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辽宁省部分高中2025-2026学年高二上学期开学
英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Camping in New York’s State ParksReservation & Rental Fees
·Reservation Fee: $7.25.
·Campsite Rate: $15 per night. Out-of-state residents will pay an extra $5 per night for campsites. Cancellations
·Cancelling 8 days or more before arrival: The costs you are expected to cover include the reservation fee $7.25 plus the cancellation fee $7.25.
·Cancelling 7 days or less before arrival: The costs you are expected to cover include the reservation fee $7.25 and the cancellation fee $7.25, plus the fee of the first night’s campsites. General Rules and Information
·Reservations can be made 9 months in advance. Same-day reservations will be allowed until 3 pm on the day of arrival.
·Check In: 3 pm. The sites must be registered by 9 pm on the first night of the reservation.
·Check Out: Campers must leave their sites no later than 11 am on the day of leaving.
·14 continuous nights at most per stay.
·Rubbish must be placed in trash bags. Too much rubbish on sites may result in fees charged to the permit holder. Camper Assistance Programme (CAP)
CAP volunteers serve in various ways.
·Welcoming campers and helping enrich their camping experience.
·Familiarizing campers with park programmes and rules.
·Checking facilities.
CAP volunteers serve for at least two or at most four weeks. They are on duty for five days per week, including weekends and holidays. In return for their service, they receive a free camping site during their duty. Additional campers who come with the volunteer can enjoy the same treatment.
1．How much should an out-of-state resident pay if he cancels two days before check-in
A．$7.25. B．$14.5. C．$29.5. D．$34.5.
2．What is a must for campers
A．Booking a site in advance. B．Paying for the removal of rubbish.
C．Arranging for an early morning checkin. D．Checking out before 11 am when leaving.
3．What do we know about CAP volunteers
A．They are required to take a helper. B．They are expected to examine facilities.
C．They must work for at least four weeks. D．They need to organise park programmes.
When Mayumi Watanabe tells people what she does for a living, most people widen their eyes in disbelief, not just because she is quite tiny. “I can see they’re thinking, ‘How can such a tiny woman drive a big truck ’ ” Watanabe, who is 152 cm tall, said as she prepared for the busy run-up to be a truck driver.
When she started driving her truck, Watanabe was an exception, as all her co-workers were men. Figuring out routes in the days before E-maps was not the only aspect of the job with which she struggled. Expressway truck stops did not have women’s toilets, and heavy-vehicle cabs appeared to have been designed entirely with male drivers in mind.
Watanabe is now a director of Heartful, the first among Japan’s 62, 000 trucking firms to employ only female drivers. Japan’s $300 bn freight and logistics (货运和物流) field is looking to women to address what industry insiders believe could be disastrous changes in the aging labour market.
In an attempt to make trucking, with its punishingly long hours, more attractive, the Japanese government will limit drivers’ overtime at 960 hours a year, or 80 hours a month, from April. However, transport companies warn that it will cause an outflow from a job in which most drivers depend on large amounts of overtime to make ends meet. But for Watanabe, there are also signs of a bright side in the industry.
In the two decades that Watanabe, 43, has been driving trucks around her company’s base in Fukui, toilet facilities have improved, while improved seat design and steering (操纵) technology have made her job much easier. With more women driving large trucks, companies are starting to customize their vehicles to better suit them, including fitting cabs with curtains to give the drivers more privacy during rest breaks.
Watanabe’s extra hours will fall sharply from April. “A lot of drivers will just quit,” she said. But she has no intention of joining them. “Driving gives me a sense of freedom.”
4．What aspect of Mayumi Watanabe surprises people the most
A．Her great enthusiasm for trucks. B．Her positive attitude towards life.
C．Her busy schedule at the end of the year. D．Her presence in a male-centered profession.
5．What did Watanabe struggle to do in her daily work
A．Develop competence in driving a truck. B．Get along well with her male co-workers.
C．Fit into the uncomfortable working conditions. D．Determine driving routes through digital maps.
6．What is the significance of women in Japan’s freight and logistics industry
A．They help ease the labour shortage. B．They improve customer satisfaction.
C．They promote equality in the workplace. D．They contribute to better labour management.
7．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Technological advancements in trucking. B．Benefits of having more women in trucking.
C．Positive changes made in the trucking industry. D．Reasonable demands from women truck drivers.
