资源简介

(共64张PPT)
Period 3　
UNIT 3　FOOD AND CULTURE
主题语境
人与社会——不同民族的文化习俗
课时学案 语言知识讲练(Reading and Thinking)
(be) prior to　 在……之前的；先于(to为介词)
priority n． 优先事项；首要事情；优先；优先 权
1．prior adj．先前的；优先的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Prior to ________ (apply) for the job, I worked as an accountant in a company．
②The search for a new vaccine will take _______ (prior) over all other medical research．
③所有安排都应该在您出发前完成。
All the arrangements should be completed ________ your departure．
applying
priority
prior to
(1)consist in＝lie in　　　 存在于……；在于……
consist with 与……一致；符合
(2)consistent adj． 一致的；连续的
be consistent with... 与……一致
(3)be composed of＝be made up of
由……组成(构成)的
2．consist of 由……组成(或构成)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Success consists __ the ability to continue efforts through failures．
②He is a man whose actions do not consist ____ his promises．
③救援队由8名士兵和2名医生组成。
The rescue team ______________ eight soldiers and two doctors．
(compose)
＝The rescue team ___________ eight soldiers and two doctors．
(consist)
＝The rescue team _____________ eight soldiers and two doctors．
(make up of)
in
with
is composed of
consists of
is made up of
④我最钦佩他的原因是他总是言行一致。
The reason why I admire him most is that his words_________________
_________．(consist v．)
＝The reason why I admire him most is that his words_______________
______________________．(consistent adj．)
[名师点津]　consist of没有被动语态，相当于be made up of或be composed of，且不用于进行时。
always consist with
his actions
are always
consistent with his actions
stuff...into...　　　　　 把……塞进……
stuff...with... 用……填满/塞满……
stuff up...with... 用……堵上……
3．stuff vt．填满；把……塞进 n．东西；物品
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Giving hongbao, red envelopes _______ (stuff) with money, has been a tradition in China．
②I stuffed my travelling bag ____ a few necessities before departure．
③被噪音惹恼了，她用脱脂棉塞住了耳朵。
Annoyed at the noise, she ______________________ cotton wool．
④从国外回来的时候，她装了满满一行李箱给孩子们的礼物。
When returning from abroad, she ______________________ presents for the kids．
stuffed
with
stuffed up her ears with
stuffed her suitcase with
a minimum of...　　　 最少……
above the minimum 超过最低限度
at a/the minimum 至少
below the minimum 低于最低限度
down to a minimum 降到最低点
4．minimum n．最小值；最少量 adj．最低(限度)的；最小的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The construction of the bridge would take three months ___ a minimum．
②According to the instruction, we need __ minimum of ten people to play this game．
③我们每个班需要参加运动会的学生人数最少是8人。
________________________________ we need to compete in the sports meet every class is eight．
at
a
The minimum number of the students
be consumed with　　 被某种情感占据
consume away 消耗掉；枯萎；凋谢
5．consume vt．吃；喝；饮；消耗
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①It was surprising that the flowers we bought yesterday consumed _____．
②Although they are good friends, they are consumed ____ jealousy at her success．
③正如报告所示，许多人并不知道他们究竟吃了多少食物。
As is shown in the report, many people are unaware of just______________
_____________．
away
with
how much food
they consumed
[教材P26]　On the other hand，it does tell us a lot about Americans．
另一方面，它确实告诉了我们很多关于美国人的事情。
1．“do/does/did＋动词原形”强调谓语动词
[句式分析]　本句中的“does tell”属于“do/does/did＋动词原形”结构，用来强调谓语动词，加强语气。
I do hope you can give up smoking, because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have．
我的确希望你能把烟戒掉，因为我希望你能像我一样活得健康长寿。
“do/does/did＋动词原形”结构，用于强调谓语，加强语气，意为“确实做了……”。但要注意：
(1)句子是肯定句；
(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时；
(3)只能用来强调谓语动词，若强调主语、宾语、表语、状语等，则应用It is/was...that/who...句型进行强调。
[即学即练]——完成句子/句型转换
①然而，我的确知道，我的朋友觉得这道菜很难闻。
However, ______________ was that my friend thought the dish smelt terrible．
②为了实现梦想，不辜负父母的期盼，他确实在努力奋斗。
In order to achieve his dream and live up to his parents' expectations, he ______________．
③当你到了那里请务必给我写封信，以便我能为你的旅行做安排。
_________________ when you get there so that I can make arrangements for your travel．
what I did know
does work hard
Do write me a letter
④Being exposed to foreign surroundings strengthens my language competence．
→_____________________________________________________________________ (强调谓语动词)
→____________________________________________________________________________ (强调主语)
Being exposed to foreign surroundings does strengthen my language
competence．
It is being exposed to foreign surroundings that strengthens my
language competence．
[教材P26]　Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten．
又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
2．形容词(短语)作状语
[句式分析]　本句中的tired, hungry为形容词作状语。
Thirsty and eager to have a rest, she went into a restaurant and seated herself at a table by the window．
口渴而且渴望休息，她走进一家饭店，在靠窗的桌子旁坐了下来。
形容词(短语)作状语
形式 位置 作用
形容词 (短语)作状语 可以是单个的形容词，也可以是形容词短语 可位于句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号和句子其他部分分开 通常用于说明主语的情况，表示主语的状态、性质、特征等，有时作评注性状语，即修饰整个句子
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级
①_________ (annoy) by the level of distraction, he worked at the co-working space across the street．
②______ (fun), when the teacher asked him, he pretended to know what he didn't know．
③They were full of enthusiasm for labour, and went out to finish the task ahead of schedule．
→_________________________, they went out to finish the task ahead of schedule．
Annoyed
Funny
Full of enthusiasm for labour
④Some of the passengers were seriously injured． They were sent to the nearest hospital at once．
→_______________, some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once．
Seriously injured
