资源简介 【2022新课标】2025秋新仁爱科普版英语八上Unit 6 Earth and Beyond知识点总结(单词+短语+句子+语法)(全新完整版)重点单词宇宙天体类1. star /stɑ r/ n. 恒星;明星2. planet / pl n t/ n. 行星3. Earth / rθ/ n. 地球4. sun /s n/ n. 太阳5. moon /mu n/ n. 月球6. galaxy / ɡ l ksi/ n. 星系7. universe / ju n v rs/ n. 宇宙8. satellite / s t la t/ n. 卫星9. comet / k m t/ n. 彗星10. asteroid / st r d/ n. 小行星11. meteor / mi ti r/ n. 流星12. crater / kre t r/ n. 陨石坑太空探索类13. rocket / r k t/ n. 火箭14. spaceship / spe s p/ n. 宇宙飞船15. astronaut / str n t/ n. 宇航员16. orbit / rb t/ n./v. 轨道;环绕运行17. launch /l nt / v. 发射18. gravity / ɡr v ti/ n. 重力19. telescope / tel sk p/ n. 望远镜20. space station /spe s ste n/ n. 空间站21. alien / e li n/ n. 外星人22. observatory / b z rv t ri/ n. 天文台自然与地理类23. volcano /v l ke n / n. 火山24. lava / lɑ v / n. 岩浆25. earthquake / rθkwe k/ n. 地震26. tsunami /tsu nɑ mi/ n. 海啸27. atmosphere / tm sf r/ n. 大气层28. climate / kla m t/ n. 气候29. oxygen / ks d n/ n. 氧气30. hydrogen / ha dr d n/ n. 氢气31. carbon dioxide / kɑ rb n da ksa d/ n. 二氧化碳32. methane / mi θe n/ n. 甲烷33. desert / dez rt/ n. 沙漠34. glacier / ɡle si r/ n. 冰川35. ocean / n/ n. 海洋36. tide /ta d/ n. 潮汐37. continent / k nt n nt/ n. 大陆38. plate /ple t/ n. 板块科技与环保类39. technology /tek n l d i/ n. 科技40. innovation / n ve n/ n. 创新41. pollution /p lu n/ n. 污染42. waste /we st/ n. 废物43. recycle / ri sa kl/ v. 回收利用44. conserve /k n s rv/ v. 节约45. energy / en d i/ n. 能源46. resource /r s rs/ n. 资源47. solar / s l r/ adj. 太阳的48. nuclear / nju kli r/ adj. 核能的49. wind power /w nd pa r/ n. 风能50. geothermal / d i θ rm l/ adj. 地热的51. protect /pr tekt/ v. 保护52. preserve /pr z rv/ v. 保存53. environment / n va r nm nt/ n. 环境54. ecosystem / i k s st m/ n. 生态系统动作与行为类55. explore / k spl r/ v. 探索56. investigate / n vest ɡe t/ v. 调查57. discover /d sk v r/ v. 发现58. analyze / n la z/ v. 分析59. observe / b z rv/ v. 观察60. travel / tr vl/ v. 旅行61. float /fl t/ v. 漂浮62. rotate /r te t/ v. 旋转63. survive /s r va v/ v. 生存64. destroy /d str / v. 破坏形容描述类65. huge /hju d / adj. 巨大的66. endless / endl s/ adj. 无尽的67. mysterious /m st ri s/ adj. 神秘的68. dangerous / de nd r s/ adj. 危险的69. peaceful / pi sfl/ adj. 和平的70. silent / sa l nt/ adj. 寂静的其它核心词汇71. beyond /b j nd/ prep. 超出72. surface / s rf s/ n. 表面73. distance / d st ns/ n. 距离74. future / fju t r/ n. 未来75. research /r s rt / n./v. 研究76. experiment / k sper m nt/ n. 实验77. knowledge / n l d / n. 知识主要短语宇宙与太空探索1. solar system 太阳系2. Milky Way 银河系3. black hole 黑洞4. space exploration 太空探索5. space travel 太空旅行6. land on the moon 登月7. artificial satellite 人造卫星8. space mission 太空任务9. zero gravity 零重力10. space suit 宇航服自然现象与地理11. natural disaster 自然灾害12. volcanic eruption 火山喷发13. tidal wave 潮汐波14. polar ice cap 极地冰盖15. greenhouse effect 温室效应16. climate change 气候变化17. air pollution 空气污染18. water cycle 水循环19. solar energy 太阳能20. wind farm 风力发电场科技与环保21. renewable energy 可再生能源22. fossil fuel 化石燃料23. reduce waste 减少浪费24. protect the environment 保护环境25. save energy 节约能源26. recycling bin 回收箱27. eco-friendly 环保的28. global warming 全球变暖29. carbon footprint 碳足迹30. clean energy 清洁能源动作与行为31. look through a telescope 用望远镜观察32. explore space 探索太空33. make a discovery 发现34. conduct an experiment 做实验35. collect data 收集数据36. float in space 在太空中漂浮37. orbit the Earth 绕地球轨道运行38. launch a rocket 发射火箭39. survive in extreme conditions 在极端条件下生存40. prevent pollution 防止污染描述与状态41. in the distance 在远处42. on the surface 在表面43. deep underground 地下深处44. far beyond 远超45. highly dangerous 高度危险的pletely silent 完全寂静的47. endless space 无尽的太空48. mysterious universe 神秘的宇宙49. peaceful atmosphere 宁静的氛围50. huge impact 巨大影响重点句型句子宇宙天体类:1. The solar system consists of eight planets.