Unit 4 Changing and Growing知识点总结(单词 短语 句子 语法)(全新完整版)-2025秋新仁爱科普版英语八上

资源下载
  1. 二一教育资源

Unit 4 Changing and Growing知识点总结(单词 短语 句子 语法)(全新完整版)-2025秋新仁爱科普版英语八上

资源简介

【2022新课标】
2025秋新仁爱科普版英语八上
Unit 4 Changing and Growing
知识点总结
(单词+短语+句子+语法)
(全新完整版)
一、重点单词
成长与变化类:
1. grow /ɡr / v. 成长
2. growth /ɡr θ/ n. 生长
3. change /t e nd / n. & v. 变化
4. develop /d vel p/ v. 发展
5. development /d vel pm nt/ n. 发展
6. teenager / ti ne d / n. 青少年
7. teen /ti n/ n. 青少年(口语)
8. adult / d lt/ n. 成年人
9. junior high school / d u ni ha sku l/ n. 初中
10. progress / pr ɡres/ n. 进步
11. challenge / t l nd / n. 挑战
12. difficulty / d f k lti/ n. 困难
13. adjustment / d stm nt/ n. 调整
14. adjust / d st/ v. 调整
15. overcome / v k m/ v. 克服
身体与健康类:
16. height /ha t/ n. 身高
17. hair /he / n. 头发
18. vision / v n/ n. 视力
19. breath /breθ/ n. 呼吸
20. pain /pe n/ n. 疼痛
21. flu /flu / n. 流感
22. healthy / helθi/ adj. 健康的
23. strong /str / adj. 强壮的
24. weak /wi k/ adj. 虚弱的
25. tired / ta d/ adj. 疲惫的
26. hungry / h ɡri/ adj. 饥饿的
27. thirsty / θ sti/ adj. 口渴的
28. smoke /sm k/ v. 吸烟
29. jog /d ɡ/ v. 慢跑
情绪与心理
30. happy / h pi/ adj. 快乐的
31. sad /s d/ adj. 悲伤的
32. nervous / n v s/ adj. 紧张的
33. nervousness / n v sn s/ n. 紧张
34. lonely / l nli/ adj. 孤独的
35. loneliness / l nl n s/ n. 孤独
36. upset / p set/ adj. & v. 沮丧的;使烦恼
37. joy /d / n. 喜悦
38. stress /stres/ n. 压力
39. pressure / pre / n. 压力
40. calm /kɑ m/ adj. & v. 平静的;使平静
41. excited / k sa t d/ adj. 兴奋的
42. surprised /s pra zd/ adj. 惊讶的
43. disappointed / d s p nt d/ adj. 失望的
学习与认知
44. learn /l n/ v. 学习
45. memory / mem ri/ n. 记忆
46. remember /r memb / v. 记住
47. forget /f ɡet/ v. 忘记
48. schoolwork / sku lw k/ n. 作业
49. skill /sk l/ n. 技能
50. knowledge / n l d / n. 知识
51. experience / k sp ri ns/ n. & v. 经历;体验
52. think /θ k/ v. 思考
53. understand / nd st nd/ v. 理解
54. mistake /m ste k/ n. 错误
55. improve / m pru v/ v. 改进
社交与活动
56. friend /frend/ n. 朋友
57. argue / ɑ ɡju / v. 争论
58. accept / k sept/ v. 接受
59. refuse /r fju z/ v. 拒绝
60. congratulation /k n ɡr t u le n/ n. 祝贺
61. band /b nd/ n. 乐队
62. firework / fa w k/ n. 烟花
63. postcard / p stkɑ d/ n. 明信片
64. ticket / t k t/ n. 票
65. Chinatown / t a n ta n/ n. 唐人街
日常生活
66. bath /bɑ θ/ n. 洗澡
67. bathroom / bɑ θru m/ n. 浴室
68. cellphone / self n/ n. 手机
69. boss /b s/ n. 老板
70. keeper / ki p / n. 保管人
71. habit / h b t/ n. 习惯
72. spare /spe / adj. & v. 空闲的;抽出时间
时间与阶段
73. period / p ri d/ n. 时期
74. stage /ste d / n. 阶段
75. October / k t b / n. 十月
76. finally / fa n li/ adv. 最终
77. recently / ri sntli/ adv. 最近
动作与行为
78. touch /t t / v. 触摸
79. push /p / v. 推
80. move /mu v/ v. 移动
81. reach /ri t / v. 到达
82. smile /sma l/ n. & v. 微笑
83. laugh /lɑ f/ n. & v. 笑
84. shine / a n/ v. 发光
85. discover /d sk v / v. 发现
品质与态度
