资源简介

(共55张PPT)
Period 4　
UNIT 5　FIRST AID
主题语境
人与社会——安全常识与自我保护
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language)
slip away　　　　　 消失；消亡；死去
slip out 无意中说出/泄露
slip out of... 从……悄悄溜走
slip off 迅速脱去(衣服)
slip up 疏忽；不小心出差错
slip over 滑落；滑离；滑倒
1．slip vi．滑倒；滑落；溜走；悄悄疾行 n．滑倒；小错误；纸条
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The days slipped _____ quickly as I finished the last several weeks of my summer job．
②I guess my wallet must have slipped ____ of my pocket during the flight．
③我们的老师请了三天假，因为她在冰上滑倒了，需要休息。
Our teacher asked for three days off because she ___________________ and needed a rest．
away
out
slipped over on the ice
delay doing sth． 　　　　　 延迟做某事
without delay 立即
2．delay vi．& vt．推迟；延期(做某事) vt．耽误；耽搁 n．延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The meeting ____________ (delay), because Mr． Green slipped on the way and got injured．
②He delayed _______ (tell) her the news, waiting for the right moment to give her a surprise．
③老板在会议上宣布，必须立即实施所有这些措施，不得延误。
The boss announced in the meeting that all these measures must be carried through ____________．
was delayed
telling
without delay
动词-ing形式
一、动词-ing形式作主语
作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作。通常有两种位置，一种位于句首，另一种是it作形式主语，动词-ing形式后置。下列句型中常用动词-ing形式作主语：
①It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good doing sth．
②There is/was no sense/no point (in) doing sth．
It is no use coming before that．
在那之前来没有用。
There is no sense (in) worrying about it now．
现在为那件事忧虑没有意义。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①According to many experts, ________ (skip) breakfast does harm to health．
②It's no good _________ (play) computer games too much for teenagers．
③________ (have) a healthy physical condition means that they are energetic in the exam．
skipping
playing
Having
④_____________ (expose) to local accent and native speakers when necessary is advisable．
⑤It's no use _______ (feel) sad and worried, so I decided to do something to change the situation．
Being exposed
feeling
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：
避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest，finish，practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can't help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)
I don't like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio．
我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。
2．作动词短语的宾语
常见的跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off，give up, look forward to，feel like, devote...to, get/be used to, pay attention to, be worth等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way．
他坚持按照自己的方法做这件事。
3．在有些动词的后面，如start，begin，continue等既可接动词-ing形式也可接动词不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened．
他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。
4．有些动词(短语)后跟动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：
动词(短语) 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记要做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
动词(短语) 宾语的形式 意义
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
stop to do 停下来去做(另外一件事)
doing 停止做(正在做的事)
Please remember to give my best regards to your family．
请记着代我向你的家人问好。
I still remember visiting the museum for the first time．
我仍记得第一次参观这家博物馆的情景。
5．下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于动词不定式的被动形式。常见的有：
need/want/require/deserve doing/to be done
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired．
这辆自行车需要修理。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①Let's all take action now and contribute to ________ (build) a harmonious environment．
②In short, it's necessary for us to stop __________ (destroy) the planet and start to protect it．
③It's important to realise there are many things in life which are worth ________ (focus) on．
④She has improved her oral English by _________ (attend) some after-class activities．
⑤There is something highly exciting about ________ (escape) someone else's glance．
building
destroying
focusing
attending
escaping
三、动词-ing形式作表语
作表语的动词-ing形式，除了表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容，或者说明主语的性质、特征等。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible．
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
Your speech is very interesting and encouraging．
你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。
[即时训练3]　单句语法填空
