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广东省深圳市福田区2024-2025学年七年级下学期期末学业质量监测英语试卷
（2025七下·福田期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
My grandma never went to school. When she was young, her family was too 1． to send her to school, so it is a lifetime dream for her to know how to read and write. As a grandmother of eight children, she always 2． them to study hard. She believes that without education, it's 3． to do anything.
4． , her children did not let her down. One after another, they grew up and went to university. Before the first granddaughter left for study, grandma 5． a gift for her. It was a pillow (枕头) filled with buckwheat hulls(荞麦壳).
I 6． the gift. "Grandma, young people buy new-type pillows. They're modern, soft and nice," I said. "Why do you spend a whole day making it It's such a waste of your 7． and it doesn't look good."
Grandma said nothing but kept working until it was done. When she gave the pillow to her granddaughter, she gently told her, "Nothing can compare to a good night's 8． ."
From then on, it became a family 9． . Every child got a homemade buckwheat hull pillow from grandma when leaving for study.
Years passed. One day, I saw a TV ad(广告) for an expensive pillow. I felt 10． as it was just like my grandma's—filled with buckwheat hulls. I smiled. My grandma's words came back to me, "Sleep well and live well."
1．A． small B． poor C． strict D． busy
2．A． encourages B． leads C． invites D． allows
3．A． convenient B． possible C． difficult D． harmful
4．A． Safely B． Luckily C． Blindly D． Strangely
5．A． chose B． drew C． bought D． made
6．A． threw away B． asked for C． laughed at D． dreamed of
7．A． effort B． money C． respect D． space
8．A． snack B． story C． kiss D． sleep
9．A． tradition B． power C． interest D． business
10．A． angry B． sad C． surprised D． relaxed
【答案】1．B；2．A；3．C；4．B；5．D；6．C；7．A；8．D；9．A；10．C
【知识点】记叙文；家庭成员介绍；家庭生活；自我认识；自我提升
【解析】【分析】文章大意： 奶奶因穷未上学，深知教育重要，常鼓励子孙。孩子们都考上大学，奶奶为上学的孙辈做荞麦壳枕头作礼物，"我"起初不解，后经广告醒悟，这枕头成了家族传统 。
【点评】考查完形填空。考查对文章整体的理解能力、对词汇的辨析能力、根据上下文推理判断的能力以及答题技巧等。在做题时，要通读全文，了解文章大意，然后根据语境和选项含义进行选择，最后再通读全文，检查答案是否合理。
1．句意：当她年轻的时候，她的家庭太穷，不能送她去上学。A. small小的；B. poor贫穷的；C. strict严格的；D. busy忙碌的。根据"to send her to school"（送她去上学）以及"a lifetime dream for her to know how to read and write"（读书写字成了她一生的梦想），可知家庭太穷送不起她上学。故答案为：B。
2．句意：作为八个孩子的祖母，她总是鼓励 他们努力学习。A. encourages鼓励；B. leads带领；C. invites邀请；D. allows允许。根据"She believes that without education, it's 3 to do anything."（她认为没有教育，做任何事都很困难），可知她总是鼓励孩子们努力学习。故答案为：A。
3．句意：她认为没有教育，做任何事都是困难的 。A. convenient方便的；B. possible可能的；C. difficult困难的；D. harmful有害的。根据前文奶奶因没钱无法上学，可知她认为没有教育，做任何事都很困难。故答案为：C。
4．句意： 很幸运，她的孩子们没有让她失望。A. Safely安全地；B. Luckily幸运地；C. Blindly盲目地；D. Strangely奇怪地。根据"her children did not let her down"（她的孩子们没有让她失望），可知这是幸运的。故答案为：B。
5．句意：在第一个孙女去上学前，奶奶为她制作 一个礼物。A. chose选择；B. drew画；C. bought买；D. made制作。根据后文"Why do you spend a whole day making it "（你为什么花一整天做这个？），可知奶奶是制作了一个礼物。故答案为：D。
6．句意：我嘲笑 这个礼物。A. threw away扔掉；B. asked for要求；C. laughed at嘲笑；D. dreamed of梦想。根据"Grandma, young people buy new-type pillows. They're modern, soft and nice"（奶奶，年轻人买新型枕头。它们很现代，柔软又好看），可知"我"嘲笑这个礼物。故答案为：C。
7．句意：这是浪费你的努力 ，而且看起来不好看。A. effort努力；B. money钱；C. respect尊重；D. space空间。根据"Why do you spend a whole day making it "（你为什么花一整天做这个？），可知这是浪费奶奶的努力。故答案为：A。
8．句意：没有什么能比得上一个好的夜晚的睡眠 。A. snack小吃；B. story故事；C. kiss亲吻；D. sleep睡眠。根据"When she gave the pillow to her granddaughter"（当她把枕头给孙女时），可知是说没有什么能比得上一个好的夜晚的睡眠。故答案为：D。
9．句意：从那时起，它成了一个家庭传统 。A. tradition传统；B. power力量；C. interest兴趣；D. business生意。根据"Every child got a homemade buckwheat hull pillow from grandma when leaving for study."（每个孩子去上学时都会从奶奶那里得到一个自制的荞麦壳枕头），可知这成了一个家庭传统。故答案为：A。
10．句意：一天，我看到一个昂贵枕头的电视广告。我感到惊讶，因为它就像我奶奶的枕头一样——装满了荞麦壳。A. angry生气的；B. sad伤心的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. relaxed放松的。根据"as it was just like my grandma's—filled with buckwheat hulls"（因为它就像我奶奶的枕头一样——装满了荞麦壳），可知"我"感到惊讶。故答案为：C。
（2025七下·福田期末） 阅读理解
Have you ever seen a little penguin wearing a sweater It sounds impossible, but it is true! Actually, a terrible accident long ago led to this.
In the late 1990s, a big oil spill(石油泄露) happened near Phillip Island, Australia. Thousands of penguins were covered in thick oil. Though rescuers saved them, the penguins became weak. That is because penguins usually use their beaks(喙) to clean their feathers(羽毛). When oil sticks to them, they take in some harmful chemicals. Besides, oil makes their feathers fail to keep warm. Cold penguins cannot swim or hunt for food, which makes them weak, cold, and even lose their lives.
To solve this problem, the Penguin Foundation started a caring program. They called on people to make wool sweaters. These sweaters do three things：keep penguins warm, stop them from eating oil, and allow rescuers to clean them safely.
In addition, the sweaters must follow strict rules:
Use 100% wool(other materials harm penguins) ;
Make size 30cm× 40cm;
No decorations or other things.
The penguin sweater program has been running for over 20 years. During this time, kind-hearted people worldwide have sent over 200, 000 sweaters! With their help, 96% of rescued penguins have successfully returned to the wild. Today, the program keeps preparing sweaters even when no new oil spills happen.
11．What made the penguins wear sweaters
A．The cold weather. B．An accident.
C．A TV programme. D．Their interest.
12．What problem did the penguins face according to paragraph 2
A．They could not use their beaks.
B．They didn't get any help.
C．They faced the danger of death.
D．They forgot how to swim.
13．How do the sweaters help the penguins
①keep them warm ②stop them eating oil
③make them lovely ④help safely clean them
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④
14．Which sweater follows the rules
A． B．
C． D．
15．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Oil spills used to happen every year.
B．The program stopped making sweaters.
C．More than 200, 000 people gave a hand.
D．The program is popular and works well.