86. courage / k r d / n. 勇气
87. responsibility /r sp ns b l ti/ n. 责任
88. honest / n st/ adj. 诚实的
89. independent / nd pend nt/ adj. 独立的
90. careless / ke l s/ adj. 粗心的
91. foolish / fu l / adj. 愚蠢的
92. fool /fu l/ n. & v. 傻瓜;愚弄
93. regret /r ɡret/ v. 后悔
二、主要短语
成长与变化
1. grow up 长大
2. go through changes 经历变化
3. face challenges 面对挑战
4. make progress 取得进步
5. step into adolescence 进入青春期
6. deal with difficulties 处理困难
7. adapt to new environments 适应新环境
8. overcome fears 克服恐惧
9. build self-confidence 建立自信
10. take responsibility 承担责任
学习与认知
11. learn from mistakes 从错误中学习
12. improve skills 提升技能
13. develop good habits 养成好习惯
14. pay attention to details 注意细节
15. memorize knowledge 记忆知识
16. think independently 独立思考
17. ask for help 寻求帮助
18. work hard 努力学习
19. prepare for exams 备考
20. succeed in studies 学业成功
情绪与心理
21. feel nervous 感到紧张
22. calm down 冷静下来
23. cheer up 振作起来
24. express feelings 表达情感
25. reduce stress 减轻压力
26. cope with loneliness 应对孤独
27. stay positive 保持积极
28. boost happiness 提升幸福感
29. control emotions 控制情绪
30. build resilience 培养韧性
社交与关系
31. make friends 交朋友
32. keep in touch 保持联系
33. argue with someone 与某人争论
34. apologize sincerely 真诚道歉
35. trust each other 互相信任
36. share experiences 分享经历
37. give advice 给予建议
38. accept differences 接受差异
39. celebrate success 庆祝成功
40. support each other 互相支持
健康与生活
41. stay healthy 保持健康
42. exercise regularly 定期锻炼
43. eat a balanced diet 均衡饮食
44. get enough sleep 充足睡眠
45. avoid junk food 避免垃圾食品
46. drink more water 多喝水
47. relax your mind 放松心情
48. manage time wisely 合理管理时间
49. set goals 设定目标
50. keep a routine 保持规律作息
活动与兴趣
51. join a club 加入社团
52. play an instrument 演奏乐器
53. take photos 拍照
54. watch fireworks 看烟花
55. send postcards 寄明信片
56. attend concerts 参加音乐会
57. travel abroad 出国旅行
58. explore nature 探索自然
59. try new hobbies 尝试新爱好
60. enjoy free time 享受空闲时光
三、重点句型句子
成长变化类
1. I've grown 5cm taller this year.
(我今年长高了5厘米。)
2. My voice is starting to change.
(我的声音开始变了。)
3. She's becoming more independent.
(她变得越来越独立了。)
4. We're going through adolescence now.
(我们正在经历青春期。)
学习认知类
5. It's important to develop good study habits.
(培养好的学习习惯很重要。)
6. I need to improve my math skills.
(我需要提高数学能力。)
7. Remembering new words gets easier with practice.
(通过练习,记单词会变得更容易。)
8. Making mind maps helps me understand better.
(制作思维导图帮助我更好理解。)
情绪表达类
9. I feel nervous before exams.
(考试前我感到紧张。)
10. Don't be afraid to make mistakes.
(不要害怕犯错。)
11. She looks upset today.
(她今天看起来很难过。)
12. Staying positive is the key.
(保持积极是关键。)
社交关系类
13. Could you give me some advice
(你能给我些建议吗?)
14. We should respect each other's opinions.
(我们应该尊重彼此的观点。)
15. Let's cheer for our team!
(为我们的队伍加油吧!)
16. Apologizing shows courage.
(道歉需要勇气。)
健康生活类
17. Getting enough sleep is necessary.
