资源简介

Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)
1．switch v．(用开关)改变，转换 n．开关；转换
(1)make a switch 做出改变
(2)switch (sth．) off 关(电灯、机器等)
switch (sth．) on 开(电灯、机器)
switch (from．．．) to．．． (从/由……)转变为……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Mom asked me to switch_________the TV set as soon as I started eating．
②Would you please switch_________the light？I can't see much clearly．It is getting dark．
③(应用文之建议信)如果你遵循我的建议，我坚信你将从不爱运动的人转变为运动爱好者。
If you follow my suggestions，I strongly believe that you will__________________．
[温馨提示]　各种“开”“关”的表达法：
open/close/shut the door/window开/关门/窗
switch on/off the radio/TV/light开/关收音机/电视/电灯
turn on/off the radio/water/gas开/关收音机/水/煤气
2．motivate v．激发，激励；成为……的动机(常用于被动语态)
(1)motivate sb．to do sth． 激励某人做某事
(2)motivation n． 动机；积极性
(3)motivated adj． 积极的，主动的
be motivated by．．． 被……所激励
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①(应用文之邀请信)To keep them better________(motivate)，we intend to shoot some inspirational videos，where teachers and students are expected to give them some encouragement and best wishes within 2 minutes．
②________(motivate) is what gets you started; habit is what keeps you going．
③给我印象最深的是，每当我遇到困难时，我的老师都会激励我坚持我的梦想。
What impresses me most is that my teacher will always_________________whenever I come across difficulties．
3．on reflection经再三考虑
(1)reflection n．　　 反映；表达；映像；
沉思，深思
(2)reflect v． 反映；显示；反射(声，光，热等)；
认真思考，沉思
reflect on/upon 认真思考
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2023·全国乙卷)The UK's obsession (痴迷) with food_____________(reflect) through television scheduling．
②(2023·全国乙卷)As a musician，it's important to give maximum attention and time to your own________(reflect) of your own feelings．
③The boss refused at first，but_________reflection，he realised the offer was perfect actually．
④如果你养成一种思考如何学习的习惯，你作为学生的成绩肯定会很好。
Your performance as a student will be excellent___________________________．
4．occupy v．占用，占去(时间/空间等)；忙着(做某事)，使忙于(做某事)；占领；占据
(1)occupy oneself with sth．/in doing sth．＝be occupied with sth．/in doing sth．
从事于/忙于做某事
(2)occupation n． 职业；占有
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级
①The twins soon found themselves_______(occupy)in cleaning up the kitchen while their father was occupying himself_________the breakfast．
②Choosing an_________(occupy) takes time，and there are a lot of things you have to think about．
③I occupy myself in organizing a class meeting about traditional Chinese culture at present and I am writing to ask for your suggestions．
→________________a class meeting about traditional Chinese culture at present，I am writing to ask for your suggestions．(动词 ing形式短语作状语)
→________________a class meeting about traditional Chinese culture at present，I am writing to ask for your suggestions．(过去分词短语作状语)
5．access n．接触的机会；通道；通路 v．访问；存取(计算机文件)
(1)access to．．．　　 ……的通路；利用……的权利
have/get access to (拥有或得到)……的权利/机会
(2)accessible adj． 可进入的；可使用的
be accessible to 易接近的；容易进入的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)As cities balloon with growth，access_________nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find．
②He usually puts the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it will not be_________(access) to the kids．
③(应用文之建议信)鉴于你对中国文化很感兴趣，我建议你申请北京大学，在那里你可以接触到最好的中国文化。
Considering your keen interest in Chinese culture，I suggest you apply for Beijing University，_____________________________________．
[温馨提示]　像access，approach，solution，key这样的名词，它们常与介词to连用。
6．rely v．(为生活或生存而)依赖，依靠；相信，信赖
(1)rely on sb．to do sth．＝rely on sb．'s
doing sth． 依靠某人做某事
rely on sb．/sth．for sth． 依靠某人/某物提供某物
rely on it that．．． 相信……，指望……
(2)reliable adj． 可依靠的；可信赖的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Bernard made up his mind to follow their examples to be a_________(rely)person whom others can rely on_________help．
②People rely_________mobile phones for the latest news now instead of looking through newspapers like before．
③(应用文之求助信)我得依赖你来修改(polish)我的求职信和个人简介，这样我才能在暑假期间做一份兼职工作。
a．I must______________________________and personal profile so that I can take a part time job during the summer vacation．
