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英语　选择性必修 第一册 RJ
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
一　阅读单词(3个)
写出英语单词
1．tunnel n. 地下通道；地道；隧道
2．wheat n. 小麦；小麦籽
3．fertiliser n. 肥料
二　核心单词(3个)
A．写出英语单词
1．urban adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的
2．bomb n. 炸弹　vt. 轰炸；对……投炸弹
3．flavour n. 味道；特点；特色
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(剑桥高阶)We sell 32 different flavours of ice cream.
2．(柯林斯词典)But a concerted effort has begun to improve the quality of the urban air.
3．(牛津高阶)Guests panicked and screamed when the bomb exploded.
三　拓展单词(3个)
A．写出英语单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend v. 延长；延伸；扩大
2．chemical adj. 与化学有关的；化学的　n. 化学制品；化学品→chemistry n. 化学，化学作用→chemist n. 化学家；药剂师
3．nutrition n. 营养；滋养→nutritional adj. 营养(物)的→nutritious adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing chemicals
2．(朗文当代)Cooking vegetables for too long lessens their nutritional value.
3．(牛津高阶)The extension of the garden will take several weeks.
1 bomb n. 炸弹　vt. 轰炸；对……投炸弹(教材P52)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)Her new novel is going like a bomb.
她的新小说很畅销。
②(朗文当代)My family were bombed out in 1941.
我们全家在1941年被炸得无家可归。
③(牛津高阶)They were bombing down the road at about 80 miles an hour.
他们正以大约一小时80英里的速度沿路飞驰。
【运用】单句语法填空
①The party was really going like a bomb.
②He was bombing along/down on his motorbike.
③Enemy planes dropped over 200 bombs (bomb) during the raid.
【输出】翻译
④我们的祖父母在战争期间有两次被炸弹炸得无家可归。
Our__grandparents__were__bombed__out__twice__during__the__war.
2 extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机(教材P52)
归纳
助记
①(剑桥高阶)The article is an extension of the ideas Professor Fox developed in an earlier book.
这篇文章是福克斯教授在早期著作中提出的观点的延伸。
②(柯林斯词典)The support for the fence is mounted on an extension to the table.
篱笆的支撑部分安装在桌子延长出的地方。
③(朗文当代)My primary responsibility is to the pupils, and by extension to the teachers and parents.
我的主要责任是对学生，进而是对老师和家长。
④(朗文当代)We can extend our insurance cover to travel abroad.
我们可以把保险范围扩大到出国旅行。
【运用】单句语法填空
①The service also extends to wrapping and delivering gifts.
②The round moon is a symbol for completeness, and by extension, family reunion.
③He first entered Britain on a six－month visa, and was given a further extension (extend) of six months.
【输出】翻译
④The bank plans various extensions to its credit facilities.
银行计划多方扩展信贷服务。
⑤对旧学校扩建部分已近完工。
The__extension__to__the__old__school__is__nearly__finished.
[教材原句P53]Now that both of my grandparents have retired from their jobs in the city, how they are going to spend their retirement is an important decision for them. 既然现在，我的祖父母都已经从城市的工作岗位上退休了，他们将如何度过他们的退休生活对他们来说是一个重要的决定。
剖析 now that 引导原因状语从句，表示强调“现在”，用来说明一种新情况，并据此进行推论。
归纳
①(牛津高阶)Now that you mention it, she did seem to be in a strange mood.
既然你说到这事儿，她确实好像情绪不大对。
②(柯林斯词典)He had reason to be pleased with himself, since he was one of only seven out of forty candidates who were successful.
他有理由沾沾自喜，因为他是40个候选人里仅有的7名成功者之一。
③(朗文当代)As it was getting late, I turned around to start for home.
因为天色已晚，我掉头回家。
【运用】单句语法填空
①Now that she was retired she lived with her sister.
【输出】翻译
②Since they insist on going, we'll simply push the boat with the current and let them go with us.
既然他们坚持要去，干脆我们就顺水推舟，让他们一同去吧。
③我以前到哪里都跟着我妈，因为我是最小的。
I__used__to__go__everywhere__with__my__mother,__as__I__was__the__youngest.
一、概念
在句子中担当主语的从句叫做主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
二、引导词
1.从属连词that, whether
引导词that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不担当任何句子成分；但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。
That he is still alive is a wonder.
他还活着，真是奇迹。
That he is a good student is beyond doubt.
毫无疑问，他是一个好学生。
Whether he will come is doubtful.
尚未确定他会不会来。
2．连接代词who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
What we need is more time.
我们需要的是更多的时间。
Which team will win the match is still unknown.
哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道。
Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.
不管谁来这个派对都会获得一份礼物。
3．连接副词when, where, how, why
When they will start has not been decided yet.
他们何时开始还没决定。
Where I will spend my summer is no business of yours.
我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这件事是怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
　
(1)单句语法填空
①That she became an artist may have been due to her father's influence.
②Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
③Where the ancient civilization once flourished is not a bustling city.
④What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water.
(2)翻译
①给我印象最深的是他们都受过很多苦。
What__impressed__me__most__was__that__they__had__all__suffered__a__lot.
②他什么时候听到那个消息不得而知。
When__he__heard__about__it__is__unknown.
三、形式主语it
有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语从句放在后面。
1．It＋be＋形容词(obvious, important, true, natural, strange, etc.)＋主语从句
It is important that we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation.
我们应该制定一项方案来应付目前严峻的形势，这一点非常重要。
2．It＋be＋名词短语(no wonder, an honour, a pity, a/no surprise, etc.)＋主语从句
It's a pity that he didn't come.
很遗憾他没来。
3．It＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, suggested, thought, expected, proved, etc.)＋主语从句
It is suggested that the meeting be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
4．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句
It surprised him that they came to visit him suddenly.
让他吃惊的是他们突然来看他。
　
(1)单句语法填空
①It's unfair that so many people should lose their jobs.
②It was__suggested (suggest) that you be the candidate.
③It amazed me that you would believe those lies.
(2)翻译
①这项使命不失败至关重要。
It__is__important__that__this__mission__not__fail.
②很遗憾那个男孩再也没有苏醒过来。
It's__a__pity__that__the__boy__has__never__come__back__to__himself.
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示完成句子
1．This year's yield of ________ (小麦) is higher than ever before.
答案：wheat
2．She has an ________ (电话分机) in the kitchen.
答案：extension
3．The tomatoes give extra ________ (味道) to the sauce.
答案：flavour
4．They drove a ________ (隧道) through the solid rock.
答案：tunnel
5．The spread of ________ (城市的) areas endangers wildlife.
答案：urban
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．________ he will continue to be successful in future is open to doubt.
答案：Whether
2．________ impresses me most is that the inventor of the instrument is a high school student.
答案：What
3．________ I liked geography seemed strange to my father.
答案：That
4．________ the new school year will start is announced by the school.
答案：When
5．Fresh vegetables are very ________ (nutrition)．
答案：nutritious
6．________ is a problem how they can live an ordinary life on so little food.
答案：It
7．What they need ________ (be) an act of kindness from you.
答案：is
8．________ studies hard can not fail to succeed.
答案：Whoever
9．________ it will stop raining is beyond our prediction.
答案：When
10．It is believed ________ Huck Finn is based on a childhood friend of Mark Twain's.
答案：that
Ⅲ.选词填空
turn ... into reality; deal with; extension of; urban area; adapt to
1．He has some unfinished business to ________________．
答案：deal with
2．Our University City lies far away from the ____________， whose environment is quiet and beautiful.
答案：urban area
3．Whoever works really hard will have the chance to ________ their dreams________.
答案：turn; into reality
4．An open－minded person is able to ____________ new conditions.
答案：adapt to
5．To me, working is the most important ____________ life.
答案：extension of
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．他最关心的并非金钱和名誉。
________________________ most wasn't money or celebrity.
答案：What he cared about
2．他竟失去这样一个好机会，真可惜。
____________________ that he should miss such a golden opportunity.
答案：It is a pity
3．这是否会成功还很难预测。
______________________________ is still difficult to predict.
答案：Whether this will be successful or not
4．不知道是谁放置了这颗炸弹。
It's not known ____________________________．
答案：who planted the bomb
5．这家化工厂因往河里倾倒废水而被罚款。
________________ was fined for pouring waste water into the river.
答案：The chemical factory
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%)　中档题(占比30%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ　阅读
A
Visitor code of conduct
The Canada Agriculture and Food Museum is a national museum and open to all. Respectful use of the space, sources, and animals ensures a safe and enriching environment for all visitors.
Prohibited items
The possession or use of objects that are dangerous or prohibited by law is not permitted during museum visits or events. Backpacks, sports bags, and purses may be subject to “bag searches” at all entry points. The following items are not permitted into the museum: any object that makes noise, any animal except service animals, any dangerous items, any weapon, pocket knife, blade, pepper spray, and any object considered to be suspicious (可疑的) by security personnel.
Hours
The museum is open year round. Current hours of operation are 9：10 am－4：30 pm from Wednesday to Sunday, including statutory holidays, except December 25. The museum offers free admission from 3：30 pm to 4：30 pm. Please reserve your tickets in advance.
Admission
Adult: $12.25
Age 60＋： $10.25
Youth (ages 3－17): $10.25
Member: Free
Filming and photos
The museum welcomes visitors to take either photos or video images of the museum's animals, buildings, exhibitions, and grounds during opening hours. All photos are for personal use only, not professional. Please be respectful of the animals while using your camera. Getting too close or being too aggressive in your attempt to get an image could compromise your safety and cause stress to the animals. For safety reasons and for the enjoyment of all visitors, all indoor photography or video recording must be done with hand held devices only; no tripod (三脚架) or selfie sticks indoors.
