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Unit 1 知识清单 · 译林版英语必修一
一、核心词汇与短语
1. potential
adj. 可能的；潜在的
a potential problem/danger 潜在的问题/危险
n. 潜力；可能性
have the potential for (doing) sth. 有（做）某事的可能性/潜力
He has the potential for being a great leader. 他有潜力成为一位伟大的领袖。
have the potential to do sth. 有潜力做某事
Every student has the potential to succeed. 每个学生都有成功的潜力。
fulfill / achieve / realize one's potential 发挥某人的潜力
We should help children to realize their full potential. 我们应该帮助孩子们充分发挥他们的潜力。
[词形转换]
potentially adv. 潜在地；可能地
2. senior & junior
senior adj. 级别（或地位）高的；年长的；高中的
senior high school 高中
be senior to sb. (by ... years) 比某人级别高/年长（...岁）
He is three years senior to me. = He is senior to me by three years. 他比我大三岁。
junior adj. 级别（或职位）低下的；年少的；初中的
junior high school 初级中学
be junior to sb. 比某人级别低/资历浅/年纪小
[文化拓展] 美国大学年级：
freshman (大一新生) → sophomore (大二学生) → junior (大三学生) → senior (大四学生)
3. challenge
n. 挑战；质疑
meet / face a challenge 迎接/面对挑战
accept / take up / rise to a challenge 接受挑战，迎战
the challenge of doing sth. 做某事的挑战
She is ready to meet the challenge of studying abroad. 她已经准备好迎接出国留学的挑战。
v. 怀疑；向……挑战
challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战某事
He challenged me to a game of tennis. 他向我挑战，要和我打一场网球。
challenge sb. to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事
[词形转换]
challenging adj. 有挑战性的
challenger n. 挑战者
4. positive & negative
positive adj. 积极的；乐观的；肯定的；阳性的
be positive about sth. 对……有信心/积极乐观
have a positive attitude towards / to... 对……持积极态度
have a positive effect on... 对……有积极影响
A positive attitude can have a great effect on your life. 积极的态度能对你的人生产生巨大影响。
negative adj. 消极的；负面的；否定的；阴性的
5. opportunity & chance
opportunity n. 机会，时机（通常指做某件想做或该做的事的有利时机）
have the opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事
take / seize the opportunity to do sth. 抓住机会做某事
This is a golden opportunity you can't miss. 这是一个你不能错过的绝佳机会。
chance n. 机会（更常用，可指偶然或意想不到的机会）
chances are that... 很可能……
Chances are that he has already heard the news. 他很可能已经听到那个消息了。
6. lie in 存在；在于
The beauty of the plan lies in its simplicity. 这个计划的妙处在于它很简单。
[易混辨析]
lie 躺；位于 lay-lain -lying
lie 说谎 lied - lied - lying
lay 放置；产卵 laid - laid - laying
7. rise to 能够处理，胜任
rise to the occasion / challenge 成功应对困局/挑战
It was a big challenge, but my team rose to the occasion. 这是一个巨大的挑战，但我的团队成功应对了。
rise to one's feet 站起来
8. effort n. 努力
make an / every effort to do sth. 尽力做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事
put effort into (doing) sth. 投入精力做某事
in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事
with effort 努力地 | without effort 毫不费力地
9. advance
n. 前进；发展
make an advance / make advances in... 在……方面取得进展
in advance 提前
in advance of... 在……前面；超过
v. 前进；发展；提出
He took the new job to advance his career. 他接受了这份新工作以求职业发展。
[词形转换]
advanced adj. 高级的；先进的
10. confidence n. 自信；信任
have confidence in... 对……有信心
I have great confidence in your ability to succeed. 我对你的成功很有信心。
with confidence 自信地
[词形转换]
confident adj. 自信的；有把握的
be confident of / about sth. 对某事有把握
be confident that... 确信……
confidently adv. 自信地
11. make a difference (to) 对……有影响；起作用
