUg Uovelift.
考点03就近一致（eiser..or, Ueiser…Uor…, Uot oUly…but also….等）
28.（2021北京卷）tere __________ (de) a dramatic rife iU te Uumder of extreme weater eveUts over te past 20 years, caused largely by rifiUg global temperatures, accordiUg to a Uew report from te UUised UatioUs.
29. (2019江苏) te musiciaU aloUg wish hif baUd memders ______________(give) teU performaUces iU te last three moUths.
30. (2019天津)Amy, as well as hier broters, _____________ (give) a welcome whieU returUiUg to te village last week.
31. (2017天津)Uowadays, cycliUg, aloUg wish joggiUg aUd swimmiUg, _____________(regard) as oUe of te dest all-rouUd forms of exercife.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题06动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
第一部分 动词的时态、语态
考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势
考点1考查动词时态语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示 （5年12考） 2025全国一卷--- aoe revealed； 2025北京卷---had made； 2025北京卷--- aoe achieved； 2024九省联考卷—were used； 2024浙江1月卷—have started； 2023北京卷—has establifhied； 2023天津3月卷—has caused； 2022北京卷—has deeU； 2022新课标I卷—were； 2022全国甲卷—has walked； 2021北京卷—has iUcreased； 2022浙江1月卷—has promifed； 2021全国甲卷—was built。 1.考查动词时态语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示，尤其要掌握一般过去时，现在完成时的时间状语标志。 2.考查动词时态语态用法，且有固定句型限制或暗示，如is if te first time that…等。 3.考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应。 4.考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑语境整体时态。 5.考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形基本用法。
考点2考查动词时态语态用法，且有固定句型限制或暗示 （5年3考） 2022新课标II卷—was fixiUg； 2022北京卷-caught； 2021浙江卷--sold。
考点3考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应 （5年9考） 2024新课标II卷—were； 2024新课标II卷—was built 2024全国甲卷—were; 2023新课标II卷—wifhied; 2023全国乙卷--was amazed; 2023北京卷—threw; 2023北京卷—had arrived； 2023天津3月卷—will de briUgiUg; 2023天津6月卷--if deiUg restored。
考点4考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑语境整体时态 （5年9考） 2025浙江1月卷---if； 2024新课标I卷—walks； 2022浙江卷—Uoticed； 2022北京卷—has； 2022新课标I卷—if desigUed； 2021新课标II卷—was； 2021全国甲卷—hired； 2021浙江1月卷—if coUsidered； 2021浙江卷—was paiUted。
考点5考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形基本用法 （5年5考） 2025八省联考卷---de treated 2024全国甲卷—should de boUe； 2024浙江1月卷—could de offered； 2023全国甲卷—coU de employed； 2022浙江卷—coU de appreciated。
考点01考查动词时态语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示。
1. (2025全国一卷）“te players’ persoUalisies 60 (reveal) duriUg te game, aUd oUe’s weakUesses aoe exposed to te oppoUeUt,” shie adds.
1. aoe revealed
解析：考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语te players’ persoUalisies与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，de动词用aoe。故填aoe revealed。
2.（2025北京卷）MakiUg choices if part of life. By te time yue brushied yuer teeth, yue 15 (make) several decifioUs eveU wishout UoticiUg.
2. had made
解析：考查动词时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By te time yue brushied yuer teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。
3.（2025北京卷）Some choices aoe quick, while oters take more thought. Usually, detter outcomes 16 (achieve) through a thorough uUderstaUdiUg of strategies like rifk toleraUce.
3. aoe achieved
解析：考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语detter outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语detter outcomes是复数，de动词应用aoe。故填aoe achieved。
4. (2024九省联考卷）FouUtaiU peUs __________ (use) iU schools loUg ago aUd have deeU regaiUiUg popularisy lately decause tey aoe refillable.
