Unit 3 What were you doing when the rainstorm came 知识点总结(单词 短语 句子 语法)【全新完整版】—鲁教版 初中英语 八上

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Unit 3 What were you doing when the rainstorm came 知识点总结(单词 短语 句子 语法)【全新完整版】—鲁教版 初中英语 八上

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鲁教版 初中英语 八上
Unit 3 What were you doing
when the rainstorm came
知识点总结
(单词+短语+句子+语法)
【全新完整版】
重点单词
天气与自然灾害相关类:
1. rainstorm / re nst rm/ n. 暴风雨
2. storm /st rm/ n. 风暴
3. wind /w nd/ n. 风
4. lightning / la tn / n. 闪电
5. thunder / θ nd r/ n. 雷声
6. flood /fl d/ n. 洪水 v. 淹没
7. cloud /kla d/ n. 云
8. umbrella / m brel / n. 雨伞
9. wet /wet/ adj. 湿的
10. dry /dra / adj. 干燥的
动词(过去进行时核心词)
11. beat /bi t/ v. 敲打;击败
12. fall /f l/ v. 落下;跌倒
13. break /bre k/ v. 打破;折断
14. sleep /sli p/ v. 睡觉
15. wake /we k/ v. 醒来
16. realize / ri la z/ v. 意识到
17. report /r p rt/ v. 报道
18. shine / a n/ v. 发光;照耀
19. blow /bl / v. 吹
20. cover / k v r/ v. 覆盖
21. pick /p k/ v. 捡;摘
22. put /p t/ v. 放;安置
23. hide /ha d/ v. 躲藏
24. move /mu v/ v. 移动
25. shout / a t/ v. 喊叫
地点与物品名词
26. window / w nd / n. 窗户
27. flashlight / fl la t/ n. 手电筒
28. radio / re di / n. 收音机
29. blanket / bl k t/ n. 毯子
30. stick /st k/ n. 棍子
31. wood /w d/ n. 木头
32. branch /br nt / n. 树枝
33. house /ha s/ n. 房子
34. room /ru m/ n. 房间
35. street /stri t/ n. 街道
描述性形容词/副词
36. sudden / s dn/ adj. 突然的
37. suddenly / s dnli/ adv. 突然地
38. heavy / hevi/ adj. 重的;猛烈的
39. dark /dɑ rk/ adj. 黑暗的
40. strange /stre nd / adj. 奇怪的
41. silent / sa l nt/ adj. 寂静的
42. bright /bra t/ adj. 明亮的
43. strong /str / adj. 强壮的;强烈的
44. weak /wi k/ adj. 虚弱的
45. noisy / n zi/ adj. 吵闹的
时间与连接词
46. while /wa l/ conj. 当…时
47. when /wen/ conj. 当…时
48. after / ft r/ prep. 在…之后
49. before /b f r/ prep. 在…之前
50. during / d r / prep. 在…期间
51. later / le t r/ adv. 后来
52. soon /su n/ adv. 不久
其他重要词汇
53. alarm / lɑ rm/ n. 警报
54. noise /n z/ n. 噪音
55. mess /mes/ n. 混乱
56. safe /se f/ adj. 安全的
57. danger / de nd r/ n. 危险
58. help /help/ v. & n. 帮助
59. phone /f n/ n. 电话
60. news /nu z/ n. 新闻
61. power / pa r/ n. 电力;力量
62. outside / a t sa d/ adv. 在外面
63. inside / n sa d/ adv. 在里面
64. everywhere / evriwer/ adv. 到处
65. anywhere / eniwer/ adv. 任何地方
66. someone / s mw n/ pron. 某人
67. anything / eniθ / pron. 任何事物
主要短语
自然灾害与天气相关
1. rainstorm / re nst rm/
- 暴风雨
2. heavy rain
- 大雨
3. strong winds
- 强风
4. fall asleep
- 入睡
5. die down
- (风、雨等)逐渐减弱
6. have a look outside
- 看看外面
7. break...apart
- 使……分离/破裂
8. in a mess
- 一片混乱
9. beat against...