①For them, the real question is _______ (get) to know the needs of the people．
②The man said that the secret to his success is ________ (learn) from his failures．
③We all rely on it that respecting others is __________ (respect) ourselves．
getting
learning
respecting
④All people present thought that his speech was very________ (inspire)．
⑤One mistake you made is ________ (ignore) the difference between the two findings．
inspiring
ignoring
四、动词-ing形式作定语
动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，或者表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room．
阅览室里不准大声说话。
The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother．(＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother．)
在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
[即时训练4]　单句语法填空
①The mother glanced at the ________ (sleep) child and then left the room quietly．
②On the one hand, you are surrounded by people ________ (speak) an unfamiliar language．
③I took care of 10 primary school students ________ (range) from Grades 1 to 3．
sleeping
speaking
ranging
④If there is anything _________ (remain) unclear, please tell me without hesitation．
⑤He said he became just as nervous as those _______ (play) instruments on stage．
remaining
playing
五、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。
1．表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to等)＋sb．/sth．＋doing sth．。
I felt somebody standing behind me．
我感觉有人站在我后面。
2．表示致使意义的使役动词(常见的有have，let，keep，get，leave等)＋sb．/sth．＋doing sth．。
We kept the fire burning all night long．
我们让火整夜燃烧着。
[名师点津]　使役动词接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”。接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语表示“让某人做某事”；接动词-ed形式作宾语补足语，表示“主语请某人做某事，使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”。
Be careful，or you'll have your hands hurt．
小心一点，否则你会弄伤手的。
3．用于with复合结构中。
I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on．
由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous．
这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
[即时训练5]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①After making sure David could run, I turned to find him _______ (come) towards me．
②I woke up to see my family and friends __________ (gather) in the room．
③With time _______ (pass) by, we will have a better and better life．
④随着春节的临近，一场以学生原创作品为特色的展览即将举行。
_______________________________，an exhibition featuring original works of students is to be held．
coming
gathering
passing
With the Spring Festival approaching
六、动词-ing形式作状语
1．动词-ing形式作状语时可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随或方式。
状语类型 例句
时间 Having taken the medicine, he fell into a deep sleep．
吃过药后，他陷入酣睡。
状语类型 例句
原因 Being seriously ill, she decided to stay at home and have a good rest．
由于病得很严重，她决定待在家里好好休息。
结果 He didn't come today，thereby making it necessary for us to find someone to do his work．
他今天没有来，因此我们必须找人来做他的工作。
条件 Behaving yourself, you shall get an award．
如果好好表现，你会得到奖品。
状语类型 例句
让步 Admitting what she has said，but I still think that she hasn't tried her best．
尽管我承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽她最大的努力。
伴随 Do you wake up every morning feeling energetic
你每天早晨醒来都感到精力充沛吗？
方式 The girl went back home，running．
那个女孩跑回家了。
2．动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般要与句子的主语一致。
My wife had a long talk with Sally，explaining why she didn't want the children to play together．
我的妻子和萨莉谈了很长时间来解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。(my wife是explaining的逻辑主语)
[名师点津]
(1)如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，通常要在动词-ing形式前面加上它自己的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的动词-ing形式被称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构同动词-ing形式一样，在句中作状语。
The train having left，we had to wait for another day．
火车已经离开了，我们只好再等一天。(having left的逻辑主语是The train，而不是句子的主语we。)
(2)动词-ing形式作结果状语时，其逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以是前面的整个句子；当情况为后者时，动词-ing形式可转化为一个非限制性定语从句。
The cool wind swept through our bedroom windows，making air conditioning unnecessary．
凉风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，没有必要开空调了。(making air conditioning unnecessary的逻辑主语是前面的整个句子。)
(3)由从属连词when，while，though，if，since等引导的状语从句常常可以转换为对应的动词-ing形式短语，此时，“从属连词＋动词-ing形式短语”可以视为状语从句的省略。
A minute ago，she fell down while she was trying to open the window．→A minute ago，she fell down while trying to open the window．