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．It happened prior ___ his arrival so the judge said he can't be a witness to the accident．
2．As far as I am concerned, this doesn't consist ____ what you told me earlier．
3．The buses always __________ (stuff) with passengers during the rush hours．
to
with
are stuffed
4．Living far from my company, it takes me __ a minimum an hour to get home from work．
5．Computers account for 5% of the country's commercial electricity ___________ (consume)．
6．I ___ have a problem right now so I need to turn to you for help．
at
consumption
do
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．不幸的是，我确实给她买了生日礼物，但我忘了给她了。
Unfortunately, I _______ a birthday present for her, but I forgot to give it to her．
2．工作一天之后，老师们和同学们都又累又困，很早就上床睡觉了。
______________ after a day's work, teachers and students went to bed very early．
did buy
Tired and sleepy
3．耗电量如此之大，所以我们出门时一定不要忘记关灯。
Electricity ___________ so greatly that we should never leave our lights on when we go out．
4．我得知你们最少要招聘两名教师，我希望能够成为其中的一员。
I learn that you'll recruit two teachers ____________ and I hope I can be one of them．
is consumed
at a minimum
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, “Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are．” , 1．______ means “You are what you eat．” In fact, Brillat-Savarin was actually 2．________ (refer) to our personality, character, and culture． In many ways, this seems to be true． Chinese cuisine is a case in point．
China is a country with vast 3．_____ (area) and a large population．So the food is as 4．____________ (vary) as the people． For example, people in Shandong like boiled dumplings 5．______ (serve) with
which
referring
areas
varied/various
served
vinegar, because the process of making dumplings can bring the family members together．6．___________ (traditional), people in Xinjiang spent most of their time on horses, and that is 7．____ they prefer their food to 8．__________ (cook) over an open fire．In conclusion, through food, Chinese people everywhere show their friendship and 9．________ (kind)． So what we can say is that culture and cuisine go hand 10． ____ hand, and if you do not experience one, you can never really know the other．
Traditionally
why
be cooked
kindness
in
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．All the people who have met his mother hold the belief that his mother was an _______ (文雅的) woman．
2．It is surprising that he showed ___________ (罕见的) talent as a musician at the age of five．
课时分层作业(七)
elegant
exceptional
3．The fact of the matter is that most people ________ (吃，喝) far more protein than they actually need．
4．Juan realized then that he must present his speech with a _________ (最少量) of scientific language．
5．Sad and hungry, Feliks went to the bar and asked for a glass of beer and a cold _______ (香肠)．
consume
minimum
sausage
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．The brave brother said without hesitation that the duty to protect his sister was prior ___ all others．
2．Each group consisted ___ 120 adults of similar age, and the test assessed their language skills．
3．The long midday meal became anything that could __________ (stuff) into a lunch bucket．
to
of
be stuffed
4．Even the traditional _____ (chef) are aware of the urgent need to adapt to local tastes and customs．
5．Employees will ask parents whether they prefer such options as milk or ______ (slice) apples before assembling the meals．
chefs
sliced
Ⅲ．阅读理解
A
Scientists have created the first lab-grown coffee, which they say “smells and tastes like the real thing”． The Finland-based researchers used a process called cellublar agriculture, which includes taking out cells from a small plant or animal sample． In the latest example of lab-grown options, cell samples were taken from Arabica, a popular coffee plant that makes up 56 per cent of global production． With lab-grown coffee, the researchers say that they can deal with problems facing the global coffee industry, such as a need for clearing space for coffee plants to keep up with an increasing need for the drink worldwide．
The research is being conducted at VTT Technical Research Centre based in Espoo, Finland—the country that drinks the most coffee per person． “The process uses real coffee plant cells，” Dr． Heiko Rischer, head of plant biotechnology at Finland's VTT research centre, said． “At first, a cell culture is started from a plant part, for example, a leaf． The formed cells reproduced on a specific nutrient medium． In the end, the cells are transported to a bioreactor from which the biomass is then harvested． The cells are dried and roasted then coffee can be brewed．”
The first collection produced by VTT in their laboratory smells and tastes like traditional coffee, according to the results of a “sensory analysis”． After drinking a cup, Dr． Rischer said, “There is a surprisingly full smell． In terms of smell and taste, our trained sensory judgement and analytical examination has found the coffee bears similarity to ordinary coffee，” he said． “The experience of drinking the very first cup was exciting．”
The idea that coffee cells could be used to make coffee was presented back in 1974 by plant scientist P.M． Townsley． But the VTT scientists have put the theory into practice with their lab-grown brew, which they think could hit the market by 2025．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。科学家们已经培育出了第一种实验室咖啡，他们称这种咖啡“闻起来和尝起来都像真的咖啡”。文章介绍了这种咖啡的生产过程以及人们对它的看法。
1．What might be one of the causes of creating lab-grown coffee
