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湖北省武汉市江汉区2024-2025学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题
一、阅读理解A
（2025高一下·江汉期末）The National GalleryDiscover the collection
The National Gallery displays one of the finest and most comprehensive collections of European painting. It includes many famous works, such as Van Eyck's Arnolfini Portrait, Velazquez's Rokeby Venus, Turner's Fighting Temeraire and Van Gogh's Sunflowers. All major traditions of Western European painting are represented from the artists of late medieval and Renaissance Italy to the French Impressionists.
This plan will help you to explore the collection. You may wish to start by finding one of the famous paintings illustrated overleaf. You can also plan your route using the ArtStart touch-screen guides. Free guided tours and a variety of audio guides are available.
For further information, ask at Information Desks or pick up the What's On and Book Now guides for full details of talks, tours and family events.
A public collection
The paintings in the National Gallery belong to the public and entrance to see them is free. The Gallery was founded in 1824, but it did not acquire its current home, designed by William Wilkins, until 1838. The site in Trafalgar Square was chosen for its central location, accessible to both the rich of West London and the poorer communities of the East End. The building has been extended and improved over the years, most notably in 1991 with the opening of the Sainsbury Wing, designed by Venturi, Scott Brown & Associates. The Gallery continues to ensure that the widest possible public can enjoy the paintings.
If you do not wish to keep this plan, please return it to an Information Desk for recycling.
1．How can visitors find the illustrated painting Sunflowers
A．Ask for an audio guide.
B．Read Book Now guides.
C．Search it on the back of the plan.
D．Use the ArtStart touch-screen guides.
2．What can be learned about the National Gallery building
A．It has been expanded over time.
B．It was designed by Venturi alone.
C．Wilkins designed the Sainsbury Wing.
D．Its current form was completed in 1824.
3．Where is the text most likely from
A．A personal diary. B．A travel website.
C．A science magazine. D．A museum leaflet.
二、B
（2025高一下·江汉期末）Not long before writing this note, I set out with Gracie to hike a favorite trail, which is how I found myself out of breath up a steep Berkshires hillside in late-winter snow. The trail hadn't been broken, and there was a wild wind. I paused at a fork. One way led to the highest point in the preserve, our goal for the day, and the other descended, wrapped around the cliff and back to the parking area. A longer but easier trail that passed by an impressive beaver dam we always loved to see. Gracie sat, her wagging tail making a one-winged snow angel.
I thought of cancer survivor Lynne Hartke's brave story in this issue, about struggle to reach the top of El Minsti, a dormant volcano in Peru, and the lesson she learned. Like Lynne, I hate to give up before reaching a goal, even if mine was more modest. Yet maybe, like Lynne, I should recognize that my plan is not always God's plan, not today at least, and maybe not on any given day.
We don't pick stories for an issue around a certain theme. Still, a theme sometimes suggests itself as the pieces develop. Take our cover story, by Mary Bryant Shrader. Her plan was to become a hard-charging corporate lawyer. Now she's a You Tube cooking star and prepper, teaching people traditional ways of keeping a kitchen. Little did she know how that philosophy would influence her faith in a moment of crisis. In her story, Night and Day, all Jessica Reed desired for was to be normal. Yet was her idea of "normal" God's idea Take a cross-country ride with Jim Hinch and son in The Two Dudes, and witness how the best-laid plans of a father can take a different turn.
In my life, I've learned that the path laid out before me was not the one I thought I would follow. And yet it has brought great fortune. Even on a late-winter day on a snowy hillside trail. "Come on, Gracie," I said. "Let's go see the beavers."
4．How did the author feel when pausing at the fork
A．Confident. B．Hesitant. C．Determined. D．Impatient.
5．Which of the following can replace the underlined word "modest" in paragraph 2
A．Ordinary. B．Challenging. C．Expensive. D．Hidden.
6．What is common among Lynne Hartke, Mary Shrader, and Jessica Reed
A．They failed in career. B．They shifted personal goals.
C．They broke former plans. D．They found faith through nature.
7．Why does the author write this passage
A．To criticize strict planning. B．To promote religious beliefs.
C．To encourage flexible thinking. D．To describe a hiking adventure.
三、C
（2025高一下·江汉期末）Dogs have been close four-legged friends of humans for as long as we can remember, but exactly how long has this relationship lasted Scientists may finally have an answer, thanks to a new study on ancient human remains found in Alaska. The research suggests that the strong bond between humans and the ancestors of today's dogs began 12,000 years ago.
"We now have proof that dogs and humans had close connections earlier than we thought in the Americas," said the study's lead author, Francois Lanoe, an assistant researcher at the University of Arizona's School of Anthropology.
"People interested in the origins of the Americas want to know if the first humans arrived with dogs. Until we find these animals in old digging sites, we can only guess — it's hard to confirm. This discovery is very significant."
In a 2018 archaeological study, the same team found a lower leg bone from an adult dog-like animal at a site in Alaska. Carbon dating showed the animal lived 12,000 years ago, near the end of the Ice Age. More recently, in June 2023, the team dug up an 8,100-year-old jawbone from a similar animal at a nearby site.
For the new study, scientists performed chemical tests on these bones. They found salmon proteins, suggesting these animals ate fish regularly. This was unusual because dog-like animals at the time only hunted land animals, showing human influence.
While the team believes this is the earliest known relationship between humans and dogs, they say it's too soon to be certain. A key question remains: "What defines a dog " said Dr. Ben Potter, a co-author of the study and an archaeologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Though these creatures acted and looked like dogs, they might be too ancient to be genetically connected to modern dogs we know today.
8．What is the main idea of the passage
A．A new study proves dogs originated in Alaska.
B．Ancient dogs survived the Ice Age by eating fish.