【答案】11．B
12．C
13．C
14．D
15．D
【知识点】说明文；常见的动物及其生活环境；环保意识与环保行为；细节理解；推理判断
【解析】【分析】文章大意： 讲述了澳大利亚菲利普岛附近发生石油泄漏后，企鹅因石油污染而面临生存危机，企鹅基金会发起编织毛衣项目来帮助企鹅，介绍了毛衣需遵循的规则以及该项目取得的成果。
【点评】考查阅读理解。先快速浏览文章，了解大意。对于细节理解题，直接在文中找相关语句进行对比得出答案；推理判断题要根据文中信息进行合理推断；做题过程中要仔细，注意题目要求和文中细节的匹配，避免因粗心出错。
11．细节理解题。根据"Actually, a terrible accident long ago led to this."（实际上，很久以前的一场可怕事故导致了这种情况），可知是一场事故让企鹅穿上了毛衣。故答案为：B。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中"Cold penguins cannot swim or hunt for food, which makes them weak, cold, and even lose their lives."（寒冷的企鹅不能游泳或觅食，这使它们虚弱、寒冷，甚至失去生命），可知企鹅面临死亡的危险。故答案为：C。
13．细节理解题。根据"These sweaters do three things: keep penguins warm, stop them from eating oil, and allow rescuers to clean them safely."（这些毛衣有三方面作用：让企鹅保暖，阻止它们吃石油，让救援人员安全地清洁它们），可知①②④符合。故答案为：C。
14．推理判断题。根据文中"In addition, the sweaters must follow strict rules: Use 100% wool(other materials harm penguins); Make size 30cm× 40cm; No decorations or other things."（此外，毛衣必须遵循严格的规则： 使用100%羊毛（其他材料会伤害企鹅）； 制作尺寸为3厘米×40厘米； 没有装饰或其他东西）可知，毛衣必须遵循以下严格规则：使用100%羊毛；尺寸为30cm×40cm；无装饰或其他东西。A选项毛衣标注为"100% wool"，满足了使用100%羊毛这一规则，但图片中有其他装饰。B选项毛衣标注"50% wool 50% cotton"，使用了羊毛和棉两种材料，不满足"使用100%羊毛"这一规则。C选项同样标注"50% wool 50% cotton"，材料不满足"100%羊毛"的规则。D选项毛衣标注"100% wool"，没有其他装饰，虽然图片不能精确体现尺寸是否为30cm×40cm，但在没有其他更符合且能明确判断的选项情况下，它满足了材料这一关键规则。故答案为：D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段"The penguin sweater program has been running for over 20 years. During this time, kind-hearted people worldwide have sent over 200, 000 sweaters! With their help, 96% of rescued penguins have successfully returned to the wild. Today, the program keeps preparing sweaters even when no new oil spills happen."（企鹅毛衣项目已经开展了20多年。在此期间，世界各地的好心人送来了超过20万件毛衣！在他们的帮助下，96%获救企鹅成功回归野外。如今，即使没有新的石油泄漏，该项目仍在准备毛衣），可以推断出这个项目很受欢迎且效果良好。故答案为：D。
（2025七下·福田期末） 阅读理解
Shan Xinghua is a pioneer in the development of China's railway ticket-buying system(系统). Thanks to her, we can buy train tickets online in seconds now. People call her the "super brain" of China's railway technology.
Shan grew up in a small village in Jiangxi. She studied hard and became the first college student from her village. In 1996, Shan went to East China Jiaotong University for her master's degree. There, she joined a special team developing China's first train ticket computer system. Shan was the youngest member, but she showed her talent quickly through hard work and new ideas.
In 2011, 12306, China's first online ticket system, was launched. However, during the Spring Festival travel rush of 2012, it experienced big problems. Millions of people tried to buy tickets at the same time, and the system almost broke down. Shan led her team to work day and night for 50 days to fix the problems. " It was like fixing a plane while it was flying! " she later said.
Today, 12306 is one of the world's best ticket systems. It has more than 700 million users and sells over 3 billion tickets every year. Through its continuous upgrades, it provides better travel experiences. Passengers(乘客) can get on trains by scanning(扫描) their faces, order food for the trips, and even buy farmers' products online. All these changes make travel much easier.
16．Why is Shan called the "super brain" of China's railway technology
A．She invented the first high-speed railway.
B．She changed the way to buy train tickets.
C．She buys a lot of train tickets every year.
D．She helps to improve internet technology.
17．What is the correct order of Shan's life journey
a. She went to university. b. She helped to develop 12306.
c. She joined a special team. d. She grew up in a small village.
A．c → b → a → d. B．d → a → c → b.
C．c → d → b → a. D．d → b → c → a.
18．Which word BEST describes Shan according to paragraph 3
A．Curious. B．Creative. C．Honest. D．Hardworking.
19．What do the changes of 12306 bring to its users
A．Easier trips. B．Cheaper tickets.
C．Faster trains. D．Fewer products.
20．Which topic does the passage focus on
A．Our animal friends. B．Role models of our time.
C．Follow your interests. D．Travelling around Asia.
【答案】16．B
17．B
18．D
19．A
20．B
【知识点】记叙文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹；交通方式；推理判断；科学技术
【解析】【分析】文章大意： 本文主要讲述了中国铁路购票系统开发的先驱单杏花的事迹，介绍了她的成长经历、参与开发12306系统以及该系统带来的变化等。
【点评】考查阅读理解。做这类题时，首先要通读全文，了解文章大意。对于细节理解题，要在文中找到对应的语句进行仔细分析；推理判断题则需要根据文中的信息进行合理的推断；主旨大意题要综合全文内容，把握文章的核心主题。同时，要注意题目中的关键词，帮助快速定位答案。
16．推理判断题。根据文中"Shan Xinghua is a pioneer in the development of China's railway ticket - buying system(系统). Thanks to her, we can buy train tickets online in seconds now. People call her the 'super brain' of China's railway technology."可知，单杏花是中国铁路购票系统开发的先驱，多亏了她，我们现在能在几秒内网上购票，所以人们称她为中国铁路技术的"超级大脑"，这意味着她改变了买火车票的方式。A 选项"她发明了第一条高铁"文中未提及；C 选项"她每年买很多火车票"不符合文意；D 选项"她帮助改进互联网技术"表述不准确，重点是铁路购票系统。故答案为 ：B。
17．推理判断题。 根据"Shan grew up in a small village in Jiangxi. She studied hard and became the first college student from her village. In 1996, Shan went to East China Jiaotong University for her master's degree. There, she joined a special team developing China's first train ticket computer system. In 2011, 12306, China's first online ticket system, was launched."（单杏花在江西的一个小村庄长大。她学习努力，成为了村里第一个大学生。1996年，单珊前往华东交通大学攻读。在那里，她加入了一个特别团队，开发中国第一个火车票计算机系统。2011年，中国第一个在线售票系统——12306上线）可知，先是她在小村庄长大，然后去上大学，接着加入特殊团队，最后帮助开发12306系统，顺序为d→a→c→b，答案选：B。
18．推理判断题。根据"Shan led her team to work day and night for 50 days to fix the problems. 'It was like fixing a plane while it was flying!' she later said."（尚带领团队夜以继日地工作了50天，以解决这些问题。"就像在飞机飞行时修理它一样！"她后来说道）可知，单杏花带领团队日夜工作 50 天解决问题，这体现了她勤奋的特点。故答案为 ：D。
19．细节理解题。根据"All these changes make travel much easier."（所有这些变化使旅行变得更加容易）可知，12306 的变化给用户带来了更轻松的旅行。故答案为 ：A。
20．推理判断题。文章主要讲述了单杏花在铁路购票系统开发方面的贡献，她是一个榜样，所以文章聚焦的主题是我们这个时代的榜样。故答案为 B。
（2025七下·福田期末） 阅读理解
①In today's world, scientists are developing innovative(创新的) solutions to environmental problems. Let's explore three groundbreaking ones.
②Engineers in Amsterdam have invented a new birdhouse. It has computers inside and is powered by solar panels on its roof. When the air is clean enough, the birdhouse turns green and provides free WiFi to people nearby. If the air gets polluted, it turns red. People love this idea. They ride bikes more, so the air gets cleaner and they get free internet.
③In Chile's dry desert areas, getting clean water is not easy. Scientists created a smart machine. It takes water from the air and works like this：when warm air touches its cold surface, water drops form—just like on a cold drink can. The machine collects the water and cleans it. One such machine can produce enough water each day for a family of four to drink. Best of all, it uses solar power, so it works even in places without electricity.
④A famous British band had cool ideas for their concerts(演唱会). They installed(安装) special floors on stage called "Kinetic floors". The floors can make electricity when fans dance. The band also offer fans exercise bikes to ride, and this helped power the show! At one concert, the electricity fans made was enough to power 300 homes for an hour! Now, many other bands are following these cool ideas.
21．What can the birdhouse in Amsterdam do
A．Test the air quality. B．Provide solar power.
C．Check WiFi speed. D．Make weather reports.
22．Why did the writer mention "a cold drink can" in paragraph 3
A．To compare cold drinks with hot ones.
B．To show how the smart machine works.
C．To test the readers on what water cycle is.
D．To describe water shortage in desert areas.
23．What do the first two inventions have in common
A．They make electricity. B．They clean polluted water.
C．They use solar energy. D．They reduce air pollution.