A．Dr． Heiko has been devoted to genetically engineering．
B．There exists an increasing demand market of coffee．
C．People in Finland drink the most amount of coffee．
D．The idea is based on a theory proving to be practical．
√
B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“With lab-grown coffee, the researchers say that they can deal with problems facing the global coffee industry, such as a need for clearing space for coffee plants to keep up with an increasing need for the drink worldwide．(研究人员表示，通过实验室培育的咖啡，他们可以解决全球咖啡产业面临的诸多问题，比如为满足全球对这种饮料日益增长的需求，需要为种植咖啡树腾出空间。)”可知，实验室培育咖啡的原因之一是咖啡的需求市场在不断增加。故选B。]
2．What does the underline word “brewed” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Produced．　　　　　　 B．Designed．
C．Collected． D．Measured．
√
A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“The cells are dried and roasted then coffee can be”以及第三段中“The first collection produced by VTT in their laboratory smells and tastes like traditional coffee, according to the results of a ‘sensory analysis’．”可知，根据“感官分析”的结果，VTT在他们的实验室中生产的第一批咖啡闻起来和尝起来都像传统咖啡，可见这些细胞被烘干，然后就产生了咖啡。故画线词意思是“产生”。故选A。]
3．What advantage does the lab-grown coffee have over the traditional one
A．Lab-grown coffee makes people drinking it more excited．
B．Lab-grown coffee can be judged through people's senses．
C．Lab-grown coffee tastes and smells better than ordinary coffee．
D．Lab-grown coffee can be made in labs and therefore save space．
√
D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“With lab-grown coffee, the researchers say that they can deal with problems facing the global coffee industry, such as a need for clearing space for coffee plants to keep up with an increasing need for the drink worldwide．(研究人员表示，通过实验室培育的咖啡，他们可以解决全球咖啡产业面临的诸多问题，比如为满足全球对这种饮料日益增长的需求，需要为种植咖啡树腾出空间。)”可知，与传统咖啡相比，实验室培育的咖啡的优势是可以在实验室里制作，同时，还可以解决为种植咖啡树腾空间的问题，可以节省空间。故选D。]
B
The Internet of Things (IoT) has become especially important as our daily life and business have become more complex, from bill payment to healthcare issues, where we have gradually explored deeper into finding solutions to improving the effectiveness of processes．
According to a report by GlobalData, the global IoT market has reached up to 1．1 trillion dollars so far, and will reach more in next years． Therefore, this area will play an important role in maintaining competition among companies．
The IoT is a digital interconnection of everyday objects with the Internet． The IoT allows systems to be remotely sensed and controlled through the existing network． This enables greater integration (融合) between the physical world and computer-based systems, which represents greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness．
Among the main applications of the technology are cost optimization (最优化) for industrial and transportation companies through remote monitoring of devices and vehicles, data collection for real-time production analysis, and tracking of final cargo (货物) delivery．
Other IoT applications are wearables, which are a set of electronic devices that are incorporated (合并) into some part of our body interacting continuously between us and other devices． Wearables represent the boom of the last few years, as they register what we eat, our heart rate, warn us if we are sick or stressed． They come in the form of smartwatches and GPS-enabled running shoes, to name a few．
On the other hand, the healthcare sector is also undergoing changes brought about by the IoT． The medical sensors market is expected to reach a turnover of $27.7 billion in 2026 with a growth over the next few years of 9.9% according to Transparency Market Research．
In this sense, IoT has come with a promise for people in their daily lives but also for investors, who consider it an excellent opportunity to invest． IoT will increase the productivity of companies, in addition to progressing towards the growth of telecommunications, data analysis and the arrival of intelligent machines．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了物联网的应用和发展。
4．What do we know about the IoT
A．It has limited applications．
B．It is a highly promising industry．
C．It makes daily life more complex．
D．It makes companies less competitive．
√
B　[推理判断题。根据第二段“According to a report by GlobalData, the global IoT market has reached up to 1.1 trillion dollars so far, and will reach more in next years．(根据 GlobalData 的一份报告，目前，全球物联网市场已达到1.1万亿美元，并且在接下来几年将达到更多。)”可知，物联网行业是一个很有前途的行业。故选B。]
5．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The definition of IoT．
B．The development of IoT．
C．The origin of IoT．
D．The inventors of IoT．
√
A　[细节理解题。根据第三段“The IoT is a digital interconnection of everyday objects with the Internet． The IoT allows systems to be remotely sensed and controlled through the existing network． This enables greater integration between the physical world and computer-based systems, which represents greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness．(物联网是日常用品与互联网的数字互连。物联网允许通过现有网络对系统进行远程感知和控制。这使得现实世界和基于计算机的系统能够更好地集成，从而提高效率和成本效益。)”可知，本段的主要内容是物联网的定义。故选A。]
6．What can wearables do
A．They can relieve stress．
B．They can treat the disease．
C．They can instruct what to eat．
D．They can closely monitor health．
√
D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Other IoT applications are wearables, which are a set of electronic devices that are incorporated into some part of our body interacting continuously between us and other devices． Wearables represent the boom of the last few years, as they register what we eat, our heart rate, warn us if we are sick or stressed． They come in the form of smartwatches and GPS-enabled running shoes, to name a few．(物联网的其他应用是可穿戴设备，这是一组电子设备，它们被整合到我们身体的某个部分，在我们和其他设备之间不断地相互作用。可穿戴设备代表了过去几年的繁荣，因为它们记录我们的饮食，我们的心率，提醒我们是否生病或紧张。举几个例子，它们以智能手表和具有 GPS 功能的跑鞋的形式出现。)”可知，可穿戴设备能密切监测我们的健康状况。故选D。]