Contact
Phone: 6139913044
Address: P. O. Box 9724, Station T Ottawa, ON K1G 5A3 Canada
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是参观加拿大农业和食品博物馆的相关信息。
1．Which of the following is allowed to be brought into the museum
A．Pet cats. B．Blades.
C．Fireworks. D．Guide dogs.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据Prohibited items部分中的“The following items ... by security personnel.”可知，服务性的动物是可以进入博物馆的。D项(导盲犬)属于服务性动物。故选D。
2．How much will a couple (nonmembers) and ten year old twins pay for their tickets
A．45 dollars. B．34.75 dollars.
C．22.5 dollars. D．32.75 dollars.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Admission部分中的“Adult: $12.25；Youth (ages 3－17): $10.25；Member: Free (成人： $12.25；青少年(3～17 岁)：10.25 美元；会员：免费)”可知，一对非会员夫妇，需要的费用是 $12.25×2＝24.5；10岁的双胞胎费用是 $10.25×2＝20.5，所以总费用是 $45。故选A。
3．Why is a selfie stick forbidden while you are photographing in the museum
A．It makes your objects out of focus.
B．It might endanger the visitors around you.
C．It might disturb the animals you photograph.
D．It leads to your being considered unprofessional.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据Filming and photos部分中的“Getting too close ... or selfie sticks indoors. (太靠近或太有攻击性都可能危及你的安全，并给动物带来压力。为了安全及所有访客的愉悦，所有室内摄影或录像必须以手提式设备进行；室内不能使用三脚架或自拍杆。)”可推知，给动物拍照时，禁止使用自拍杆是因为这可能会干扰动物。故选C。
B
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed (安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they'll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors，” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (传粉昆虫)．
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U．S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that's going on in the landscape，” says Macknick.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的太阳能农场，这种农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，促进农业发展。
4．What do solar developers often ignore
A．The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B．The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C．The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D．The most recent advances in solar technology.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Often, they'll end up filling the area ... see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.” 可知，安装太阳能板会对土壤造成破坏，即太阳能开发人员经常忽略太阳能的安装带来的负面影响。故选B。
5．What does InSPIRE aim to do
A．Improve the productivity of local farms.
B．Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C．Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D．Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Solar projects need to be good neighbors”以及“They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.”可推知，InSPIRE的目的是确保太阳能项目环保。故选C。
6．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To conserve pollinators.
B．To restrict solar development.
C．To diversify the economy.
D．To ensure the supply of energy.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。通读第四段，尤其根据其中的“Over 28 states have passed laws ... pesticide use.”可知，多地通过法律是为了保护传粉昆虫。故选A。
7．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay
B．Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture
D．Solar Farms: A New Development
答案：D
解析：标题判断题。通读全文尤其是根据最后一段可知，这些对传粉昆虫友好的太阳能农场可以对这片环境中发生的一切产生宝贵的影响。由此可推知，D项(太阳能农场：一项新发展)最适合作文章标题。故选D。
Ⅱ　语法填空
The Chinatown in San Francisco is the biggest in America, and also the __1__ (old). The climate is mild all year round, __2__ (mean) it is
always a good time to visit. Now, the __3__ (major) of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English __4__ (fluent). This allows visitors to experience a real taste of China. Most of Chinatown __5__ (destroy) in the 1906 earthquake, but the city and residents rebuilt it. Visitors can spend hours just __6__ (explore) the interesting sights, smells, and sounds of China. The stores in the Chinatown offer __7__ unique range of souvenirs, goods, and clothing. All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found, too, and there are Chinese tea stores, __8__ visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea. But perhaps __9__ many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food. There is Chinese food to suit everyone's taste, __10__ traditional dishes from all over China.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国旧金山唐人街的现状、历史及其特色。
1．答案：oldest
解析：考查形容词的最高级。句意：旧金山的唐人街是美国最大的，也是最古老的。根据上文的the biggest可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。故填oldest。
2．答案：meaning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：气候一年四季温和，这意味着一年四季都是游览的好时节。此句应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填meaning。
3．答案：majority
解析：考查词性转换。句意：现在，唐人街的大多数居民仍然是华人，他们中的许多人英语说得不流利。根据定冠词the可知，设空处应用名词，the majority of意为“大多数”。故填majority。
4．答案：fluently
解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词speak应用副词作状语。故填fluently。
5．答案：was destroyed
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：唐人街大部分在1906年的地震中被摧毁，但城市和居民重建了它。设空处作谓语，根据时间状语in the 1906 earthquake可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语Most of Chinatown是单数，和动词destroy之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was destroyed。
6．答案：exploring
解析：考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”。故填exploring。
7．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意：唐人街的商店提供各种独特的纪念品、商品和服装。a range of意为“各种……”；设空后单词unique的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
8．答案：where
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句意：各种传统的中草药也可以找到，还有中国茶商店，游客可以在那里品尝和购买各种中国茶。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Chinese tea stores，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
9．答案：what
解析：考查主语从句的连接词。句意：但也许许多游客和旧金山人最珍视的是唐人街的食物。这里为主语从句的连接词，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的事物”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
10．答案：with
解析：考查介词。句意：这里有适合每个人口味的中餐，有来自中国各地的传统菜肴。根据句意和句子结构可知，设空处指的是“拥有”，应用介词with。故填with。
　精深阅读
While the banana is a common fruit we enjoy in our daily lives, have you heard of its relative, the enset (埃塞俄比亚蕉) This plant is a main food for more than 20 million people in Ethiopia. Scientists believe that the enset has the potential to provide food for over 100 million people in Africa. This could be a game－changer for addressing the food shortage due to climate change.