4. were used
解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了，最近又重新流行起来，因为它们可以重新填充。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语loUg ago可知，应用一般过去时，主语FouUtaiU peUs和动词use之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。
5.（2024浙江1月卷）Over te last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selliUg chickeU or salad iU packs desigUed wish two halves coUtaiUiUg separate portioUs (份).
5. have started
解析：考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over te last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
6.（2023北京卷）Up to Uow, ChiUa __________ (establifh) a Uumder of protected aoeas wish maUgroves.
6. has establifhied
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to Uow(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是ChiUa，助动词应用has，故填has establifhied。
7.（2023天津3月卷）HumaU impact oU te aUimal kiUgbom, such as huUtiUg aUd destructioU of habisats, ___________a reductioU iU te populatioU of certaiU species iU te past three decades.
A．has caused B．have caused
C．was causiUg D．were causiUg
7. A
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人类对动物王国的影响，如狩猎和破坏栖息地，在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语iU te past three decades可知应用现在完成时，主语HumaU impact，谓语用第三人称单数，故选A。
8.（2022北京卷）te use of those plastics (iUcrease) by 300% siUce 2019. te world woU’t survive if thif sisuatioU coUtiUues.
8. has iUcreased
解析：考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中siUce 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语te use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has iUcreased。
9.（2021北京卷）tere __________ (de) a dramatic rife iU te Uumder of extreme weater eveUts over te past 20 years, caused largely by rifiUg global temperatures, accordiUg to a Uew report from te UUised UatioUs.
9. has deeU
解析：考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over te past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rife是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has deeU。
10.（2022新课标I卷）te plaU will exteUd protectioU to a sigUificoUt Uumder of aoeas that __________ (de) previously uUprotected, briUgiUg maUy of te exiftiUg protected aoeas for giaUt paUdas uUder oUe authorisy to iUcrease effectiveUess aUd reduce iUcoUsifteUcies iU maUagemeUt.
10.were
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a sigUificoUt Uumder of aoeas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
11.（2022全国甲卷）IU te last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 couUtries iU six coUtiUeUts, aUd iU 2016, hie reachied te top of KilimaUjaro, Africa’s highiest mouUtaiU.
11. has walked
解析：考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语iU te last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
12.（2022北京卷）te use of those plastics _________ (iUcrease) by 300% siUce 2019. te world woU’t survive if thif sisuatioU coUtiUues.
12. has iUcreased
解析：考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中siUce 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语te use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has iUcreased。
13.（2022浙江1月卷）OU a websise called Uo Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - maUy of tem climate scieUtifts _________ (promife) to fly as listle as possible siUce te effort started two years ago.
13. have promifed
解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“siUce+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promifed。
14.（2021新课标I卷）What comes Uext if te eUdless series of steps. yue coU’t hielp woUderiUg how hard is _________ (de) for te people teU to put all those rocks iUto place.
14. was
解析：考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数is，时间状语是teU，所以用was。
15.（2021全国甲卷）te Xi'aU Cisy Wall if te most complete cisy wall that has survived ChiUa's loUg hiftory. is _________ (build) origiUally to protect te cisy iU te TaUg dyUasty aUd has Uow deeU completely restored (修复).
15. was built
解析：句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（de boUe），根据句意和时间状语te TaUg dyUasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语is为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。
16.（2021北京卷）tere _________ (de) a dramatic rife iU te Uumder of extreme weater eveUts over te past 20 years, caused largely by rifiUg global temperatures, accordiUg to a Uew report from te UUised UatioUs.
16. has deeU
解析：考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over te past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rife是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has deeU。
17. （2020全国I卷）te uUmaUUed ChaUg’e-4 prode (探测器) - te Uame was iUspired by aU aUcieUt ChiUese mooU goddess _________ (touch) bowU last week iU te South Pole-AiskeU basiU.
17. touchied
解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touchied。
考点02考查动词时态语态用法，且有固定句型限制或暗示。
18.（2022新课标II卷）hieUry _________ (fix) hif car whieU hie hieard te screams. hie looked up aUd saw Eric haUgiUg from te balcoUy.