On the beaches, in the deepest reaches of the backcountry — even nearly 100 feet underwater, the noise of navy training jets (喷气式飞机) is unbearable for people and even endangered southern residents — tiger whales, a new scientific research shows.
In a paper published in the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, scientists reported an underwater microphone fixed in nearly 100 feet of water offshore of the runway at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Washington, clearly picked up the sound of the jets, at levels known to affect tiger whales’ behaviour. “To the tiger whales at that depth, the noise is about as loud as a ship 650 feet away,” said Rob Williams, lead scientist and an author on the paper.
Tiger whales use sound to find food, so underwater noise can affect their ability to get enough to eat. Lauren Kuehne, lead author on the paper, said she was surprised at just how clear the jet noise was even deep underwater, showing the noise easily spreads to depths where Chinook Salmon, the tiger whales’primary prey (猎物) , are often found. “Mentally I was prepared for noise, but not for that; it was clear as a bell. It has given me a whole new appreciation. We don’t use our ears the way animals do. For them, it is life and death,” said Kuehne.
The number and duration of daily overflights, the team stressed, also outnumber those in a majority of studies that have dug into the impacts of noise from military aircraft, worldwide.
Williams said the study demolishes the assumption that the noise of the jets doesn’t travel underwater. “The original understanding is that the noise is going to bounce off the ocean,” Williams said. “Here we show it doesn't. The sound goes underwater. We have shown that it is noisy, and noisy enough to require paying attention to.”
8．How did researchers confirm the effect of the noise on tiger whales
A．By adjusting the sound of jets. B．By collecting noise underwater.
C．By observing tiger whales’ behaviour. D．By picking up tiger whales’ brainwaves.
9．Why is underwater noise dangerous to tiger whales
A．It scares off their natural prey. B．It affects their hunting activity.
C．It destroys their sense of hearing. D．It makes them nervous underwater.
10．What does the underlined word “demolishes” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Overturns. B．Updates. C．Explains. D．Justifies.
11．What’s the best title for the text
A．Irregular Airplane Noise B．Underwater Species Protection
C．Unknown Underwater Sound D．Non-ignorable Undersea Annoyance
Ever since Neil Alden Armstrong took one small step onto the moon, moon dust has proved to be a messy problem for astronauts, gathering on their spacesuits and being difficult to clean off. Scientists have come up with a new solution to this problem.
For their experiment, researchers dressed Barbie dolls in spacesuits constructed of materials similar to what NASA uses. Then they covered the spacesuits these dolls wore with a moon dust replacement — volcanic ash, collected from the 1980 eruption of nearby Mount Saint Helens in America, which is similar to moon dust. Then the team sprayed (喷) the dolls with liquid nitrogen (氮) to test how well liquid nitrogen could remove moon dust from the spacesuits.
They found that spraying the spacesuit-wearing dolls with liquid nitrogen not only removed more than 98% of the moon dust replacement but also caused little to no damage to the spacesuit material. This proved to be a better solution than the traditional method: Apollo programme astronauts would use brushes to wipe off moon dust from their spacesuits, which would eventually severely damage the material.
Not only is moon dust annoyingly clingy (黏附的) , but coming into contact with it can prove harmful to human cells and can lead to an illness that causes watery eyes, a sore throat and sneezing. “Moon dust is harmful, and it gets everywhere,” said Ian Wells, head of the research team. “It can work its way into spacesuits and make them unusable. It can also have a negative impact on astronauts’ lungs. That’s not exactly something astronauts would want to deal with while conducting an already risky mission to the moon.”
Ian Wells’s team presented their findings to NASA as part of their upcoming mission to the moon and they won the space agency’s Breakthrough, Innovative and Game-Changing (BIG) Idea Challenge.
“We used the doll primarily because it’s a one-sixth-scale person,” Wells said. “However, it was also chosen as the Artemis mission, aiming to send the first woman to the moon.”
12．What’s the new solution to the moon dust on spacesuits
A．Wiping it off with brushes. B．Changing the material of spacesuits.
C．Covering spacesuits with volcanic ash. D．Spraying liquid nitrogen on spacesuits.
13．Why is the new moon dust removal method better than the traditional one
A．It costs much less. B．It uses devices easier to carry.
C．It almost does no harm to spacesuits. D．It is friendlier to the space environment.
