资源简介

(共74张PPT)
动词
动词种类
Contents
连系动词
情态动词
助动词
实义动词
One
连系动词
“一感”
“二变”
“三保持”
“还有一个Be动词”
taste, smell, look, sound, feel
become, turn, get, go, grow, fall
keep, stay，remain
be (am, is, are, was, were,been)
taste
smell
look
sound
feel
尝起来... ...
闻起来... ...
看起来... ...
听起来... ...
感觉... .../摸起来... ...
The soup tastes nice.
The flowers smell good.
This school looks beautiful.
That music sounds cool.
Doing yoga feels relaxing.
become
turn
get
go
grow
fall
keep
stay
keep healthy = stay healthy 保持健康
一般现在时
一般过去时
am
is
are
was
were
was
现在完成时
been
Two
实义动词
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。
及物动词（ vt.）
不及物动词（vi.）
主+ 谓+宾
主+ 谓
及物动词
后面必须跟宾语，意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词（transitive verb）。
英语中的及物动词有：interest，worry，guess,please,surprise,love等
例如：I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.
我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
“How long can I keep the book ”Harry asked.
哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久 ”
Dr. Bethune set us a good example.
白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。
Crude oil contains many useful substances.
原油含有许多有用的物质。
不及物动词
(1)本身意义完整，后面不用跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词（intransitive verb）。
Birds can fly.
鸟会飞。
It happened in June 1932.
这件事发生于一九三二年六月。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.
她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
(2) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。
这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：
(a) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。试比较：
Shall I begin at once
我可以立刻开始吗 (begin作不及物动词）
She began working as a librarian after she left school.
她毕业后当图书馆管理员。（began作及物动词）
When did they leave Chicago
他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？（leave 作及物动词）
They left last week.
他们是上周离开的。（left 作不及物动词）
(b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同。如：
Wash your hands before meals.
饭前要洗手。
Does this cloth wash well
这布经得起洗吗
不及物动词加介词秒变及物用法
He laughed
He runs
She waited
It is looking
I am listening
me.
her.
them.
the painting.
the music.
主
谓
宾
at
after
for
at
to
vi.
prep.
主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于："主+谓+宾"；"主+谓+双宾"；"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如：
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
类似的还有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....
主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用于："主+谓"结构。
This is the room which I once lived in.
This is the room in which I once lived.
This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有：agree 同意, go 去 , work 工作,
listen 听, look 看, come来, die 死, belong 属于,
fall 掉落, exist 存在, rise, 上升 arrive 到, sit坐,
sail 航海, hurry 匆忙 , fail 失败, succeed 成功
既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。
everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game.
类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....
既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。
如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。
we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.
作及物动词时是"升高；举起"。
He lifted his glass and drank.
类似的还有：
beat　vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打;　
grow vi.生长 vt.种植
play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏
smell vi.发出（气味） vt. 嗅
ring　vi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话　
speak vi.讲话　vt. 说（语言）
hang　vi. 悬挂 vt.　绞死　
operate vi.动手术　vt. 操作
少数不及物动词可跟的宾语是同源宾语，
如：I dreamed a sweet dream last night.
They lived a happy life.
类似的还有：同源宾语前面通常带有定语。
比如：fight a good fight
breathe a deep breath
laugh a foolish laugh
smile a forced smile
dream a sweet dream
不及物动词没有被动语态。appearAppear calmcome
Come easy (safe)
go Go mad (crazy, bad, sour, wrong, hungry, blind)
get Get angry (ill, wet, excited, married, paid)
fall Fall asleep( fall ill, fall short, fall flat)
feel Feel good (sleepy)
keep Keep quiet (silent)
look Look fit (well, young, tired)
make Make certain (sure, ready, a good teacher)
prove Prove an effective method (correct, accurate)
remain Remain still (unchanged)restRest satisfied (content)
rise Rise red
seem Seem happy
stand Stand still
stay Stay young (stay fresh, the same)
turn Turn teacher =become a teacher (yellow)
turn out Turn out true
happen happen to sb
Three
助动词