太阳系由八大行星组成。2. The Milky Way is just one of billions of galaxies.银河系只是数十亿个星系中的一个。3. Jupiter, the largest planet, has at least 79 moons.最大的行星木星至少有79颗卫星。4. Asteroids are rocky objects orbiting the sun.小行星是绕太阳运行的岩石天体。5. Comets develop tails when approaching the sun.彗星接近太阳时会形成尾巴。6. Our sun is actually a medium-sized star.我们的太阳实际上是一颗中等大小的恒星。7. Black holes have extremely strong gravity.黑洞具有极强的引力。地球环境现状8. Climate change is causing global temperatures to rise.气候变化导致全球气温上升。9. The ozone layer protects life from UV radiation.臭氧层保护生命免受紫外线辐射。10. Plastic pollution is threatening marine life.塑料污染正在威胁海洋生物。11. Deforestation destroys animal habitats.森林砍伐破坏了动物栖息地。12. Air pollution affects people's health.空气污染影响人们的健康。13. Clean water is becoming scarce in some areas.清洁水在一些地区正变得稀缺。太空探索技术14. Space telescopes can observe distant galaxies.太空望远镜可以观测遥远星系。15. Mars rovers collect samples for analysis.火星车收集样本进行分析。16. Reusable rockets reduce space mission costs.可重复使用火箭降低了太空任务成本。17. Space stations allow long-term space research.空间站允许进行长期太空研究。18. Satellite navigation helps daily transportation.卫星导航有助于日常交通。能源与可持续发展19. Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity.太阳能电池板将阳光转化为电能。20. Wind turbines generate clean energy.风力涡轮机产生清洁能源。21. Geothermal energy utilizes Earth's heat.地热能利用地球的热量。22. Fossil fuels cause air pollution.化石燃料造成空气污染。23. Nuclear power produces less carbon emission.核能产生的碳排放较少。24. Energy conservation benefits everyone.节能对每个人都有益。未来科技25. Space tourism may become affordable.太空旅游可能变得负担得起。26. Moon bases could be established by 2040.月球基地可能在2040年前建立。27. Mars colonization requires new technologies.火星殖民需要新技术。28. Flying cars might solve traffic problems.飞行汽车可能解决交通问题。29. AI will assist in space exploration.人工智能将协助太空探索。环保行动倡议30. Reduce, reuse and recycle daily waste.减少使用、重复利用和回收日常垃圾。31. Planting trees helps absorb carbon dioxide.植树有助于吸收二氧化碳。32. Using public transportation reduces emissions.使用公共交通工具减少排放。33. Turn off lights when not in use.不用电时请关灯。34. Bring reusable bags when shopping.购物时携带可重复使用的袋子。自然现象解析35. Earthquakes occur along fault lines.地震沿着断层线发生。36. Volcanic eruptions release gases and ash.火山喷发释放气体和火山灰。37. The water cycle maintains Earth's balance.水循环维持地球的平衡。38. Tides are caused by the moon's gravity.潮汐是由月球引力引起的。科学探索意义39. Space exploration expands human knowledge.太空探索扩展人类知识。40. Protecting Earth ensures our future.保护地球保障我们的未来。41. Scientific research improves our lives.科学研究改善我们的生活。42. Understanding nature helps protect it.理解自然有助于保护自然。43. Technology and ecology must develop together.科技与生态必须共同发展。语法点本单元语法主要是英语后缀-ness和形容词的比较级最高级。英语后缀-ness:一)基本概念-ness 是英语中常见的名词后缀,用于将形容词转化为抽象名词,表示"性质、状态或程度"。它通常附加在形容词后,构成不可数名词,指代某种抽象的特征或情况。二)构成规则1. 直接添加大多数形容词直接加 -ness:- kind(善良的)→ kindness(善良)- happy(快乐的)→ happiness(快乐)- dark(黑暗的)→ darkness(黑暗)2. 以-y结尾的形容词先将 y 改为 i,再加 -ness:- busy(忙碌的)→ business(注意:此为特殊形式,原为"忙碌状态",后专指"商业")- lazy(懒惰的)→ laziness(懒惰)- crazy(疯狂的)→ craziness(疯狂)3. 以辅音+e结尾的形容词保留 e 再加 -ness:- aware(意识到的)→ awareness(意识)- complete(完整的)→ completeness(完整性)4. 以重读闭音节结尾的形容词双写末尾辅音字母再加 -ness:- sad(悲伤的)→ sadness(悲伤)- thin(薄的)→ thinness(薄度)三)语法功能1. 转化为抽象名词表示某种性质或状态的名称:- Illness(疾病) = ill(生病的) + -ness- Forgiveness(宽恕) = forgiving(宽恕的) + -ness2. 不可数名词特性多数以 -ness 结尾的名词为不可数名词:- Correct: Happiness is important.- Incorrect: ~~Happinesses are important.~~四)语义特点1. 中性含义既可用于积极意义也可用于消极意义:- 积极:brightness(明亮),gentleness(温柔)- 消极:weakness(弱点),carelessness(粗心)2. 与原形容词的关系保留原形容词的核心含义:- Cold(冷的)→ coldness(寒冷)- Open(开放的)→ openness(开放度)五)练一下1. 用括号内词的正确形式填空:The ___ (dark) of the room made me nervous.→ darkness2. 