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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【预习讲义】Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.【人教九全英语】
【重点短语】
1.take a shower 洗浴 2.leave my backpack at home 把背包忘在家里
3.get back to school 返回学校 4.start teaching开始教学
5.go off 响铃 6.rush out the door 冲出房门
7.give sb a lift捎某人一程 8.miss both events错过两个事件
9.full of unexpected充满着不可预知性 10.be about to do sth.正要做某事
11.stare in disbelief at难以置信地盯着。 12.raise above the burning building从正在燃烧的楼上升起
13.jump out of bed 跳下床 14.collect the math homework收数学作业
15.make the apple pie制作苹果馅饼 plete the work for my boss完成老板的工作
17.show up赶到,出现 18.add the green beans加绿豆荚
【重点句型】
1.By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.当我起床时,我哥哥已经进了浴室了。
2.By the time I got outside,the bus had already gone.当我出来时,公汽已经走了。
3.When I got to school,I realized I had left my backpack at home当我到达学校时,我才意识到我把背包忘在家里了。
4.By the time I walked into class, the teacher had started teaching already.当我走进教室时,老师已经开始讲课了。
5.By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already showed up.当我到达晚会时,其他的每个人都已经到了。
6.When he put the noodles into the bowl, he realized he had forgotten to add the green beans当他把面条放进碗里时,他意识到他忘了添加绿豆荚了。
7.Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he had gone into the building在她得到一个向他告别的机会之前,他已经进入楼房了。
【核心要点解读】
1.By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.当我出来的时候,公共汽车已经走了。
by the time作连词引导时间状语从句,当从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时;当从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时或将来完成时。
如: By the time he was ten, Tom built a chemistry lab himself.等到了十岁的时候,汤姆自己建了一个化学实验室。
I'll be in bed by the time you get home.你到家时,我已经上床睡觉了。
2.When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home.当她到学校时,她意识到她把背包忘在家里了。
表示"把某物忘在某处"要用词组 leave sth. in a place。
如:I've left my umbrella at home.我把伞忘在家里了。
I left my book on the desk.我把书忘在桌子上。
forget 意为"遗忘某物",指忘记一件具体的东西,但不能有具体的地点。
如:I forgot my umbrella yesterday.我昨天忘了带伞。
Don't forget the cases.别忘了带箱子。
3.above adv.在上面
(1)作介词 在...上面 如:The moon is now above the trees.月亮正位于树梢上。
在...之上,超过 如:They are children above six years old.他们是六岁以上的孩子。
高于;优于;胜过 如:In the company, Dick ranks above Tom.在公司里,迪克的地位比汤姆高。
不屑于;不致于 如:He considered himself above doing such things.他自认为是不会去做那种事的。
(2)作副词
在上面;向上面 如:There are snowy peaks above.上面是白雪皑皑的群峰。
(级别、数目等)更高;更大;更多
如:Men and women of eighteen and above are eligible to vote.年龄在十八岁以上的男女有投票表决权.