However, don't be fooled by its orange fruits! Unlike the banana, the fruits of the enset plant are not eatable, which has earned it the nickname of “false banana”. Food made from its roots is especially high in nutrients (营养).
The enset can feed more people per square meter of crop than most cereals (谷物). This makes it a key crop to focus on as the need to maximize the output of agricultural land in Africa grows ever more urgent. When Ethiopia experienced its most serious famine during the 1980s, the enset played a major role in helping communities recover from the famine. The enset is also used in traditional medicine, animal feed and so on.
Because of climate change, unstable temperatures and extreme weather events are posing risks to crop harvests. This threatens to worsen food shortage in many regions of Africa. Scientists believe that the enset can become a major solution for solving this issue. The enset is a very hardy plant, able to have a good harvest at a wide range of temperatures and geographical regions.
While scientists do not foresee it replacing the staple crops in other regions, they hope that the enset can be grown widely in Africa. The enset is certainly famous for its unique qualities that have given it the name “the tree against hunger”. It is an example of how food production is transforming in our world in the face of climate change.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了埃塞俄比亚蕉是非洲主要的农作物，因为其独特的品质和高产量在对抗饥饿问题上起着关键作用。
1．Why is the enset called “false banana”？
A．Because its fruits cannot be eaten.
B．Because its fruits look like oranges.
C．Because its fruits are rich in nutrients.
D．Because its fruits taste differently from bananas.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unlike the banana ... of ‘false banana’．”可知，这种香蕉被称为“假香蕉”是因为它的果实不能吃。故选A。
2．What makes the enset a key crop in Africa
A．Its good quality.
B．Its multiple purposes.
C．Its high output.
D．Its predictable future.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The enset can feed ... grows ever more urgent.”可知，埃塞俄比亚蕉是非洲的主要作物是因为它的高产量。故选C。
3．What does the underlined word “hardy” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Accessible. B．Adaptable.
C．Adjustable. D．Available.
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“able to have a good harvest at a wide range of temperatures and geographical regions”可知，埃塞俄比亚蕉能够适应不同的温度和地域，由此可推知，这是一种适应性强的作物，画线词与“adaptable”意思相近。故选B。
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Enset: A Tree against Hunger
B．Enset: A Cure for Disease
C．Enset: A Replacement of Cereals
D．Enset: A Relative of Banana
答案：A
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了埃塞俄比亚蕉是非洲主要的农作物，其独特的品质和高产量在对抗饥饿问题上起着关键作用，被称为“对抗饥饿的树”。由此可知，A项(埃塞俄比亚蕉：对抗饥饿的树)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
(一)学习重点词汇
1．address(第一段)
熟义 n. 住址；地址 We always check people's addresses as a matter of course. 我们总是照例检查一下人们的地址。
生义 vt. 设法解决 We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution. 我们必须设法解决交通污染问题。
n. 演讲；演说 His inspiring address was broadcast last night. 昨晚广播了他令人鼓舞的演讲。
2．maximize(第三段)
maximize v. 使……最大化；最大化→max adj. 最高的；最多的；最大值的→maximum (pl. maxima) n. 最大限度；最大量；最高限度
3．risk(第四段)
(二)不看原文，请尝试将图中内容补充完整
(三)翻译并背诵佳句
When Ethiopia experienced its most serious famine during the 1980s, the enset played a major role in helping communities recover from the famine.
当20世纪80年代，埃塞俄比亚经历最严重的饥荒时，埃塞俄比亚蕉在帮助社区居民摆脱饥荒方面发挥了重要作用。
18(共70张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND
Section Ⅱ　 Learning About Language
课前预习　效果检测
合作探究　精研重点
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
学习效果　当堂巩固
3
课后课时作业
４
课前预习　效果检测
一　阅读单词(3个)
写出英语单词
1．________ n. 地下通道；地道；隧道
2．________ n. 小麦；小麦籽
3．________ n. 肥料
tunnel
wheat
fertiliser
二　核心单词(3个)
A．写出英语单词
1．________ adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的
2．________ n. 炸弹　vt. 轰炸；对……投炸弹
3．________ n. 味道；特点；特色
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(剑桥高阶)We sell 32 different ________ of ice cream.