14．What does paragraph 4 want to stress concerning moon dust
A．Its research value. B．Its severe harmfulness.
C．Its physical feature. D．Its formation process.
15．What might be NASA’s attitude towards Wells’ team’s findings
A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Supportive.
When it comes to work, every one of us could be under pressure such as tight deadlines, busy work schedules, low salaries, etc. 16 But don’t worry. The following ways may help you deal with them in the workplace without making you crazy.
Build your self-confidence. A successful person is the one who does not let one failure stop him or her from moving forward. Therefore, do not feel down when you are facing a failure in the workplace. 17 You should always believe in yourself and give yourself a second chance.
Do not fear gossip (流言蜚语). 18 For that, some people may gossip about you.
Don’t be upset. Just ignore what they say about your failures because there are some people who try to make others feel down even though they make thousands of mistakes themselves. What you need to do is learn from your mistakes.
19 You have to face failures when you fail to meet your promises. Therefore, whether it is your boss or your customers, do not promise the things that you cannot complete within the given time. However, give them the assurance that you will try your best to solve the problem as soon as possible.
Treat each failure as an opportunity. Learn to admit your shortcomings, as this is the only way that you can avoid being affected by failures. Treat the failure as an opportunity that is given to you to adjust your style of working. 20
A．Promise what you can deliver.
B．Cheer up, learn from it and move forward.
C．And sometimes, you may even face failures or criticism.
D．You may have been criticized by your leader for your mistakes.
E．Listen to their experiences and learn how they handled their failures.
F．And keep in mind that every failure teaches you to become a better person.
G．If you are unable to complete a project, find out the reasons behind the failure.
二、完形填空
Einstein was not only the outstanding scientist of the 20th century, but also a gifted and enthusiastic(满腔热忱的) musician. He once said that if he hadn’t been a scientist, he would have been a 21 . “Life without playing music is unthinkable for me,” he said. “I get most 22 in life out of music.”
Einstein’s mother was a talented pianist who 23 music to life in the family home. Einstein began to learn the 24 at the age of six, however, he worked hard until he 25 the joys of Mozart’s sonatas(奏鸣曲) at the age of 13. From that 26 on, although he had no further lessons, his violin 27 his companion（伴侣）.
When Einstein moved to Aarau in Switzerland in 1895 to complete his schooling, he seemed to have 28 much of his time to music. Just before his 17th birthday, Einstein played at the music 29 in the school, the examiner reported that “a student called Einstein shone in the 30 felt performance of one of the Beethoven sonatas”. In addition to his great 31 in playing the violin, he also played the piano and, 32 , loved to improvise（即兴创作）.
In late life, Einstein’s reputation(声誉) as a physicist often led to 33 to perform at benefit concerts, which he generally accepted happily. Probably the 34 of the violinist Einstein that comes nearest to the mark comes from his friend Janos Plesch,who wrote “There are many musicians with much 35 skills, but none, I believe, who ever played with more sincerity or deeper feeling.”
21．A．physician B．musician C．politician D．reporter
22．A．joy B．money C．idea D．energy
23．A．played B．sent C．create D．brought
24．A．violin B．piano C．knowledge D．game
25．A．loved B．tracked C．discovered D．confirmed
26．A．location B．space C．access D．point
27．A．turned B．remained C．appeared D．seemed
28．A．devoted B．spent C．lost D．wasted
29．A．performance B．presentation C．exhibition D．examination
30．A．hardly B．deeply C．carelessly D．honestly
31．A．skill B．patience C．care D．courage
32．A．after all B．in particular C．at large D．by accident
33．A．contributions B．applications C．invitations D．prizes
34．A．reaction B．destination C．summary D．instruction
35．A．broader B．funnier C．wilder D．better
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dragon Head-raising Day is celebrated on the second day of the second Chinese lunar month 36 (show) respect for the dragon and pray for good weather for farming and big harvest, 37 is considered as the start of spring and farming. Dragon Head-raising Day has relation with spring and farming. After the cold winter, spring comes and animals are 38 (wake) , but because of the winter, the weather is dry and farming lacks water. To this climate phenomenon, there is a folk saying that 39 will rain when the dragon raise its head.