b．I must____________________________and personal profile so that I can take a part time job during the summer vacation．
[温馨提示]　在“rely on it＋that从句”中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。与此类似的有“depend on/see to it＋that从句”“appreciate it＋if从句”“like/hate it＋when从句”等。
1．with 复合结构
(教材P18)With the detox now finished，they've switched on their devices and they're back online．
如今，脱瘾活动已结束，他们纷纷开启电子设备，重返网络。
此句中“With the detox now finished”为with复合结构。
with复合结构在句中常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语，也可作后置定语。其结构为：
·with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)
·with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)
·with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作)
·with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj．/adv．
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①(读后续写之神态描写)The girl stood there quiet and still，with eyes_________(fix) on the cartoon．
②(读后续写之环境描写)With many rolling green hills________(surround) it，the landscape of the peaceful village is a feast for the eyes．
③(读后续写之动作描写)他累坏了，拖着沉重的脚步上楼，打开门，穿着所有的衣服躺在床上。
Exhausted and tired，he trudged upstairs，opened the door and lay on the bed________________．
2．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(教材P20)An hour's sport each day left me tired out and wanting to go to bed early．
每天一小时的运动让人筋疲力尽，想早点上床休息。
(1)“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，意为“让/使某人(物)继续处于某种状态、某地等”。该句式中leave为及物动词，意为“使处于……；听任……”。
(2)leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语的常见构成如下：
leave＋宾语＋
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2022·全国乙卷改编)Preschool children are remarkably bad at hiding． They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies________(expose)．
②If you have individuals who are not on board，your words probably won't do much and can often leave you_________(feel) more discouraged．
③He is an adult now，so you'd better leave him___________ (deal) with the problem alone in the future．
④去年他在车祸中严重受伤，这让他至今还很虚弱。
He was badly hurt in an accident last year，which still________________to this day．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．China has introduced a series of measures to broaden senior citizens' access________education．
2．Researchers have listed several factors that motivate people________(get) involved in the voluntary work．
3．I hadn't expected to go camping，but on_________(reflect)，I might as well take that chance to relax myself from heavy schoolwork．
4．We are looking for someone who is both_________(rely) and hard working．
5．In his spare time，he either listens to soft music to relax himself or switch_________the TV to watch the news．
6．For costumes，Beijing Opera performers use bright colors which are strictly based on the________(occupy) and lifestyle of different characters．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．迈克尔克服了紧张感，走上讲台，就如何做一个自制力强的学生发表了精彩的演讲。
______________________，Michael stepped up onto the platform and delivered a wonderful speech on how to be a student with strong self control．
2．他出去时把他的书摊开在桌子上。
He went out，______________________ on the desk．
3．你可以相信，锻炼对你的健康和学习是有益的。
You________________________doing exercise can be of benefit to your health and study．
4．当时他忙于为期末考试复习功课。
He________________________his lessons for his final exam then．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Brenton High launched a fundraising campaign for new sports equipment，1．_______is called the Social Media Detox． More than 100 students had been persuaded 2．________(stop) using social media for a whole week at the start of it．
Anna lasted two days． The detox was more difficult to tolerate than she 3．________(expect)． But she can see how much of her time had been occupied 4．___________ checking her phone． She's now trying to spend 5．________(little) time online and more time picking up her hobbies．
Devon lasted four days． 6．________(do) the detox meant he and his classmates had to communicate face to face! It made him realise the value of real contact that he had forgotten．
Cindy lasted the whole week 7．________(successful)! Without phones，she and one of her friends had a proper conversation． It felt so good!