24．Which poster BEST matches the concerts according to paragraph 4
A． B．
C． D．
25．What is the structure of the passage
A． B．
C． D．
【答案】21．A
22．B
23．C
24．B
25．D
【知识点】说明文；环保意识与环保行为；细节理解；推理判断；科学技术
【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要介绍了科学家为解决环境问题提出的三种创新方案，包括阿姆斯特丹工程师发明的可通过颜色反映空气质量并提供WiFi的鸟屋、智利科学家创造的能从空气中获取清洁水并利用太阳能的智能机器，以及英国某乐队在演唱会上利用"动能地板"和健身自行车发电的创意。
【点评】考查阅读理解。做阅读理解题时，首先要通读全文，了解文章的大致内容和结构。然后，根据题目要求，在文中找到相关的细节和信息，进行推理、判断或概括。对于细节理解题，可以直接从文中找到答案；对于推理判断题，需要根据文中的信息进行合理的推断；对于主旨大意题，需要概括文章的中心思想。同时，要注意文章中的关键词和句子，以及它们之间的关系，这有助于更好地理解文章。
21．细节理解题。根据"When the air is clean enough, the birdhouse turns green and provides free WiFi to people nearby. If the air gets polluted, it turns red."（当空气足够干净时，鸟舍会变成绿色，并向附近的人提供免费WiFi。如果空气受到污染，它会变成红色）可知，阿姆斯特朗的鸟屋可以测试空气质量，故答案为：A。
22．推理判断题。根据"when warm air touches its cold surface, water drops form—just like on a cold drink can."（当温暖空气接触到其冷表面时，水滴形成——就像在冷饮罐上一样）可知，作者提到"冷饮罐"是为了展示智能机器的工作原理， 故答案为： B。
23．细节理解题。根据"It has computers inside and is powered by solar panels on its roof."和"Best of all, it uses solar power, so it works even in places without electricity.（它里面有电脑，由屋顶上的太阳能电池板供电""最重要的是，它使用太阳能，因此即使在没有电力的地方也能工作），可知，前两种发明都利用了太阳能， 故答案为： C。
24．推理判断题。根据第四段可知，英国乐队在演唱会上安装了"动能地板"，粉丝跳舞时地板可以发电，乐队还提供健身自行车供粉丝骑行，帮助为演出供电。B海报中的"Your moves power the show!"（你的行动为演出供电！）与这一内容最为契合。故答案为：B。
25．推理判断题。文章第一段总领全文，介绍科学家正在开发解决环境问题的创新方案；第二、三、四段分别介绍了三种不同的创新方案；第五段并未在原文出现（原文章只有四段），但从给出的选项看，D的结构（总—分）最符合文章结构。故答案为：D。
（2025七下·福田期末） 阅读下面短文，并从方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。
A. What do they really want B. It's your space to try new things. C. Keep working until you love your story! D. Problems make stories exciting or funny. E. Sharing your story helps to make you love it more. F. There is no need to follow traditional rules of writing.
Creative writing or short story writing is a fun way to share your ideas and feelings. A story is like a playground for your imagination. 　26． 　 Ready to begin Here is how you can get started.
Don't Worry About Rules
　27． 　 No way is better or worse. If you get an idea, write it down at once. Always keep a small notebook in your bag or use notes on your phone.
Create Your Main Character
Every great story needs a hero! Choose anyone: a brave kid, a talking cat, or a magical creature. Ask yourself: What does my character love What makes them scared 　28． 　 For example, Olivia, a 12-year-old girl, wants to create a world without flies!
Give Them Problems
Once you know what your characters want, stop them from getting it. 　29． 　 Lost a map Spaceship broke Funny problems wake up your imagination!
Make It Better
No story is perfect the first time. That's okay! Read your story aloud. Share it with a friend or family members. Did they laugh or look surprised Change the parts you don't like: add descriptions, improve the ending, or make problems bigger. 　30． 　
【答案】26．B；27．F；28．A；29．D；30．C
【知识点】教育类；说明文；自我提升；学会学习
【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要介绍了如何进行创意写作或短篇小说写作，包括不要担心规则、创造主要角色、给角色制造问题以及如何改进故事等方面，将故事比作想象力的游乐场，并给出了具体的写作建议。
A. What do they really want 他们真正想要什么？
B. It's your space to try new things. 这是你尝试新事物的空间。
C. Keep working until you love your story! 继续努力，直到你爱上你的故事！
D. Problems make stories exciting or funny. 问题让故事变得令人兴奋或有趣。
E. Sharing your story helps to make you love it more. 分享你的故事有助于让你更喜爱它。
F. There is no need to follow traditional rules of writing. 没有必要遵循传统的写作规则。
【点评】考查任务型阅读。做这类题时，首先要通读全文，了解文章的大致内容和结构，把握文章的主题。然后，分析每个空所在的上下文语境，理解其逻辑关系和语义需求。接着，将选项与上下文进行匹配，选择最符合语境和逻辑的选项。同时，要注意选项之间的差异，避免选择重复或不符合主题的内容。
26．根据"A story is like a playground for your imagination."（故事就像你想象力的游乐场。）以及上下文对写作的介绍，可知这里需要一个进一步解释这个"游乐场"含义的句子。B选项"It's your space to try new things."（这是你尝试新事物的空间。）符合语境，能很好地承接上文，说明故事写作是尝试新事物的空间。故答案为：B。
27．根据小标题"Don't Worry About Rules"（不用担心规则），可知这里需要一个关于写作规则的句子。F选项"There is no need to follow traditional rules of writing."（没有必要遵循传统的写作规则。）符合该部分主题，强调写作时不必遵循传统规则。故答案为：F。
28．根据"Ask yourself: What does my character love What makes them scared "（问问自己：我的角色喜欢什么？什么让他们害怕？）可知，这里需要一个进一步探究角色想法的句子。A选项"What do they really want "（他们真正想要什么？）符合语境，继续围绕了解角色展开。故答案为：A。
29．根据"Once you know what your characters want, stop them from getting it."（一旦你知道你的角色想要什么，就阻止他们得到它。）可知，这里需要一个说明制造问题对故事作用的句子。D选项"Problems make stories exciting or funny."（问题让故事变得令人兴奋或有趣。）符合语境，解释了为什么要给角色制造问题。故答案为：D。
30．根据"Change the parts you don't like: add descriptions, improve the ending, or make problems bigger."（改变你不喜欢的部分：添加描述，改进结局，或者把问题扩大。）可知，这里需要一个鼓励继续改进故事的句子。C选项"Keep working until you love your story!"（继续努力，直到你爱上你的故事！）符合语境，鼓励作者不断改进直到满意。故答案为：C。
（2025七下·福田期末）下面的材料A～F是对六种职业内容的描述。请根据Tony、Cindy、Helen、Lisa、Mike的个人情况及兴趣爱好，匹配可能适合他们的职业，其中一项是多余的。
A. They visit different places around the world. They share the journeys online to show interesting places and tell people about their travels.
B. They take care of animals in places like zoos. They feed the animals, clean their houses, care for their health and play with them.
C. They put out fires and help people in danger. They are heroes who keep the communities safe.
D. They explore space and try to answer the questions like, "Is it possible for humans to live on another planet "
E. They study history by researching old things and visiting museums. In this way, they can learn about the past and understand the present.
F. They are always happy to teach and communicate. They are good at spreading knowledge and encouraging children to learn more about the world.
　31． 　Tony dreams of protecting people from danger and keeping the city safe.
　32． 　Cindy loves animals. She finds it fun and meaningful to care for animals.
　33． 　Helen enjoys travelling and wants to share her experiences on the Internet.
　34． 　Lisa often visits different museums to learn about local history and culture.
　35． 　Mike collects things about space, and he is interested in life on other planets.