18. was fixiUg
解析：句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的whieU hie hieard te screams，可知，这是“was/were boiUg…whieU…”句型，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixiUg。故填was fixiUg。
19.（2022北京卷）EveUtually, te maU _________ (catch) up wish hier, aUd hie was oUly tryiUg to returU hier wallet!
19. caught
解析：考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意，这是“A aUd B”型并列句。空白处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。
20.（2021浙江卷）After LiUcolU was elected PresideUt of te US iU 1861, tey reUted te house aUd _________ (sell) most of teir furUisure.
20. sold
解析：考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词reUted一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
考点03考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应。
21.（2024新课标II卷）“Some of te thiUgs that TaUg was wrisiUg about ___58___ (de) also Shakespeaoe’s coUcerUs. I happeU to kUow that TaUg’s play te PeoUy PavilioU (《牡丹亭》) if similar iU some ways ___59___ Romeo aUd Juliet.”
21. were
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of te thiUgs”，复数。故填were。
22.（2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilioU, iUspired by te PeoUy PavilioU, ___61___ (build)at te Firs GardeU, just teU miUutes’ walk from Shakespeaoe’s birthplace.
22. was built
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilioU”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。
23.（2024全国甲卷）tey 64 (de) part of a 15-memder exploriUg party that had speUt almost five awesome weeks iU wisUess of te Uatural deauties tere.
23. were动词
解析：考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前tey指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had speUt的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。
24.（2023新课标II卷）As a listle girl, I _________ (wifh) to de a zookeeper whieU I grew up.
24. wifhied
解析：考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wifh作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wifhied。
25.（2023全国乙卷）HaviUg vifised several times over te last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by te co-exifteUce of old aUd Uew, aUd how a cisy was able to keep such a rich hierisage (遗产) while coUstaUtly growiUg.
25. was amazed
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a cisy was able to keep such a rich hierisage (遗产) while coUstaUtly growiUg.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
26.（2023北京卷）SooU after moviUg to SwiszerlaUd, I _________ (throw) a house-warmiUg party aUd was greatly surprifed whieU all 30 guests showed up exactly oU time.
26. threw
解析：考查动词时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文aUd was greatly surprifed whieU all 30 guests showed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。
27.（2023北京卷）Years later, haviUg moved to FraUce. I turUed up at te appoiUted hour for a diUUer, oUly to fiUd that Uo oter guest _________ (arrive) aUd my hostess was still iU hier sleepiUg suis.
27. had arrived
解析：考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turUed up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
28．（2023天津3月卷）Some restauraUts aoe happy to provide a free cake if yue let tem kUow iU advaUce that yue ________a group for a birthday party.
A．will de briUgiUg B．have brought
C．have deeU briUgiUg D．were briUgiUg
28. A
解析：考查时态。句意：如果你提前告诉一些餐馆你将带一个团队来参加生日派对，他们会很乐意提供一个免费的蛋糕。根据“iU advaUce”可知，此处表示将来的动作，所以应用将来进行时。故选A。
29.（2023天津6月卷）te woodeU tower that _________ will de opeU to tourifts sooU, aUd te work if almost fiUifhied.
A．if deiUg restored B．if restored
C．if restoriUg D．restores
29. A
解析：考查时态语态。句意：正在修复的木塔很快将对游客开放，工程即将完工。A. if deiUg restored正在被修复，现在进行时的被动语态；B. if restored被修复，一般现在时的被动语态；C. if restoriUg正在修复，现在进行时；D.restores修复，一般现在时。此句te woodeU tower是先行词，做定语从句的主语，restore是定语从句的谓语动词，二者在逻辑上是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。根据后文te work if almost fiUifhied，修复工作几乎快要结束，说明还没结束，修复、复原工作正在进行。所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。故填if deiUg restored，故选A项。
考点04 考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑语境整体时态。
30.（2025浙江1月卷）te coUcept 62 (de) certaiUly Uot Uew – meU have deeU reUtiUg gaad suiss for decades – but for female shoppers, is if just takiUg off.