George did all seven days，too! He gave his phone to his dad to avoid giving in． His brother 8．________(take) him to check out their local sports centre． The detox made him healthier!
Max threw in the towel on the first day! When he switched 9．________his phone to check the address of a party，he couldn't resist having a quick look at his social media accounts．
It seems that something other than money has also been raised through the detox． 10．________(aware) of just how much we rely on social media can help us step away from it．
Period 3
核心词汇
1．①off　②on　③switch from a sofa potato to a sports lover
2．①motivated　②Motivation　③motivate me to stick to my dream
3．①is reflected　②reflections　③on　④if you develop a habit of reflecting on/upon how you learn
4．①occupied；with　②occupation　③Occupying myself in organizing；Occupied in organizing
5．①to　②accessible　③where you can get/have access to the best Chinese culture
6．①reliable；for　②on　③rely on you to polish my application letter；rely on it that you polish my application letter
句法句式
1．①fixed　②surrounding　③with all his clothes on
2．①exposed　②feeling　③to deal　④leaves him weak
巩固落实
Ⅰ．1．to　2．to get　3．reflection　4．reliable　5．on　6．occupation
Ⅱ．1．With nervousness overcome　2．leaving his book lying open　3．can rely on it that　4．was occupied in going over
Ⅲ．1．which　2．to stop　3．had expected　4．in/with　5．less　6．Doing　7．successfully　8．took　9．on　10．Awareness
1/1(共38张PPT)
Period 3　
Unit 2　Improving yourself
主题语境 人与自我—— 认识自我、丰富自我、完善自我
课时学案 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)
(1)make a switch 做出改变
(2)switch (sth．) off 关(电灯、机器等)
switch (sth．) on 开(电灯、机器)
switch (from...) to... (从/由……)转变为……
1．switch v．(用开关)改变，转换 n．开关；转换
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Mom asked me to switch ___ the TV set as soon as I started eating．
②Would you please switch __ the light？I can't see much clearly．It is getting dark．
③(应用文之建议信)如果你遵循我的建议，我坚信你将从不爱运动的人转变为运动爱好者。
If you follow my suggestions，I strongly believe that you will __________
_____________________________．
off
on
switch from
a sofa potato to a sports lover
[温馨提示]　各种“开”“关”的表达法：
open/close/shut the door/window开/关门/窗
switch on/off the radio/TV/light开/关收音机/电视/电灯
turn on/off the radio/water/gas开/关收音机/水/煤气
(1)motivate sb．to do sth． 激励某人做某事
(2)motivation n． 动机；积极性
(3)motivated adj． 积极的，主动的
be motivated by... 被……所激励
2．motivate v．激发，激励；成为……的动机(常用于被动语态)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①(应用文之邀请信)To keep them better __________(motivate)，we intend to shoot some inspirational videos，where teachers and students are expected to give them some encouragement and best wishes within 2 minutes．
②___________(motivate) is what gets you started; habit is what keeps you going．
motivated
Motivation
③给我印象最深的是，每当我遇到困难时，我的老师都会激励我坚持我的梦想。
What impresses me most is that my teacher will always ______________
________________ whenever I come across difficulties．
motivate me to
stick to my dream
(1)reflection n． 反映；表达；映像；沉思，深思
(2)reflect v． 反映；显示；反射(声，光，热等)；
认真思考，沉思
reflect on/upon 认真思考
3．on reflection经再三考虑
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2023·全国乙卷)The UK's obsession (痴迷) with food __________
(reflect) through television scheduling．
②(2023·全国乙卷)As a musician，it's important to give maximum attention and time to your own _________ (reflect) of your own feelings．
③The boss refused at first，but __ reflection，he realised the offer was perfect actually．
is reflected
reflections
on
④如果你养成一种思考如何学习的习惯，你作为学生的成绩肯定会很好。
Your performance as a student will be excellent ____________________
____________________________________．
if you develop a
habit of reflecting on/upon how you learn
(1)occupy oneself with sth．/in doing sth．＝be occupied with sth．/in doing sth． 从事于/忙于做某事
(2)occupation n． 职业；占有
4．occupy v．占用，占去(时间/空间等)；忙着(做某事)，使忙于(做某事)；占领；占据
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级
①The twins soon found themselves ________(occupy)in cleaning up the kitchen while their father was occupying himself _____ the breakfast．
②Choosing an __________ (occupy) takes time，and there are a lot of things you have to think about．