(充足睡眠是必须的。)
18. I jog every morning to stay healthy.
(我每天晨跑来保持健康。)
19. Eating too much junk food is bad.
(吃太多垃圾食品不好。)
20. Remember to drink 8 glasses of water daily.
(记得每天喝8杯水。)
计划目标类
21. I plan to join the science club.
(我计划加入科学社。)
22. Setting small goals works better.
(设定小目标更有效。)
23. By next month, I'll finish this project.
(下个月前我会完成这个项目。)
24. What's your New Year resolution
(你的新年决心是什么?)
比较对照类
25. This term is busier than last term.
(这学期比上学期更忙。)
26. Online learning is less effective for me.
(网课对我来说效果较差。)
27. The more you practice, the better you'll be.
(练习越多,表现越好。)
pared to primary school, junior high is more challenging.
(和小学相比,初中更有挑战性。)
建议提醒类
29. You'd better manage your time wisely.
(你最好合理管理时间。)
30. Why not try this new method
(为什么不试试这个新方法?)
31. Don't forget to review your notes.
(别忘了复习笔记。)
32. It's a good idea to keep a diary.
(写日记是个好主意。)
能力责任类
33. Teenagers should take more responsibility.
(青少年应该承担更多责任。)
34. I can handle this problem myself.
(我能自己解决这个问题。)
35. Being punctual shows respect.
(守时是尊重的表现。)
36. We must protect the environment.
(我们必须保护环境。)
兴趣爱好类
37. I'm crazy about playing basketball.
(我痴迷于打篮球。)
38. She has a talent for drawing.
(她有绘画天赋。)
39. Collecting stamps is my hobby.
(集邮是我的爱好。)
40. What extracurricular activities do you like
(你喜欢什么课外活动?)
四、语法点
本单元语法主要是过去进行时和继续学习一些英语后缀-less和-ful。
英语后缀 -less 和 –ful
英语中,-less 和 -ful 是两个常见的形容词后缀,它们都能将名词转化为形容词,但表达的含义完全相反。
一)后缀-less
1. 基本含义
-less 表示"没有"、"缺乏"、"不"的否定意义,相当于"without"。
2. 构词规则
名词 + -less → 形容词
3. 常见构词示例
词根(名词) -less 形容词 中文释义
hope (希望) hopeless 没有希望的
care (小心) careless 粗心的
end (尽头) endless 无尽的
fear (恐惧) fearless 无畏的
home (家) homeless 无家可归的
use (用途) useless 无用的
harm (伤害) harmless 无害的
meaning (意义) meaningless 无意义的
power (力量) powerless 无力的
help (帮助) helpless 无助的
4. 使用特点
- 通常带有消极或否定含义
- 可以构成反义词对:careful/careless, hopeful/hopeless
5. 例句应用
- The homeless man slept on the park bench.
- Her careless mistake cost the company thousands.
- This old phone is completely useless now.
- The lecture was so boring it seemed endless.
二)后缀 -ful
1. 基本含义
-ful 表示"充满...的"、"有...特性的"、"倾向于..."的肯定意义。
2. 构词规则
名词 + -ful → 形容词
3. 常见构词示例
词根(名词) -ful 形容词 中文释义
beauty (美丽) beautiful 美丽的
care (小心) careful 小心的
hope (希望) hopeful 充满希望的
joy (快乐) joyful 快乐的
peace (和平) peaceful 和平的
power (力量) powerful 强大的
thought (思考) thoughtful 体贴的
color (颜色) colorful 多彩的
wonder (奇迹) wonderful 精彩的
success (成功) successful 成功的
4. 使用特点
- 通常带有积极或肯定含义
- 可以构成反义词对:useful/useless, powerful/powerless
- 部分词根加-ful后会发生拼写变化:
- mercy → merciful
- plenty → plentiful
5. 例句应用
- She gave me a beautiful smile.
- Be careful when handling fragile items.
- We are hopeful about the future.
- The garden looks especially colorful in spring.
三)-less 和 -ful 对比
1. 语义对比