7．Why is the IoT popular to companies
A．It controls cargo delivery remotely．
B．It brings a rapid growth for companies．
C．It improves the efficiency of companies．
D．It encourages interaction among companies．
√
C　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“This enables greater integration between the physical world and computer-based systems, which represents greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness．(这使得现实世界和基于计算机的系统能够更好地集成，从而提高效率和成本效益。)”和最后一段最后一句“IoT will increase the productivity of companies, in addition to progressing towards the growth of telecommunications, data analysis and the arrival of intelligent machines．(物联网将提高企业的生产力，此外还将推动电信、数据分析和智能机器的到来。)”可知，物联网可以提高公司的效率和节省成本。故选C。]
Ⅳ．阅读七选五
The Surprising Benefits (益处) of Pets
Nowadays, more and more people like to keep pets, such as dogs, cats and so on． 1 Here are the four reasons why your pet is worth an extra treat today．
Keep you active
Walking your pet for 2.5 hours a week not only benefits your quality of life but can also cut your chances of developing serious illnesses． According to a survey of 6，500 people, dog owners were more likely to report having an easier time falling asleep at night than non-dog owners．
Better your immune system (免疫系统)
Research shows that children who live with pets from birth have lower rates of allergies (过敏反应), and the more animals in the house, the greater the protection． Kids with four or more cats or dogs have half the rate of allergies as non-pet owners．
Lower your risk of heart attack
Researchers tracked 4，000 people for over ten years and found that pet owners had a 30 percent lower risk of dying of heart attack． That's because keeping a pet lowers a person' s heart rate． 4 In fact, some research has shown that pet owners are much more likely to survive a heart attack compared to non-dog owners．
When Margie, 40, left her job as a teacher in 2019, she was suffering from anxiety． Luckily, Margie and her husband, decided to keep a dog． “We thought having a dog would give us something to do while we're at home, and she has just changed our lives，” she says． “I feel so happy by her joy, energy and love． I've even told my doctor I don't think I need my medical service anymore．”
A．Improve your mental health．
B．Develop your family relationship．
C．Keeping pets can help you take more exercise．
D．Therefore, pet owners are more likely to have a healthy heart．
E．Besides, more exercise during the day also seems to bring better nights．
F．The non-human members of your family help you in more ways than you know．
G．Even in adulthood, research suggests pets may have a positive effect on our bodies．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了养宠物的好处。
1．F　[根据下文“Here are the four reasons why your pet is worth an extra treat today．(以下是你的宠物如今值得额外款待的四个原因。)”可知，下文介绍了宠物值得款待。由此推知，宠物对人类是有益的。F项“The non-human members of your family help you in more ways than you know．(你家庭中的非人类成员以比你所知道的在更多的方面帮助你。)”符合题意。故选F。]
2．E　[根据上文“Walking your pet for 2.5 hours a week not only benefits your quality of life but can also cut your chances of developing serious illnesses．(每周陪伴宠物2.5小时不仅有助于提高生活质量，还可以减少患严重疾病的几率。)”以及下文“According to a survey of 6，500 people, dog owners were more likely to report having an easier time falling asleep at night than non-dog owners．(根据一项对
6 500人的调查，狗主人比非狗主人更容易在晚上入睡。)”可知，上文介绍了陪伴宠物可以提高生活质量，减少患严重疾病的几率，下文介绍狗主人更容易入睡。由此推知，空处内容应承上启下，指出陪伴宠物可以增加锻炼量，进而有助于晚上的睡眠。E项“Besides, more exercise during the day also seems to bring better nights．(此外，白天多运动似乎也能带来更好的夜晚。)”符合题意。故选E。]
3．G　[空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Research shows that children who live with pets from birth have lower rates of allergies, and the more animals in the house, the greater the protection． Kids with four or more cats or dogs have half the rate of allergies as non-pet owners．(研究表明，一出生就与宠物生活在一起的儿童过敏率较低，家里的动物越多，保护作用越大。有四只或四只以上猫或狗的孩子过敏率是非宠物主人的一半。)”可知，研究表明宠物可以帮助小孩减少过敏。由此推知，空处陈述宠物还对成人的健康有好处。G项“Even in adulthood, research suggests pets may have a positive effect on our bodies．(研究表明，即使在成年后，宠物也可能对我们的身体产生积极影响。)”符合题意，且符合本段主旨。故选G。]
4．D　[根据上文“Researchers tracked 4，000 people for over ten years and found that pet owners had a 30 percent lower risk of dying of heart attack． That's because keeping a pet lowers a person's heart rate．(研究人员对4 000人进行了十年多的跟踪调查，发现宠物主人死于心脏病的风险降低了30%。这是因为养宠物会降低人的心率。)”可知，宠物有助于降低人的心率，由此可知，宠物主人患心脏疾病的几率更小。D项“Therefore, pet owners are more likely to have a healthy heart．(因此，宠物主人更有可能拥有健康的心脏。)”符合题意。故选D。]
5．A　[空处为本段小标题。根据下文“When Margie, 40, left her job as a teacher in 2019, she was suffering from anxiety． Luckily, Margie and her husband, decided to keep a dog． ‘We thought having a dog would give us something to do while we're at home, and she has just changed our lives，’ she says． ‘I feel so happy by her joy, energy and love． I've even told my doctor I don't think I need my medical service anymore．’(当40岁的玛吉在2019年离开教师工作时，她正饱受焦虑之苦。幸运的是，玛吉和她的丈夫决定养一条狗。她说：‘我们以为在家里养只狗会让我们有事可做，而她刚好改变了我们的生活。她的快乐、活力和爱让我感到非常开心。我甚至告诉我的医生，我认为我不再需要医疗服务了。’)”可知，宠物有助于人们的心理健康。A项“Improve your mental health．(改善你的精神健康。)”可以作为本段小标题。故选A。]
THANKSPeriod 3　 语言知识讲练(Reading and Thinking)
1．prior adj．先前的；优先的
(be) prior to　 在……之前的；先于(to为介词)
priority n． 优先事项；首要事情；优先；优先权