2．(柯林斯词典)But a concerted effort has begun to improve the quality of the ________ air.
3．(牛津高阶)Guests panicked and screamed when the ________ exploded.
urban
bomb
flavou
flavours
urban
bomb
三　拓展单词(3个)
A．写出英语单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．________ n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→________ v. 延长；延伸；扩大
2．________ adj. 与化学有关的；化学的　n. 化学制品；化学品→________ n. 化学，化学作用→________ n. 化学家；药剂师
3．________ n. 营养；滋养→________ adj. 营养(物)的→________ adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的
extension
extend
chemical
chemistry
chemist
nutrition
nutritional
nutritious
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing ________？
2．(朗文当代)Cooking vegetables for too long lessens their ________ value.
3．(牛津高阶)The ________ of the garden will take several weeks.
chemicals
nutritional
extension
合作探究　精研重点
1 bomb n. 炸弹　vt. 轰炸；对……投炸弹(教材P52)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)Her new novel is going like a bomb.
她的新小说很畅销。
②(朗文当代)My family were bombed out in 1941.
我们全家在1941年被炸得无家可归。
③(牛津高阶)They were bombing down the road at about 80 miles an hour.
他们正以大约一小时80英里的速度沿路飞驰。
【运用】单句语法填空
①The party was really going ________ a bomb.
②He was bombing _________ on his motorbike.
③Enemy planes dropped over 200 ________ (bomb) during the raid.
【输出】翻译
④我们的祖父母在战争期间有两次被炸弹炸得无家可归。
__________________________________________________________________
like
along/down
bombs
Our grandparents were bombed out twice during the war.
2 extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机(教材P52)
归纳
助记
①(剑桥高阶)The article is an extension of the ideas Professor Fox developed in an earlier book.
这篇文章是福克斯教授在早期著作中提出的观点的延伸。
②(柯林斯词典)The support for the fence is mounted on an extension to the table.
篱笆的支撑部分安装在桌子延长出的地方。
③(朗文当代)My primary responsibility is to the pupils, and by extension to the teachers and parents.
我的主要责任是对学生，进而是对老师和家长。
④(朗文当代)We can extend our insurance cover to travel abroad.
我们可以把保险范围扩大到出国旅行。
【运用】单句语法填空
①The service also extends ___ wrapping and delivering gifts.
②The round moon is a symbol for completeness, and ___ extension, family reunion.
③He first entered Britain on a six－month visa, and was given a further _______ (extend) of six months.
【输出】翻译
④The bank plans various extensions to its credit facilities.
____________________________________________
⑤对旧学校扩建部分已近完工。
______________________________________________
to
by
extension
银行计划多方扩展信贷服务。
The extension to the old school is nearly finished.
[教材原句P53]Now that both of my grandparents have retired from their jobs in the city, how they are going to spend their retirement is an important decision for them.
既然现在，我的祖父母都已经从城市的工作岗位上退休了，他们将如何度过他们的退休生活对他们来说是一个重要的决定。
剖析 now that 引导原因状语从句，表示强调“现在”，用来说明一种新情况，并据此进行推论。
归纳
①(牛津高阶)Now that you mention it, she did seem to be in a strange mood.
既然你说到这事儿，她确实好像情绪不大对。
②(柯林斯词典)He had reason to be pleased with himself, since he was one of only seven out of forty candidates who were successful.
他有理由沾沾自喜，因为他是40个候选人里仅有的7名成功者之一。
③(朗文当代)As it was getting late, I turned around to start for home.
因为天色已晚，我掉头回家。
【运用】单句语法填空
①Now ______ she was retired she lived with her sister.
【输出】翻译
②Since they insist on going, we'll simply push the boat with the current and let them go with us.
_____________________________________________________________
③我以前到哪里都跟着我妈，因为我是最小的。
_________________________________________________________________
that
既然他们坚持要去，干脆我们就顺水推舟，让他们一同去吧。
I used to go everywhere with my mother, as I was the youngest.
在句子中担当主语的从句叫做主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1.从属连词that, whether
引导词that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不担当任何句子成分；但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。
That he is still alive is a wonder.
他还活着，真是奇迹。
That he is a good student is beyond doubt.
毫无疑问，他是一个好学生。
Whether he will come is doubtful.
尚未确定他会不会来。
一、概念
二、引导词
2．连接代词who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
What we need is more time.
我们需要的是更多的时间。
Which team will win the match is still unknown.
哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道。
Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.
不管谁来这个派对都会获得一份礼物。
3．连接副词when, where, how, why
When they will start has not been decided yet.
他们何时开始还没决定。
Where I will spend my summer is no business of yours.