Your help made a big difference to the project's success. 你的帮助对这个项目的成功起了很大作用。
[相关拓展]
tell the difference between A and B 辨别A和B的区别
differ v. 不同于 (differ from... 与……不同；differ in... 在……方面不同)
12. make the most of 充分利用，尽情享受
= make full use of / make the best of
辨析：make the most of 侧重于从好的事物中获得最大价值；make the best of 常指在不利情况下尽力而为。
We should make the most of our time at school. 我们应该充分利用在校时间。
13. take advantage of 利用
She took advantage of the good weather to go for a hike. 她利用好天气去远足了。
[注意] 该短语有时含贬义，意为“（为一己之私）利用（某人或某事）”。
[相关拓展]
have an advantage over... 比……有优势
14. goal n. 目标；球门
set a goal 设定目标
achieve / reach / attain one's goal 实现某人的目标
[同义词] aim, purpose, objective, target
15. balance
n. 平衡；均衡
keep / lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡
keep a balance between A and B 保持A和B之间的平衡
v. 使保持平衡；权衡
You need to balance your work and personal life. 你需要平衡工作和个人生活。
[词形转换]
balanced adj. 均衡的 (a balanced diet 均衡饮食)
imbalance n. 不平衡
16. character n. 性格；品质；特点；人物；文字
in character 符合某人性格 | out of character 不符合某人性格
[词形转换]
characteristic n. 特征，特点 adj. 特有的，典型的
Patience is one of his main characteristics. 耐心是他的主要性格特点之一。
17. responsible adj. 负责的；有责任心的
be responsible for... 对……负责
Everyone is responsible for protecting the environment. 每个人都有责任保护环境。
[词形转换]
responsibility n. 责任；职责
take / shoulder responsibility for... 为……承担责任
a sense of responsibility 责任感
respond v. 回答；回应 (respond to... 对……做出反应)
response n. 回答；反应 (in response to... 作为对……的回应)
18. focus
v. 集中（精力、注意力等）
focus on / upon sth. 集中于/专注于某事
focus one's attention on... 把注意力集中在……
n. 中心；焦点
be in focus 焦距对准的，清晰的 | be out of focus 焦距没对准的，模糊的
bring... into focus 使……成为焦点
19. base
v. 以……为基础
base... on / upon... 把……建立在……的基础上
The film is based on a true story. 这部电影是根据一个真实的故事改编的。
[词形转换]
basis n. 基础；根据 (on the basis of... 在……的基础上)
basic adj. 基础的
20. remind v. 提醒；使想起
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人去做某事
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事
This photo reminds me of my happy childhood. 这张照片让我想起了我快乐的童年。
remind sb. that... 提醒某人……
21. stick to 坚持；遵守；黏住
You must stick to your principles. 你必须坚守原则。
stick to one's word 信守诺言
[拓展] stick 的其他用法：
v. 刺；插 (The nurse stuck the needle into my arm.)
v. 卡住；陷住 (I am stuck in a traffic jam. 我遇上堵车了。)
n. 棍子；手杖
22. propose v. 提议，建议；打算；求婚
propose doing sth. 建议做某事
propose that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事（虚拟语气）
He proposed that a new committee (should) be set up. 他建议成立一个新的委员会。
propose to do sth. 打算做某事
propose to sb. 向某人求婚
[词形转换]
proposal n. 提议，建议 (make a proposal 提出建议)
23. aim
v. 力求达到；瞄准
aim to do / at doing sth. 力求做某事
be aimed at (doing) sth. 目的是（做）某事；旨在
n. 目标；目的
with the aim of... 目的在于……
24. attract v. 吸引
attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
be attracted to... 喜爱；被……所吸引（强调主观上的喜爱）
be attracted by... 被……所吸引（强调被动被外物吸引）
[词形转换]
attractive adj. 有吸引力的
attraction n. 吸引；吸引力
25. look forward to 盼望；期待
注意：to 是介词，后面必须跟名词、代词或动名词（doing）。
I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我期待尽快收到你的来信。
26. independent adj. 自主的；有主见的；独立的
be independent of... 不依赖……；独立于……
[词形转换]
independence n. 独立
depend v. 依赖；取决于 (depend on...)
dependent adj. 依赖的 (be dependent on...)