- (风雨)拍打……
10. dark clouds
- 乌云
11. flash of lightning
- 闪电
12. thunder and lightning
- 雷电
过去进行时常用短语
13. was/were doing...when...
- 正在做……突然……
14. at the time of...
- 在……的时候
15. at that time
- 那时
16. all day/night
- 整天/整夜
17. from...to...
- 从……到……(时间段)
18. while + 过去进行时
- 当……的时候
日常活动短语
19. do the dishes
- 洗碗
20. pick up
- 捡起;接电话
21. make sure
- 确保
22. take a hot shower
- 洗热水澡
23. miss the bus
- 错过公交车
24. wait for the bus
- 等公交车
25. go to work
- 去上班
26. wake up
- 醒来
27. put on clothes
- 穿衣服
28. brush teeth
- 刷牙
29. take photos
- 拍照
30. play basketball
- 打篮球
31. cook dinner
- 做晚饭
32. watch TV
- 看电视
33. read a book
- 看书
突发事件与反应
34. hear the news
- 听到消息
35. in silence
- 沉默地
36. in shock
- 震惊地
37. call out
- 大声呼喊
38. run to...
- 跑向……
39. help each other
- 互相帮助
40. in times of difficulty
- 在困难时期
41. have trouble doing...
- 做……有困难
42. fall over
- 摔倒
43. make one’s way to...
- 艰难地前往……
地点与方位
44. at the bus stop
- 在公交车站
45. on the street
- 在街上
46. in the kitchen
- 在厨房
47. in the bathroom
- 在浴室
48. in the living room
- 在客厅
49. by the side of...
- 在……旁边
情感与状态
50. be scared
- 害怕
51. be busy doing...
- 忙于做……
52. be completely dark
- 完全黑暗
53. feel like...
- 感觉像……
54. be worried about...
- 担心……
55. be surprised at...
- 对……感到惊讶
其他重要短语
56. turn on/off the light
- 开/关灯
57. clean up
- 清理
58. go outside
- 出去
e back
- 回来
60. take shelter
- 躲避(风雨)
61. stay at home
- 待在家里
重点句型句子
过去进行时基本结构
1. I was doing my homework when the rainstorm came.
(暴风雨来时我正在做作业。)
2. He was watching TV at 8:00 last night.
(昨晚8点他正在看电视。)
3. They were playing basketball when it started to rain.
(开始下雨时他们正在打篮球。)
4. She was sleeping when the phone rang.
(电话响时她正在睡觉。)
When vs. While 引导的时间状语从句
5. When the rain started, we were running home.
(下雨时我们正在跑回家。)→ when + 短动作
6. While we were running home, the rain started.
(我们正跑回家时,开始下雨了。)→ while + 长动作
7. When I saw him, he was talking to the teacher.
(我看到他时,他正在和老师说话。)
8. While my mom was cooking, I was cleaning the room.
(妈妈做饭时,我正在打扫房间。)
过去进行时与一般过去时对比
9. I was reading a book when the light went out.
(灯熄灭时我正在看书。)→ 进行时(阅读) + 过去时(熄灭)
10. He fell off the bike while he was riding it.
(他骑自行车时摔倒了。)
11. The students were listening to the teacher when the bell rang.
(铃声响起时学生们正在听老师讲课。)
描述暴风雨场景的句子
12. The rain was beating heavily against the windows.
(雨点猛烈地敲打着窗户。)
13. The wind was blowing strongly, and trees were shaking.
(风刮得很猛,树木摇晃着。)
14. Suddenly, there was a loud thunder and the lights went out.
(突然,一声响雷,灯熄灭了。)
15. People were trying to find shelter from the rain.
(人们正试图找地方躲雨。)
询问过去某一时刻的动作(特殊疑问句)
16. What were you doing when the rainstorm came
(暴风雨来时你在做什么?)