On that day, there 40 (be) lots of conventional celebration activities. First, in the early morning, every family would light a lantern and go to a river or a well to fetch water and back home, then light 41 (candle) , burn incense (香) sticks and offer a sacrifice. Second, people would go to a temple 42 honour of the dragon. Third, it is to have a haircut, which 43 (view) as a sign of good luck. A saying tells that having a haircut on this day, you would be energetic in the whole year. 44 (final) , there is a thing about eating: eating long and thin noodles 45 (call) Longxumian (Dragon Beard Noodles) which has a symbolic meaning-a long life expectancy.
四、书信写作
46．假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter得知你所在的城市将举办一个中学生国画作品展览，特来信向你询问相关事宜。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1.展览的时间和地点；
2.展览的内容；
3.参观时的注意事项。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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《辽宁省部分高中2025-2026学年高二上学期开学英语试题》参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 D D B D C A C B B A
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 D D C B D C B D A F
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 B A D A C D B A D B
题号 31 32 33 34 35
答案 A B C C D
1．D 2．D 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在纽约州立公园露营的相关信息，包括预订和租赁费用、取消政策、一般规则和信息以及露营者援助计划。
1．细节理解题。根据Reservation & Rental Fees部分中“Campsite Rate: $15 per night. Out-of-state residents will pay an extra $5 per night for campsites.(露营地价格：每晚15美元。州外居民将为露营地每晚额外支付5美元)”可知外州居民每晚营地费为15+5=20美元；根据Cancellations部分中“Cancelling 7 days or less before arrival: The costs you are expected to cover include the reservation fee $7.25 and the cancellation fee $7.25, plus the fee of the first night’s campsites.(抵达前7天或更短时间内取消：您需要支付的费用包括预订费7.25美元和取消费7.25美元，外加第一晚的营地费)”可知，取消政策中说明抵达前7天或更短时间内取消需支付预订费7.25美元、取消费7.25美元以及第一晚的营地费。那么外州居民在抵达前两日取消需支付7.25+7.25+20=34.5美元。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据General Rules and Information部分中“Check Out: Campers must leave their sites no later than 11 am on the day of leaving.(退房：露营者必须在离开当天的上午11点之前离开他们的营地)”可知，露营者必须在离开当天的上午11点之前离开他们的营地，这是必须遵守的规定。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据Camper Assistance Programme (CAP)部分中“Checking facilities.(检查设施)”可知，CAP志愿者需要检查设施。故选B项。
4．D 5．C 6．A 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了日本第一位女性卡车司机Watanabe的从业经历和日本货运物流领域女性从业人员的情况。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“When Mayumi Watanabe tells people what she does for a living, most people widen their eyes in disbelief, not just because she is quite tiny. “I can see they’re thinking, ‘How can such a tiny woman drive a big truck ’ ” Watanabe, who is 152 cm tall, said as she prepared for the busy run-up to be a truck driver. (当Mayumi Watanabe告诉别人她的工作时，大多数人都会睁大眼睛，不相信，不仅仅是因为她个子很小。‘我能看出他们在想：这么娇小的女人怎么能开大卡车呢？’152厘米高的Watanabe在准备忙着去做卡车司机时说道)”可知，Watanabe是娇小的女性，但她是卡车司机，这原本是男性主导的职业。所以当人们得知Watanabe的工作是卡车司机时，大多数人都会感到惊讶，因为Watanabe出现在以男性为主的职业中。故选D项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Figuring out routes in the days before E-maps was not the only aspect of the job with which she struggled. Expressway truck stops did not have women’s toilets, and heavy-vehicle cabs appeared to have been designed entirely with male drivers in mind.(在电子地图出现之前，弄清楚路线并不是她努力工作的唯一方面。 高速公路上的卡车停靠站没有女厕所，而且重型车辆的驾驶室似乎完全是为男性司机设计的)”可知，Watanabe在日常工作中要努力适应不舒服的工作环境。