【答案】31．C；32．B；33．A；34．E；35．D
【知识点】人生百味类；其他语篇类型；职业启蒙
【解析】【分析】文章大意：材料A - F分别描述了六种不同的职业内容，题目给出了Tony、Cindy、Helen、Lisa、Mike五个人的个人情况和兴趣爱好，需要将合适的职业匹配给他们。
A. 他们游览世界各地。他们在网上分享旅程，展示有趣的地方并向人们讲述他们的旅行。
B. 他们在动物园等地方照顾动物。他们给动物喂食，打扫动物的住所，关心它们的健康并和它们玩耍。
C. 他们灭火并帮助处于危险中的人。他们是保障社区安全的英雄。
D. 他们探索太空，试图回答像"人类有可能在另一个星球上生活吗？"这样的问题。
E. 他们通过研究旧物品和参观博物馆来研究历史。通过这种方式，他们可以了解过去并理解现在。
F. 他们总是乐于教学和交流。他们善于传播知识并鼓励孩子们更多地了解世界。
【点评】考查任务型阅读。做这类题时，首先要仔细阅读题目中每个人的情况描述，明确他们的兴趣爱好和需求。然后，认真分析每个选项所描述的职业特点。将每个人的情况与职业特点进行匹配，找出最符合的选项。注意要理解每个选项的关键信息，如职业的主要工作内容等，以便准确匹配。
31．根据"Tony dreams of protecting people from danger and keeping the city safe."（Tony梦想保护人们免受危险并保障城市安全。）可知，C选项描述的消防员职业符合Tony的梦想，消防员灭火并帮助处于危险中的人，保障社区安全。故答案为：C。
32．根据"Cindy loves animals. She finds it fun and meaningful to care for animals."（Cindy喜欢动物。她觉得照顾动物既有趣又有意义。）可知，B选项描述的在动物园等地方照顾动物的职业适合Cindy。故答案为：B。
33．根据"Helen enjoys travelling and wants to share her experiences on the Internet."（Helen喜欢旅行并想在互联网上分享她的经历。）可知，A选项描述的游览世界各地并在网上分享旅程的职业适合Helen。故答案为：A。
34．根据"Lisa often visits different museums to learn about local history and culture."（Lisa经常参观不同的博物馆以了解当地的历史和文化。）可知，E选项描述的通过研究旧物品和参观博物馆来研究历史的职业适合Lisa。故答案为：E。
35．根据"Mike collects things about space, and he is interested in life on other planets."（Mike收集有关太空的东西，并且他对其他星球上的生命感兴趣。）可知，D选项描述的探索太空的职业适合Mike。故答案为：D。
（2025七下·福田期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Guangchang is a beautiful place in Jiangxi. It is called 　36． 　 hometown of white lotus(莲花) because white lotus grows widely here. The white lotus is not only beautiful but also very 　37． 　 (use). For example, the seeds from them are used for cooking and traditional Chinese medicine.
In 1994, scientists 　38． 　 (find) an interesting fact. The environment in space can help develop new and better seeds, 　39． 　 they sent some lotus seeds to space. After the seeds came back to Earth, scientists studied 　40． 　 (they) carefully. Finally, a new type of lotus called" Space Lotus 36" was born. This new plant has more 　41． 　 (flower) and larger seedpods(莲蓬).
The white lotus is very important to Guangchang. It 　42． 　 (great) helps people here live a better life. A lot of delicious food and cultural products come 　43． 　 white lotus. The local government holds the Lotus Tourism and Culture Festival ever year. Many visitors come 　44． 　 (enjoy) the lotus flowers, taste lotus food, and learn about lotus culture. 　45． 　 great the white lotus is!
【答案】36．the；37．useful；38．found；39．so；40．them；41．flowers；42．greatly；43．from；44．to enjoy；45．How
【知识点】科普类；说明文；家乡和社会变迁；科学技术；人类文明与创新
【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要介绍了江西广昌这一美丽地方，它是白莲之乡，白莲不仅美丽还有用，其种子可用于烹饪和中药。1994年科学家发现太空环境有助于培育更好种子，于是将莲子送入太空，培育出"太空莲36号"。白莲对广昌很重要，当地有很多白莲相关美食和文化产品，政府每年举办莲花旅游文化节吸引游客。
【点评】考查语法填空。首先要通读全文，了解文章大意。然后，根据每个空白处的上下文语境和提示词，判断所需词的词性和形式。对于有提示词的，要根据语法规则和语境确定其正确形式，如动词的时态、语态、非谓语形式，名词的单复数，形容词和副词的转换等。对于没有提示词的，要考虑是否需要填冠词、连词、介词等虚词。最后，要再通读一遍文章，检查所填内容是否符合逻辑和语法规则。
36．句意：它被称为白莲之乡。hometown，家乡，故乡，名词。根据"because white lotus grows widely here"（因为这里广泛种植白莲），这里表示特指"白莲之乡"，要用定冠词the。故答案为：the。
37．句意：白莲不仅美丽而且非常有用。use，使用，动词。根据"is very..."可知，这里需要一个形容词作表语，use的形容词形式是useful，表示"有用的"。故答案为：useful。
38．句意：在1994年，科学家发现了一个有趣的事实。find，发现，动词。根据"In 1994"（在1994年），可知句子时态是一般过去时，find的过去式是found。故答案为：found。
39．句意：太空中的环境可以帮助培育新的、更好的种子，所以他们把一些莲子送到了太空。根据"The environment in space can help develop new and better seeds"（太空中的环境可以帮助培育新的、更好的种子）和"they sent some lotus seeds to space"（他们把一些莲子送到了太空）可知，前后是因果关系，这里需要一个表示结果的连词，so表示"所以"。故答案为：so。
40．句意：种子回到地球后，科学家们仔细研究它们。they，它们，主格代词。根据"studied...carefully"（仔细研究……），这里study是动词，后面接人称代词宾格形式，they的宾格是them。故答案为：them。
41．句意：这种新植物有更多的花和更大的莲蓬。flower，花，名词。根据"more"（更多的）可知，这里要用名词复数形式flowers。故答案为：flowers。
42．句意：它极大地帮助这里的人们过上了更好的生活。great，伟大的，极大的，形容词。根据"helps"（帮助，动词），这里需要一个副词修饰动词，great的副词形式是greatly。故答案为：greatly。
43．句意：许多美味的食物和文化产品来自白莲。根据"come...white lotus"，结合语境可知，这里表示"来自"，come from是固定短语。故答案为：from。
44．句意：许多游客来欣赏莲花，品尝莲食，了解莲文化。enjoy，欣赏，享受，动词。根据"Many visitors come..."（许多游客来……），这里用动词不定式表目的，即游客来的目的是欣赏莲花等。故答案为：to enjoy。
45．句意：白莲是多么伟大啊！根据"...great the white lotus is!"可知，这里是感叹句，great是形容词，要用how引导感叹句，结构为"How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！"。故答案为：How。
46．（2025七下·福田期末） 假设你是李华，你帮助外教Mr. Smith完成了"班级暑假研学目的地"问卷调查。请你根据提示，写一封邮件向Mr. Smith汇报，
内容包括：(1) 班级（共39人）的投票情况；(2) 你的选择及原因；(3) 你的期待。
注意：(1) 词数80词左右；可适当拓展；(2) 文章的开头已给出，不计入总字数；(3) 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。
Dear Mr Smith,
I am writing to report the result of the survey.
……
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Smith,
I am writing to report the result of the survey. Among 39 students, 15 picked Beijing, 12 chose Changsha, 8 voted for Xi'an, and 4 for other places.
I am one of the four students and I like Shenzhen best. Although we live in Shenzhen, there are still many interesting things to see and do here. For example, we can visit famous companies like Huawei and Tencent. I really want to know how they make these great new products. Besides, Shenzhen has its own history and culture. We can visit the Dapeng Fortress to learn about the past of Shenzhen and experience how people lived a long time ago.
Will you come and travel together with us I am really looking forward to the study trip.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】材料作文；说明文；应用文；假期计划；学校生活
【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文中的邮件写作。要求根据图表帮助外教Mr. Smith完成"班级暑假研学目的地"问卷调查后，写邮件汇报结果。文章可以先说明写信目的，接着汇报班级投票情况、自己的选择及原因，最后表达期待。内容必须需涵盖班级（共39人）的投票情况，自己的选择及原因，自己的期待。主要使用一般过去时（汇报投票结果时）和一般现在时（阐述自己选择及原因、表达期待时）。
汇报投票情况时，数据要准确清晰。阐述自己选择及原因时，要逻辑连贯，理由充分。
【点评】考查材料作文。例文结构清晰，开头直接表明写信目的，中间部分先汇报班级投票情况"，然后说明自己的选择及原因，最后表达期待。内容完整地涵盖了题目要求的三个方面，投票情况数据明确，个人选择原因阐述合理，期待表达自然。文章围绕"班级暑假研学目的地"问卷调查结果汇报展开，重点突出了自己对深圳作为研学目的地的喜爱和期待。写得好的句子或内容： Among 39 students, 15 picked Beijing, 12 chose Changsha, 8 voted for Xi'an, and 4 for other places. 此句清晰地汇报了班级投票结果，数据罗列简洁明了。 Although we live in Shenzhen, there are still many interesting things to see and do here. For example, we can visit famous companies like Huawei and Tencent. I really want to know how they make these great products. Besides, Shenzhen has its own history and culture. We can visit the Dapeng Fortress to learn about the past of Shenzhen and experience how people lived a long time ago." 这部分详细且有条理地阐述了自己选择深圳的原因，使用了"Although""For example""Besides"等连接词，使句子之间逻辑连贯，内容丰富。
1 / 1广东省深圳市福田区2024-2025学年七年级下学期期末学业质量监测英语试卷
（2025七下·福田期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
My grandma never went to school. When she was young, her family was too 1． to send her to school, so it is a lifetime dream for her to know how to read and write. As a grandmother of eight children, she always 2． them to study hard. She believes that without education, it's 3． to do anything.