一分钟前，她在尝试开窗户时跌倒了。
[即时训练6]　单句语法填空
①They often cover only their eyes with their hands, _______ (leave) the rest of their bodies exposed．
②We students stood up to show gratitude to our teachers, _______ (wish) them a happy new year．
③_______ (hope) to be well prepared for the competition, I wonder whether you can give me some advice．
leaving
wishing
Hoping
④The sun began to rise in the sky, _______ (bathe) the mountain in gold light．
⑤__________________ (catch) doing other things in your class, I know any excuse is meaningless．
bathing
Having been caught
短文语境填空
There is a wonderful story about a young girl 1．______ (have) no family and no one to love her．
One day, 2．_______ (feel) very sad and lonely, she was 3．_______ (walk) through grassland when she noticed a small butterfly caught in a thorny bush． The young girl carefully released the butterfly． Instead of 4．______ (fly) away, the little butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy．
having
feeling
walking
flying
“In return for your wonderful kindness，”the good fairy said to the girl，“I will give you any wish that you would like to get．”The little girl replied after 5．________ (think) for a moment，“I want to be happy．”
6．_______ (lean) toward her，the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared．
With the little girl 7．________ (grow) up，there was no one in the land happier than she was． Everyone often asked her about her secret of 8．_____ (be) happy． She would only smile and answer，“The secret of my happiness is that I listened to a good fairy when I was a little girl．”
thinking
Leaning
growing
being
When she was dying，the neighbors all gathered around her, 9．_______ (fear) that her unbelievable secret of happiness would die with her． So they begged her to tell them what the good fairy said． The lovely old woman simply smiled, 10．______ (say)，“She told me that everyone，no matter how old or young，how rich or poor，had need of me．”
fearing
saying
①interrupt vi．& vt．打断；打扰 vt．使暂停；使中断
②scream vi．& vt．(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫 n．[C]尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音
③fellow adj．同类的，同情况的；同伴的
④diner n．[C](尤指餐馆的)就餐者
dine vi．进餐，用饭
课下预习 第二篇课文(Using Language)
⑤choke on sth． 被某物噎住
choke vi．& vt． (使)窒息；(使)哽咽
⑥steak n．[C，U]牛排；肉排
⑦desperate adj．绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的
⑧slap vt．(slapped，slapped，slapping)(用手掌)打，拍 n．[C](用手掌)打，拍；[sing．]拍击声
⑨help sb．to one's feet 帮助某人站起身来
⑩force sth． out 强行将某物排出
force [熟词生义] vt．用力，强行(把……移动)
practical adj．切实可行的；实际的；实践的
obstruction n．[C]阻塞物；[C，U]阻碍；堵塞
make a fist握拳
fist n．[C]拳；拳头
grab vt．(grabbed，grabbed，grabbing)抓住；攫取 n．[C]抓取；抢夺
tightly adv．紧紧地，牢固地；紧密地
tight adj．牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的adv．紧紧地；牢固地
motion n．[U，sing．]运动；移动
in motion 运动中的
face down/up 面朝下/上
stand by 袖手旁观，无动于衷；信守(诺言)，遵守(协定)，坚持某事物；支持某人
justify vt．证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由
welfare n．[U]幸福；福祉；安康；福利
Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted①[1] when he heard someone screaming② from another table．A fellow③ diner④ at the restaurant, Zhang Tao, was choking on⑤ some steak⑥．He was now holding his throat with his face turning red[2]，while his desperate⑦ friends were slapping⑧ him on the back．
[1]have sth． done结构，表示“使某事被做”。
[2]with复合结构作伴随状语。
Chen wasted no time．He got up and ran to Zhang's table at once．With the help of Zhang's friends, he was able to help Zhang to his feet⑨．Then, standing behind Zhang[3], Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre．The food was instantly forced out⑩， and Zhang began to breathe again．Ten minutes later, an ambulance arrived． The doctors checked Zhang and made sure that he was fine．They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites[4] before they left．
[3]动词-ing形式短语作状语。
[4]suggested表示“建议”，其后的宾语从句使用了虚拟语气，并省略了should。
Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse and sometimes die，leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive[5]．To solve this problem, in 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich，created the Heimlich manoeuvre，saving thousands of lives around the world．Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre[6] is quick, practical ， and easy．It is so easy, in fact, that almost anyone can learn how．