如:在上文 See the examples given above.见上述例子。
(3)作名词
上文;上述事实 如:除上述外,她还在1980年获奖。
In addition to all of the above, she won a Prize in 1980,
4.alive, living 与live
(1)alive主要用作表语(有时可用作后置定语,但不用作前置定语),可用于人或动物。
如:He must be still alive.他一定还活着。
注:若 alive 本身有修饰语,则也可用作前置定语。
如:He is a really alive student.他的确是一个十分活跃的学生。
(2)living可用作表语或定语,可用于人或物。
如:Are your grandparents still living 你的祖父母还健在吗
alive和 living表示"活着的",两者含义很接近,只要句法适合,有时可互换。
如:谁是当代最伟大的诗人
Who is the greatest living poet
Who is the greatest poet alive
若需严格区分,两者仍有差别:living通常是客观描述某人"尚在人间"或"健在",而 alive 则主要指生与死的"界限"。
如:He was still alive when I reached the hospital.当我赶到医院时他还活着。
(3)live 通常只用作定语(前置),可用于动物或植物,但一般不用于人。
如:He bought some live fish.他买了几条活鱼。
Only a few live trees were left after the fire.火灾之后只剩下几棵树还活着。
5.empty(adj.)空的;空闲的(v.)排空:倒出
(1)作形容词,常用表语或定语,此时其反义词是full。
如:He took his empty coffee cup back to the counter.他把空咖啡杯送回到柜台。
We walked in the empty street.我们走在空旷的街上。
(2)作动词,后常接宾语,此时其反义词是fill。
如:He emptied his tool bag.他腾出自己的工具袋。
She emptied the box.她倒空了箱子。
6.Last Friday night, my friend invited me to his birthday party.上周五晚上,我朋友邀请我参加他的生日晚会。
invite sb.to a place(或一活动、聚会)意为"邀请某人到某一地方或参加某一活动":而invite sb.to do sth.意为"邀请某人做某事"。
如: I think we have many friends now,and we must invite them to our place.我想我们现在有很多朋友了,我们也应该邀请他们到我们家做客。
Kitty's teacher Mr Wu invited me to join their school trip to the World Park.基蒂的老师吴老师邀请我参加了去世界公园的学校郊游活动。
7.Wells made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story and fear spread across the whole Country.威尔斯讲述这个新闻起来如此的真实,以致成百上千的人都相信了这个故事,进而引发了全国性的恐慌。
so...that 在此引导结果状语从句,so 后面应加一个形容词或副词,意为"如此...以至于..."。
如:This book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it.这本书是如此的有趣以至于全班同学都想看看.(so+形容词)
He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.他跑得那么快,以至于我跟不上他。(so+副词)
表示"如此...以至于..."之意时,so...that, too...to do sth.,enough to do sth.这三个句型可互
换使用。
(1)在 so...that 句型中,当主语和从句都是肯定式,且主、从句的主语指的是同一人时,可简化为 enough to do sth.结构。
如: He ran so fast that he caught up with us quickly.=He ran fast enough to catch up with us quickly.他跑得飞快,很快就赶上了我们。
(2)在 so...that句型中,当主句和从句都是肯定式,但主、从句的主语不一致时,可简化成enough for sb.to do sth.结构.
如: The problem is so easy that she can work it out.=The problem is easy enough for her to work out.这道题很容易,她能解答出来。
(3)在 so...that 句型中,当主句和从句的主语一致,但主句是肯定式,从句是否定式时,可简化成 enough to do sth.或 too...to do sth.结构。与 enough to do sth.转换时,形容词或副词应变为与之相反的词,前面的动词为否定式。
如:He is so young that he can't go to school.
=He is too young to go to school
=He is not old enough to go to school.
他还没到上学的年龄。
如果主从句的主语不一致,须在 to do sth.前加 for sb作为不定式的逻辑主语。
The problem is so difficult that we can't work it out.
=The problem is too difficult for us to work out.
=The problem isn''t easy enough for us to work out.
这道题太难了,我们解答不出来。
【重点语法】
过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
两者主要区别是时间的参照点不同:
过去完成时的时间参照点是某个"过去的"时间;现在完成时的时间参照点是"现在"。因此现在完成时中的很多规则,也适用于过去完成时。
例句:When I got to the cinema,the film had been on for five minutes.当我到达电影院时,电影已演了五分钟了。(got 是一个过去的"时间点",电影"开始在我"到达"之前,是"过去的过去"。因为for five minutes 为延续一段的时间状语,应用可延续的系表结构 be on的过去完成时形式。)
注:过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是"过去的过去",只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它,因此当原句中若找不到一个"过去的时间"作为参照点时,是不能用过去完成时的。
例句:He got to the railway station and suddenly realized that he had forgotten to bring his ticket.他到了火车站后忽然意识到他竟忘记带车票了。("忘记"这一动作在"意识到"这一动作之前。)
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