occupied
with
occupation
③I occupy myself in organizing a class meeting about traditional Chinese culture at present and I am writing to ask for your suggestions．
→_____________________________ a class meeting about traditional Chinese culture at present，I am writing to ask for your suggestions．
(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
→_____________________ a class meeting about traditional Chinese culture at present，I am writing to ask for your suggestions．(过去分词短语作状语)
Occupying myself in organizing
Occupied in organizing
(1)access to... ……的通路；利用……的权利
have/get access to (拥有或得到)……的权利/机会
(2)accessible adj． 可进入的；可使用的
be accessible to 易接近的；容易进入的
5．access n．接触的机会；通道；通路 v．访问；存取(计算机文件)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)As cities balloon with growth，access __ nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find．
②He usually puts the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it will not be __________ (access) to the kids．
to
accessible
③(应用文之建议信)鉴于你对中国文化很感兴趣，我建议你申请北京大学，在那里你可以接触到最好的中国文化。
Considering your keen interest in Chinese culture，I suggest you apply for Beijing University，_______________________________________
________________．
[温馨提示]　像access，approach，solution，key这样的名词，它们常与介词to连用。
where you can get/have access to the best
Chinese culture
(1)rely on sb．to do sth．＝rely on sb．'s doing sth．
依靠某人做某事
rely on sb．/sth．for sth． 依靠某人/某物提供某物
rely on it that... 相信……，指望……
(2)reliable adj． 可依靠的；可信赖的
6．rely v．(为生活或生存而)依赖，依靠；相信，信赖
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Bernard made up his mind to follow their examples to be a ________ (rely)person whom others can rely on ___ help．
②People rely __ mobile phones for the latest news now instead of looking through newspapers like before．
reliable
for
on
③(应用文之求助信)我得依赖你来修改(polish)我的求职信和个人简介，这样我才能在暑假期间做一份兼职工作。
a．I must _____________________________________ and personal profile so that I can take a part-time job during the summer vacation．
b．I must ____________________________________________ and personal profile so that I can take a part-time job during the summer vacation．
rely on you to polish my application letter
rely on it that you polish my application letter
[温馨提示]　在“rely on it＋that从句”中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。与此类似的有“depend on/see to it＋that从句”“appreciate it＋if从句”“like/hate it＋when从句”等。
(教材P18)With the detox now finished，they've switched on their devices and they're back online．
如今，脱瘾活动已结束，他们纷纷开启电子设备，重返网络。
1．with 复合结构
此句中“With the detox now finished”为with复合结构。
with复合结构在句中常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语，也可作后置定语。其结构为：
·with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)
·with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)
·with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作)
·with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj．/adv．
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①(读后续写之神态描写)The girl stood there quiet and still，with eyes _____ (fix) on the cartoon．
②(读后续写之环境描写)With many rolling green hills _____________
(surround) it，the landscape of the peaceful village is a feast for the eyes．
fixed
surrounding
③(读后续写之动作描写)他累坏了，拖着沉重的脚步上楼，打开门，穿着所有的衣服躺在床上。
Exhausted and tired，he trudged upstairs，opened the door and lay on the bed ____________________．
with all his clothes on
(教材P20)An hour's sport each day left me tired out and wanting to go to bed early．
每天一小时的运动让人筋疲力尽，想早点上床休息。
2．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(1)“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，意为“让/使某人(物)继续处于某种状态、某地等”。该句式中leave为及物动词，意为“使处于……；听任……”。
(2)leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语的常见构成如下：
leave＋宾语＋
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2022·全国乙卷改编)Preschool children are remarkably bad at hiding．They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies _______(expose)．
②If you have individuals who are not on board，your words probably won't do much and can often leave you ______ (feel) more discouraged．
exposed
feeling
③He is an adult now，so you'd better leave him ______(deal) with the problem alone in the future．