改错:Her happyness is contagious.→ happiness3. 翻译:他的善良感动了所有人。→ His kindness moved everyone.其它:- 身体状态:fitness(健康),tiredness(疲倦)- 情感特征:loneliness(孤独),gentleness(温柔)- 自然现象:bitterness(苦味),wetness(潮湿)形容词的比较级和最高级一)基本概念形容词的比较级和最高级用于比较不同事物的性质、程度或数量。- 原级:形容词的基本形式,不进行比较。- 例:This book is interesting.(这本书很有趣。)- 比较级:用于两者之间的比较,表示"更..."。- 例:This book is more interesting than that one.(这本书比那本更有趣。)- 最高级:用于三者或以上的比较,表示"最..."。- 例:This is the most interesting book I've ever read.(这是我读过的最有趣的书。)二)形容词比较级和最高级的构成1. 规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法 原级 比较级 最高级一般单音节词 tall(高的) taller tallest未尾加-er,-est great(巨大的) greater greatest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st nice(好的) nicer nicestlarge(大的) larger largestable(有能力的) abler ablest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母再加-er,-est big(大的) bigger biggesthot(热的) hotter hottest"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est easy(容易的) easier easiestbusy(忙的) busier busiest少数以-er,-ow 结尾的双音节词 未尾加-er,-estclever(聪明的) cleverer cleverestnarrow(窄的) narrower narrowest其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more\most来构成比较级和最高级。 important(重要的) easily(容易地) more important more easily most important most easily2. 不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级good(好的) / well(健康的) better bestbad (坏的) / ill(有病的) worse worsetold(老的) older/elder oldest/eldestmuch/many(多的) more mostlittle(少的) less leastfar (远的) farthe r/ further farthest / furthest3. 以 `-ed` / `-ing` / `-ful` / `-less` 结尾的形容词(通常加 `more` / `most`)- tired(疲倦的)→ more tired → most tired- boring(无聊的)→ more boring → most boring- careful(小心的)→ more careful → most careful注意:- `farther` 指实际距离更远,`further` 指抽象概念(如"进一步")。- He ran farther than me.(他跑得比我远。)- We need further discussion.(我们需要进一步讨论。)- `elder / eldest` 主要用于家庭关系(如"哥哥/姐姐")。- My elder brother is taller than me.(我哥哥比我高。)三)比较级和最高级的用法1. 比较级(1) 用于两者比较,结构:`A + be + 比较级 + than + B`- She is taller than her sister.(她比她姐姐高。)- This car is more expensive than that one.(这辆车比那辆贵。)(2) 表示"越来越...",用 `比较级 + and + 比较级`- The weather is getting hotter and hotter.(天气越来越热。)- He became more and more interested in science.(他对科学越来越感兴趣。)(3) 表示"越...越...",用 `The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...`- The more you study, the smarter you become.(你学得越多,就越聪明。)- The faster you run, the more tired you will be.(你跑得越快,就会越累。)2. 最高级(1) 用于三者或以上比较,结构:`the + 最高级 + (名词) + in / of...`- He is the tallest student in his class.(他是班上最高的学生。)- This is the most interesting book of all.(这是所有书中最有趣的。)(2) 最高级前可加序数词- The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.(黄河是中国第二长的河流。)(3) 最高级前可加 `very` / `by far` 强调- This is by far the best movie I've seen.(这是我迄今为止看过的最好的电影。)四)常见错误及注意事项1. 比较对象要一致- My car is faster than you.(错误,不能比较车和人)- My car is faster than yours.(正确,比较两辆车)2. 避免双重比较级- She is more taller than me.(错误,`more` 和 `-er` 不能同时用)- She is taller than me.(正确)3. 最高级前必须加 `the`- He is most intelligent student in class.(错误,缺少 `the`)- He is the most intelligent student in class.(正确)五)练一下1. 写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级:- young → __________ → __________- important → __________ → __________- bad → __________ → __________2. 用适当形式填空:- This problem is __________ (difficult) than the last one.- She is __________ (beautiful) girl in our school.- The __________ (much) you practice, the __________ (good) you will be.答案:1. younger → youngest / more important → most important / worse → worst2. more difficult / the most beautiful / more → better 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览