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Prior to ________ (apply) for the job, I worked as an accountant in a company．
②The search for a new vaccine will take ________ (prior) over all other medical research．
③所有安排都应该在您出发前完成。
All the arrangements should be completed ________________ your departure．
2．consist of由……组成(或构成)
(1)consist in＝lie in　 　 存在于……；在于……
consist with 与……一致；符合
(2)consistent adj． 一致的；连续的
be consistent with... 与……一致
(3)be composed of＝be made up of 由……组成(构成)的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Success consists ________ the ability to continue efforts through failures．
②He is a man whose actions do not consist ________ his promises．
③救援队由8名士兵和2名医生组成。
The rescue team ____________ eight soldiers and two doctors．(compose)
＝The rescue team ____________ eight soldiers and two doctors．(consist)
＝The rescue team ____________ eight soldiers and two doctors．(make up of)
④我最钦佩他的原因是他总是言行一致。
The reason why I admire him most is that his words ___________________．(consist v．)
＝The reason why I admire him most is that his words ________________．(consistent adj．)
[名师点津]　consist of没有被动语态，相当于be made up of或be composed of，且不用于进行时。
3．stuff vt．填满；把……塞进 n．东西；物品
stuff...into...　　 把……塞进……
stuff...with... 用……填满/塞满……
stuff up...with... 用……堵上……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Giving hongbao, red envelopes ________ (stuff) with money, has been a tradition in China．
②I stuffed my travelling bag ________ a few necessities before departure．
③被噪音惹恼了，她用脱脂棉塞住了耳朵。
Annoyed at the noise, she ______________ cotton wool．
④从国外回来的时候，她装了满满一行李箱给孩子们的礼物。
When returning from abroad, she ________________ presents for the kids．
4．minimum n．最小值；最少量 adj．最低(限度)的；最小的
a minimum of...　　　 最少……
above the minimum 超过最低限度
at a/the minimum 至少
below the minimum 低于最低限度
down to a minimum 降到最低点
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The construction of the bridge would take three months ________ a minimum．
②According to the instruction, we need ________ minimum of ten people to play this game．
③我们每个班需要参加运动会的学生人数最少是8人。
________________________ we need to compete in the sports meet every class is eight．
5．consume vt．吃；喝；饮；消耗
be consumed with　　 被某种情感占据
consume away 消耗掉；枯萎；凋谢
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①It was surprising that the flowers we bought yesterday consumed ________．
②Although they are good friends, they are consumed ________ jealousy at her success．
③正如报告所示，许多人并不知道他们究竟吃了多少食物。
As is shown in the report, many people are unaware of just ________________．
1．“do/does/did＋动词原形”强调谓语动词
[教材P26]　On the other hand，it does tell us a lot about Americans．
另一方面，它确实告诉了我们很多关于美国人的事情。
[句式分析]　本句中的“does tell”属于“do/does/did＋动词原形”结构，用来强调谓语动词，加强语气。
I do hope you can give up smoking, because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have．
我的确希望你能把烟戒掉，因为我希望你能像我一样活得健康长寿。
“do/does/did＋动词原形”结构，用于强调谓语，加强语气，意为“确实做了……”。但要注意：
(1)句子是肯定句；
(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时；
(3)只能用来强调谓语动词，若强调主语、宾语、表语、状语等，则应用It is/was...that/who...句型进行强调。
[即学即练]——完成句子/句型转换
①然而，我的确知道，我的朋友觉得这道菜很难闻。
However, ____________________ was that my friend thought the dish smelt terrible．
②为了实现梦想，不辜负父母的期盼，他确实在努力奋斗。
In order to achieve his dream and live up to his parents' expectations, he ____________________．
③当你到了那里请务必给我写封信，以便我能为你的旅行做安排。
____________ when you get there so that I can make arrangements for your travel．
④Being exposed to foreign surroundings strengthens my language competence．
→___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________(强调谓语动词)
→___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________(强调主语)
2．形容词(短语)作状语
[教材P26]　Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten．
又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
[句式分析]　本句中的tired, hungry为形容词作状语。
Thirsty and eager to have a rest, she went into a restaurant and seated herself at a table by the window．
口渴而且渴望休息，她走进一家饭店，在靠窗的桌子旁坐了下来。
形容词(短语)作状语 形式位置作用形容词(短语)作状语可以是单个的形容词，也可以是形容词短语可位于句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号和句子其他部分分开通常用于说明主语的情况，表示主语的状态、性质、特征等，有时作评注性状语，即修饰整个句子
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级
①________ (annoy) by the level of distraction, he worked at the co-working space across the street．
②________ (fun), when the teacher asked him, he pretended to know what he didn't know．
③They were full of enthusiasm for labour, and went out to finish the task ahead of schedule．
→______________________， they went out to finish the task ahead of schedule．
④Some of the passengers were seriously injured． They were sent to the nearest hospital at once．
→____________________， some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．It happened prior ________ his arrival so the judge said he can't be a witness to the accident．
2．As far as I am concerned, this doesn't consist ________ what you told me earlier．
3．The buses always ________ (stuff) with passengers during the rush hours．
4．Living far from my company, it takes me ________ a minimum an hour to get home from work．
5．Computers account for 5% of the country's commercial electricity ________ (consume)．
6．I ________ have a problem right now so I need to turn to you for help．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．不幸的是，我确实给她买了生日礼物，但我忘了给她了。
Unfortunately, I ________________ a birthday present for her, but I forgot to give it to her．
2．工作一天之后，老师们和同学们都又累又困，很早就上床睡觉了。
__________________ after a day's work, teachers and students went to bed very early．
3．耗电量如此之大，所以我们出门时一定不要忘记关灯。