④去年他在车祸中严重受伤，这让他至今还很虚弱。
He was badly hurt in an accident last year，which still ______________
to this day．
to deal
leaves him weak
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．China has introduced a series of measures to broaden senior citizens' access __ education．
2．Researchers have listed several factors that motivate people _______
(get) involved in the voluntary work．
3．I hadn't expected to go camping，but on __________ (reflect)，I might as well take that chance to relax myself from heavy schoolwork．
to
to get
reflection
4．We are looking for someone who is both ________ (rely) and hard-working．
5．In his spare time，he either listens to soft music to relax himself or switch __ the TV to watch the news．
6．For costumes，Beijing Opera performers use bright colors which are strictly based on the __________(occupy) and lifestyle of different characters．
reliable
on
occupation
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．迈克尔克服了紧张感，走上讲台，就如何做一个自制力强的学生发表了精彩的演讲。
_________________________，Michael stepped up onto the platform and delivered a wonderful speech on how to be a student with strong self-control．
With nervousness overcome
2．他出去时把他的书摊开在桌子上。
He went out，_______________________ on the desk．
3．你可以相信，锻炼对你的健康和学习是有益的。
You _______________ doing exercise can be of benefit to your health and study．
4．当时他忙于为期末考试复习功课。
He _______________________ his lessons for his final exam then．
leaving his book lying open
can rely on it that
was occupied in going over
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Brenton High launched a fundraising campaign for new sports equipment，1．______ is called the Social Media Detox．More than 100 students had been persuaded 2．______(stop) using social media for a whole week at the start of it．
which
to stop
Anna lasted two days．The detox was more difficult to tolerate than she 3．___________(expect)．But she can see how much of her time had been occupied 4．_________ checking her phone．She's now trying to spend 5．____ (little) time online and more time picking up her hobbies．
Devon lasted four days．6．______ (do) the detox meant he and his classmates had to communicate face to face! It made him realise the value of real contact that he had forgotten．
had expected
in/with
less
Doing
Cindy lasted the whole week 7．____________(successful)! Without phones，she and one of her friends had a proper conversation．
It felt so good!
George did all seven days，too! He gave his phone to his dad to avoid giving in．His brother 8．_____(take) him to check out their local sports centre．The detox made him healthier!
successfully
took
Max threw in the towel on the first day! When he switched 9．__ his phone to check the address of a party，he couldn't resist having a quick look at his social media accounts．
It seems that something other than money has also been raised through the detox．10．___________(aware) of just how much we rely on social media can help us step away from it．
on
Awareness
课时分层作业(四)
点击页面进入…
（WORD版）
巩固课堂所学 · 激发学习思维
夯实基础知识 · 熟悉命题方式
自我检测提能 · 及时矫正不足
本节课掌握了哪些考点？
本节课还有什么疑问点？
课后训练
学习反思
课时小结
THANKS课时分层作业(四)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．For the________ (安全) of passengers，all hand baggage is carefully checked．
2．She started studying English at college，but_________ (改变) to Business in her second year．
3．The teacher often takes measures to________(激励) his students to work hard and efficiently．
4．The program will_________ (占用) that half hour period before the nine o'clock news．
5．The newspaper publishes a_________(概况)of a leading sportsman every week．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．Some students don't have a_________ (rely) car，while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week．
2．I find it hard to work at home because there are too many_________ (distract)．
3．At first，I thought her ideas were crazy，but________reflection，I realized there was some truth in what she said．
4．Jim beat me for the fourth time in the game，so I threw________ the towel．
