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Unit 8 Protecting the environment
8.4
Global warming
1 Read the questions and give your answers.
A What problems do you think our environment is facing now
B Do you think these problems are related to human activities？
与······相关；和······有联系
2 Read the passage and write true (T) or false (F).
The earth is getting hotter. We call it global warming. What makes this happen People burn things like gas，oil，and coal. They cut down trees and create a lot of waste. These are major reasons for global warming.
[动词]发生；碰巧
把······砍倒；减少
Global warming affects everything on the planet. It′s like getting a fever. If we have a few degrees′ increase in body temperature，we feel sick. The same goes for our planet. The effects of global warming are serious. For example，snow and ice in the North Pole are starting to melt.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If 引导的条件状语从句。
[形容词] 生病的，有病的
[形容词]严重的；严肃的；认真的
This causes the oceans′ water level to rise， which can lead to more floods and storms.
Thankfully，we can help slow down global warming by taking some simple action. Instead of driving，we can choose to walk or bike.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整个主句的内容。
[动词]导致；造成；引起
[动词]上升；(太阳、月亮等)升起；增加；站起来
代替；而不是
Turn off devices we aren′t using like TVs and lights. Another great way to help is by planting trees in our community and doing other “green” activities. Just by making some small changes in our daily lives，we can play a role in addressing global warming.
关闭；关掉
[动词] 设法解决；演讲
A Global warming is mainly caused by nature. ( )
B Global warming affects everything on the planet. ( )
C Planting trees is a great way to slowdown global warming.
( )
F
T
T
3 Read the passage again and complete the mind map.
Global warming
reason
solution
effect
burn things like __________，__________，and __________
___________down trees
create a lot of ______________
gas
oil
coal
cut
waste
Snow and ice in the North Pole are starting to ______.
The oceans′ water level is ___________.
Global warming
reason
solution
effect
melt
rising
choose to ________ or _______.
turn off _______________________________ _____________________________________.
plant trees and do other“green” __________
Global warming
reason
solution
effect
walk
bike
devices we aren′t using like TVs and lights
activities
4 Are there things you can do to slow down global warming Think and tick.
□ Use energy sources such as solar and wind power.
□ Let people around you know about the harm of global warming.
□ Take shorter showers to save water and energy used for heating the water.
□ Choose environmentally-friendly products with less packaging.




□ Use things again or recycle them for other purposes.
□ Attend environmental clubs to learn more about the environment.
□ Try to eat less meat and more vegetables.



5 There are many other environmental problems, Think and write about one of them.
A What is the problem
B What do you think are the causes of this problem
C What are its effects
D What should we do to solve this problem
1. Do you think these problems are related to human activities 你认为这些问题与人类活动有关吗 (教材第 106 页，1)
be related to 与······相关；和······有联系
Your taste in music is related to your personality.
你的音乐鉴赏力跟你的个性有关。
[拓展]
① relate [动词] 把······联系起来
relate... to... 把······和······联系起来
I can′t relate what he does to what he says.
我没法把他做的和说的联系起来。
② relationship [名词] 联系，关系
She has a very close relationship with her younger sister.
她和她妹妹关系非常亲密。
③ relative [名词] 亲戚
Get a relative to look after the children.
找个亲戚来照看这些孩子。
2. What makes this happen 是什么导致了这种情况的发生 (教材第 106 页，2)
happen [动词] 发生；碰巧
happen 作动词，在此处意为“发生”，尤指偶然发生。
常见用法如下：
① sth. happen(s)/happened＋地点/时间 某事发生在某地/某时
The story happened in Beijing. 这个故事发生在北京。
② sth. happen(s)/happened to sb. 某事发生在某人身上
A car accident happened to him this morning.
今天早上他出车祸了。
③ sb. happen(s)/happened to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事
I happened to know that my father used to collect stamps.
我碰巧知道我爸爸以前常常收集邮票。
④ It happens/happened that... 碰巧······
It happened that her parents were both out.
碰巧她的父母都不在家。
[拓展]
take place 意为“发生”，常表示有计划、有组织地发生或举行。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1980.
自1980年以来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
[注意]
happen 和 take place 不用于被动语态。
3. They cut down trees and create a lot of waste. 他们砍伐树木并产生大量废物。(教 材第 106 页，2)
cut down 把······砍倒；减少
cut down 为“动词＋副词”型短语，当其宾语为代词时，代词应置于 cut 和 down 之间；当其宾语为名词时，名词置于 cut 和 down 之间或 down 之后均可。cut 的过去式和过去分词均为 cut。
[拓展]
cut 的其他常见搭配：
cut up 切碎
cut off 切掉；打断；中断
cut out 停止运转；裁剪
He cut up the meat. 他把肉切碎了。
Our water supply has been cut off. 我们断水了。
The engine cut out.发动机熄火了。
4. If we have a few degrees increase in body temperature，we feel sick. 如果我们的体温升高几度，我们会感到不适。(教材第 106 页，2)
increase / n kri:s/ [名词] ①增加；增长；增大
The increase in population makes it hard for the earth to support so many people.
人口的增长使地球难以供养如此多的人。
increase ② [动词] 增加；增长；增多
increase to 增加到 (后接增长后所得的数)
increase by 增加了(后接增加了的数量、倍数或百分数)
4. If we have a few degrees increase in body temperature，we feel sick. 如果我们的体温升高几度，我们会感到不适。(教材第 106 页，2)
sick [形容词] 生病的，有病的
Mary can′t come today because she is sick.