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Japan’s $300 bn freight and logistics (货运和物流) field is looking to women to address what industry insiders believe could be disastrous changes in the aging labour market.(日本3000亿美元的货运和物流领域正在寻求女性来解决业内人士认为可能是劳动力市场老龄化所带来的灾难性变化)”可知，日本货运和物流领域正在寻求女性来解决劳动力市场老龄化所带来的问题，由此可推知，女性在日本货运和物流行业中的意义在于她们有助于缓解劳动力短缺的问题。故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。根据第五段“In the two decades that Watanabe, 43, has been driving trucks around her company’s base in Fukui, toilet facilities have improved, while improved seat design and steering (操纵) technology have made her job much easier. With more women driving large trucks, companies are starting to customize their vehicles to better suit them, including fitting cabs with curtains to give the drivers more privacy during rest breaks.(43岁的Watanabe在过去的二十年里一直在福井的公司基地周围开卡车，那里的厕所设施得到了改善，同时座椅设计和驾驶技术的改进也让她的工作变得更加轻松。随着越来越多的女性驾驶大型卡车，公司开始定制车辆以更好地适应她们，包括在驾驶室安装窗帘，以便司机在休息时有更多的隐私)”可知，本段主要讲述了在越来越多的女性加入卡车司机行列后，卡车行业所做出的积极改变，如厕所设施的改善、座椅设计和驾驶技术的改进以及公司开始定制车辆以适应女性司机等。所以本段主要讲述的是卡车运输业的积极变化。故选C项。
8．B 9．B 10．A 11．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了水下噪音对虎鲸的影响。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“In a paper published in the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, scientists reported an underwater microphone fixed in nearly 100 feet of water offshore of the runway at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Washington, clearly picked up the sound of the jets, at levels known to affect tiger whales’ behaviour. “To the tiger whales at that depth, the noise is about as loud as a ship 650 feet away,” said Rob Williams, lead scientist and an author on the paper. ”（在《海洋科学与工程杂志》上发表的一篇论文中，科学家们报告说，在华盛顿惠德贝岛海军航空站跑道离岸近100英尺的水中，安装了一个水下麦克风，清楚地捕捉到了喷气式飞机的声音，这种声音的水平已知会影响虎鲸的行为。“对于那个深度的虎鲸来说，噪音大约和650英尺外的船只一样大，”该论文的首席科学家和作者罗布·威廉姆斯说。）可知，研究人员通过放置水下麦克风收集水下噪音来确认噪音对虎鲸的影响。故选B项。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“Tiger whales use sound to find food, so underwater noise can affect their ability to get enough to eat.”（虎鲸用声音来寻找食物，所以水下的噪音会影响它们获得足够食物的能力。）可知，水下的噪音会影响虎鲸获得足够食物的能力，从而影响它们的捕猎活动，故而对它们很危险。故选B项。
10．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Williams said the study demolishes the assumption that the noise of the jets doesn’t travel underwater. “The original understanding is that the noise is going to bounce off the ocean,” Williams said. “Here we show it doesn't. The sound goes underwater. We have shown that it is noisy, and noisy enough to require paying attention to.””（威廉姆斯说，这项研究demolishes喷气式飞机的噪音不会在水下传播的假设。“最初的理解是，噪音会从海洋中反弹，”威廉姆斯说。“在这里，我们证明它不是。声音在水下传播。我们已经证明它很吵，吵到需要引起注意。”）可知，之前的假设认为噪音会从海洋中反弹，即噪音不会在水下传播，但这项研究证明噪音会在水下传播，说明这项研究推翻了之前的假设。故demolishes表示“推翻”。故选A项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“On the beaches, in the deepest reaches of the backcountry — even nearly 100 feet underwater, the noise of navy training jets is unbearable for people and even endangered southern residents — tiger whales, a new scientific research shows. ”（一项新的科学研究表明，在海滩上，在偏远地区的最深处——甚至在水下近100英尺处，海军训练的喷气式飞机的噪音对人们甚至是濒临灭绝的南部居民虎鲸来说都是难以忍受的。）及最后一段“We have shown that it is noisy, and noisy enough to require paying attention to.”（我们已经证明了它是嘈杂的，并且嘈杂到需要引起注意。）并结合研究证明水下噪音对虎鲸的影响可知，本文主要介绍了喷气式飞机的噪音会在水下传播，并提醒我们要对水下噪音引起重视。故D项“不可忽视的海底烦恼”可概括文章主旨。故选D项。