[5]动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。
[6]动词-ing形式短语作主语。
If you see someone choking, first call the emergency services．Then，make sure that the victim is really choking：A choking person cannot speak．Slapping the victim's back will often force out the obstruction ．If this does not work, you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre by standing behind him and wrapping your arms around his waist．Make a fist with one hand and place it in the upper part of his stomach．Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly ， push up and into his stomach in one motion ．Continue doing this until the obstruction is forced out．
Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child is not recommended，as you may hurt him[7]．Instead, lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body, and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again．
［7］as引导原因状语从句。
With choking victims, every minute counts．You cannot just stand by and do nothing．Luckily, Chen had learnt how to give first aid in school．Seeing Zhang choking, he remained calm and reacted immediately．Chen later said about the incident, “How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing We are all humans and we all have a responsibility to look after one another's welfare ．”
北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐时突然听到另一桌有人尖叫，打断了他用餐。餐厅里一个叫张涛的用餐者被牛排噎住了。他这会儿正按着自己的喉咙，满脸通红，而他的朋友们正拼命拍打他的后背。
陈伟毫不迟疑。他立刻站起来，跑到张涛桌前。在张涛朋友们的帮助下，他帮助张涛站了起来。然后，陈伟站到张涛身后，实施海姆利希急救法。食物瞬间被强行排了出来，张涛又开始呼吸了。十分钟后，一辆救护车来了。医生们检查了张涛的身体，确定他没有大碍。离开前，他们建议他吃饭要细嚼慢咽，小口进食。
窒息者通常大约四分钟后就会瘫倒在地，有时甚至死亡，等不到救护车的到来。为了解决这个问题，美国医生亨利·海姆利希于1974年发明了“海姆利希急救法”，挽救了世界上成千上万个生命。海姆利希急救法实施起来快速、实用、简单。事实上，它的操作很简单，几乎任何人都能学会。
如果你发现有人被噎住，首先拨打急救电话。然后，确定患者确实是被噎住了：被噎住的人说不了话。拍打窒息者的后背通常会将阻塞物强行排出。如果这个方法不管用，你可以站在他的身后，用双臂环抱住他的腰，实施海姆利希急救法。一只手握拳，放在他的上腹部。另一只手紧握住这个拳头，快速用力向上往里挤压腹部。重复上述动作，直至阻塞物被强行排出。
不建议对小孩实施海姆利希急救法，因为你可能会伤害到他。相反，应让孩子脸朝下趴在你的腿上，使其头部低于身体其他部位，然后用力拍打其上背部，直到他能再次呼吸。
对于挽救窒息者而言，每一分钟都非常要紧。你不能只是袖手旁观，什么也不做。幸运的是，陈伟在学校学过如何进行急救。看到张涛被噎住，他保持冷静，且反应迅速。陈伟后来谈及此事时说：“我有什么理由坐在那儿什么都不做呢？我们都属于人类大家庭，我们都有责任关心彼此的幸福。”
THANKSPeriod 4　 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language)
1．slip vi．滑倒；滑落；溜走；悄悄疾行 n．滑倒；小错误；纸条
slip away　　　　　 消失；消亡；死去
slip out 无意中说出/泄露
slip out of... 从……悄悄溜走
slip off 迅速脱去(衣服)
slip up 疏忽；不小心出差错
slip over 滑落；滑离；滑倒
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The days slipped ________ quickly as I finished the last several weeks of my summer job．
②I guess my wallet must have slipped ________ of my pocket during the flight．
③我们的老师请了三天假，因为她在冰上滑倒了，需要休息。
Our teacher asked for three days off because she ________________ and needed a rest．
2．delay vi．& vt．推迟；延期(做某事) vt．耽误；耽搁 n．延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟
delay doing sth． 　　　　　 延迟做某事
without delay 立即
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The meeting ________ (delay), because Mr． Green slipped on the way and got injured．
②He delayed ________ (tell) her the news, waiting for the right moment to give her a surprise．
③老板在会议上宣布，必须立即实施所有这些措施，不得延误。
The boss announced in the meeting that all these measures must be carried through __________________．
动词-ing形式
一、动词-ing形式作主语
作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作。通常有两种位置，一种位于句首，另一种是it作形式主语，动词-ing形式后置。下列句型中常用动词-ing形式作主语：
①It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good doing sth．
②There is/was no sense/no point (in) doing sth．
It is no use coming before that．
在那之前来没有用。
There is no sense (in) worrying about it now．
现在为那件事忧虑没有意义。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①According to many experts, ________ (skip) breakfast does harm to health．
②It's no good ________ (play) computer games too much for teenagers．
③________ (have) a healthy physical condition means that they are energetic in the exam．
④________ (expose) to local accent and native speakers when necessary is advisable．
⑤It's no use ________ (feel) sad and worried, so I decided to do something to change the situation．
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：
避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest，finish，practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can't help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)
I don't like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio．