后缀 基本含义 情感色彩 示例对比
-less 缺乏、没有 通常消极 hopeless (无望的)
-ful 充满、具有 通常积极 hopeful (充满希望的)
2. 构词对比
特征 -less -ful
词性转换 名词→形容词 名词→形容词
含义倾向 否定 肯定
常见搭配 抽象名词为主 具体和抽象名词均可
反义关系 常与-ful对应 常与-less对应
四)扩展学习
1. -less的其他用法
少数情况下,-less可以加在动词后:
- tire (使疲倦) → tireless (不知疲倦的)
- count (计算) → countless (数不清的)
2. -ful的名词用法
当-ful作为独立后缀时,可以表示"...的量":
- spoonful (一勺的量)
- handful (一把的量)
过去进行时:
一)基本概念
过去进行时(Past Continuous Tense)表示在过去某一特定时间点或时间段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
二)结构构成
1. 肯定句结构
主语 + was/were + 现在分词(V-ing)
- I/He/She/It was working.
- You/We/They were studying.
2. 否定句结构
主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词
- She was not (wasn't) sleeping.
- They were not (weren't) playing.
3. 疑问句结构
(疑问词) + was/were + 主语 + 现在分词
- Were you listening to me
- What was he doing at 8pm yesterday
三)主要用法
1. 表示过去某一时间点正在进行的动作
- At 7 o'clock yesterday evening, I was having dinner.
- What were you doing when the phone rang
2. 表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作
- Last summer, we were traveling around Europe.
- She was studying English all morning.
3. 与一般过去时连用,表示背景动作
- While I was reading, the phone rang.
- They were watching TV when the lights went out.
4. 表示过去同时进行的两个动作
- While I was cooking, my husband was setting the table.
- The children were playing while their parents were talking.
5. 表示过去计划中的动作(常用于转述)
- She said she was meeting some friends after work.
- They told me they were leaving the next day.
四)常用的时间状语
一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:
- at...o'clock yesterday
- at this/that time yesterday/last week
- from...to...yesterday
- all morning/afternoon/evening/night
- while/when/as
例:
- At 9pm last night, I was watching a movie.
- While he was driving to work, he had an accident.
- She was working in the garden all afternoon.
五)特殊用法
1. 表示委婉请求或建议
- I was wondering if you could help me.
- We were hoping you might join us.
2. 表示过去习惯性动作(常带有感彩)
- He was always complaining about his job.
- She was constantly interrupting me.
3. 用于故事叙述,营造背景氛围
- The sun was shining, birds were singing, and a gentle breeze was blowing.
六)与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时 一般过去时
强调动作的进行性 强调动作的完成性
描述背景或持续动作 描述主要事件或已完成动作
常与持续性动词连用 可与瞬间动词连用
时间状语常为具体时间点 时间状语常为时间段
对比:
- I was reading a book when he arrived. (到达时正在读书)
- I read a book yesterday. (昨天读了本书)
七)、练一下
1. 用过去进行时改写句子
a) I (read) a book at 8pm yesterday.
b) They (not/listen) to the teacher.
c) What (you/do) when I called
2. 选择正确时态
a) While I (walked/was walking) home, I (saw/was seeing) an accident.
b) She (studied/was studying) all night for the test.
答案:
1. a) was reading b) were not listening c) were you doing
2. a) was walking, saw b) was studying

展开更多......

收起↑

资源预览