4． , her children did not let her down. One after another, they grew up and went to university. Before the first granddaughter left for study, grandma 5． a gift for her. It was a pillow (枕头) filled with buckwheat hulls(荞麦壳).
I 6． the gift. "Grandma, young people buy new-type pillows. They're modern, soft and nice," I said. "Why do you spend a whole day making it It's such a waste of your 7． and it doesn't look good."
Grandma said nothing but kept working until it was done. When she gave the pillow to her granddaughter, she gently told her, "Nothing can compare to a good night's 8． ."
From then on, it became a family 9． . Every child got a homemade buckwheat hull pillow from grandma when leaving for study.
Years passed. One day, I saw a TV ad(广告) for an expensive pillow. I felt 10． as it was just like my grandma's—filled with buckwheat hulls. I smiled. My grandma's words came back to me, "Sleep well and live well."
1．A． small B． poor C． strict D． busy
2．A． encourages B． leads C． invites D． allows
3．A． convenient B． possible C． difficult D． harmful
4．A． Safely B． Luckily C． Blindly D． Strangely
5．A． chose B． drew C． bought D． made
6．A． threw away B． asked for C． laughed at D． dreamed of
7．A． effort B． money C． respect D． space
8．A． snack B． story C． kiss D． sleep
9．A． tradition B． power C． interest D． business
10．A． angry B． sad C． surprised D． relaxed
（2025七下·福田期末） 阅读理解
Have you ever seen a little penguin wearing a sweater It sounds impossible, but it is true! Actually, a terrible accident long ago led to this.
In the late 1990s, a big oil spill(石油泄露) happened near Phillip Island, Australia. Thousands of penguins were covered in thick oil. Though rescuers saved them, the penguins became weak. That is because penguins usually use their beaks(喙) to clean their feathers(羽毛). When oil sticks to them, they take in some harmful chemicals. Besides, oil makes their feathers fail to keep warm. Cold penguins cannot swim or hunt for food, which makes them weak, cold, and even lose their lives.
To solve this problem, the Penguin Foundation started a caring program. They called on people to make wool sweaters. These sweaters do three things：keep penguins warm, stop them from eating oil, and allow rescuers to clean them safely.
In addition, the sweaters must follow strict rules:
Use 100% wool(other materials harm penguins) ;
Make size 30cm× 40cm;
No decorations or other things.
The penguin sweater program has been running for over 20 years. During this time, kind-hearted people worldwide have sent over 200, 000 sweaters! With their help, 96% of rescued penguins have successfully returned to the wild. Today, the program keeps preparing sweaters even when no new oil spills happen.
11．What made the penguins wear sweaters
A．The cold weather. B．An accident.
C．A TV programme. D．Their interest.
12．What problem did the penguins face according to paragraph 2
A．They could not use their beaks.
B．They didn't get any help.
C．They faced the danger of death.
D．They forgot how to swim.
13．How do the sweaters help the penguins
①keep them warm ②stop them eating oil
③make them lovely ④help safely clean them
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④
14．Which sweater follows the rules
A． B．
C． D．
15．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Oil spills used to happen every year.
B．The program stopped making sweaters.
C．More than 200, 000 people gave a hand.
D．The program is popular and works well.
（2025七下·福田期末） 阅读理解
Shan Xinghua is a pioneer in the development of China's railway ticket-buying system(系统). Thanks to her, we can buy train tickets online in seconds now. People call her the "super brain" of China's railway technology.
Shan grew up in a small village in Jiangxi. She studied hard and became the first college student from her village. In 1996, Shan went to East China Jiaotong University for her master's degree. There, she joined a special team developing China's first train ticket computer system. Shan was the youngest member, but she showed her talent quickly through hard work and new ideas.
In 2011, 12306, China's first online ticket system, was launched. However, during the Spring Festival travel rush of 2012, it experienced big problems. Millions of people tried to buy tickets at the same time, and the system almost broke down. Shan led her team to work day and night for 50 days to fix the problems. " It was like fixing a plane while it was flying! " she later said.
Today, 12306 is one of the world's best ticket systems. It has more than 700 million users and sells over 3 billion tickets every year. Through its continuous upgrades, it provides better travel experiences. Passengers(乘客) can get on trains by scanning(扫描) their faces, order food for the trips, and even buy farmers' products online. All these changes make travel much easier.
16．Why is Shan called the "super brain" of China's railway technology
A．She invented the first high-speed railway.
B．She changed the way to buy train tickets.
C．She buys a lot of train tickets every year.
D．She helps to improve internet technology.
17．What is the correct order of Shan's life journey
a. She went to university. b. She helped to develop 12306.
c. She joined a special team. d. She grew up in a small village.
A．c → b → a → d. B．d → a → c → b.
C．c → d → b → a. D．d → b → c → a.
18．Which word BEST describes Shan according to paragraph 3
A．Curious. B．Creative. C．Honest. D．Hardworking.
19．What do the changes of 12306 bring to its users
A．Easier trips. B．Cheaper tickets.
C．Faster trains. D．Fewer products.
20．Which topic does the passage focus on
A．Our animal friends. B．Role models of our time.
C．Follow your interests. D．Travelling around Asia.
（2025七下·福田期末） 阅读理解
①In today's world, scientists are developing innovative(创新的) solutions to environmental problems. Let's explore three groundbreaking ones.
②Engineers in Amsterdam have invented a new birdhouse. It has computers inside and is powered by solar panels on its roof. When the air is clean enough, the birdhouse turns green and provides free WiFi to people nearby. If the air gets polluted, it turns red. People love this idea. They ride bikes more, so the air gets cleaner and they get free internet.
③In Chile's dry desert areas, getting clean water is not easy. Scientists created a smart machine. It takes water from the air and works like this：when warm air touches its cold surface, water drops form—just like on a cold drink can. The machine collects the water and cleans it. One such machine can produce enough water each day for a family of four to drink. Best of all, it uses solar power, so it works even in places without electricity.
④A famous British band had cool ideas for their concerts(演唱会). They installed(安装) special floors on stage called "Kinetic floors". The floors can make electricity when fans dance. The band also offer fans exercise bikes to ride, and this helped power the show! At one concert, the electricity fans made was enough to power 300 homes for an hour! Now, many other bands are following these cool ideas.
21．What can the birdhouse in Amsterdam do
A．Test the air quality. B．Provide solar power.
C．Check WiFi speed. D．Make weather reports.
22．Why did the writer mention "a cold drink can" in paragraph 3
A．To compare cold drinks with hot ones.
B．To show how the smart machine works.
C．To test the readers on what water cycle is.
D．To describe water shortage in desert areas.
23．What do the first two inventions have in common
A．They make electricity. B．They clean polluted water.
C．They use solar energy. D．They reduce air pollution.
24．Which poster BEST matches the concerts according to paragraph 4
A． B．
C． D．
25．What is the structure of the passage
A． B．
C． D．
（2025七下·福田期末） 阅读下面短文，并从方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。
A. What do they really want B. It's your space to try new things. C. Keep working until you love your story! D. Problems make stories exciting or funny. E. Sharing your story helps to make you love it more. F. There is no need to follow traditional rules of writing.
Creative writing or short story writing is a fun way to share your ideas and feelings. A story is like a playground for your imagination. 　26． 　 Ready to begin Here is how you can get started.
Don't Worry About Rules
　27． 　 No way is better or worse. If you get an idea, write it down at once. Always keep a small notebook in your bag or use notes on your phone.
Create Your Main Character
Every great story needs a hero! Choose anyone: a brave kid, a talking cat, or a magical creature. Ask yourself: What does my character love What makes them scared 　28． 　 For example, Olivia, a 12-year-old girl, wants to create a world without flies!
Give Them Problems
Once you know what your characters want, stop them from getting it. 　29． 　 Lost a map Spaceship broke Funny problems wake up your imagination!
Make It Better
No story is perfect the first time. That's okay! Read your story aloud. Share it with a friend or family members. Did they laugh or look surprised Change the parts you don't like: add descriptions, improve the ending, or make problems bigger. 　30． 　
（2025七下·福田期末）下面的材料A～F是对六种职业内容的描述。请根据Tony、Cindy、Helen、Lisa、Mike的个人情况及兴趣爱好，匹配可能适合他们的职业，其中一项是多余的。
A. They visit different places around the world. They share the journeys online to show interesting places and tell people about their travels.
