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(共34张PPT)
情态动词
Modal Verb
Learning Objectives
You are able to know the definition and common modal verbs.
You are able to know how to use modal verbs.
You are able to make sentences by using modal verbs.
After the lesson,
目录Contents
动词分类
定义
特征
常见用法
情态动词
01
动词分类
情态动词
Modal Verb
动词
实意动词
连系动词
助动词
情态动词
有实际意义的动词
无动词意义，连接作用
本身无意义，起帮助作用do, does, did
表示情绪和态度，增加感彩
可独立作谓语
不可独立作谓语
She is a dancer.
He reads English everyday.
I do not like the red coat.
Andy can play the piano.
阅读以下短对话，标出其中的情态动词和实义动词。
Read and underline.
A: Can you give me a few minutes
B: Sorry, I can’t. I’m running out of time now.
A: I want to be a good mechanic in the future.
Then you should be a good learner first.
P109
阅读以下短对话，标出其中的情态动词和实义动词。
Read and underline.
A: May I borrow your chair
B: Yes, of course.
A: Tu Youyou is a great scientist, isn’t she
B: Yes. We must show our respect for her.
A: Did you know that Jim had some serious health problems
B: Oh, yes. He ought to stop smoking right now.
P109
02
定义
情态动词
Modal Verb
表示说话人的语气、情感和态度，这样的动词称为情态动词。。
常用的情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to, will, would, shall, should, need, dare等。
03
特征
1、情态动词+动词原形
She can speak Japanese.
2、不能单独做谓语,要和动词原形一起构成谓语动词
We should help her.
3. 无人称和数的变化
Jim can play the violin.
特征
例句
情态动词 + V原
情态动词
Modal Verb
They _____ speak Russian. (can)
Lucy and Lily _____ play table tennis. (can)
can
can
情态动词
Grammar
Could you teach me a little bit about it
More people could buy paper and use it to record and share knowledge.
I can’t live without it.
Should I go there
The Jingzhang Railway must go through an area of hills and mountains.
P109
请找出下列句子中的谓语部分。
04
常见用法
1、can, could 的用法
1). 表示能力、技能。
She can run fast, but I can’t. 她能跑得快，但我不能。
Can you swim 你会游泳吗？
2). 表示请求、允许。
--- Can I leave now 我现在可以离开了吗？
--- Yes, you can. ( No, you can’t.)
3). 表示推测，译为“可能”，常用于否定句、疑问句中，此时can’t译为“不可能”。
Can the news be true
这个消息会是真的吗？
This can’t be done by him.
这个不可能是他干的。
情态动词
Modal Verb
1、can, could 的用法
4). 在疑问句中，此时could并不是can的过去式，只是表示委婉的语气。
--- Could you do me a favor 您能帮我个忙吗？
--- Yes, I can. ( No, I’m afraid not.) 是的，我能。（不，我恐怕不能。）
5). 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。
They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.
他们已经改变了时刻表，因此我们可以乘公交车去。
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
这个大厅至少可以容纳500个人。
小试牛刀
--Could I borrow your dictionary
--Of course you ____________.[陕西省]
A. can B. must C. should D. will
A
解析：could并不表示过去，而只是一种委婉的说法，所以答语用can更礼貌些。
小试牛刀
--Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom
--No. It ________be Tom. He has gone to Paris.
A. may not B. needn't C. can't
C
解析：因为汤姆不在这里，所以不可能是他。
一Mary，__________you speak Chinese
一Yes，only a little．
A must B need C may D．can
D
解析：can表示能够。
2、may, might 的用法
1). 表请求和允许，might比may语气更委婉。
You may take whatever you want. 你想要什么就拿什么。
--- May (Might) I smoke here 我可以在这里吸烟吗？
--- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t/ mustn’t.) 是的，你能。（不，你不能/禁止。）
2). 表示推测可能（不用于疑问句），might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。
He may/ might be busy now.
他可能现在很忙吧。
Your mother may /might not know the truth.
你妈妈可能不知道真相。
小试牛刀
--- Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting
--- I am not sure. Ask our monitor, please. He ____ know.
A. can B. may C. need D. would
B
解析：may表示推测时语气不十分肯定；might口气委婉。把握更小。
关于“猜测”的表达
--Who can it be
--- It must be Mr Hu.I know him well.
--- It may be Mr Hu, but I am not sure.
---It can’t be Mr Hu, I saw him in the library just now.
表示猜测:
must用于肯定猜测
can用于否定、疑问猜测
may表示不确定猜测
3、must, have to的用法
1). 两词都表示“必须、必要”的意思。have to强调客观需要，must是说话人主观的看法。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.　
我弟弟病得很厉害，因此我不得不半夜里把医生请来。
---Must we hand in our homework today 我们必须今天上交作业吗？
---Yes, you must. ( No, you don’t have to/ you needn’t.) 是的，你必须。（不，你不必。）
2). have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。
He had to look after his sister at home yesterday.