12．D 13．C 14．B 15．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家针对宇航员太空服上月尘难以清理的问题提出了一种新的解决方案，并说明了这种新方法比传统方法更优越的原因，以及月尘对宇航员的危害。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Then the team sprayed (喷) the dolls with liquid nitrogen (氮) to test how well liquid nitrogen could remove moon dust from the spacesuits.(然后，研究小组向这些玩偶喷洒液态氮，以测试液态氮清除太空服上月尘的效果如何。)”和第三段中“They found that spraying the spacesuit-wearing dolls with liquid nitrogen not only removed more than 98% of the moon dust replacement but also caused little to no damage to the spacesuit material.(他们发现，向穿着太空服的玩偶喷洒液态氮不仅能清除98%以上的月尘替代品，而且对太空服材料几乎没有造成任何损害。)”可知，新的解决方案是在太空服上喷洒液态氮。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This proved to be a better solution than the traditional method: Apollo programme astronauts would use brushes to wipe off moon dust from their spacesuits, which would eventually severely damage the material.(这证明是一个比传统方法更好的解决方案：阿波罗计划的宇航员会用刷子擦掉太空服上的月尘，这最终会严重损坏材料。)”可知，新的月尘清理方法比传统方法更好是因为它几乎不会对太空服造成损害。故选C项。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Not only is moon dust annoyingly clingy (黏附的), but coming into contact with it can prove harmful to human cells and can lead to an illness that causes watery eyes, a sore throat and sneezing.(月尘不仅令人讨厌地粘附，而且与之接触可能对人体细胞有害，并可能导致一种引起流泪、喉咙痛和打喷嚏的疾病。)”可知，本段主要强调月尘的严重危害性。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Ian Wells’s team presented their findings to NASA as part of their upcoming mission to the moon and they won the space agency’s Breakthrough, Innovative and Game-Changing (BIG) Idea Challenge.(Ian Wells的团队将他们的发现提交给NASA，作为他们即将执行的登月任务的一部分，并赢得了NASA的突破性、创新性和改变游戏规则(BIG)创意挑战奖。)”可知，NASA授予了Ian Wells团队的发现创意挑战奖，说明持NASA对其持支持态度。故选D项。
16．C 17．B 18．D 19．A 20．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍如何在职场中应对压力、失败和流言蜚语，以保持积极的心态和高效的工作状态。
16．空前“When it comes to work, every one of us could be under pressure such as tight deadlines, busy work schedules, low salaries, etc.(说到工作，我们每个人都可能面临压力，比如紧迫的截止日期、繁忙的工作日程、低工资等等。)”提到了我们在工作中可能面对的压力的来源，空格处应该补充说明还有什么压力的来源，C选项“And sometimes, you may even face failures or criticism.(有时，你甚至可能面临失败或批评。)”说明了压力的来源可能是失败或批评，因此C选项承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
17．空前“A successful person is the one who does not let one failure stop him or her from moving forward. Therefore, do not feel down when you are facing a failure in the workplace.(成功的人是不会让一次失败阻止自己前进的人。因此，当你在职场面临失败时，不要感到沮丧。)”说明不要因为一次失败而沮丧，空格处应该说正确的做法是什么，B选项“Cheer up, learn from it and move forward.(振作起来，从中吸取教训，继续前进。)”说明了要从失败中吸取教训，继续前进，其中的it指代的是前面的a failure，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
18．空后“For that, some people may gossip about you.(因此，有些人可能会说你的闲话。)”说明因为空前所说的事情，有些人可能会说你的闲话，空格处应该讲到可能引起人说闲话的事情，D选项“You may have been criticized by your leader for your mistakes.(你可能因为自己的错误而受到领导的批评。)”说明自己可能会受到领导的批评，这是一种可能引起人说闲话的事情，因此D选项承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
19．空格处是本段主题句，由空后的“You have to face failures when you fail to meet your promises. Therefore, whether it is your boss or your customers, do not promise the things that you cannot complete within the given time.(当你无法实现你的承诺时，你必须面对失败。因此，无论是你的老板还是你的客户，都不要承诺在规定时间内完成不了的事情。)”说明了不要承诺自己在规定时间内完成不了的事情，A选项“Promise what you can deliver.(承诺你能做到的。)”说明了要承诺自己能做到的，概括了本段主要内容，可作为本段主题句，故选A。
20．空前“Treat the failure as an opportunity that is given to you to adjust your style of working.(把失败看作是给你调整工作方式的机会。)”说明了要如何看待失败，F选项“And keep in mind that every failure teaches you to become a better person.(记住，每一次失败都教你成为一个更好的人。)”也是对失败的正确看法，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