我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这件事是怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
(1)单句语法填空
①________ she became an artist may have been due to her father's influence.
② ________ it will do us harm remains to be seen.
③ ________ the ancient civilization once flourished is not a bustling city.
④ ________ make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water.
That
Whether
Where
What
(2)翻译
①给我印象最深的是他们都受过很多苦。
______________________________________________________________
②他什么时候听到那个消息不得而知。
_____________________________________________________________
What impressed me most was that they had all suffered a lot.
When he heard about it is unknown.
有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语从句放在后面。
1．It＋be＋形容词(obvious, important, true, natural, strange, etc.)＋主语从句
It is important that we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation.
我们应该制定一项方案来应付目前严峻的形势，这一点非常重要。
三、形式主语it
2．It＋be＋名词短语(no wonder, an honour, a pity, a/no surprise, etc.)＋主语从句
It's a pity that he didn't come.
很遗憾他没来。
3．It＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, suggested, thought, expected, proved, etc.)＋主语从句
It is suggested that the meeting be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
4．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句
It surprised him that they came to visit him suddenly.
让他吃惊的是他们突然来看他。
(1)单句语法填空
①It's unfair _______ so many people should lose their jobs.
②It _______________(suggest) that you be the candidate.
③It amazed me _____ you would believe those lies.
(2)翻译
①这项使命不失败至关重要。
_____________________________________________________________
②很遗憾那个男孩再也没有苏醒过来。
_____________________________________________________________
that
was suggested
that
It is important that this mission not fail.
It's a pity that the boy has never come back to himself.
学习效果　当堂巩固
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示完成句子
1．This year's yield of ________ (小麦) is higher than ever before.
2．She has an __________ (电话分机) in the kitchen.
3．The tomatoes give extra ________ (味道) to the sauce.
4．They drove a ________ (隧道) through the solid rock.
5．The spread of ________ (城市的) areas endangers wildlife.
wheat
extension
flavour
tunnel
urban
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．________ he will continue to be successful in future is open to doubt.
2．________ impresses me most is that the inventor of the instrument is a high school student.
3．________ I liked geography seemed strange to my father.
4．________ the new school year will start is announced by the school.
5．Fresh vegetables are very ________ (nutrition)．
Whether
What
That
When
nutritious
6．________ is a problem how they can live an ordinary life on so little food.
7．What they need ________ (be) an act of kindness from you.
8．________ studies hard can not fail to succeed.
9．________ it will stop raining is beyond our prediction.
10．It is believed ________ Huck Finn is based on a childhood friend of Mark Twain's.
It
is
Whoever
When
that
turn ... into reality; deal with; extension of; urban area; adapt to
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．He has some unfinished business to ________________．
2．Our University City lies far away from the ____________， whose environment is quiet and beautiful.
3．Whoever works really hard will have the chance to ________ their dreams___________.
4．An open－minded person is able to ____________ new conditions.
5．To me, working is the most important ____________ life.
deal with
urban area
turn
into reality
adapt to
extension of
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．他最关心的并非金钱和名誉。
________________________ most wasn't money or celebrity.
2．他竟失去这样一个好机会，真可惜。
_______________ that he should miss such a golden opportunity.
3．这是否会成功还很难预测。
________________________________ is still difficult to predict.
4．不知道是谁放置了这颗炸弹。
It's not known ____________________________．
5．这家化工厂因往河里倾倒废水而被罚款。
_________________ was fined for pouring waste water into the river.
What he cared about
It is a pity
Whether this will be successful or not
who planted the bomb
The chemical factory
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%)　中档题(占比30%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B 难度 ★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ　阅读
A
Visitor code of conduct
The Canada Agriculture and Food Museum is a national museum and open to all. Respectful use of the space, sources, and animals ensures a safe and enriching environment for all visitors.
Prohibited items
The possession or use of objects that are dangerous or prohibited by law is not permitted during museum visits or events. Backpacks, sports bags, and purses may be subject to “bag searches” at all entry points. The following items are not permitted into the museum: any object that makes noise, any animal except service animals, any dangerous items, any weapon, pocket knife, blade, pepper spray, and any object considered to be suspicious (可疑的) by security personnel.
Hours
The museum is open year round. Current hours of operation are 9：10 am－4：30 pm from Wednesday to Sunday, including statutory holidays, except December 25. The museum offers free admission from 3：30 pm to 4：30 pm. Please reserve your tickets in advance.
Admission
Adult: $12.25
Age 60＋： $10.25
Youth (ages 3－17): $10.25
Member: Free
Filming and photos
The museum welcomes visitors to take either photos or video images of the museum's animals, buildings, exhibitions, and grounds during opening hours. All photos are for personal use only, not professional. Please be respectful of the animals while using your camera. Getting too close or being too aggressive in your attempt to get an image could compromise your safety and cause stress to the animals. For safety reasons and for the enjoyment of all visitors, all indoor photography or video recording must be done with hand held devices only; no tripod (三脚架) or selfie sticks indoors.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是参观加拿大农业和食品博物馆的相关信息。
Contact
Phone: 6139913044
Address: P. O. Box 9724, Station T Ottawa, ON K1G 5A3 Canada
1．Which of the following is allowed to be brought into the museum
A．Pet cats. B．Blades.