5．I know it's time I got down to doing my homework，but I just can't resist_________ (play) computer games．
Ⅲ．阅读理解
A
Back in the early 2000s，lots of people couldn't have imagined life without alarm clocks，CD players，calendars，cameras，or lots of other devices．But along came the smartphones，and they took over the functions of dozens of things we used to think were essential．
The smartphone story could even be a model for fighting climate change; not because smartphones use a small part of the energy of all the things they replace—although they do—but because they represent a different approach to design in general．And that approach is to focus on function rather than form．That requires focusing on understanding the underlying problem，and then engineering a wide range of potential solutions．This approach could revolutionize how we think about energy efficiency．
Traditionally，improvements in energy efficiency have mostly focused on individual devices，which can be quite fruitful．But focusing on individual devices is like a smartphone company had spent effort inventing a better alarm clock，a better CD player，a better calendar，and a better camera．Now with a smartphone，we don't need the stand alone devices at all，because it can function as all of them．
So when it comes to using energy efficiently，rather than just installing a more efficient heater，some people have focused instead on the desired function：staying warm．They designed and coated their house so well that they could get rid of their heater altogether，letting them heat their house with 99% less energy．
In the same way，rather than just making cars more efficient，what if we focus on the desired function — getting where we want when we want — and create an efficient transportation system where we can drive less or get rid of our personal cars entirely？The most energy efficient car or heater is no car，or no heater，while still being able to get around and stay warm．In other words，it's not thinking efficient，it's thinking different．
1．What makes the smartphone company a good example of environmental protection
A．Perfecting individual devices．
B．Combining possible functions．
C．Adopting a simplest design．
D．Reducing the energy consumption．
2．What does the author think of traditional practices in energy improvements
A．Conventional．　 B．Out of date．
C．Adequate． D．Perfect．
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．Think out of the box．
B．Differences make it unique．
C．Be economical with energy．
D．Step out of the comfort zone．
B
Researchers from the RIKEN Guardian Robot Project in Japan have created an android(机器人)child that can convey six basic emotions． The name of the android is Nikola, and the research behind its development tested how well people could identify the six facial expressions of sadness, happiness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust．
Inside Nikola's face are 29 pneumatic actuators (气动驱动器) that control the movements of artificial muscles． Another six actuators control head and eyeball movements． Pneumatic actuators are controlled by air pressure, which makes the movements silent and smooth． The team placed the actuators based on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), which has been used extensively to study facial expressions．
Typically, studies of emotions, particularly how people react to emotions, have a problem． It is difficult to do a properly controlled experiment with live people interacting, but at the same time, looking at photos or videos of people is less natural, and reactions aren't the same． “The hope is that with androids like Nikola, we can have our cake and eat it too，” says Sato． “We can control every aspect of Nikola's behavior, and at the same time study live interactions．”
To achieve this, the team had to first see if Nikola's facial expressions were understandable． The result showed that a person certified in FACS scoring was able to identify each facial action unit, which meant that Nikola's facial movements accurately resembled a real human's． It also demonstrated that everyday people could recognize the six emotions in Nikola's face． With that said, some emotions like disgust proved more difficult to identify due to Nikola's silicone skin being less elastic (弹性的) than real human skin． This meant that the android couldn't form wrinkles very well．