dependence n. 依赖
27. well-rounded adj. 全面发展的；面面俱到的
The school aims to provide a well-rounded education for all its students. 学校旨在为所有学生提供全面发展的教育。
28. acquire v. 获得；学到 (通常指通过努力获得知识、技能等)
acquire knowledge / a skill 获得知识/技能
He spent years acquiring his knowledge of Chinese art. 他花了好几年时间才获得了关于中国艺术的知识。
[词形转换]
acquisition n. 获得；习得 (language acquisition 语言习得)
29. detail
n. 细节；详情
in detail 详细地
Please tell me the whole story in detail. 请把故事的来龙去脉详细地告诉我。
go into detail(s) 详细叙述
v. 详细说明
[词形转换]
detailed adj. 详细的 (a detailed report 一份详细的报告)
30. exchange
v. 交换；交流；兑换
exchange A for B 用A换B
It is possible to exchange dollars for local currency at the airport. 在机场可以把美元兑换成当地货币。
exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换/交流某物
Students were encouraged to exchange ideas with each other. 学生们被鼓励互相交流想法。
n. 交换；交流
in exchange for... 作为……的交换
He offered me his concert ticket in exchange for a lift to the station. 他用他的音乐会门票换取我开车送他去车站。
31. alarm
v. 使惊恐，使害怕
n. 恐慌；警报；闹钟
in alarm 惊恐地
raise / sound the alarm 发出警报
[词形转换]
alarming adj. 令人担忧的；使人惊恐的
The world's population is increasing at an alarming rate. 世界人口正以惊人的速度增长。
alarmed adj. 惊恐的；担忧的
I was alarmed at/by the news of the earthquake. 我对地震的消息感到震惊。
32. attitude n. 态度；看法
attitude towards / to sth. 对某事的态度
He has a very positive attitude to his work. 他对工作的态度非常积极。
[常见描述词]
positive (积极的), negative (消极的), optimistic (乐观的), pessimistic (悲观的), indifferent (冷漠的), supportive (支持的), opposed (反对的)
33. improve v. 改进，改善
You can improve your English by reading more. 你可以通过多阅读来提高你的英语水平。
[词形转换]
improvement n. 改善；提高
make a (great) improvement in... 在……方面取得（巨大）进步
There has been a big improvement in his study this term. 这学期他的学习有了很大进步。
34. equal
adj. 相等的；平等的；能胜任的
be equal to sth. / doing sth. 等同于……；能胜任做某事
He proved that he was equal to the task. 他证明了自己能胜任这项任务。
v. 等于；比得上
No one can equal him in terms of creativity. 在创造力方面，无人能及。
[词形转换]
equality n. 平等
equally adv. 平等地；同样地
35. ahead adv. 向前；提前
ahead of sb./sth. 在……前面
ahead of time / schedule 提前
We finished the project three days ahead of schedule. 我们比计划提前三天完成了项目。
[辨析] ahead of time vs. in advance
两者都意为“提前”，通常可以互换。in advance 更常用于表示为未来某事做准备，如 book tickets in advance (提前订票)。ahead of time 侧重于比预定时间早。
36. forward adv. 向前；向将来
look forward to (doing) sth. 盼望（做）某事
put forward 提出（计划、建议等）
A new proposal has been put forward. 一个新的提议被提了出来。
37. last but not least 最后但同样重要的是
这是一个常用的连接语，用于引出一系列要点中的最后一点，并强调其重要性。
I would like to thank my parents, my teachers, and, last but not least, my friends. 我想感谢我的父母，我的老师，以及最后但同样重要的，我的朋友们。
二、语法梳理
1. 不定式作定语 (Infinitive as Attribute)
当名词如 potential, opportunity, effort, ability, way, goal 等后面需要一个动作来修饰时，常用不定式（to do）作后置定语。
Everyone has the potential to contribute something to the group.
We must make every effort to finish the work on time.
2. 介词 "to" + 动名词 (Preposition "to" + Gerund)
在一些短语中，"to" 是介词，而不是不定式符号，因此后面必须跟名词或动名词（-ing形式）。本单元务必掌握：
look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事
be senior / junior to sb. 比某人年长/年轻
be equal to doing sth. 能胜任做某事
have a positive attitude to sth. 对某事有积极态度
in response to sth. 作为对某事的回应
3. 虚拟语气 (Subjunctive Mood)
在 propose (建议) 后的 that 从句中，谓语动词需要使用虚拟语气，即 (should) + 动词原形。
He proposed that we (should) hold a meeting immediately. 他建议我们立即开会。
类似的动词还有：suggest (建议), demand (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持要求) 等。

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