C．Fireworks. D．Guide dogs.
解析：细节理解题。根据Prohibited items部分中的“The following items ... by security personnel.”可知，服务性的动物是可以进入博物馆的。D项(导盲犬)属于服务性动物。故选D。
2．How much will a couple (nonmembers) and ten year old twins pay for their tickets
A．45 dollars. B．34.75 dollars.
C．22.5 dollars. D．32.75 dollars.
解析：细节理解题。根据Admission部分中的“Adult: $12.25；Youth (ages 3－17): $10.25；Member: Free (成人： $12.25；青少年(3～17 岁)：10.25 美元；会员：免费)”可知，一对非会员夫妇，需要的费用是 $12.25×2＝24.5；10岁的双胞胎费用是 $10.25×2＝20.5，所以总费用是 $45。故选A。
3．Why is a selfie stick forbidden while you are photographing in the museum
A．It makes your objects out of focus.
B．It might endanger the visitors around you.
C．It might disturb the animals you photograph.
D．It leads to your being considered unprofessional.
解析：推理判断题。根据Filming and photos部分中的“Getting too close ... or selfie sticks indoors. (太靠近或太有攻击性都可能危及你的安全，并给动物带来压力。为了安全及所有访客的愉悦，所有室内摄影或录像必须以手提式设备进行；室内不能使用三脚架或自拍杆。)”可推知，给动物拍照时，禁止使用自拍杆是因为这可能会干扰动物。故选C。
B
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed (安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they'll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors，” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (传粉昆虫)．
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U．S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的太阳能农场，这种农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，促进农业发展。
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that's going on in the landscape，” says Macknick.
4．What do solar developers often ignore
A．The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B．The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C．The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D．The most recent advances in solar technology.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Often, they'll end up filling the area ... see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.” 可知，安装太阳能板会对土壤造成破坏，即太阳能开发人员经常忽略太阳能的安装带来的负面影响。故选B。
5．What does InSPIRE aim to do
A．Improve the productivity of local farms.
B．Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C．Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D．Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Solar projects need to be good neighbors”以及“They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.”可推知，InSPIRE的目的是确保太阳能项目环保。故选C。
6．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To conserve pollinators.
B．To restrict solar development.
C．To diversify the economy.
D．To ensure the supply of energy.
解析：细节理解题。通读第四段，尤其根据其中的“Over 28 states have passed laws ... pesticide use.”可知，多地通过法律是为了保护传粉昆虫。故选A。
7．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay
B．Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture
D．Solar Farms: A New Development
解析：标题判断题。通读全文尤其是根据最后一段可知，这些对传粉昆虫友好的太阳能农场可以对这片环境中发生的一切产生宝贵的影响。由此可推知，D项(太阳能农场：一项新发展)最适合作文章标题。故选D。
Ⅱ　语法填空
The Chinatown in San Francisco is the biggest in America, and also the __1__ (old). The climate is mild all year round, __2__ (mean) it is always a good time to visit. Now, the __3__ (major) of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English __4__ (fluent). This allows visitors to experience a real taste of China. Most of Chinatown __5__ (destroy) in the 1906 earthquake, but the city and residents rebuilt it. Visitors can spend hours just __6__ (explore) the interesting sights, smells, and sounds of China. The stores in the Chinatown offer __7__ unique range of souvenirs, goods, and clothing. All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found, too, and there are Chinese tea stores, __8__ visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea. But perhaps __9__ many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food. There is Chinese food to suit everyone's taste, __10__ traditional dishes from all over China.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国旧金山唐人街的现状、历史及其特色。
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　
6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________
1．答案：oldest
2．答案：meaning
解析：考查形容词的最高级。句意：旧金山的唐人街是美国最大的，也是最古老的。根据上文的the biggest可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。故填oldest。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：气候一年四季温和，这意味着一年四季都是游览的好时节。此句应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填meaning。
3．答案： majority
4．答案：fluently
解析：考查词性转换。句意：现在，唐人街的大多数居民仍然是华人，他们中的许多人英语说得不流利。根据定冠词the可知，设空处应用名词，the majority of意为“大多数”。故填majority。
解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词speak应用副词作状语。故填fluently。
5．答案：was destroyed
6．答案： exploring
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：唐人街大部分在1906年的地震中被摧毁，但城市和居民重建了它。设空处作谓语，根据时间状语in the 1906 earthquake可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语Most of Chinatown是单数，和动词destroy之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was destroyed。
解析：考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”。故填exploring。
7．答案：a
8．答案： where
解析：考查冠词。句意：唐人街的商店提供各种独特的纪念品、商品和服装。a range of意为“各种……”；设空后单词unique的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句意：各种传统的中草药也可以找到，还有中国茶商店，游客可以在那里品尝和购买各种中国茶。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Chinese tea stores，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
9．答案： what
10．答案： with
解析：考查主语从句的连接词。句意：但也许许多游客和旧金山人最珍视的是唐人街的食物。这里为主语从句的连接词，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的事物”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
解析：考查介词。句意：这里有适合每个人口味的中餐，有来自中国各地的传统菜肴。根据句意和句子结构可知，设空处指的是“拥有”，应用介词with。故填with。
While the banana is a common fruit we enjoy in our daily lives, have you heard of its relative, the enset (埃塞俄比亚蕉) This plant is a main food for more than 20 million people in Ethiopia. Scientists believe that the enset has the potential to provide food for over 100 million people in Africa. This could be a game－changer for addressing the food shortage due to climate change.