Electricity ____________________________ so greatly that we should never leave our lights on when we go out．
4．我得知你们最少要招聘两名教师，我希望能够成为其中的一员。
I learn that you'll recruit two teachers ____________________ and I hope I can be one of them．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, “Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are．” , 1．________ means “You are what you eat．” In fact, Brillat-Savarin was actually 2．________ (refer) to our personality, character, and culture． In many ways, this seems to be true． Chinese cuisine is a case in point． China is a country with vast 3．________ (area) and a large population．So the food is as 4．________ (vary) as the people． For example, people in Shandong like boiled dumplings 5．________ (serve) with vinegar, because the process of making dumplings can bring the family members together．6．________ (traditional), people in Xinjiang spent most of their time on horses, and that is 7．________ they prefer their food to 8．________ (cook) over an open fire．In conclusion, through food, Chinese people everywhere show their friendship and 9．________ (kind)． So what we can say is that culture and cuisine go hand 10． ________ hand, and if you do not experience one, you can never really know the other．
Period 3
核心词汇
1．①applying　②priority　③prior to
2．①in　②with　③is composed of；consists of；is made up of　④always consist with his actions；are always consistent with his actions
3．①stuffed　②with　③stuffed up her ears with　④stuffed her suitcase with
4．①at　②a　③The minimum number of the students
5．①away　②with　③how much food they consumed
句法句式
1．①what I did know　②does work hard　③Do write me a letter　④Being exposed to foreign surroundings does strengthen my language competence．；It is being exposed to foreign surroundings that strengthens my language competence．
2．①Annoyed　②Funny　③Full of enthusiasm for labour　④Seriously injured
巩固落实
Ⅰ．1．to　2．with　3．are stuffed　4．at　5．consumption
6．do
Ⅱ．1．did buy　2．Tired and sleepy　3．is consumed
4．at a minimum
Ⅲ．1．which　2．referring　3．areas　4．varied/various　5．served　6．Traditionally　7．why　8．be cooked　9．kindness　10．in
1 / 6UNIT 3　FOOD AND CULTURE
课时分层作业(七)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．All the people who have met his mother hold the belief that his mother was an ________ (文雅的) woman．
2．It is surprising that he showed ________ (罕见的) talent as a musician at the age of five．
3．The fact of the matter is that most people ________ (吃，喝) far more protein than they actually need．
4．Juan realized then that he must present his speech with a ________ (最少量) of scientific language．
5．Sad and hungry, Feliks went to the bar and asked for a glass of beer and a cold ________ (香肠)．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．The brave brother said without hesitation that the duty to protect his sister was prior ________ all others．
2．Each group consisted ________ 120 adults of similar age, and the test assessed their language skills．
3．The long midday meal became anything that could ________ (stuff) into a lunch bucket．
4．Even the traditional ________ (chef) are aware of the urgent need to adapt to local tastes and customs．
5．Employees will ask parents whether they prefer such options as milk or ________ (slice) apples before assembling the meals．
Ⅲ．阅读理解
A
Scientists have created the first lab-grown coffee, which they say “smells and tastes like the real thing”． The Finland-based researchers used a process called cellublar agriculture, which includes taking out cells from a small plant or animal sample． In the latest example of lab-grown options, cell samples were taken from Arabica, a popular coffee plant that makes up 56 per cent of global production． With lab-grown coffee, the researchers say that they can deal with problems facing the global coffee industry, such as a need for clearing space for coffee plants to keep up with an increasing need for the drink worldwide．
The research is being conducted at VTT Technical Research Centre based in Espoo, Finland—the country that drinks the most coffee per person． “The process uses real coffee plant cells，” Dr． Heiko Rischer, head of plant biotechnology at Finland's VTT research centre, said． “At first, a cell culture is started from a plant part, for example, a leaf． The formed cells reproduced on a specific nutrient medium． In the end, the cells are transported to a bioreactor from which the biomass is then harvested． The cells are dried and roasted then coffee can be brewed．”
The first collection produced by VTT in their laboratory smells and tastes like traditional coffee, according to the results of a “sensory analysis”． After drinking a cup, Dr． Rischer said, “There is a surprisingly full smell． In terms of smell and taste, our trained sensory judgement and analytical examination has found the coffee bears similarity to ordinary coffee，” he said． “The experience of drinking the very first cup was exciting．”
The idea that coffee cells could be used to make coffee was presented back in 1974 by plant scientist P.M． Townsley． But the VTT scientists have put the theory into practice with their lab-grown brew, which they think could hit the market by 2025．
1．What might be one of the causes of creating lab-grown coffee
A．Dr． Heiko has been devoted to genetically engineering．
B．There exists an increasing demand market of coffee．
C．People in Finland drink the most amount of coffee．
D．The idea is based on a theory proving to be practical．
2．What does the underline word “brewed” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Produced．　　　　　　 B．Designed．