B. They take care of animals in places like zoos. They feed the animals, clean their houses, care for their health and play with them.
C. They put out fires and help people in danger. They are heroes who keep the communities safe.
D. They explore space and try to answer the questions like, "Is it possible for humans to live on another planet "
E. They study history by researching old things and visiting museums. In this way, they can learn about the past and understand the present.
F. They are always happy to teach and communicate. They are good at spreading knowledge and encouraging children to learn more about the world.
　31． 　Tony dreams of protecting people from danger and keeping the city safe.
　32． 　Cindy loves animals. She finds it fun and meaningful to care for animals.
　33． 　Helen enjoys travelling and wants to share her experiences on the Internet.
　34． 　Lisa often visits different museums to learn about local history and culture.
　35． 　Mike collects things about space, and he is interested in life on other planets.
（2025七下·福田期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Guangchang is a beautiful place in Jiangxi. It is called 　36． 　 hometown of white lotus(莲花) because white lotus grows widely here. The white lotus is not only beautiful but also very 　37． 　 (use). For example, the seeds from them are used for cooking and traditional Chinese medicine.
In 1994, scientists 　38． 　 (find) an interesting fact. The environment in space can help develop new and better seeds, 　39． 　 they sent some lotus seeds to space. After the seeds came back to Earth, scientists studied 　40． 　 (they) carefully. Finally, a new type of lotus called" Space Lotus 36" was born. This new plant has more 　41． 　 (flower) and larger seedpods(莲蓬).
The white lotus is very important to Guangchang. It 　42． 　 (great) helps people here live a better life. A lot of delicious food and cultural products come 　43． 　 white lotus. The local government holds the Lotus Tourism and Culture Festival ever year. Many visitors come 　44． 　 (enjoy) the lotus flowers, taste lotus food, and learn about lotus culture. 　45． 　 great the white lotus is!
46．（2025七下·福田期末） 假设你是李华，你帮助外教Mr. Smith完成了"班级暑假研学目的地"问卷调查。请你根据提示，写一封邮件向Mr. Smith汇报，
内容包括：(1) 班级（共39人）的投票情况；(2) 你的选择及原因；(3) 你的期待。
注意：(1) 词数80词左右；可适当拓展；(2) 文章的开头已给出，不计入总字数；(3) 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。
Dear Mr Smith,
I am writing to report the result of the survey.
……
Yours,
Li Hua
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B；2．A；3．C；4．B；5．D；6．C；7．A；8．D；9．A；10．C
【知识点】记叙文；家庭成员介绍；家庭生活；自我认识；自我提升
【解析】【分析】文章大意： 奶奶因穷未上学，深知教育重要，常鼓励子孙。孩子们都考上大学，奶奶为上学的孙辈做荞麦壳枕头作礼物，"我"起初不解，后经广告醒悟，这枕头成了家族传统 。
【点评】考查完形填空。考查对文章整体的理解能力、对词汇的辨析能力、根据上下文推理判断的能力以及答题技巧等。在做题时，要通读全文，了解文章大意，然后根据语境和选项含义进行选择，最后再通读全文，检查答案是否合理。
1．句意：当她年轻的时候，她的家庭太穷，不能送她去上学。A. small小的；B. poor贫穷的；C. strict严格的；D. busy忙碌的。根据"to send her to school"（送她去上学）以及"a lifetime dream for her to know how to read and write"（读书写字成了她一生的梦想），可知家庭太穷送不起她上学。故答案为：B。
2．句意：作为八个孩子的祖母，她总是鼓励 他们努力学习。A. encourages鼓励；B. leads带领；C. invites邀请；D. allows允许。根据"She believes that without education, it's 3 to do anything."（她认为没有教育，做任何事都很困难），可知她总是鼓励孩子们努力学习。故答案为：A。
3．句意：她认为没有教育，做任何事都是困难的 。A. convenient方便的；B. possible可能的；C. difficult困难的；D. harmful有害的。根据前文奶奶因没钱无法上学，可知她认为没有教育，做任何事都很困难。故答案为：C。
4．句意： 很幸运，她的孩子们没有让她失望。A. Safely安全地；B. Luckily幸运地；C. Blindly盲目地；D. Strangely奇怪地。根据"her children did not let her down"（她的孩子们没有让她失望），可知这是幸运的。故答案为：B。
5．句意：在第一个孙女去上学前，奶奶为她制作 一个礼物。A. chose选择；B. drew画；C. bought买；D. made制作。根据后文"Why do you spend a whole day making it "（你为什么花一整天做这个？），可知奶奶是制作了一个礼物。故答案为：D。
6．句意：我嘲笑 这个礼物。A. threw away扔掉；B. asked for要求；C. laughed at嘲笑；D. dreamed of梦想。根据"Grandma, young people buy new-type pillows. They're modern, soft and nice"（奶奶，年轻人买新型枕头。它们很现代，柔软又好看），可知"我"嘲笑这个礼物。故答案为：C。
7．句意：这是浪费你的努力 ，而且看起来不好看。A. effort努力；B. money钱；C. respect尊重；D. space空间。根据"Why do you spend a whole day making it "（你为什么花一整天做这个？），可知这是浪费奶奶的努力。故答案为：A。
8．句意：没有什么能比得上一个好的夜晚的睡眠 。A. snack小吃；B. story故事；C. kiss亲吻；D. sleep睡眠。根据"When she gave the pillow to her granddaughter"（当她把枕头给孙女时），可知是说没有什么能比得上一个好的夜晚的睡眠。故答案为：D。
9．句意：从那时起，它成了一个家庭传统 。A. tradition传统；B. power力量；C. interest兴趣；D. business生意。根据"Every child got a homemade buckwheat hull pillow from grandma when leaving for study."（每个孩子去上学时都会从奶奶那里得到一个自制的荞麦壳枕头），可知这成了一个家庭传统。故答案为：A。
10．句意：一天，我看到一个昂贵枕头的电视广告。我感到惊讶，因为它就像我奶奶的枕头一样——装满了荞麦壳。A. angry生气的；B. sad伤心的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. relaxed放松的。根据"as it was just like my grandma's—filled with buckwheat hulls"（因为它就像我奶奶的枕头一样——装满了荞麦壳），可知"我"感到惊讶。故答案为：C。
【答案】11．B
12．C
13．C
14．D
15．D
【知识点】说明文；常见的动物及其生活环境；环保意识与环保行为；细节理解；推理判断
【解析】【分析】文章大意： 讲述了澳大利亚菲利普岛附近发生石油泄漏后，企鹅因石油污染而面临生存危机，企鹅基金会发起编织毛衣项目来帮助企鹅，介绍了毛衣需遵循的规则以及该项目取得的成果。
【点评】考查阅读理解。先快速浏览文章，了解大意。对于细节理解题，直接在文中找相关语句进行对比得出答案；推理判断题要根据文中信息进行合理推断；做题过程中要仔细，注意题目要求和文中细节的匹配，避免因粗心出错。
11．细节理解题。根据"Actually, a terrible accident long ago led to this."（实际上，很久以前的一场可怕事故导致了这种情况），可知是一场事故让企鹅穿上了毛衣。故答案为：B。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中"Cold penguins cannot swim or hunt for food, which makes them weak, cold, and even lose their lives."（寒冷的企鹅不能游泳或觅食，这使它们虚弱、寒冷，甚至失去生命），可知企鹅面临死亡的危险。故答案为：C。
13．细节理解题。根据"These sweaters do three things: keep penguins warm, stop them from eating oil, and allow rescuers to clean them safely."（这些毛衣有三方面作用：让企鹅保暖，阻止它们吃石油，让救援人员安全地清洁它们），可知①②④符合。故答案为：C。