However, don't be fooled by its orange fruits! Unlike the banana, the fruits of the enset plant are not eatable, which has earned it the nickname of “false banana”. Food made from its roots is especially high in nutrients (营养).
精深阅读
The enset can feed more people per square meter of crop than most cereals (谷物). This makes it a key crop to focus on as the need to maximize the output of agricultural land in Africa grows ever more urgent. When Ethiopia experienced its most serious famine during the 1980s, the enset played a major role in helping communities recover from the famine. The enset is also used in traditional medicine, animal feed and so on.
Because of climate change, unstable temperatures and extreme weather events are posing risks to crop harvests. This threatens to worsen food shortage in many regions of Africa. Scientists believe that the enset can become a major solution for solving this issue. The enset is a very hardy plant, able to have a good harvest at a wide range of temperatures and geographical regions.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了埃塞俄比亚蕉是非洲主要的农作物，因为其独特的品质和高产量在对抗饥饿问题上起着关键作用。
While scientists do not foresee it replacing the staple crops in other regions, they hope that the enset can be grown widely in Africa. The enset is certainly famous for its unique qualities that have given it the name “the tree against hunger”. It is an example of how food production is transforming in our world in the face of climate change.
1．Why is the enset called “false banana”？
A．Because its fruits cannot be eaten.
B．Because its fruits look like oranges.
C．Because its fruits are rich in nutrients.
D．Because its fruits taste differently from bananas.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unlike the banana ... of ‘false banana’．”可知，这种香蕉被称为“假香蕉”是因为它的果实不能吃。故选A。
2．What makes the enset a key crop in Africa
A．Its good quality.
B．Its multiple purposes.
C．Its high output.
D．Its predictable future.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The enset can feed ... grows ever more urgent.”可知，埃塞俄比亚蕉是非洲的主要作物是因为它的高产量。故选C。
3．What does the underlined word “hardy” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Accessible. B．Adaptable.
C．Adjustable. D．Available.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“able to have a good harvest at a wide range of temperatures and geographical regions”可知，埃塞俄比亚蕉能够适应不同的温度和地域，由此可推知，这是一种适应性强的作物，画线词与“adaptable”意思相近。故选B。
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Enset: A Tree against Hunger
B．Enset: A Cure for Disease
C．Enset: A Replacement of Cereals
D．Enset: A Relative of Banana
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了埃塞俄比亚蕉是非洲主要的农作物，其独特的品质和高产量在对抗饥饿问题上起着关键作用，被称为“对抗饥饿的树”。由此可知，A项(埃塞俄比亚蕉：对抗饥饿的树)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
熟义 n. ___________ We always check people's addresses as a matter of course.
我们总是照例检查一下人们的_______。
生义 vt. __________ We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.
我们必须___________交通污染问题。
n. __________ His inspiring address was broadcast last night.
昨晚广播了他令人鼓舞的_____。
(一)学习重点词汇
1．address(第一段)
住址；地址
地址
设法解决
设法解决
演讲；演说
演讲
2．maximize(第三段)
maximize v. ______________________→max adj.___________________________ →maximum (pl. maxima) n. ___________________________________
使……最大化；最大化
最高的；最多的；最大值的
最大限度；最大量；最高限度
3．risk(第四段)
危险，风险
给……带来风险
冒险去做某事
冒……的危险；冒险做
冒险做某事
有危险的；有风险的
做某事是有风险的
(二)不看原文，请尝试将图中内容补充完整
eatable
high
maximize
unstable
medicine
(二)不看原文，请尝试将图中内容补充完整
eatable
high
maximize
unstable
medicine
(二)不看原文，请尝试将图中内容补充完整
When Ethiopia experienced its most serious famine during the 1980s, the enset played a major role in helping communities recover from the famine.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
当20世纪80年代，埃塞俄比亚经历最严重的饥荒时，埃塞俄比亚蕉在帮助社区居民摆脱饥荒方面发挥了重要作用。

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