21．B 22．A 23．D 24．A 25．C 26．D 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．B 31．A 32．B 33．C 34．C 35．D
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述科学家爱因斯坦还是一名有天赋的音乐家，讲述他对音乐的热爱以及音乐技巧的高超。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他曾经说过，如果他不是一个科学家，他可能会成为一个音乐家。A. physician内科医生；B. musician音乐家；C. politician政治家；D. reporter记者。根据上文“Einstein was not only the outstanding scientist of the 20th century, but also a gifted and enthusiastic(满腔热忱的) musician.”可知，应该是音乐家，故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：音乐是我生活中最大的乐趣。A. joy乐趣；B. money钱；C. idea想法；D. energy精力。根据上文“Life without playing music is unthinkable for me”，可推断音乐是我生活中最大的乐趣。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：爱因斯坦的母亲是一位才华横溢的钢琴家，她把音乐带给了家庭生活。A. played演奏；B. sent派遣；C. create创造；D. brought带来。根据上文“Einstein’s mother was a talented pianist”，可知是爱因斯坦的母亲把音乐带到了家庭生活中，故选D。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：爱因斯坦在六岁时开始学习小提琴，然而，他努力学习，直到他在13岁的时候发现莫扎特奏鸣曲的乐趣。A. violin小提琴；B. piano钢琴；C. knowledge知识；D. game游戏。根据下文“although he had no further lessons, his violin 　　7　　 his companion（伴侣）.” 可知，本句中应是小提琴，故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. loved热爱；B. tracked跟踪；C. discovered发现；D. confirmed确认。同前文中音乐是他生活中最大的乐趣相呼应，所以发现乐趣符合语境，故选C。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，尽管他没有再上小提琴课，但他的小提琴一直陪伴着他。A. location位置；B. space空间；C. access入口；D. point时刻。根据上文“until he 　　5　　 the joys of Mozart’s sonatas(奏鸣曲) at the age of 13.”，可知是从那个时刻起，小提琴一直陪伴他，故选D。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. turned变成；B. remained保持；C. appeared出现；D. seemed似乎。根据上文“although he had no further lessons”，可知上下文是转折关系，所以是他的小提琴一直陪伴着他。故选B。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1895年，爱因斯坦搬到瑞士阿劳完成学业，他似乎在音乐上投入了大量时间。A. devoted投入；B. spent花费；C. lost失去；D. wasted浪费。根据下文“much of his time to music”，可知是投入大量的时间，并且devote…to，意为“贡献给……”，根据语意，故选A。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在他17岁生日之前，爱因斯坦在学校的音乐考试中演奏，考官报告说，“一个叫爱因斯坦的学生在演奏贝多芬奏鸣曲时表现得非常出色。”A. performance表演；B. presentation介绍；C. exhibition展览；D. examination考试。 根据下文的“the examiner”，可知应该是音乐考试，故选D。
30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. hardly几乎不；B. deeply深刻地；C. carelessly粗心地；D. honestly诚实地。根据下文的“In addition to his great 　　11　　 in playing the violin, he also played the piano”，可知是表演的非常出色，是给人深刻印象地表演，更符合语境，故选B。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了小提琴的高超技巧外，他还弹钢琴，尤其喜欢即兴创作。A. skill技巧；B. patience耐心；C. care关心；D. courage勇气。根据下文“he also played the piano and, 　　12　　, loved to improvise（即兴创作）.”，可知本句是在赞扬爱因斯坦的音乐技巧，故选A。
32．考查固定短语辨析。句意：同上。A. after all毕竟；B. in particular尤其；C. at large一般说来；D. by accident偶然地。根据上文“In addition to his great 　　11　　 in playing the violin, he also played the piano”，可知是赞扬爱因斯坦的音乐技巧，“尤其”更符合语境，故选B。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在晚年，爱因斯坦作为物理学家的声誉经常使他受邀在慈善音乐会表演，他通常很高兴地接受了邀请。A. contributions贡献；B. applications申请；C. invitations邀请；D. prizes奖品。根据下文“perform at benefit concerts”，可知是受邀请去演奏，故选C。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许最接近爱因斯坦的总结来自他的朋友Janos Plesch，他写道：“有很多音乐家的技巧比他好得多，但我相信，没有一个人的演奏比他更真诚或更有感情。”A. reaction反应；B. destination目的地；C. summary总结；D. instruction说明。根据下文“There are many musicians with much 　　15　　 skills, but none, I believe, who ever played with more sincerity or deeper feeling.”，可知是对爱因斯坦对音乐的热爱的总结，故选C。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. broader较广泛的；B. funnier更滑稽的；C. wilder更狂热的；D. better更好的。本句中是爱因斯坦和其他音乐家技巧的比较，并且前后转折关系，所以应该是更好的，故选D。