“Androids that can emotionally communicate with us will be useful in a wide range of real life situations, such as caring for older people, and can promote human wellbeing，” says Sato．
4．What do we know about Nikola's emotional changes
A．They take place with strange noises．
B．They are conducted through air pressure．
C．They are controlled by 29 pneumatic actuators．
D．They are limited to head and eyeball movements．
5．What does Sato mean by saying “We can have our cake and eat it too” in paragraph 3
A．We can celebrate our success by eating cakes．
B．We can have interactions with Nikola naturally．
C．We can study Nikola's photos or videos very easily．
D．We can do a controlled experiment with live interactions．
6．What does Nikola need improving according to paragraph 4
A．Its muscles．
B．Its actuators．
C．Its skin material．
D．Its scoring system．
7．What can be the best title for the text
A．Will Robots Ever Have Emotions
B．Nikola: A New Near human Machine
C．How Can We Read Robots' Facial Expressions
D．An Android Kid Successfully Conveys Basic Emotions
Ⅳ．阅读七选五
Like it or love it，social media is a major part of life．Teens spend more than half of their waking hours online．They use some of that time to post pictures and create profiles on social media accounts． 1
Clicking on a thumbs up or a heart icon is an easy way to stay in touch． 2 Some social media sites use those likes to determine how many people eventually see a post．One with many likes is more likely to be seen—and to get even more likes．
What's more，viewing posts with a lot of likes activates the reward system in our brain． 3 For example，posts related to alcohol may encourage teens to drink．That means that what you like online has the power to influence not just what others like，but even what they do．
4 And not always in a good way．For example，in one 2011 study，teens doing a driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around．Researchers also looked at the teens' brains during this task．They saw activity in a part of the brain that's involved in rewards，which suggests the teens were changing their behavior to try to get social approval．
Joining social media can give people a sense of being in the know．But posts may exaggerate (夸大) how well our friends and others are feeling，making them appear much happier than we are． 5
A．It can also lower the viewer's self control．
B．A popular post doesn't necessarily mean it is a quality post．
C．It's no surprise：Feedback from peers affects how teens behave．
D．Their brains respond to those likes by turning on the reward center．
E．And that can，inappropriately，make us feel less successful than them．
F．But those “likes” can have power that goes beyond a simple connection．
G．Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family．
课时分层作业(四)
Ⅰ．1．security　2．switched　3．motivate　4．occupy　5．profile
Ⅱ．1．reliable　2．distractions　3．on　4．in　5．playing
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
B B A B D C D
Ⅳ．
1 2 3 4 5
G F A C E
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能手机对人们生活的影响，以及如何借鉴智能手机的思维方法来提高能源效率。
1．B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Traditionally，improvements in energy efficiency have mostly focused on individual devices，which can be quite fruitful．”和“Now with a smartphone，we don't need the standalone devices at all，because it can function as all of them．”可知，智能手机公司集成了很多单个设备的功能，更好地提高了能源效率，因此是环保的典范。]
2．B　[推理判断题。根据第三段内容“Traditionally，improvements in energy efficiency have mostly focused on individual devices，which can be quite fruitful．But focusing on individual devices is like a smartphone company had spent effort inventing a better alarm clock，a better CD player，a better calendar，and a better camera．Now with a smartphone，we don't need the standalone devices at all，because it can function as all of them．”可知，传统能源效率的提高主要集中在单个设备上，而像智能手机这样集成了很多单个设备功能的发明更好地提高了能源效率。由此推知，作者会认为能源改进的传统做法是过时的。]