14．推理判断题。根据文中"In addition, the sweaters must follow strict rules: Use 100% wool(other materials harm penguins); Make size 30cm× 40cm; No decorations or other things."（此外，毛衣必须遵循严格的规则： 使用100%羊毛（其他材料会伤害企鹅）； 制作尺寸为3厘米×40厘米； 没有装饰或其他东西）可知，毛衣必须遵循以下严格规则：使用100%羊毛；尺寸为30cm×40cm；无装饰或其他东西。A选项毛衣标注为"100% wool"，满足了使用100%羊毛这一规则，但图片中有其他装饰。B选项毛衣标注"50% wool 50% cotton"，使用了羊毛和棉两种材料，不满足"使用100%羊毛"这一规则。C选项同样标注"50% wool 50% cotton"，材料不满足"100%羊毛"的规则。D选项毛衣标注"100% wool"，没有其他装饰，虽然图片不能精确体现尺寸是否为30cm×40cm，但在没有其他更符合且能明确判断的选项情况下，它满足了材料这一关键规则。故答案为：D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段"The penguin sweater program has been running for over 20 years. During this time, kind-hearted people worldwide have sent over 200, 000 sweaters! With their help, 96% of rescued penguins have successfully returned to the wild. Today, the program keeps preparing sweaters even when no new oil spills happen."（企鹅毛衣项目已经开展了20多年。在此期间，世界各地的好心人送来了超过20万件毛衣！在他们的帮助下，96%获救企鹅成功回归野外。如今，即使没有新的石油泄漏，该项目仍在准备毛衣），可以推断出这个项目很受欢迎且效果良好。故答案为：D。
【答案】16．B
17．B
18．D
19．A
20．B
【知识点】记叙文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹；交通方式；推理判断；科学技术
【解析】【分析】文章大意： 本文主要讲述了中国铁路购票系统开发的先驱单杏花的事迹，介绍了她的成长经历、参与开发12306系统以及该系统带来的变化等。
【点评】考查阅读理解。做这类题时，首先要通读全文，了解文章大意。对于细节理解题，要在文中找到对应的语句进行仔细分析；推理判断题则需要根据文中的信息进行合理的推断；主旨大意题要综合全文内容，把握文章的核心主题。同时，要注意题目中的关键词，帮助快速定位答案。
16．推理判断题。根据文中"Shan Xinghua is a pioneer in the development of China's railway ticket - buying system(系统). Thanks to her, we can buy train tickets online in seconds now. People call her the 'super brain' of China's railway technology."可知，单杏花是中国铁路购票系统开发的先驱，多亏了她，我们现在能在几秒内网上购票，所以人们称她为中国铁路技术的"超级大脑"，这意味着她改变了买火车票的方式。A 选项"她发明了第一条高铁"文中未提及；C 选项"她每年买很多火车票"不符合文意；D 选项"她帮助改进互联网技术"表述不准确，重点是铁路购票系统。故答案为 ：B。
17．推理判断题。 根据"Shan grew up in a small village in Jiangxi. She studied hard and became the first college student from her village. In 1996, Shan went to East China Jiaotong University for her master's degree. There, she joined a special team developing China's first train ticket computer system. In 2011, 12306, China's first online ticket system, was launched."（单杏花在江西的一个小村庄长大。她学习努力，成为了村里第一个大学生。1996年，单珊前往华东交通大学攻读。在那里，她加入了一个特别团队，开发中国第一个火车票计算机系统。2011年，中国第一个在线售票系统——12306上线）可知，先是她在小村庄长大，然后去上大学，接着加入特殊团队，最后帮助开发12306系统，顺序为d→a→c→b，答案选：B。
18．推理判断题。根据"Shan led her team to work day and night for 50 days to fix the problems. 'It was like fixing a plane while it was flying!' she later said."（尚带领团队夜以继日地工作了50天，以解决这些问题。"就像在飞机飞行时修理它一样！"她后来说道）可知，单杏花带领团队日夜工作 50 天解决问题，这体现了她勤奋的特点。故答案为 ：D。
19．细节理解题。根据"All these changes make travel much easier."（所有这些变化使旅行变得更加容易）可知，12306 的变化给用户带来了更轻松的旅行。故答案为 ：A。
20．推理判断题。文章主要讲述了单杏花在铁路购票系统开发方面的贡献，她是一个榜样，所以文章聚焦的主题是我们这个时代的榜样。故答案为 B。
【答案】21．A
22．B
23．C
24．B
25．D
【知识点】说明文；环保意识与环保行为；细节理解；推理判断；科学技术
【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要介绍了科学家为解决环境问题提出的三种创新方案，包括阿姆斯特丹工程师发明的可通过颜色反映空气质量并提供WiFi的鸟屋、智利科学家创造的能从空气中获取清洁水并利用太阳能的智能机器，以及英国某乐队在演唱会上利用"动能地板"和健身自行车发电的创意。
【点评】考查阅读理解。做阅读理解题时，首先要通读全文，了解文章的大致内容和结构。然后，根据题目要求，在文中找到相关的细节和信息，进行推理、判断或概括。对于细节理解题，可以直接从文中找到答案；对于推理判断题，需要根据文中的信息进行合理的推断；对于主旨大意题，需要概括文章的中心思想。同时，要注意文章中的关键词和句子，以及它们之间的关系，这有助于更好地理解文章。
21．细节理解题。根据"When the air is clean enough, the birdhouse turns green and provides free WiFi to people nearby. If the air gets polluted, it turns red."（当空气足够干净时，鸟舍会变成绿色，并向附近的人提供免费WiFi。如果空气受到污染，它会变成红色）可知，阿姆斯特朗的鸟屋可以测试空气质量，故答案为：A。
22．推理判断题。根据"when warm air touches its cold surface, water drops form—just like on a cold drink can."（当温暖空气接触到其冷表面时，水滴形成——就像在冷饮罐上一样）可知，作者提到"冷饮罐"是为了展示智能机器的工作原理， 故答案为： B。
23．细节理解题。根据"It has computers inside and is powered by solar panels on its roof."和"Best of all, it uses solar power, so it works even in places without electricity.（它里面有电脑，由屋顶上的太阳能电池板供电""最重要的是，它使用太阳能，因此即使在没有电力的地方也能工作），可知，前两种发明都利用了太阳能， 故答案为： C。
24．推理判断题。根据第四段可知，英国乐队在演唱会上安装了"动能地板"，粉丝跳舞时地板可以发电，乐队还提供健身自行车供粉丝骑行，帮助为演出供电。B海报中的"Your moves power the show!"（你的行动为演出供电！）与这一内容最为契合。故答案为：B。
25．推理判断题。文章第一段总领全文，介绍科学家正在开发解决环境问题的创新方案；第二、三、四段分别介绍了三种不同的创新方案；第五段并未在原文出现（原文章只有四段），但从给出的选项看，D的结构（总—分）最符合文章结构。故答案为：D。
【答案】26．B；27．F；28．A；29．D；30．C
【知识点】教育类；说明文；自我提升；学会学习
【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要介绍了如何进行创意写作或短篇小说写作，包括不要担心规则、创造主要角色、给角色制造问题以及如何改进故事等方面，将故事比作想象力的游乐场，并给出了具体的写作建议。
A. What do they really want 他们真正想要什么？
B. It's your space to try new things. 这是你尝试新事物的空间。
C. Keep working until you love your story! 继续努力，直到你爱上你的故事！
D. Problems make stories exciting or funny. 问题让故事变得令人兴奋或有趣。
E. Sharing your story helps to make you love it more. 分享你的故事有助于让你更喜爱它。
F. There is no need to follow traditional rules of writing. 没有必要遵循传统的写作规则。
【点评】考查任务型阅读。做这类题时，首先要通读全文，了解文章的大致内容和结构，把握文章的主题。然后，分析每个空所在的上下文语境，理解其逻辑关系和语义需求。接着，将选项与上下文进行匹配，选择最符合语境和逻辑的选项。同时，要注意选项之间的差异，避免选择重复或不符合主题的内容。
26．根据"A story is like a playground for your imagination."（故事就像你想象力的游乐场。）以及上下文对写作的介绍，可知这里需要一个进一步解释这个"游乐场"含义的句子。B选项"It's your space to try new things."（这是你尝试新事物的空间。）符合语境，能很好地承接上文，说明故事写作是尝试新事物的空间。故答案为：B。
27．根据小标题"Don't Worry About Rules"（不用担心规则），可知这里需要一个关于写作规则的句子。F选项"There is no need to follow traditional rules of writing."（没有必要遵循传统的写作规则。）符合该部分主题，强调写作时不必遵循传统规则。故答案为：F。
28．根据"Ask yourself: What does my character love What makes them scared "（问问自己：我的角色喜欢什么？什么让他们害怕？）可知，这里需要一个进一步探究角色想法的句子。A选项"What do they really want "（他们真正想要什么？）符合语境，继续围绕了解角色展开。故答案为：A。