C．Collected． D．Measured．
3．What advantage does the lab-grown coffee have over the traditional one
A．Lab-grown coffee makes people drinking it more excited．
B．Lab-grown coffee can be judged through people's senses．
C．Lab-grown coffee tastes and smells better than ordinary coffee．
D．Lab-grown coffee can be made in labs and therefore save space．
B
The Internet of Things (IoT) has become especially important as our daily life and business have become more complex, from bill payment to healthcare issues, where we have gradually explored deeper into finding solutions to improving the effectiveness of processes．
According to a report by GlobalData, the global IoT market has reached up to 1．1 trillion dollars so far, and will reach more in next years． Therefore, this area will play an important role in maintaining competition among companies．
The IoT is a digital interconnection of everyday objects with the Internet． The IoT allows systems to be remotely sensed and controlled through the existing network． This enables greater integration (融合) between the physical world and computer-based systems, which represents greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness．
Among the main applications of the technology are cost optimization (最优化) for industrial and transportation companies through remote monitoring of devices and vehicles, data collection for real-time production analysis, and tracking of final cargo (货物) delivery．
Other IoT applications are wearables, which are a set of electronic devices that are incorporated (合并) into some part of our body interacting continuously between us and other devices． Wearables represent the boom of the last few years, as they register what we eat, our heart rate, warn us if we are sick or stressed． They come in the form of smartwatches and GPS-enabled running shoes, to name a few．
On the other hand, the healthcare sector is also undergoing changes brought about by the IoT． The medical sensors market is expected to reach a turnover of $27.7 billion in 2026 with a growth over the next few years of 9.9% according to Transparency Market Research．
In this sense, IoT has come with a promise for people in their daily lives but also for investors, who consider it an excellent opportunity to invest． IoT will increase the productivity of companies, in addition to progressing towards the growth of telecommunications, data analysis and the arrival of intelligent machines．
4．What do we know about the IoT
A．It has limited applications．
B．It is a highly promising industry．
C．It makes daily life more complex．
D．It makes companies less competitive．
5．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The definition of IoT．
B．The development of IoT．
C．The origin of IoT．
D．The inventors of IoT．
6．What can wearables do
A．They can relieve stress．
B．They can treat the disease．
C．They can instruct what to eat．
D．They can closely monitor health．
7．Why is the IoT popular to companies
A．It controls cargo delivery remotely．
B．It brings a rapid growth for companies．
C．It improves the efficiency of companies．
D．It encourages interaction among companies．
Ⅳ．阅读七选五
The Surprising Benefits (益处) of Pets
Nowadays, more and more people like to keep pets, such as dogs, cats and so on． 1 Here are the four reasons why your pet is worth an extra treat today．
Keep you active
Walking your pet for 2.5 hours a week not only benefits your quality of life but can also cut your chances of developing serious illnesses． 2 According to a survey of 6，500 people, dog owners were more likely to report having an easier time falling asleep at night than non-dog owners．
Better your immune system (免疫系统)
Research shows that children who live with pets from birth have lower rates of allergies (过敏反应), and the more animals in the house, the greater the protection． Kids with four or more cats or dogs have half the rate of allergies as non-pet owners． 3
Lower your risk of heart attack
Researchers tracked 4，000 people for over ten years and found that pet owners had a 30 percent lower risk of dying of heart attack． That's because keeping a pet lowers a person's heart rate． 4 In fact, some research has shown that pet owners are much more likely to survive a heart attack compared to non-dog owners．
5
When Margie, 40, left her job as a teacher in 2019, she was suffering from anxiety． Luckily, Margie and her husband, decided to keep a dog． “We thought having a dog would give us something to do while we're at home, and she has just changed our lives，” she says． “I feel so happy by her joy, energy and love． I've even told my doctor I don't think I need my medical service anymore．”
A．Improve your mental health．
B．Develop your family relationship．
C．Keeping pets can help you take more exercise．
D．Therefore, pet owners are more likely to have a healthy heart．
E．Besides, more exercise during the day also seems to bring better nights．
F．The non-human members of your family help you in more ways than you know．
G．Even in adulthood, research suggests pets may have a positive effect on our bodies．
课时分层作业(七)
Ⅰ．1．elegant　2．exceptional　3．consume
4．minimum　5．sausage
Ⅱ．1．to　2．of　3．be stuffed　4．chefs　5．sliced
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
B A D B A D C
Ⅳ．
1 2 3 4 5
F E G D A
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。科学家们已经培育出了第一种实验室咖啡，他们称这种咖啡“闻起来和尝起来都像真的咖啡”。文章介绍了这种咖啡的生产过程以及人们对它的看法。