我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。
2．作动词短语的宾语
常见的跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off，give up, look forward to，feel like, devote...to, get/be used to, pay attention to, be worth等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way．
他坚持按照自己的方法做这件事。
3．在有些动词的后面，如start，begin，continue等既可接动词-ing形式也可接动词不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened．
他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。
4．有些动词(短语)后跟动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：
动词(短语) 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记要做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
stop to do 停下来去做(另外一件事)
doing 停止做(正在做的事)
Please remember to give my best regards to your family．
请记着代我向你的家人问好。
I still remember visiting the museum for the first time．
我仍记得第一次参观这家博物馆的情景。
5．下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于动词不定式的被动形式。常见的有：
need/want/require/deserve doing/to be done
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired．
这辆自行车需要修理。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①Let's all take action now and contribute to ________ (build) a harmonious environment．
②In short, it's necessary for us to stop ________ (destroy) the planet and start to protect it．
③It's important to realise there are many things in life which are worth ________ (focus) on．
④She has improved her oral English by ________ (attend) some after-class activities．
⑤There is something highly exciting about ________ (escape) someone else's glance．
三、动词-ing形式作表语
作表语的动词-ing形式，除了表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容，或者说明主语的性质、特征等。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible．
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
Your speech is very interesting and encouraging．
你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。
[即时训练3]　单句语法填空
①For them, the real question is ________ (get) to know the needs of the people．
②The man said that the secret to his success is ________ (learn) from his failures．
③We all rely on it that respecting others is ________ (respect) ourselves．
④All people present thought that his speech was very ________ (inspire)．
⑤One mistake you made is ________ (ignore) the difference between the two findings．
四、动词-ing形式作定语
动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，或者表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room．
阅览室里不准大声说话。
The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother．(＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother．)
在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
[即时训练4]　单句语法填空
①The mother glanced at the ________ (sleep) child and then left the room quietly．
②On the one hand, you are surrounded by people ________ (speak) an unfamiliar language．
③I took care of 10 primary school students ________ (range) from Grades 1 to 3．
④If there is anything ________ (remain) unclear, please tell me without hesitation．
⑤He said he became just as nervous as those ________ (play) instruments on stage．
五、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。
1．表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to等)＋sb．/sth．＋doing sth．。
I felt somebody standing behind me．
我感觉有人站在我后面。
2．表示致使意义的使役动词(常见的有have，let，keep，get，leave等)＋sb．/sth．＋doing sth．。
We kept the fire burning all night long．
我们让火整夜燃烧着。
[名师点津]　使役动词接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”。接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语表示“让某人做某事”；接动词-ed形式作宾语补足语，表示“主语请某人做某事，使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”。
Be careful，or you'll have your hands hurt．
小心一点，否则你会弄伤手的。
3．用于with复合结构中。
I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on．
由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous．
这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
[即时训练5]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①After making sure David could run, I turned to find him ________ (come) towards me．
②I woke up to see my family and friends ________ (gather) in the room．
③With time ________ (pass) by, we will have a better and better life．
④随着春节的临近，一场以学生原创作品为特色的展览即将举行。
________________， an exhibition featuring original works of students is to be held．
六、动词-ing形式作状语
1．动词-ing形式作状语时可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随或方式。
状语类型 例句