do
does
did
be
助动词本身无词义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与动词连用，帮助构成各种时态，语态，否定句，和疑问句等。
一般现在时：
一般过去时：
现在进行时：
一般将来时：
现在完成时：
will
have
shall
has
具体用法
be的用法
1）be+现在分词，构成进行时态。如：
They are having a meeting.
他们正在开会。
English is becoming more and more important.
英语变得越来越重要。
2）be+过去分词，构成被动语态。如：
The window was broken by Tom.
窗户被Tom打破了。
be+动词不定式
1）表示最近、未来的计划或安排。如：
He is to go to New York next week.
他下周要去纽约。
We are to teach the fresh persons.
我们要教新生。
但应注意：这种用法也可以说是一种将来时态的表达法。
2）表示命令。如：
You are to explain this.
对此你要作出解释。
He is to come to the office this afternoon.
他今天下午要来办公室。
3）表示征求意见。如：
How am I to answer him
我该怎样答复他？
Who is to go there
谁该去那儿呢？
4）表示相约、商定。如：
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.
我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。
have的用法
一、have作助动词
主要变化形式：have，has，had
动名词/现在分词：having
1）have +过去分词，构成完成时态，例：
He has left for London.　
他已去了伦敦。
By the end of last month， they had finished half of their work.
上月末为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。
2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时（现在完成时），例：
I have been studying English for ten years.
我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。
3）have/has+been +过去分词，构成完成时态的被动语态，例：
The sports meet has been put off until n-ext Friday.
运动会已经推迟到下周五了。
肯定式 否定式 疑问式
现在时 have（got）
或have haven't（got）或don't have have I（got）？ 或do you have？
过去时 had hadn't（got)或didn't have had you（got) 或did you have？
二、have作普通动词形式
为表示习惯动作，do与have连用：— Do you have earthquakes in your country？
你们国家地震吗？— Yes，but we don't have them very often.
有，但不经常。
have意指take（a meal）（吃），give（a party）
（举行）等。We have lunch at one.我们1点钟吃饭。They are having a party tomorrow.他们明天举行聚会。I hope you'll have a good holiday.我希望你愉快地度过假期。
do的用法
形式
主要变化形式：do，did，done，does
动名词/现在分词：doing
1） 构成一般疑问句，例如：
Do you want to pass the CET 　
你想通过大学英语测试吗？
Did you study German 　
你们学过德语吗？
2） do + not 构成否定句，例如：
I do not want to be criticized.　
我不想挨批评。
He doesn't like to study.　
他不想学习。
In the past， many students did not know the importance of English.　
过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。
3)　构成否定祈使句，例如：
Don't go there.　
不要去那里。
Don't be so absent-minded.　
不要这么心不在焉。
Don't make a noise in the corridor.
不要在走廊里大声喧哗。
说明： 构成否定祈使句只用do。
4） 放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气，例如：
Do come to my birthday party please.　
请一定来参加我的生日宴会。
I did go there.　
我确实去那儿了。
I do miss you.　
我确实想你。我真想你了！
5） 用于倒装句，例如：
Never did I hear of such a thing.　
我从未听说过这样的事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.
只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。
说明： 引导此类倒装句的副词有never， seldom， rarely， little， only， so， well等。
6） 用作代替动词，例如：
---- Do you like Beijing 　
--你喜欢北京吗？
---- Yes， I do.　
--是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.）
He knows how to drive a car， doesn't he
他知道如何开车，对吧？
Four
情态动词
can
may
must
should
might
have to
情态动词本身具有一定的意义，不能单独做谓语，没有人称和数的变化，后面需接动词原形。
need
dare
can用于所有人称的现在时及将来时的句子中。
could用于所有人称的过去时及条件句中。
否定式：can not/can't，could not/couldn't
疑问式：can I？could I？等
否定疑问式：can I not？/can't I？could I not？/couldn't I？等
注意，对于could 引导的一般疑问句，回答时用can
例句：---Could I open the window
---Yes, you can.
表示许可的can的其他形式可用于allow，be allowded的相应形式代替。
can与不带to的不定式连用。
can
I/She/They can dance. 我/她/他们会跳舞。
（1）表示体力或智力上的能力，“能”“会”
（2）表示请求或许可时，相当于may，“可以”
Can I help you = May I help you
Can I use your bike = May I use your bike
（3）表示可能性
Can she be at home 她可能在家吗？
No, she can’t be at home. 她不可能在家。
may用来表示许可
may用于所有人称的现在时及将来时句子中。
might用于所有人称的过去时及条件句中。
否定形式：may not/mayn't，might not/mightn't
疑问式：may I？might I？等
否定疑问式：may I not？/mayn't I 等
表示许可的may的其他形式可用allow，be allowed的相应形式代替。
may后面接不带to的不定式（即动词原形）。
may
—May I come in
（1）表示征求意见
（2）表示猜测，“可能”
She may know the answer.
She may be right.
—Yes, you can/may.
—No, you can’t/mustn’t.
注意：在回答以may引导的问句时，一般说来避免使用may，以免显得太严厉，或不太客气，而改用其他方式。
----May I come in
----Yes,please./Sure./Certainly.
----Please don’t.
----N哦，you mustn’t.
must
—Must she leave
（1）必须
（2）表示猜测，“一定”
She must know the answer.
She must be right.
—Yes, she must.
—No, she needn’t/doesn’t have to.
have to
不得不，必须，强调客观需求
I got up late this morning, so I had to take a taxi to school.
must
必须，表示的是说话人的主观看法
意思接近，有时可以互换。如：
I must go now.
It is a little late and I have to go now.
shall和will的用法
shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如：