17. Where were you going when I called you
(我打电话时你要去哪儿?)
18. Who was cooking dinner at that time
(那时谁在做晚饭?)
19. Why was he running in the rain
(他为什么在雨中跑?)
描述突发事件的句子
20. I was walking home when I saw a car accident.
(我正走回家时看到了一场车祸。)
21. She was taking a shower when the water stopped.
(她正在洗澡时停水了。)
22. They were having a picnic when it suddenly rained.
(他们正在野餐时突然下雨了。)
过去进行时的否定句与疑问句
23. I wasn’t sleeping when you knocked on the door.
(你敲门时我没在睡觉。)
24. Were you studying when I called
(我打电话时你在学习吗?)
25. Was she crying when you saw her
(你看到她时她在哭吗?)
26. They weren’t playing outside because of the storm.
(因为暴风雨,他们没在外面玩。)
描述天气变化的句子
27. The sky was getting darker, so we knew a storm was coming.
(天空越来越暗,我们知道暴风雨要来了。)
28. It was raining heavily, and the streets were flooded.
(雨下得很大,街道被淹了。)
29. The thunder was so loud that the baby woke up.
(雷声太大,婴儿被吵醒了。)
日常生活场景的句子
30. My dad was fixing the car while my mom was cooking.
(爸爸在修车,妈妈在做饭。)
31. The children were doing their homework when the power went out.
(停电时孩子们正在写作业。)
32. We were watching a movie when the phone rang.
(电话响时我们正在看电影。)
情感与反应的句子
33. I was so scared that I couldn’t move.
(我吓得动弹不得。)
34. Everyone was surprised when the lights suddenly came back.
(灯突然亮起时,大家都很惊讶。)
35. He was worried because he couldn’t find his dog.
(他因为找不到狗而担心。)
使用过去进行时讲故事
36. At 7 PM yesterday, I was eating dinner.
(昨晚7点,我正在吃晚饭。)
37. While I was walking to school, I met an old friend.
(我正走去学校时遇到了一位老朋友。)
38. The sun was shining when we left the house.
(我们离开家时阳光明媚。)
其他实用句型
39. What happened while you were sleeping
(你睡觉时发生了什么?)
40. I didn’t hear the news because I was working.
(我没听到新闻,因为我在工作。)
41. They were talking loudly, so I couldn’t concentrate.
(他们大声说话,所以我无法集中注意力。)
42. The teacher was explaining the lesson when the fire alarm went off.
(老师正在讲课时,火警响了。)
43. I was about to leave when you arrived.
(你到时我正要离开。)
44. She was just finishing her work when the computer crashed.
(她快完成工作时电脑死机了。)
45. The dog was barking all night, so no one slept well.
(狗叫了一整晚,所以没人睡好。)
46. We were planning a trip, but the weather ruined it.
(我们正计划旅行,但天气搞砸了计划。)
语法点
本单元语法主要是过去进行时。
一)基本概念
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作,强调动作的持续性和未完成性。常与表示过去具体时间的状语连用,或通过上下文体现时间背景。
二)结构
1. 肯定句:
主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词(V-ing) + 其他.
- I was reading a book at 8 PM yesterday.
(昨晚8点我正在读书。)
- They were playing football when it rained.
(下雨时他们正在踢足球。)
2. 否定句:
主语 + was/were + not + V-ing + 其他.
- She was not (wasn’t) sleeping when you called.
(你打电话时她没在睡觉。)
- We were not (weren’t) joking about the storm.
(我们没在拿暴风雨开玩笑。)
3. 一般疑问句:
Was/Were + 主语 + V-ing + 其他
- Were you listening to music at that time
(那时你在听音乐吗?)
- Was he fixing his bike when the thunder hit
(打雷时他在修自行车吗?)
4. 特殊疑问句:
疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + V-ing + 其他
- What were you doing when the lights went out
(灯灭时你在做什么?)
- Where was she going when you saw her
(你看到她时,她要去哪儿?)