时间 Having taken the medicine, he fell into a deep sleep． 吃过药后，他陷入酣睡。
原因 Being seriously ill, she decided to stay at home and have a good rest． 由于病得很严重，她决定待在家里好好休息。
结果 He didn't come today，thereby making it necessary for us to find someone to do his work． 他今天没有来，因此我们必须找人来做他的工作。
条件 Behaving yourself, you shall get an award． 如果好好表现，你会得到奖品。
让步 Admitting what she has said，but I still think that she hasn't tried her best． 尽管我承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽她最大的努力。
伴随 Do you wake up every morning feeling energetic 你每天早晨醒来都感到精力充沛吗？
方式 The girl went back home，running． 那个女孩跑回家了。
2．动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般要与句子的主语一致。
My wife had a long talk with Sally，explaining why she didn't want the children to play together．
我的妻子和萨莉谈了很长时间来解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。(my wife是explaining的逻辑主语)
[名师点津]
(1)如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，通常要在动词-ing形式前面加上它自己的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的动词-ing形式被称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构同动词-ing形式一样，在句中作状语。
The train having left，we had to wait for another day．
火车已经离开了，我们只好再等一天。(having left的逻辑主语是The train，而不是句子的主语we。)
(2)动词-ing形式作结果状语时，其逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以是前面的整个句子；当情况为后者时，动词-ing形式可转化为一个非限制性定语从句。
The cool wind swept through our bedroom windows，making air conditioning unnecessary．
凉风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，没有必要开空调了。(making air conditioning unnecessary的逻辑主语是前面的整个句子。)
(3)由从属连词when，while，though，if，since等引导的状语从句常常可以转换为对应的动词-ing形式短语，此时，“从属连词＋动词-ing形式短语”可以视为状语从句的省略。
A minute ago，she fell down while she was trying to open the window．→A minute ago，she fell down while trying to open the window．
一分钟前，她在尝试开窗户时跌倒了。
[即时训练6]　单句语法填空
①They often cover only their eyes with their hands, ________ (leave) the rest of their bodies exposed．
②We students stood up to show gratitude to our teachers, ________ (wish) them a happy new year．
③________ (hope) to be well prepared for the competition, I wonder whether you can give me some advice．
④The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ (bathe) the mountain in gold light．
⑤________________ (catch) doing other things in your class, I know any excuse is meaningless．
短文语境填空
There is a wonderful story about a young girl 1．________ (have) no family and no one to love her．
One day, 2．________ (feel) very sad and lonely, she was 3．________ (walk) through grassland when she noticed a small butterfly caught in a thorny bush． The young girl carefully released the butterfly． Instead of 4．________ (fly) away, the little butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy．
“In return for your wonderful kindness，”the good fairy said to the girl，“I will give you any wish that you would like to get．”The little girl replied after 5．________ (think) for a moment，“I want to be happy．”
6．________ (lean) toward her，the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared．
With the little girl 7．________ (grow) up，there was no one in the land happier than she was． Everyone often asked her about her secret of 8．________ (be) happy． She would only smile and answer，“The secret of my happiness is that I listened to a good fairy when I was a little girl．”
When she was dying，the neighbors all gathered around her, 9．________ (fear) that her unbelievable secret of happiness would die with her． So they begged her to tell them what the good fairy said． The lovely old woman simply smiled, 10．________ (say)，“She told me that everyone，no matter how old or young，how rich or poor，had need of me．”
第二篇课文(Using Language)
①interrupt vi．& vt．打断；打扰 vt．使暂停；使中断
②scream vi．& vt．(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫 n．[C]尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音
③fellow adj．同类的，同情况的；同伴的
④diner n．[C](尤指餐馆的)就餐者
dine vi．进餐，用饭
⑤choke on sth． 被某物噎住
choke vi．& vt． (使)窒息；(使)哽咽
⑥steak n．[C，U]牛排；肉排
⑦desperate adj．绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的
⑧slap vt．(slapped，slapped，slapping)(用手掌)打，拍 n．[C](用手掌)打，拍；[sing．]拍击声
⑨help sb．to one's feet帮助某人站起身来
⑩force sth． out强行将某物排出
force [熟词生义] vt．用力，强行(把……移动)
practical adj．切实可行的；实际的；实践的
obstruction n．[C]阻塞物；[C，U]阻碍；堵塞
make a fist握拳
fist n．[C]拳；拳头
grab vt．(grabbed，grabbed，grabbing)抓住；攫取 n．[C]抓取；抢夺
tightly adv．紧紧地，牢固地；紧密地