I shall study harder at English.　
我将更加努力地学习英语。
He will go to Shanghai.　
他要去上海。

说明：
在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。如今，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:

He shall come.　
他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）
He will come.　
他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）

shall在疑问句中，用于第一，第三人称，征求对方意愿
shall I turn on the light 要开灯吗 ( 我把灯打开好吗 )
shall he come to see you 他要不要来看你
(比较: will he come to see you 他会不会来看你)
shall 用在陈述句， 与第二第三人称连用， 变为情态动词 表示允诺，命令，警告，和说话人的决心等。
should和would的用法
1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，例如：

I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.
我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。

比较：
"What shall I do next week "　I asked.
"我下周干什么？"我问道。
（可以说，shall变成直接引语时，变成了should。）
2） would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称，例如：
He said he would come.　
他说他要来。

比较：
"I will go，" he said.
他说："我要去那儿。"
变成间接引语，就成了：
He said he would come.
原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。
过去式从原来的go变为came。
3） would，should，could，might 无词义，与动词的原型构成虚拟语气。如：

We would have finished our paper if we had been given five more minutes.
假如再有5分钟，我们就答完试卷了。
must一般疑问句的否定回答是平时考试的重点，所以同学们要注意这个考点。
Must开头的句子并不一定要用must回答，该句的否定中要用need和have to来参与作答。）
must与need开头的疑问句其肯定回答都要用must；否定回答都用needn't）
练一练
1. 用can或be able to 填空:
1)He drive but he hasn't got a car.
2)I can't understand Jack. I've never_____understand him.
3)I used to stand on my head but I can't do it now.
4)I can't see you on Friday but I_____meet you on Saturday morning.
5)Ask Jane about your problem. She might______help you.
1.1) can 2) been able to 3) be able to 4) can 5) be able to
用 can 或 could 填空:
1)I'm really hungry. I eat a horse!
2)It's so nice here. I stay here all day but I have to go.
3)"I can't find my bag. Have you seen it "
"No, but it______ be in the car."
4)Peter is a musician.
He plays the violin and he____ also play the piano.
5)The weather is nice now but it______change later.
2. 1) could 2) could 3) could 4) can 5)could
用 may或 might 回答问题:
1) Where are you going for your holiday (to Hainan)
I haven't decided yet. I may/might go to Hainan.
2) What are you going to do this weekend (visit my grandma)
I am not sure yet.
3) Where are you going to hang this picture (in the dining room)
I haven't made up my mind yet. __
4) When is Aunt coming to see us (on Saturday)
I don't know yet.
5) What are you going to do when you leave school (go to university)
I haven't decided yet.
I may/might go to visit my grandma.
I may/might hang it in the dining room.
She may/might come on Saturday.
I may/might go to university.
用must 或have to 完成下列句子:
1)Jack left before the end of the meeting. He go home early.
2)When you go to Beijing, you go to visit the Great Wall.
3)Last Sunday I was ill. I go to see a doctor.
4)I get up early tomorrow. There are a lot of things to do.
5)You really work harder if you want to pass the examination.