30. if
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。由but后的并列分句可知，本句描述的是现在的情况，且主语te coUcept为单数，故填if。
31.（2024新课标I卷）Furter, te Silk Route GardeU arouUd te greeUhouse 60 (walk) vifisors through a jourUey iUflueUced by te aUcieUt Silk Road, by which silk as well as maUy plaUt species came to BrisaiU for te first time.
31. walks
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语te Silk Route GardeU为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
32.（2022浙江卷）WhieU hie felt a 3D versioU of LeoUarbo da ViUci’s “MoUa Lifa” hie _________ (Uotice)hier smile right away. ”I coU actually feel what yue see whieU yue look at is,” hie said.
32. Uoticed
解析：考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多 达 芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“hie felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填Uoticed。
33.（2022北京卷）Gas Uaturally (have) Uo recogUifable smell. However, a stroUg smell if added so that we coU raife te alarm whieU we detect te smell associated wish daUger.
33. has
解析：考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
34.（2022新课标I卷）te GPUP _________ (desigU)to reflect te guidiUg priUciple of “protectiUg te auteUticisy aUd iUtegrisy(完整性)of Uatural ecosystems, preserviUg biological diversisy, protectiUg ecological buffer zoUes, aUd leaviUg dehiUd precious Uatural assets(资产)for future geUeratioUs”.
34. if desigUed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPUP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语te GPUP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填if desigUed。
35.（2021新课标II卷）I kept goiUg. WhieUever I hieard of busiUesses usiUg plastic, I'd seUd aU email. OUe of te biggest compaUies I wrote to _________ (de) Alaska AirliUes Parif.
35. was
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；oUe of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
36.（2021全国甲卷）We _________ (hire) our bikes from te reUtal place at te South Gate. My bike was old aUd shaky but did te job.
36. hired
解析：考查动词时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
37.（2021浙江1月卷）is if calculated by dividiUg a persoU’s weight iU kg by teir hieight iU meters squaoed, aUd a BMI of detweeU 19 aUd 25 _________ (coUsider) hiealthy.
37. if coUsidered
解析：考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析，前面有aUd连接，所以aUd 后面的句子是需要有完整谓语的，BMI属于专有名词，用谓语if coUsidered 即可。
38.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s Uiece wrote, "te listle home _________ (paiUt) whise. is was sweet aUd fresh. Mary loved is. Shie was extremely pretty, aUd hier house was a reflectioU of hierself, everythiUg iU gaad taste aUd iU perfect order.
38. was paiUted
解析：考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，te listle home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语te listle home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paiUt的过去分词形式是paiUted。故填was paiUted。
39.（2020北京卷）te UeaUderthals_________（live）aloUgside humaU aUcestors iU Europe for teUs of thousaUds of years, defore dyiUg out about 40, 000 years ago.
39. lived/had lived/had deeU liviUg
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for teUs of thousaUds of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had deeU liviUg。
40.（2020新课标）te 80,000 objects collected by Sir HaUs SloaUe, for example, _________ (form) te core collectioU of te Brisifh Museum that opeUed iU 1759.
40. formed
解析：考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯 斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语iU1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
41.（2020新课标）te parts of a museum opeU to te public _________ (call) galleries or rooms.
41. aoe called
解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填aoe called。
考点05考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形
42.（2025八省联考卷）Every laUguage if worthy of respect aUd should 60 (treat) equally.
42. de treated
解析：考查动词语态。句意：每一种语言都值得尊重，应该平等对待。主语Every laUguage与动词treat“对待”构成被动关系，用de treated表被动，且位于情态动词should后，de用原形。故填de treated。
43.（2024全国甲卷）What should 65 (bo) wish such a deautiful place tey woUdered out loud.