3．A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The most energy efficient car or heater is no car，or no heater，while still being able to get around and stay warm．In other words，it's not thinking efficient，it's thinking different．”可知，文章最后告诉我们：要跳出思维的框框，要打破常规。由此推知，“Think out of the box．(跳出传统思维模式。)”是我们可以从这篇文章中学到的东西。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本RIKEN卫报机器人项目的研究人员制造了一个能够表达六种基本情绪的机器人儿童。这个机器人的名字叫Nikola，同时这项研究测试了人们如何识别悲伤、快乐、恐惧、愤怒、惊讶和厌恶的六种面部表情。
4．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inside Nikola's face are 29 pneumatic actuators that control the movements of artificial muscles． Another six actuators control head and eyeball movements． Pneumatic actuators are controlled by air pressure, which makes the movements silent and smooth．(在Nikola的脸内部有29个气动驱动器，控制人造肌肉的运动。另外六个驱动器控制头部和眼球的运动。气动阀由气压控制，使运动安静平稳。)”可知，Nikola的情绪变化是由气动阀来控制的，而气动阀由气压控制，由此可知，Nikola的情绪变化是由气压控制的。故选B。]
5．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“It is difficult to do a properly controlled experiment with live people interacting, but at the same time, looking at photos or videos of people is less natural, and reactions aren't the same． ‘The hope is that with androids like Nikola, we can have our cake and eat it too，’ says Sato． (要做一个适当控制的实验，让活生生的人互动是很困难的，但同时，观看人们的照片或视频就不那么自然了，反应也不一样。佐藤说：‘我们的希望是，有了像Nikola这样的机器人，我们可以have our cake and eat it too。’)”和“We can control every aspect of Nikola's behavior, and at the same time study live interactions．(我们可以控制Nikola行为的方方面面，同时研究现场互动。)”可知，Nikola让做可控的实验和现场互动成为可能，由此可知，“We can have our cake and eat it too”意思是我们可以做一个实时交互的对照实验。故选D。]
6．C　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“With that said, some emotions like disgust proved more difficult to identify due to Nikola's silicone skin being less elastic than real human skin．(尽管如此，由于Nikola硅胶皮肤的弹性不如真人皮肤，像厌恶这样的情绪更难辨别。)”可推知，Nikola需要改善它的皮肤材料。故选C。]
7．D　[标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Researchers from the RIKEN Guardian Robot Project in Japan have created an android child that can convey six basic emotions． The name of the android is Nikola, and the research behind its development tested how well people could identify the six facial expressions of sadness, happiness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust．(日本RIKEN的守护者机器人项目的研究人员制造了一个能够传达六种基本情绪的机器人儿童。这个机器人的名字叫Nikola，这项研究测试了人们如何识别悲伤、快乐、恐惧、愤怒、惊讶和厌恶的六种面部表情。)”可知，文章主要介绍了日本研究人员制造出一种能表达六种基本情绪的机器人儿童，D项“一个机器人孩子成功地传达了基本的情感”适合作文章标题。故选D。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交媒体是生活中的一部分及其对生活的影响。
1．G　[根据空前的“They use some of that time to post pictures and create profiles on social media accounts．”可知，此处讲述的是青少年们在社交媒体中所做的事情，G选项“Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family．”所描述的也是青少年在社交媒体中所做的事情，其中的they指代的内容与上文的teens一致。]
2．F　[根据空前的“Clicking on a thumbsup or a heart icon is an easy way to stay in touch．”可知，小红心或者大拇指是点赞的位置，空后的“Some social media sites use those likes to determine how many people eventually see a post．”可知，获赞的多少决定了有多少人关注帖子。由此可知，空处讲述的内容与“点赞”相关，F选项“But those ‘likes’ can have power that goes beyond a simple connection．”中的those “likes”内容与空前后内容吻合。故选F项。]
3．A　[根据空前的“What's more，viewing posts with a lot of likes activates the reward system in our brain．”可知，浏览帖子会激活大脑中的奖励体系，根据空后的“For example，posts related to alcohol may encourage teens to drink．”可知，与酒精相关的帖子可能会鼓励青少年饮酒。由此可知，空处的内容是看到的帖子对青少年的影响，A选项“It can also lower the viewer's selfcontrol．”讲述的是浏览帖子对青少年的影响，其中的it指代的是上文中的viewing posts，also为解题关键词，且内容与空前后一致。]
4．C　[根据空后的“And not always in a good way．”以及下文中的举例“For example，in one 2011 study，teens doing a driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around．”可知，本段讲述的是青少年朋友在身边的影响，而且影响不总是好的，C选项“It's no surprise：Feedback from peers affects how teens behave．”讲述的是来自同龄人的反馈对青少年行为的影响，与空后内容衔接合理，且与举例说明的内容吻合。故选C项。]
5．E　[根据空前的“But posts may exaggerate how well our friends and others are feeling，making them appear much happier than we are．”可知，帖子可能会使得他们看起来比我们更快乐，E选项“And that can，inappropriately，make us feel less successful than them．”中描述的内容与空前内容相对应，且其中的代词them以及us与空前内容指代一致。]
1/1

展开更多......

收起↑