玛丽今天不能来了，因为她生病了。(作表语)
I have to look after my sick grandpa.
我得照顾生病的(外)祖父。(作定语)
[辨析]
sick 与 ill
sick 生病的，有病 可作表语、定语、补语
恶心的，想吐的 通常作表语、补语
ill 有病，不舒服 通常作表语、补语
[注意]
sick 可以和定冠词 the 连用，表示名词的意义，指一类人；而 ill 没有这样的用法。
The nurses are looking after the sick.
护士正在照看病人。
5. The effects of global warming are serious. 全球变暖的影响是严重的。(教材第 106 页，2)
serious / s ri s/ [形容词] 严重的；严肃的；认真的
serious 的副词形式为 seriously，意为“严重地；严肃地；认真地”。
What was worse，he developed a serious illness and became blind. 更糟糕的是，他得了一场重病失明了。
常见搭配：
be serious about sb./sth. 意为“认真对待某人/某事”；
同义短语为： take sb./sth. seriously.
You should be serious about the problem.
＝You should take the problem seriously.
你应该认真对待这个问题。
[拓展]
nothing serious 不严重；没什么问题
It′s nothing serious，but you′d better stay in bed for a day or two.
不严重，但是你最好卧床休息一两天。
6. This causes the oceans′ water level to rise，which can lead to more floods and storms. 这导致海洋水位上升，从而可能引发更多的洪水和暴风雨。(教材第 106 页，2)
cause /k :z/ [动词] 导致；造成；引起
cause的常见用法如下：
① cause sth. 导致某种后果
Smoking may cause lung cancer. 吸烟可能导致肺癌。
② cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
A traffic accident caused him to lose his leg.
一场交通事故导致他失去了他的腿。
③ cause sb. sth. 给某人造成······
He caused his friends much unhappiness.
他弄得他的朋友们很不愉快。
[拓展]
① cause 作名词，意为“原因”。常见搭配 the cause of 意为“······的原因”。
In my opinion，reading on mobile phones too often is one of the causes of having poor eyesight.
在我看来，经常在手机上阅读是导致视力差的原因之一。
② cause 作名词，意为“理由”。
We have no cause to question his honesty.
我们没有理由来质疑他的诚。
③ cause 作名词，意为“事业；奋斗目标”。
World peace is a cause we should all work for.
争取世界和平是一项我们都应该为之努力的事业。
6. This causes the oceans′ water level to rise，which can lead to more floods and storms. 这导致海洋水位上升，从而可能引发更多的洪水和暴风雨。(教材第 106 页，2)
rise [动词] 上升；(太阳、月亮等)升起；增加；站起来
rise 的过去式为 rose，过去分词为 risen。当 rise 作“(太阳、月亮等) 升起”讲时，其反义词为 set，意为“(太阳、月亮等)落下”。
[辨析]
rise 与 raise
rise 不及物动词 “上升；升起；增加；站起来”，指自然界的日、月等升起,也可指人或事物自身不借助外力站起来
raise 及物 动词 “提升；举起”，指使人或事物借助外力升高，如 raise one′s hand“举手”
7. Instead of driving，we can choose to walk or bike. 代替开车，我们可以选择步行或骑自行车。(教材第 106 页，2)
instead of 代替；而不是
其后接名词、代词或动词 -ing 形式。
She went to the library instead of staying at home.
她去图书馆了，而不是待在家里。
[辨析]
instead of 与 instead
instead of 短语 介词 常用于句中，后跟名词、代词或动词 -ing 形式
instead 副词 既可用于句首，又可用于句尾。当用于句首时，其后常用逗号与后面的内容隔开
8. Turn off devices we aren′t using like TVs and lights. 关闭我们不使用的设备，如电视或电灯。(教材第 106 页，2)
turn off 关闭；关掉
turn off 为短语动词，多指关闭水龙头、煤气、电灯等，其反义短语为 turn on，意为“打开”。
Please turn off the tap when you leave.你离开时请关掉水龙头。
I want to turn on the television. 我想打开电视机。
[拓展]
① turn up 开大；调高
Could you turn up the radio，please
请把收音机开大点声好吗
② turn down 关小；调低
Would you mind turning down the TV
你介意把电视的音量调低一点儿吗？
[中考链接]
(2024 江苏连云港中考) To live a green life，we should remember to ________ the lights when we leave a room.
A. turn on B. turn off
C. turn up D. turn down
B
9. Just by making some small changes in our daily lives，we can play a role in addressing global warming. 仅仅通过在日常生活中作出一些小的改变，我们就能在应对全球变暖方面发挥作用。(教材第 106 页，2)
address / dres/ ①[动词] 设法解决；演讲
He will address a meeting tomorrow.
他明天将在会议上发表演讲。
address ②[名词] 地址；演讲
Is that your home address 那是你的家庭住址吗
They interrupted his address. 他们打断了他的演讲。
I. 根据汉语提示填写单词
1. That doesn′t__________ (发生) very often.
2. There is no _________ (理由) for concern.
3. ___________ (幸亏)，no one was hurt.
4. A few minutes later the ___________ (暴风雨) broke.
5. Be ___________ (严肃的) for a moment.
happen
cause
Thankfully
storm
serious
Ⅱ. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. There is no reason __________(blame) yourself.
2. Water freezes at zero __________ (degree) Celsius.
3. Smoking ____________ (serious) damages your health.
4. I accepted the invitation __________ (thankful).
5. __________ (act) speak louder than words.
to blame
degrees
seriously
thankfully
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