tight adj．牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的adv．紧紧地；牢固地
motion n．[U，sing．]运动；移动
in motion运动中的
face down/up面朝下/上
stand by袖手旁观，无动于衷；信守(诺言)，遵守(协定)，坚持某事物；支持某人
justify vt．证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由
welfare n．[U]幸福；福祉；安康；福利
Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted①[1] when he heard someone screaming② from another table．A fellow③ diner④ at the restaurant, Zhang Tao, was choking on⑤ some steak⑥．He was now holding his throat with his face turning red[2]，while his desperate⑦ friends were slapping⑧ him on the back．
[1]have sth． done结构，表示“使某事被做”。
[2]with复合结构作伴随状语。
Chen wasted no time．He got up and ran to Zhang's table at once．With the help of Zhang's friends, he was able to help Zhang to his feet⑨．Then, standing behind Zhang[3], Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre．The food was instantly forced out⑩， and Zhang began to breathe again．Ten minutes later, an ambulance arrived． The doctors checked Zhang and made sure that he was fine．They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites[4] before they left．
[3]动词-ing形式短语作状语。
[4]suggested表示“建议”，其后的宾语从句使用了虚拟语气，并省略了should。
Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse and sometimes die，leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive[5]．To solve this problem, in 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich，created the Heimlich manoeuvre，saving thousands of lives around the world．Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre[6] is quick, practical ， and easy．It is so easy, in fact, that almost anyone can learn how．
[5]动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。
[6]动词-ing形式短语作主语。
If you see someone choking, first call the emergency services．Then，make sure that the victim is really choking：A choking person cannot speak．Slapping the victim's back will often force out the obstruction ．If this does not work, you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre by standing behind him and wrapping your arms around his waist．Make a fist with one hand and place it in the upper part of his stomach．Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly ， push up and into his stomach in one motion ．Continue doing this until the obstruction is forced out．
Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child is not recommended，as you may hurt him[7]．Instead, lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body, and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again．
［7］as引导原因状语从句。
With choking victims, every minute counts．You cannot just stand by and do nothing．Luckily, Chen had learnt how to give first aid in school．Seeing Zhang choking, he remained calm and reacted immediately．Chen later said about the incident, “How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing We are all humans and we all have a responsibility to look after one another's welfare ．”
北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐时突然听到另一桌有人尖叫，打断了他用餐。餐厅里一个叫张涛的用餐者被牛排噎住了。他这会儿正按着自己的喉咙，满脸通红，而他的朋友们正拼命拍打他的后背。
陈伟毫不迟疑。他立刻站起来，跑到张涛桌前。在张涛朋友们的帮助下，他帮助张涛站了起来。然后，陈伟站到张涛身后，实施海姆利希急救法。食物瞬间被强行排了出来，张涛又开始呼吸了。十分钟后，一辆救护车来了。医生们检查了张涛的身体，确定他没有大碍。离开前，他们建议他吃饭要细嚼慢咽，小口进食。
窒息者通常大约四分钟后就会瘫倒在地，有时甚至死亡，等不到救护车的到来。为了解决这个问题，美国医生亨利·海姆利希于1974年发明了“海姆利希急救法”，挽救了世界上成千上万个生命。海姆利希急救法实施起来快速、实用、简单。事实上，它的操作很简单，几乎任何人都能学会。
如果你发现有人被噎住，首先拨打急救电话。然后，确定患者确实是被噎住了：被噎住的人说不了话。拍打窒息者的后背通常会将阻塞物强行排出。如果这个方法不管用，你可以站在他的身后，用双臂环抱住他的腰，实施海姆利希急救法。一只手握拳，放在他的上腹部。另一只手紧握住这个拳头，快速用力向上往里挤压腹部。重复上述动作，直至阻塞物被强行排出。
不建议对小孩实施海姆利希急救法，因为你可能会伤害到他。相反，应让孩子脸朝下趴在你的腿上，使其头部低于身体其他部位，然后用力拍打其上背部，直到他能再次呼吸。
对于挽救窒息者而言，每一分钟都非常要紧。你不能只是袖手旁观，什么也不做。幸运的是，陈伟在学校学过如何进行急救。看到张涛被噎住，他保持冷静，且反应迅速。陈伟后来谈及此事时说：“我有什么理由坐在那儿什么都不做呢？我们都属于人类大家庭，我们都有责任关心彼此的幸福。”
Period 4
核心词汇
1．①away　②out　③slipped over on the ice
2．①was delayed　②telling　③without delay
单元语法
[即时训练1]
①skipping　②playing　③Having　④Being exposed　⑤feeling
[即时训练2]
①building　②destroying　③focusing　④attending
⑤escaping
[即时训练3]
①getting　②learning　③respecting　④inspiring　⑤ignoring
[即时训练4]
①sleeping　②speaking　③ranging　④remaining　⑤playing
[即时训练5]
①coming　②gathering　③passing　④With the Spring Festival approaching
[即时训练6]
①leaving　②wishing　③Hoping　④bathing
⑤Having been caught
巩固落实
1．having　2．feeling　3．walking　4．flying
5．thinking　6．Leaning　7．growing　8．being
9．fearing　10．saying
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