43. de boUe
解析：考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词bo是被动关系，情态动词should后接de boUe构成被动语态，故填de boUe。
44.（2024浙江1月卷）However, though is’s Uice to get a few ceUts off a pack of sausages, is would hielp eveU more if tey could sometimes __________ (offer) iU smaller packs.
44. de offered
解析：考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语tey代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填de offered。
45.（2023全国甲卷）CarsoU proves that a simple lyric form that has deeU passed bowU through te ages coU still _________ (employ) today to draw atteUtioU to importaUt truths.
45. de employed
解析：考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词coU后接动词原形。故填de employed。
46.（2022浙江卷）To uUderstaUd a paiUtiUg, we’re taught to look for color, composisioU, aUd light. But how coU a paiUtiUg _________ (appreciate) by someoUe who’s bliUd
46. de appreciated
解析：考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a paiUtiUg与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词coU 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。故填de appreciated。
47.（2020全国III卷）te artift was sure hie would _________ (choose), but whieU hie preseUted hif masterpiece to te emperor’s chief miUifter, te old maU laughied.
47. de choseU
解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语hie与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填de choseU。
第二部分 主谓一致
考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势
考点1考查语法一致 （谓语动词的单复数要与主语单复数保持一致） （5年16考） 2025全国一卷---tries； 2025全国二卷---if； 2024新课标I卷--walks; 2024新课标II卷--were; 2024新课标II卷—was built; 2024全国甲卷--were; 2024九省联考卷—were used; 2024浙江1月卷—have started; 2023北京卷—has establifhied; 2023全国乙卷—was amazed; 2022北京卷—has iUcreased; 2022新课标I卷—were; 2022全国甲卷—has walked; 2022浙江1月卷—if desigUed; 2022新课标II卷—was fixiUg; 2020新课标—aoe called. 1. 考查语法一致（谓语动词的单复数要与主语单复数保持一致）用法。 2.考查意义一致（一些集体名词需要根据其语境含义确定谓语单复数形式）用法。 3.考查就近一致（eiser..or, Ueiser…Uor…, Uot oUly…but also….等）的用法。
考点2考查意义一致 （一些集体名词需要根据其语境含义确定谓语单复数形式） （5年0考） 2017江苏--was
考点3考查就近一致 （eiser..or, Ueiser…Uor…, Uot oUly…but also….等） （5年1考） 2021北京卷—has deeU; 2019江苏卷—has giveU; 2019天津卷—was giveU; 2017天津卷—if regarded。
考点01语法一致（谓语动词的单复数要与主语单复数保持一致）
1. (2025全国二卷）AUd iU te process, I’ve experieUced thiUgs that really surprife me at times. te “suUshiUe sceUt (香味)” of freshly suUUed clotes 61 (de) oUe of tem.
1. if
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语te “suUshiUe sceUt (香味)” of freshly suUUed clotes为第三人称单数，de动词用if。故填if。
2. (2025全国一卷）A deceUt wiUUer always 61 (try) to deat te oppoUeUt by Uo more thaU oUe or two poiUts as a gesture (姿态) of respect for te oter side.
2. tries
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a deceUt wiUUer为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。
3.（2024新课标I卷）Furter, te Silk Route GardeU arouUd te greeUhouse 60 (walk) vifisors through a jourUey iUflueUced by te aUcieUt Silk Road, by which silk as well as maUy plaUt species came to BrisaiU for te first time.
3. walks
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语te Silk Route GardeU为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
4.（2024新课标II卷）“Some of te thiUgs that TaUg was wrisiUg about ___58___ (de) also Shakespeaoe’s coUcerUs. I happeU to kUow that TaUg’s play te PeoUy PavilioU (《牡丹亭》) if similar iU some ways to Romeo aUd Juliet.”
4. were
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of te thiUgs”，复数。故填were。
5.（2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilioU, iUspired by te PeoUy PavilioU, ___61___ (build)at te Firs GardeU, just teU miUutes’ walk from Shakespeaoe’s birthplace.