36．to show 37．which 38．awake 39．it 40．are 41．candles 42．in 43．is viewed 44．Finally 45．called
【导游】本文是说明文。文章介绍了龙抬头节，中国的农历二月二的风俗传统和庆祝方式。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：龙抬头节在中国农历二月的第二天庆祝，以表示对龙的尊敬，祈求农业好天气和大丰收，被认为是春天和农业的开始。分析句子可知，本空要用动词不定式to show作目的状语。故填to show。
37．考查定语从句。句意：龙抬头节在中国农历二月的第二天庆祝，以表示对龙的尊敬，祈求农业好天气和大丰收，被认为是春天和农业的开始。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的Dragon Head-raising Day，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which，故填which。
38．考查形容词。句意：寒冷的冬天过后，春天来了，动物们醒了，但因为冬天，天气是干燥的，农业缺水。根据本空前的系动词are可知，此处应该填形容词，构成系表结构，动词wake表“醒来”，其同根形容词是awake“醒着的”。故填awake。
39．考查代词。句意：对于这种气候现象，又一个民间谚语说龙抬起头就会下雨。根据句意，此处用it指代天气。故填it。
40．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在那一天，有很多传统的庆祝活动。there be句型中的谓语动词单复数一般采用“就近原则”，与后面的名词保持人称和数的一致，后面的中心词是activities，所以要填复数形式，描述一般事实用一般现在时，故填are。
41．考查名词单复数。句意：首先，在清晨，每个家庭都会点燃灯笼，去河边或井里取水回家，然后点燃蜡烛，烧香，献祭。candle是可数名词，根据句意，句中指很多蜡烛，应用复数形式。故填candles。
42．考查介词和固定短语。句意：第二，人们会去寺庙来纪念龙。in honour of是常见的介词短语，意为“向……表示敬意”。故填in。
43．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：第三，要理发，这被视为好运的标志。根据本空前的is to have可知，此处要用一般现在时；关系代词which引导定语从句，指代主句中“have a haircut”这种行为，视为单数，与从句谓语动词view是被动关系，此处要用被动语态来表示“剃头被认为是好运的一个标志”，故填is viewed。
44．考查副词。句意：最后，关于吃有一种说法：吃又长又细的叫做龙须面的面条，这种面条有一个象征意义——长寿。本空要用副词finally，修饰整个句子作状语，意为“最后”，另外，句首单词首字母大写。故填Finally。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，关于吃有一种说法：吃又长又细的叫做龙须面的面条，这种面条有一个象征意义——长寿。分析句子可知，call作定语修饰名词noodles，是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语noodles构成被动关系，所以要用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。
46．Dear Peter,
You asked me about information on the Middle School Students’ Art Exhibition to be held in your last letter and the following is a brief introduction.
The exhibition, the theme of which is “Amazing China”, will take place from next Monday to Friday in the exhibition hall located on the third floor of the City Museum. Some extraordinary artworks created by the middle school students will be displayed, including Chinese paintings, photography as well as delicate craftworks.
By the way, photos are not permitted to take during the visit. It is also bad manners to talk loudly in the museum.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Peter回信，介绍中学生国画作品展览的情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
询问：ask→inquire
举行：hold→host
主题：theme→topic
展示：display→exhibit
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Some extraordinary artworks created by the middle school students will be displayed, including Chinese paintings, photography as well as delicate craftworks.
拓展句：Some extraordinary artworks, which were created by the middle school students, will be displayed, including Chinese paintings, photography as well as delicate craftworks.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The exhibition, the theme of which is “Amazing China”, will take place from next Monday to Friday in the exhibition hall located on the third floor of the City Museum. (运用了介词+关系代词结构定语从句)
[高分句型2] Some extraordinary artworks created by the middle school students will be displayed, including Chinese paintings, photography as well as delicate craftworks. (运用了过去分词作定语)
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