6)Jack doesn't like his new job. Sometimes he work at weekends.
1) had to 2) must 3) had to 4) must 5) must/have to 6) has to
用mustn't 或don't/doesn't have to 完成下列句子:
1)I don't want anyone to know. You tell anyone.
2)I can stay in bed tomorrow because I go to work.
3)There's a lift in the building, so we climb the stairs.
4)You forget what I told you. It's very important.
5)You be a good player to enjoy a game of tennis.
6)Don't make so much noise. We wake the baby.
1) mustn't 2) don't have to 3) don't have to 4) mustn't 5) don't have to 6) mustn't
选择最佳答案填空：
1) — May I take this magazine out of the reading room
— . Please read it here.
A. Certainly B. No, you needn't C. No, you can't D. No, you may not
2) Many of the stars because they are far away from us.
A. may not see B. cannot be seen C. mustn't be seen D. needn't see
3) — Who is the man over there Is it Mr Li
— No, it be him. Mr Li is much taller.
A. can't B. may not C. mustn't D. needn't be
1)C 2) B 3) A
4) I have my own room in my house, so I do whatever I want in it.
A. must B. have to C. need to D. can
5) — I speak to Jill, Mrs Black
— Sorry, she's not in. She be back after five.
A. May; need B. Can; may C. Can; must D. Must; may
6) — Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon
— I'd love to. But I'm afraid I . I have too much work to do.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not
7)— Could I borrow your dictionary
— Yes, of course you .
A. might B. will C. can D. should
4) D 5) B 6) A 7) C
8) Mike's car broke down but luckily he_____________to repair it.
A. can B. could C. might D. was able
9) She didn't know where she find wild roses.
A. may B. could C. can D. is able
10) you pass me a pen I'd like to write down the telephone number.
A. Need B. Could C. Must D. Should
11) He always wears smart suits. He a businessman.
A. can be B. could be C. will be D. is able to
8) D 9) B 10) B 11) B
参考答案
1. 1) can 2) been able to 3) be able to 4) can 5) be able to
2. 1) could 2) could 3) could 4) can 5) could
3. 1)C 2) B 3) A 4) D 5) B 6) A 7) C 8) D 9) B 10) B 11) B
4. 1) I may/might go to Hainan.
2)I may/might go to visit my grandma.
3)I may/might hang it in the dining room.
4)She may/might come on Saturday.
5)I may/might go to university.
5. 1) might rain 2) might wake 3) might need 4) might bite 5) might break
6. 1) had to 2) must 3) had to 4) must 5) must/have to 6) has to
7. 1) mustn't 2) don't have to 3) don't have to 4) mustn't 5) don't have to 6) mustn't
考 考 你 ！
翻译下列句子
1. 蛋糕尝起来棒极了。
______________________________
2. 我们应该保持开心。
______________________________
3. 我可以借你的英语书吗？
______________________________
4. 他必须努力学习。
______________________________
5. 我们不得不离开。
______________________________
The cake tastes really good.
We should keep/stay happy.
Can/May I borrow your English book
He must study hard.
We have to leave.
THANK YOU

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