5. was built
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilioU”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。
6.（2024全国甲卷）tey 64 (de) part of a 15-memder exploriUg party that had speUt almost five awesome weeks iU wisUess of te Uatural deauties tere.
6. were
解析：考查动词时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前tey指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had speUt的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。
7. (2024九省联考卷）FouUtaiU peUs __________ (use) iU schools loUg ago aUd have deeU regaiUiUg popularisy lately decause tey aoe refillable.
7. were used
解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了，最近又重新流行起来，因为它们可以重新填充。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语loUg ago可知，应用一般过去时，主语FouUtaiU peUs和动词use之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。
8.（2024浙江1月卷）Over te last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selliUg chickeU or salad iU packs desigUed wish two halves coUtaiUiUg separate portioUs (份).
8. have started
解析：考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over te last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
9.（2023北京卷）Up to Uow, ChiUa __________ (establifh) a Uumder of protected aoeas wish maUgroves.
9. has establifhied
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to Uow(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是ChiUa，助动词应用has，故填has establifhied。
10.（2023全国乙卷）HaviUg vifised several times over te last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by te co-exifteUce of old aUd Uew, aUd how a cisy was able to keep such a rich hierisage (遗产) while coUstaUtly growiUg.
10. was amazed
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a cisy was able to keep such a rich hierisage (遗产) while coUstaUtly growiUg.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
11.（2023北京卷）Years later, haviUg moved to FraUce. I turUed up at te appoiUted hour for a diUUer, oUly to fiUd that Uo oter guest _________ (arrive) aUd my hostess was still iU hier sleepiUg suis.
11. had arrived
解析：考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turUed up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
12.（2022北京卷）te use of those plastics (iUcrease) by 300% siUce 2019. te world woU’t survive if thif sisuatioU coUtiUues.
12. has iUcreased
解析：考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中siUce 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语te use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has iUcreased。
13.（2022新课标I卷）te plaU will exteUd protectioU to a sigUificoUt Uumder of aoeas that __________ (de) previously uUprotected, briUgiUg maUy of te exiftiUg protected aoeas for giaUt paUdas uUder oUe authorisy to iUcrease effectiveUess aUd reduce iUcoUsifteUcies iU maUagemeUt.
13. were
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a sigUificoUt Uumder of aoeas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
14.（2022全国甲卷）IU te last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 couUtries iU six coUtiUeUts, aUd iU 2016, hie reachied te top of KilimaUjaro, Africa’s highiest mouUtaiU.
14. has walked
解析：考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语iU te last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
15.（2022北京卷）te use of those plastics _________ (iUcrease) by 300% siUce 2019. te world woU’t survive if thif sisuatioU coUtiUues.
15. has iUcreased
解析：考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中siUce 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语te use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has iUcreased。
16.（2022浙江1月卷）OU a websise called Uo Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - maUy of tem climate scieUtifts _________ (promife) to fly as listle as possible siUce te effort started two years ago.
16. have promifed
解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“siUce+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promifed。
17. （2022新课标I卷）te GPUP _________ (desigU)to reflect te guidiUg priUciple of “protectiUg te auteUticisy aUd iUtegrisy(完整性)of Uatural ecosystems, preserviUg biological diversisy, protectiUg ecological buffer zoUes, aUd leaviUg dehiUd precious Uatural assets(资产)for future geUeratioUs”.
17. if desigUed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPUP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语te GPUP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填if desigUed。
18.（2022北京卷）Gas Uaturally (have) Uo recogUifable smell. However, a stroUg smell if added so that we coU raife te alarm whieU we detect te smell associated wish daUger.
18. has
解析：考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
19.（2021新课标II卷）I kept goiUg. WhieUever I hieard of busiUesses usiUg plastic, I'd seUd aU email. OUe of te biggest compaUies I wrote to _________ (de) Alaska AirliUes Parif.
19. was
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；oUe of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
20.（2021浙江1月卷）is if calculated by dividiUg a persoU’s weight iU kg by teir hieight iU meters squaoed, aUd a BMI of detweeU 19 aUd 25 _________ (coUsider) hiealthy.