昨天他不得不在家照看妹妹。
3）表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）。
Your mother must be waiting for you now.
你的妈妈一定正在等着你。
小试牛刀
--Must we finish giving out the posters today
--Yes, we _______. It can't be put off any longer.
A. can B. may C. must
C
解析：由must引起的一般疑问句，其肯定答语要用must，不能用can或may。
4、will, would的用法
1). 表示“将、将要、会、自愿做……”等。
People will die without air or water.
人离开水和空气将会死的。
2). will表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。
Will/ Would you please pass me the ball, please
您能递给我这个球吗？
Would you like to go with me
你想和我一起去吗？
5、shall, should的用法
1). shall的用法
(1). 用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。
(2). 用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告或威胁。
You shall get an answer from me tomorrow.
明天你就会得到我的答复。
Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow
汤姆明天可以和我一起去吗？
Shall I wear the evening dress for your party
我可以穿晚礼服参加你的晚会吗？
5、shall, should的用法
2). should的用法
(1). 用来提供帮助、提出建议，要求对方给出意见。
(2). 表达义务、职责等，应当...
I think today’s children should really learn to respect their elders.
我认为当今的孩子应该好好学习尊敬长辈。
Should I help you with the community affairs
我可以帮你做一些社区事务吗？
6、need, dare的用法
1). need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
2). dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
How dare you say I’m unfair
你怎敢说我不公平呢？
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he
他不敢在这么多人面前说英语，他敢吗？
You needn’t come so early. 你不必这么早来。
--- Need I finish the work today 我有必要今天完成作业吗？
--- Yes, you must. (No, you needn’t.) 是的，你必须。（不，你不必。)
6、need, dare的用法
3). dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。
在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。
在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。
而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
4). need后面接doing表示被动：need doing = need to be done.
The washing machine needs repairing.
= The washing machine needs to be repaired.
洗衣机需要（被）修理。
I dare to swim across this river. 我敢在这条河上游泳。
He doesn’t dare (to) answer. 他不敢回答。
He needs to finish his homework today. 他今天需要完成作业
7. had better的用法
表示“最好”，相当于一个助动词，只有一种形式，后面要跟动词原形，否定形式 had better (not) do sth.
It is pretty cold. You’d better put on my coat.
（注：You’d better =You had better）
天很冷，你最好把我的大衣穿上。
常用问答语
--May I have a dance with you
--Yes, you may.
--No, you mustn‘t/can’t/may not.
--Can you feel my heart
--Yes, I can.
--No, I can't.
--Must I reply to you right away
--Yes, you must./
--No, you needn't./ you don't have to.
--Need I get you a glass of water
--Yes, you must./
--No, you needn't./ don't have to.
--Will you have a talk with me
--Yes, I will.
--No, I won't/ can't.
-Could I use your phone
Yes, of course you can.(肯定回答不能用could)
--Shall I have a talk with you
--Yes, you can.
--No, you can't.
小试牛刀
1.______she go to the meeting No, she _____.
A. must, shouldn’t B.must, needn’t
C. may, couldn’t D. need, can’t
2. --- Joe, you_____ make that mistake again.
--- Sorry, I won’t, sir.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t
C. won’t D. might not.
3.“No Smoking” means you ___ smoke here.
A. Won't B. Needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
B
B
C
小试牛刀
4._ _ you wait a few more minutes？ It'll be your turn soon.
A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Might
5. Hurry up, or you _ _ catch the train.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
6. I told him to get here, but perhaps I ___ him a map.
A. should have given B. had to give
C. ought to give D. must have given
C
A
C
将以下句子与对应的建议相匹配。
Read and match.
A. You can close the window.
B. You should go to bed early.
C. You may eat less and do more sports.
D. You should really do it yourself.
E. You ought to see a doctor.
1) I want Jim to say sorry to Mary for me.
2) I am getting fat.
3) It’s too noisy outside.
4) I am not feeling very well.
5) I have difficulty getting up early.
D
C
A
B
E
用适当的情态动词和所给动词补全以下对话。
Read and complete.
1) — 　　　　　 you 　　　　　 (help) me
I 　　　　　 (not work) it out by myself.
— Yes, of course.
2) — 　　　　　 I 　　　　　 (use) your pen I forgot to bring mine.
— Of course. You 　　　　　 (find) it in my schoolbag.
3) — Ah! The message says I have won big money.
— Don’t be a fool. This 　　　　　 (not be) true. They 　　　　　 (be)
cheating you.
4) — 　　　　　 I 　　　　　 (wear) jacket or suit tomorrow
— You 　　　 　　 (wear) suit as the meeting is formal.
5) — What 　　　　　 we 　　　　　 (do) to protect our environment
— We 　 　　　 　 (reduce) CO2 and plant more trees.
Could help
can’t work
May / Could use
can find
can’t be must be
Should wear
should / must
should do
should / ought to / must reduce
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