三)核心用法
1. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
- 常与时间状语连用:
- at 8 o’clock last night(昨晚8点)
- at this time yesterday(昨天的这个时候)
- when/while引导的时间状语从句
- 例句:
- I was taking a shower when the phone rang.
(电话响时我正在洗澡。)
- While the children were sleeping, their parents were working.
(孩子们睡觉时,父母在工作。)
2. 表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作
- 强调动作的持续性,常与 all morning/afternoon/night 等连用。
- 例句:
- She was studying English all day yesterday.
(她昨天一整天都在学英语。)
- The wind was blowing strongly for hours.
(大风刮了好几个小时。)
四)时间状语标志词
1. 具体时间点:
- at 9 AM yesterday, at that moment, at noon last Sunday
2. when/while引导的从句:
- When I arrived, they were arguing.
- While I was cooking, she was setting the table.
3. 延续性时间状语:
- all morning, the whole day, from 5 to 7 PM
五)易错点与注意事项
1. When vs. While
- When + 短暂性动词(一般过去时):
- When the teacher entered, we were talking.
- While + 持续性动词(过去进行时):
- While I was walking, I saw a cat.
2. 非延续性动词(如die, arrive, finish)不用于进行时。
- He was dying in the accident. (错误)
- He died in the accident. (正确)
3. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别:
- 过去进行时:强调动作的进行性(未完成)。
- I was reading a book. (正在读,未读完)
- 一般过去时:强调动作的完成性。
- I read a book. (读完了)
六)典型例句解析
1. 动作被打断:
- I was watching TV when the power went out.
(过去进行时 + 一般过去时)
2. 两个同时进行的动作:
- While I was doing homework, my brother was playing games.
(两个过去进行时)
3. 描述情绪或环境:
- It was raining, and everyone was feeling cold.
PS: 过去进行时中 when 和 while 的区别
一)核心区别
关键词 引导的从句动词类型 主句常用时态 功能侧重
when 可接短暂性动作(一般过去时)或持续性动作(过去进行时) 根据语境灵活使用 强调动作发生的瞬间时间点
while 必须接持续性动作(过去进行时) 主句多用过去进行时或一般过去时 强调两个动作同时持续进行
二)when 的用法
1. 接短暂性动作(一般过去时):
- 表示"当...发生时",主句用过去进行时(描述背景动作)。
- 例句:
- When the phone rang, I was taking a shower.
(电话响时,我正在洗澡。)→ 电话响是瞬间动作。
- When the teacher entered, the students were talking.
(老师进来时,学生们正在说话。)
2. 接持续性动作(过去进行时):
- 此时可与 while 互换,但 when 更强调时间点。
- 例句:
- When/While I was walking home, it started to rain.
(我正走回家时,开始下雨了。)
3. 主句用一般过去时:
- 表示一个动作发生时,另一个动作紧接着发生。
- 例句:
- When the rain stopped, we went outside.
(雨停时,我们出去了。)
三)while 的用法
1. 必须接持续性动作(过去进行时):
- 强调两个动作同时持续进行,从句和主句均可用过去进行时。
- 例句:
- While I was cooking, my sister was watching TV.
(我在做饭时,姐姐在看电视。)→ 两个动作同时持续。
- While the sun was shining, we were playing in the park.
(阳光明媚时,我们正在公园玩耍。)
2. 主句用一般过去时:
- 表示一个持续动作被另一个动作打断。
- 例句:
- While I was sleeping, my phone rang.
(我正睡觉时,电话响了。)
四)对比练习
1. when vs. while:
- While the light went out, I was reading. (错误,go out是短暂动作)
- When the light went out, I was reading. (正确)
- While I was reading, the light went out. (正确)
2. 互换情况:
- 当从句是持续性动作时,when 和 while 可互换:
- When/While she was dancing, the music stopped.
注意:
while 后绝对不能用短暂性动词:
- While he arrived, I was cooking. (arrive是短暂动作,错误)
- When he arrived, I was cooking. (正确)

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