29．根据"Once you know what your characters want, stop them from getting it."（一旦你知道你的角色想要什么，就阻止他们得到它。）可知，这里需要一个说明制造问题对故事作用的句子。D选项"Problems make stories exciting or funny."（问题让故事变得令人兴奋或有趣。）符合语境，解释了为什么要给角色制造问题。故答案为：D。
30．根据"Change the parts you don't like: add descriptions, improve the ending, or make problems bigger."（改变你不喜欢的部分：添加描述，改进结局，或者把问题扩大。）可知，这里需要一个鼓励继续改进故事的句子。C选项"Keep working until you love your story!"（继续努力，直到你爱上你的故事！）符合语境，鼓励作者不断改进直到满意。故答案为：C。
【答案】31．C；32．B；33．A；34．E；35．D
【知识点】人生百味类；其他语篇类型；职业启蒙
【解析】【分析】文章大意：材料A - F分别描述了六种不同的职业内容，题目给出了Tony、Cindy、Helen、Lisa、Mike五个人的个人情况和兴趣爱好，需要将合适的职业匹配给他们。
A. 他们游览世界各地。他们在网上分享旅程，展示有趣的地方并向人们讲述他们的旅行。
B. 他们在动物园等地方照顾动物。他们给动物喂食，打扫动物的住所，关心它们的健康并和它们玩耍。
C. 他们灭火并帮助处于危险中的人。他们是保障社区安全的英雄。
D. 他们探索太空，试图回答像"人类有可能在另一个星球上生活吗？"这样的问题。
E. 他们通过研究旧物品和参观博物馆来研究历史。通过这种方式，他们可以了解过去并理解现在。
F. 他们总是乐于教学和交流。他们善于传播知识并鼓励孩子们更多地了解世界。
【点评】考查任务型阅读。做这类题时，首先要仔细阅读题目中每个人的情况描述，明确他们的兴趣爱好和需求。然后，认真分析每个选项所描述的职业特点。将每个人的情况与职业特点进行匹配，找出最符合的选项。注意要理解每个选项的关键信息，如职业的主要工作内容等，以便准确匹配。
31．根据"Tony dreams of protecting people from danger and keeping the city safe."（Tony梦想保护人们免受危险并保障城市安全。）可知，C选项描述的消防员职业符合Tony的梦想，消防员灭火并帮助处于危险中的人，保障社区安全。故答案为：C。
32．根据"Cindy loves animals. She finds it fun and meaningful to care for animals."（Cindy喜欢动物。她觉得照顾动物既有趣又有意义。）可知，B选项描述的在动物园等地方照顾动物的职业适合Cindy。故答案为：B。
33．根据"Helen enjoys travelling and wants to share her experiences on the Internet."（Helen喜欢旅行并想在互联网上分享她的经历。）可知，A选项描述的游览世界各地并在网上分享旅程的职业适合Helen。故答案为：A。
34．根据"Lisa often visits different museums to learn about local history and culture."（Lisa经常参观不同的博物馆以了解当地的历史和文化。）可知，E选项描述的通过研究旧物品和参观博物馆来研究历史的职业适合Lisa。故答案为：E。
35．根据"Mike collects things about space, and he is interested in life on other planets."（Mike收集有关太空的东西，并且他对其他星球上的生命感兴趣。）可知，D选项描述的探索太空的职业适合Mike。故答案为：D。
【答案】36．the；37．useful；38．found；39．so；40．them；41．flowers；42．greatly；43．from；44．to enjoy；45．How
【知识点】科普类；说明文；家乡和社会变迁；科学技术；人类文明与创新
【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要介绍了江西广昌这一美丽地方，它是白莲之乡，白莲不仅美丽还有用，其种子可用于烹饪和中药。1994年科学家发现太空环境有助于培育更好种子，于是将莲子送入太空，培育出"太空莲36号"。白莲对广昌很重要，当地有很多白莲相关美食和文化产品，政府每年举办莲花旅游文化节吸引游客。
【点评】考查语法填空。首先要通读全文，了解文章大意。然后，根据每个空白处的上下文语境和提示词，判断所需词的词性和形式。对于有提示词的，要根据语法规则和语境确定其正确形式，如动词的时态、语态、非谓语形式，名词的单复数，形容词和副词的转换等。对于没有提示词的，要考虑是否需要填冠词、连词、介词等虚词。最后，要再通读一遍文章，检查所填内容是否符合逻辑和语法规则。
36．句意：它被称为白莲之乡。hometown，家乡，故乡，名词。根据"because white lotus grows widely here"（因为这里广泛种植白莲），这里表示特指"白莲之乡"，要用定冠词the。故答案为：the。
37．句意：白莲不仅美丽而且非常有用。use，使用，动词。根据"is very..."可知，这里需要一个形容词作表语，use的形容词形式是useful，表示"有用的"。故答案为：useful。
38．句意：在1994年，科学家发现了一个有趣的事实。find，发现，动词。根据"In 1994"（在1994年），可知句子时态是一般过去时，find的过去式是found。故答案为：found。
39．句意：太空中的环境可以帮助培育新的、更好的种子，所以他们把一些莲子送到了太空。根据"The environment in space can help develop new and better seeds"（太空中的环境可以帮助培育新的、更好的种子）和"they sent some lotus seeds to space"（他们把一些莲子送到了太空）可知，前后是因果关系，这里需要一个表示结果的连词，so表示"所以"。故答案为：so。
40．句意：种子回到地球后，科学家们仔细研究它们。they，它们，主格代词。根据"studied...carefully"（仔细研究……），这里study是动词，后面接人称代词宾格形式，they的宾格是them。故答案为：them。
41．句意：这种新植物有更多的花和更大的莲蓬。flower，花，名词。根据"more"（更多的）可知，这里要用名词复数形式flowers。故答案为：flowers。
42．句意：它极大地帮助这里的人们过上了更好的生活。great，伟大的，极大的，形容词。根据"helps"（帮助，动词），这里需要一个副词修饰动词，great的副词形式是greatly。故答案为：greatly。
43．句意：许多美味的食物和文化产品来自白莲。根据"come...white lotus"，结合语境可知，这里表示"来自"，come from是固定短语。故答案为：from。
44．句意：许多游客来欣赏莲花，品尝莲食，了解莲文化。enjoy，欣赏，享受，动词。根据"Many visitors come..."（许多游客来……），这里用动词不定式表目的，即游客来的目的是欣赏莲花等。故答案为：to enjoy。
45．句意：白莲是多么伟大啊！根据"...great the white lotus is!"可知，这里是感叹句，great是形容词，要用how引导感叹句，结构为"How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！"。故答案为：How。
46．【答案】Dear Mr. Smith,
I am writing to report the result of the survey. Among 39 students, 15 picked Beijing, 12 chose Changsha, 8 voted for Xi'an, and 4 for other places.
I am one of the four students and I like Shenzhen best. Although we live in Shenzhen, there are still many interesting things to see and do here. For example, we can visit famous companies like Huawei and Tencent. I really want to know how they make these great new products. Besides, Shenzhen has its own history and culture. We can visit the Dapeng Fortress to learn about the past of Shenzhen and experience how people lived a long time ago.
Will you come and travel together with us I am really looking forward to the study trip.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】材料作文；说明文；应用文；假期计划；学校生活
【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文中的邮件写作。要求根据图表帮助外教Mr. Smith完成"班级暑假研学目的地"问卷调查后，写邮件汇报结果。文章可以先说明写信目的，接着汇报班级投票情况、自己的选择及原因，最后表达期待。内容必须需涵盖班级（共39人）的投票情况，自己的选择及原因，自己的期待。主要使用一般过去时（汇报投票结果时）和一般现在时（阐述自己选择及原因、表达期待时）。
汇报投票情况时，数据要准确清晰。阐述自己选择及原因时，要逻辑连贯，理由充分。
【点评】考查材料作文。例文结构清晰，开头直接表明写信目的，中间部分先汇报班级投票情况"，然后说明自己的选择及原因，最后表达期待。内容完整地涵盖了题目要求的三个方面，投票情况数据明确，个人选择原因阐述合理，期待表达自然。文章围绕"班级暑假研学目的地"问卷调查结果汇报展开，重点突出了自己对深圳作为研学目的地的喜爱和期待。写得好的句子或内容： Among 39 students, 15 picked Beijing, 12 chose Changsha, 8 voted for Xi'an, and 4 for other places. 此句清晰地汇报了班级投票结果，数据罗列简洁明了。 Although we live in Shenzhen, there are still many interesting things to see and do here. For example, we can visit famous companies like Huawei and Tencent. I really want to know how they make these great products. Besides, Shenzhen has its own history and culture. We can visit the Dapeng Fortress to learn about the past of Shenzhen and experience how people lived a long time ago." 这部分详细且有条理地阐述了自己选择深圳的原因，使用了"Although""For example""Besides"等连接词，使句子之间逻辑连贯，内容丰富。
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