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牛津译林版八年级上册 Unit 1 Friendship 讲义
一、核心词汇精讲
英文单词 词性 中文释义 例句与用法 重要搭配与扩展
honest adj. 诚实的 Tom is an honest boy; he never tells lies. (汤姆是个诚实的孩子，从不说谎。) 反义词： dishonest (不诚实的)； 副词： honestly (诚实地)； 短语： to be honest (老实说)
secret n. 秘密 Can you keep a secret I don't want others to know. (你能保守秘密吗？我不想让别人知道。) 短语： keep a secret (保密)；tell secrets (泄密)
care v. 关心，在意 A good friend cares about your feelings. (好朋友会在乎你的感受。) 短语： care about (关心)；care for (照顾)； 形容词： caring (关心人的)；careful (仔细的)；careless (粗心的)
trust v. & n. 信任；信赖 I trust my best friend completely. (我完全信任我最好的朋友。) 形容词： trustworthy (值得信赖的)； 同义词： believe in (信任)
humorous adj. 幽默的 His humorous jokes always make us laugh. (他幽默的笑话总让我们发笑。) 名词： humour/humor (幽默)； 短语： sense of humour (幽默感)
joke n. & v. 笑话；开玩笑 She told a funny joke. (她讲了一个有趣的笑话。) Don't joke about that. (别拿那件事开玩笑。) 短语： tell a joke (讲笑话)； play a joke on sb. (捉弄某人)
teenager n. (13-19岁的)青少年 Many teenagers like to spend time with their friends. (许多青少年喜欢和朋友在一起。) 相关： teenage (青少年的)；
polite adj. 有礼貌的 It's polite to say "thank you". (说“谢谢”是有礼貌的。) 反义词： impolite/rude (不礼貌的/粗鲁的)；副词： politely (有礼貌地)
ready adj. 乐意的；准备好的 She is always ready to help others. (她总是乐于助人。) 短语： be ready to do sth. (乐意做某事)； be ready for (为…做好准备)
share v. 分享 A good friend is willing to share. (好朋友乐于分享。) 短语： share sth. with sb. (与某人分享某物)
sense n. 感觉；意识 He has a good sense of direction. (他方向感很好。) 短语： sense of humour (幽默感)； common sense (常识)
energetic adj. 精力充沛的 The energetic boy enjoys sports. (这个精力充沛的男孩喜欢运动。) 名词： energy (精力)
cheerful adj. 快乐的，开朗的 Her cheerful smile makes everyone happy. (她欢快的笑容让每个人都高兴。) 动词： cheer (使振奋)； 短语： cheer up (使振奋起来)
encourage v. 鼓励 My friends often encourage me to try new things. (朋友们常鼓励我尝试新事物。) 短语：encourage sb. to do sth.
二、重点语法解析
1. 形容词比较级和最高级 (Comparative and Superlative of Adjectives)
本单元我们接触了大量描述朋友性格品质的形容词（如 tall, interesting, helpful）。当我们需要对人或事物的性质进行比较时，就要用到形容词的比较级和最高级。
1.1 构成规则
规则 原级 比较级 最高级 例句
一般加 -er, -est tall taller tallest Max is the tallest boy in our class.
以 e 结尾，加 -r, -st nice nicer nicest She is nicer than me.
辅音+y结尾，变 y 为 i, 加 -er, -est happy happier happiest A good friend makes you happier.
重读闭音节结尾，双写尾字母加 -er, -est big bigger biggest His feet are bigger than mine.
部分双音节及多音节词，前加 more, most helpful more helpful most helpful Betty is more helpful than others.
不规则变化 good/well better best Who is your best friend
bad/ill worse worst That was the worst day ever.
many/much more most I need more time to finish.
little less least This is the least interesting book.
1.2 常用句型
A + be + 比较级 + than + B: 表示"A比B更..."
例：I am taller than my sister. (我比我妹妹高。)
A + be + the + 最高级 + of/in...: 表示"A是...中最..."
例：He is the tallest in our class. (他是我们班最高的。)
例：She is one of the most helpful students. (她是最乐于助人的学生之一。)
2. 动词不定式作宾语和宾语补足语 (Infinitive as Object and Object Complement)
动词不定式（to do）在句中扮演着重要角色，它可以放在某些动词后面作宾语，也可以用于“动词+宾语+to do”结构中作宾语补足语。
2.1 不定式作宾语
常用动词：want, like, hope, plan, choose, learn, decide 等。
例：She wants to be a singer when she grows up. (她长大后想成为一名歌手。)
例：I plan to travel around the world. (我计划环游世界。)
2.2 不定式作宾语补足语
常用动词：want, ask, tell, encourage, wish, would like 等。
例：He always encourages me to keep trying. (他总是鼓励我继续尝试。)
例：My teacher asked us to finish the homework on time. (老师要求我们按时完成作业。)
语法运用练习
This computer is ______ (expensive) than that one, but it's ______ (good).
The story is __________ (interesting) one I have ever read.
My mother wants me ______ (drink) more milk every day.
We are planning ______ (visit) the museum next week.
他是所有选手中跑得最快的。
He is ______ ______ ______ of all the players.
三、综合巩固练习
一、词汇应用 (Vocabulary Application)
A. 用所给单词的适当形式填空：
It's important to be ______ (honesty) with your friends.
She has a great sense of ______ (humorous). She always makes us laugh.
My best friend is ______ (help). She always helps me with problems.
I ______ (true) believe that friendship is important.
He told a ______ (fun) story and everyone laughed.
B. 根据首字母或中文提示填空：
A good friend should be t______. You can believe what they say.
She is a c______ person. She is always happy and smiling.
Good friends often ______ (分享) joys and sorrows.
Parents always ______ (鼓励) me to do my best.
We should be p______ to everyone.
二、语法选择 (Grammar Choice)
This book is ______ than that one.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting
Who is ______ student in your class
A. tall B. taller C. the tallest
My mother wants me ______ milk every day.
A. to drink B. drink C. drinking
We are planning ______ to the park tomorrow.
A. to go B. go C. going
He is one of ______ boys in the school.
A. popular B. more popular C. the most popular
三、书面表达 (Writing)
以"My Best Friend"为题，写一篇短文（90词左右），介绍你最好的朋友。
内容包括：
他/她的外貌和性格特点。
他/她身上让你欣赏的品质（如乐于助人、诚实、幽默等），并举例说明。
你为什么认为他/她是你的好朋友。
综合练习参考答案
一、词汇应用
A. 1. honest 2. humour 3. helpful 4. truly 5. funny
B. 1. trustworthy 2. cheerful 3. share 4. encourage 5. polite
二、语法选择
B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C
三、书面表达 (示例)
My Best Friend
My best friend is Lily. She is a tall girl with glasses. She is very kind and helpful. For example, when I was sick, she helped me with my homework and explained the lessons I missed. She is also honest. I can always trust her and tell her my secrets. She has a good sense of humour and often tells jokes to make me laugh. I think a good friend is someone who cares about you and supports you and Lily is exactly that kind of person. I'm happy to have her as my best friend.

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