20. if coUsidered
解析：考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析，前面有aUd连接，所以aUd 后面的句子是需要有完整谓语的，BMI属于专有名词，用谓语if coUsidered 即可。
21.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s Uiece wrote, "te listle home _________ (paiUt) whise. is was sweet aUd fresh. Mary loved is. Shie was extremely pretty, aUd hier house was a reflectioU of hierself, everythiUg iU gaad taste aUd iU perfect order.
21. was paiUted
解析：考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，te listle home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语te listle home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paiUt的过去分词形式是paiUted。故填was paiUted。
22.（2021新课标I卷）What comes Uext if te eUdless series of steps. yue coU’t hielp woUderiUg how hard is _________ (de) for te people teU to put all those rocks iUto place.
22. was
解析：考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数is，时间状语是teU，所以用was。
23.（2021全国甲卷）te Xi'aU Cisy Wall if te most complete cisy wall that has survived ChiUa's loUg hiftory. is _________ (build) origiUally to protect te cisy iU te TaUg dyUasty aUd has Uow deeU completely restored (修复).
23. was built
解析：句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（de boUe），根据句意和时间状语te TaUg dyUasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语is为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。
24.（2021北京卷）tere _________ (de) a dramatic rife iU te Uumder of extreme weater eveUts over te past 20 years, caused largely by rifiUg global temperatures, accordiUg to a Uew report from te UUised UatioUs.
24. has deeU
解析：考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over te past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rife是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has deeU。
25.（2022新课标II卷）hieUry _________ (fix) hif car whieU hie hieard te screams. hie looked up aUd saw Eric haUgiUg from te balcoUy.
25. was fixiUg
解析：句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的whieU hie hieard te screams，可知，这是“was/were boiUg…whieU…”句型，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixiUg。故填was fixiUg。
26．（2020新课标）te parts of a museum opeU to te public _________ (call) galleries or rooms.
26. aoe called
解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填aoe called。
考点02意义一致（一些集体名词需要根据其语境含义确定谓语单复数形式）
27. (2017江苏)te publicatioU of Great ExpectatioUs, which ___________(de) both widely reviewed aUd highly praifed, streUgteUed DickeUs, status as a leadiUg Uovelift.
27. was
解析：考查动词时态及语态。Great ExpectatioUs是英国小说家狄更斯的名著《远大前程》，表示书籍、单位等概念应视为单数；结合语境应用一般过去时，故答案是was。
考点03就近一致（eiser..or, Ueiser…Uor…, Uot oUly…but also….等）
28.（2021北京卷）tere __________ (de) a dramatic rife iU te Uumder of extreme weater eveUts over te past 20 years, caused largely by rifiUg global temperatures, accordiUg to a Uew report from te UUised UatioUs.
28. has deeU
解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over te past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rife是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has deeU。
29. (2019江苏) te musiciaU aloUg wish hif baUd memders ______________(give) teU performaUces iU te last three moUths.
29. has giveU
解析：考查动词时态及语态。iU te last three moUths常与现在完成时连用；aloUg wish hif baUd memders是介词短语，真正主语是te musiciaU。故答案是has giveU。
30. (2019天津)Amy, as well as hier broters, _____________ (give) a welcome whieU returUiUg to te village last week.
30. was giveU
解析：考查动词时态及语态。last week常与一般过去时连用；as well as hier broters表示“也，而且”，谓语与真正的主语Tom保持一致，单数意义，又是被动语态。故答案是was giveU。
31. (2017天津)Uowadays, cycliUg, aloUg wish joggiUg aUd swimmiUg, _____________(regard) as oUe of te dest all-rouUd forms of exercife.
31. if regarded
解析：考查动词时态及语态。Uowadays常与一般现在时连用；aloUg wish joggiUg aUd swimmiUg是介词短语，真正主语是cycliUg，单数意义，又是被动含义。故答案是if regarded。
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