1．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“With lab-grown coffee, the researchers say that they can deal with problems facing the global coffee industry, such as a need for clearing space for coffee plants to keep up with an increasing need for the drink worldwide．(研究人员表示，通过实验室培育的咖啡，他们可以解决全球咖啡产业面临的诸多问题，比如为满足全球对这种饮料日益增长的需求，需要为种植咖啡树腾出空间。)”可知，实验室培育咖啡的原因之一是咖啡的需求市场在不断增加。故选B。]
2．A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“The cells are dried and roasted then coffee can be”以及第三段中“The first collection produced by VTT in their laboratory smells and tastes like traditional coffee, according to the results of a ‘sensory analysis’．”可知，根据“感官分析”的结果，VTT在他们的实验室中生产的第一批咖啡闻起来和尝起来都像传统咖啡，可见这些细胞被烘干，然后就产生了咖啡。故画线词意思是“产生”。故选A。]
3．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“With lab-grown coffee, the researchers say that they can deal with problems facing the global coffee industry, such as a need for clearing space for coffee plants to keep up with an increasing need for the drink worldwide．(研究人员表示，通过实验室培育的咖啡，他们可以解决全球咖啡产业面临的诸多问题，比如为满足全球对这种饮料日益增长的需求，需要为种植咖啡树腾出空间。)”可知，与传统咖啡相比，实验室培育的咖啡的优势是可以在实验室里制作，同时，还可以解决为种植咖啡树腾空间的问题，可以节省空间。故选D。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了物联网的应用和发展。
4．B　[推理判断题。根据第二段“According to a report by GlobalData, the global IoT market has reached up to 1．1 trillion dollars so far, and will reach more in next years．(根据 GlobalData 的一份报告，目前，全球物联网市场已达到1．1万亿美元，并且在接下来几年将达到更多。)”可知，物联网行业是一个很有前途的行业。故选B。]
5．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段“The IoT is a digital interconnection of everyday objects with the Internet． The IoT allows systems to be remotely sensed and controlled through the existing network． This enables greater integration between the physical world and computer-based systems, which represents greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness．(物联网是日常用品与互联网的数字互连。物联网允许通过现有网络对系统进行远程感知和控制。这使得现实世界和基于计算机的系统能够更好地集成，从而提高效率和成本效益。)”可知，本段的主要内容是物联网的定义。故选A。]
6．D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Other IoT applications are wearables, which are a set of electronic devices that are incorporated into some part of our body interacting continuously between us and other devices． Wearables represent the boom of the last few years, as they register what we eat, our heart rate, warn us if we are sick or stressed． They come in the form of smartwatches and GPS-enabled running shoes, to name a few．(物联网的其他应用是可穿戴设备，这是一组电子设备，它们被整合到我们身体的某个部分，在我们和其他设备之间不断地相互作用。可穿戴设备代表了过去几年的繁荣，因为它们记录我们的饮食，我们的心率，提醒我们是否生病或紧张。举几个例子，它们以智能手表和具有 GPS 功能的跑鞋的形式出现。)”可知，可穿戴设备能密切监测我们的健康状况。故选D。]
7．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“This enables greater integration between the physical world and computer-based systems, which represents greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness．(这使得现实世界和基于计算机的系统能够更好地集成，从而提高效率和成本效益。)”和最后一段最后一句“IoT will increase the productivity of companies, in addition to progressing towards the growth of telecommunications, data analysis and the arrival of intelligent machines．(物联网将提高企业的生产力，此外还将推动电信、数据分析和智能机器的到来。)”可知，物联网可以提高公司的效率和节省成本。故选C。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了养宠物的好处。
1．F　[根据下文“Here are the four reasons why your pet is worth an extra treat today．(以下是你的宠物如今值得额外款待的四个原因。)”可知，下文介绍了宠物值得款待。由此推知，宠物对人类是有益的。F项“The non-human members of your family help you in more ways than you know．(你家庭中的非人类成员以比你所知道的在更多的方面帮助你。)”符合题意。故选F。]
2．E　[根据上文“Walking your pet for 2．5 hours a week not only benefits your quality of life but can also cut your chances of developing serious illnesses．(每周陪伴宠物2．5小时不仅有助于提高生活质量，还可以减少患严重疾病的几率。)”以及下文“According to a survey of 6，500 people, dog owners were more likely to report having an easier time falling asleep at night than non-dog owners．(根据一项对6 500人的调查，狗主人比非狗主人更容易在晚上入睡。)”可知，上文介绍了陪伴宠物可以提高生活质量，减少患严重疾病的几率，下文介绍狗主人更容易入睡。由此推知，空处内容应承上启下，指出陪伴宠物可以增加锻炼量，进而有助于晚上的睡眠。E项“Besides, more exercise during the day also seems to bring better nights．(此外，白天多运动似乎也能带来更好的夜晚。)”符合题意。故选E。]
3．G　[空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Research shows that children who live with pets from birth have lower rates of allergies, and the more animals in the house, the greater the protection． Kids with four or more cats or dogs have half the rate of allergies as non-pet owners．(研究表明，一出生就与宠物生活在一起的儿童过敏率较低，家里的动物越多，保护作用越大。有四只或四只以上猫或狗的孩子过敏率是非宠物主人的一半。)”可知，研究表明宠物可以帮助小孩减少过敏。由此推知，空处陈述宠物还对成人的健康有好处。G项“Even in adulthood, research suggests pets may have a positive effect on our bodies．(研究表明，即使在成年后，宠物也可能对我们的身体产生积极影响。)”符合题意，且符合本段主旨。故选G。]
4．D　[根据上文“Researchers tracked 4，000 people for over ten years and found that pet owners had a 30 percent lower risk of dying of heart attack． That's because keeping a pet lowers a person's heart rate．(研究人员对4 000人进行了十年多的跟踪调查，发现宠物主人死于心脏病的风险降低了30%。这是因为养宠物会降低人的心率。)”可知，宠物有助于降低人的心率，由此可知，宠物主人患心脏疾病的几率更小。D项“Therefore, pet owners are more likely to have a healthy heart．(因此，宠物主人更有可能拥有健康的心脏。)”符合题意。故选D。]
5．A　[空处为本段小标题。根据下文“When Margie, 40, left her job as a teacher in 2019, she was suffering from anxiety． Luckily, Margie and her husband, decided to keep a dog． ‘We thought having a dog would give us something to do while we're at home, and she has just changed our lives，’ she says． ‘I feel so happy by her joy, energy and love． I've even told my doctor I don't think I need my medical service anymore．’(当40岁的玛吉在2019年离开教师工作时，她正饱受焦虑之苦。幸运的是，玛吉和她的丈夫决定养一条狗。她说：‘我们以为在家里养只狗会让我们有事可做，而她刚好改变了我们的生活。她的快乐、活力和爱让我感到非常开心。我甚至告诉我的医生，我认为我不再需要医疗服务了。’)”可知，宠物有助于人们的心理健康。A项“Improve your mental health．(改善你的精神健康。)”可以作为本段小标题。故选A。]
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