C．Scientists discovered the oldest human remains in America.
D．Humans and dogs developed a close bond 12,000 years ago.
9．What can we infer about the significance of the discovery
A．It confirms dogs arrived in America before humans.
B．It provides clues about early human-dog interactions.
C．It solves the mystery of modern dog genetics.
D．It disproves previous theories about the Ice Age.
10．How was the age of the bone determined in the 2018 study
A．Genetic testing. B．Carbon dating.
C．Protein analysis. D．Site comparison.
11．Why is the team uncertain about the earliest human-dog relationship
A．Weak genetic connection.
B．Lack of multiple bone samples.
C．Confusion over defining "dog".
D．Inconclusive salmon protein results.
四、D
（2025高一下·江汉期末）The "hedgehog (刺猬) dilemma" is a famous metaphor from German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. In his 1851 book, he described how humans struggle with relationships through a story about hedgehogs. His advice was simple: keep your distance.
This sad story became widely discussed. Sigmund Freud and modern scientists studied this idea. In 2015, an award-winning short film called Henry retold this story.
How does this apply to real life Most people remember being hurt by close relationships – broken friendships, family conflicts, or romantic betrayals. Since these connections matter deeply, their damage hurts more. Should we stop trusting others Schopenhauer said yes, but science would say otherwise.
A study in PLOS Medicine reviewing 148 studies with over 300,000 people found those with strong social connections live 50% longer. The National Institute on Aging warns that loneliness harms health as much as smoking 15 cigarettes daily — making Schopenhauer's advice concerning.
When hurt repeatedly, people often fall into defense mode. Relationship expert Hilary Sanders explains common defense behaviors: going silent during arguments, seeing normal comments as criticism, or overreacting to small issues. These reactions often start in childhood. If parents often criticized or classmates bullied someone, they might develop habits like pretending not to care or getting angry easily. While these helped survive childhood pain, they cause problems in adult relationships when used unconsciously.
The good news is people can change. Through therapy, many learn to recognize their defense patterns and understand their origins. Couples can improve relationships by learning each other's emotional triggers and responding thoughtfully instead of arguing. However, Sanders warns that defenses shouldn't be removed suddenly — it's like taking down a wall brick by brick.
Although Schopenhauer focused on the pain of closeness, the hedgehog story actually shows our deep need for connection. Unlike real hedgehogs, humans aren't born with physical spines. By carefully lowering our defenses around trustworthy people, we might truly enjoy both warmth and safety in relationships.
12．Why does the author mention the hedgehog dilemma in paragraph 1
A．To emphasize its importance.
B．To support Schopenhauer's advice.
C．To recommend Schopenhauer's book.
D．To introduce the theme of relationship.
13．What is Schopenhauer's core solution to the "hedgehog dilemma"
A．Avoid closeness. B．Seek therapy.
C．Ignore pain. D．Build walls.
14．What major evidence goes against Schopenhauer's advice
A．Defense behavior of people. B．Freud's studies.
C．Longevity from social ties. D．Henry's short film.
15．What does Sanders say about close connection
A．Couples should learn to defend it thoughtfully.
B．Humans can benefit from it unconsciously.
C．It can help children relieve childhood pain.
D．People should make gradual progress in it.
五、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2025高一下·江汉期末）One thing that most of us will agree on is that there is a lot of "stuff" in the world. And with environmental and economic concerns on our minds, wouldn't it make sense if we could share things between us a bit more 　16． 　 Sharing libraries offer useful items to local people, who are able to borrow and return them, free of charge or for a very low fee.
These collections tend to focus on common things that we all need, but which we don't use constantly. This saves on the environmental impact of producing the items by reducing the demand for new things.
　17． 　 For families, financial barriers can mean that things like toys or comfortable clothing can be knocked down the priorities list. But these libraries create a sense of equality in the community, meaning that individuals don't need to go without.
There are several ways to find out where your closest sharing library is.　18． 　 It maps 50 libraries across the UK. But if your area isn't listed by those sites, don't give up hope. Some communities will set up smaller, informal versions of these libraries — for example, street WhatsApp groups where people ask if anyone on the road has the thing they're looking to borrow, or local pass-it-on groups.　19． 　 Attend the Network's online workshops to learn more about sharing libraries and how to set one up for themselves.
In a world where we're encouraged to continue to collect more and more stuff, sharing libraries are taking a stand for the environment and for our personal finances. So, next time you find yourself in need of something handy, consider looking for a way to borrow it.　20． 　
A. Still no luck
B. If unlisted, search locally.
C. At the core of sharing libraries is greater access.
D. This is the fundamental idea behind sharing libraries.
E. This concept challenges traditional ownership models.
F. Start by checking the UK Sharing Libraries Network website.
G. It'll be easy on the planet, easy on your pocket, and great for the community.
六、阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2025高一下·江汉期末）I always enjoyed wilderness adventures in Africa. One day, I overheard a cycling trail running through the bush after 21． in Australia. I researched the trail and became 22． about riding it during the summer holidays. The trail was still new and mobile phone 23． along the route was poor.
I started at Collie. It was very hot, and I drank water 24． and the first thing I did when I arrived at the first stop was 25． the rainwater tank. I was 26． to find that it had water.
The next day the trail 27． became difficult to find. By midday, the 28． had become unbearable. I was becoming increasingly 29． when I realized that I was quite lost. I stopped to consider my 30． . The 31． plan was to stay overnight at a tourist park, but I had no idea where I was. Tiredly, I got up, remounted my bike. After two hours, I was delighted to see cycle tracks that looked 32． . However, I soon realized that they were my own!
I had no more water, and was sleepy. A sudden wind 33． me. I heard the sound of a motor, but it disappeared. A while later I heard it again. I 34． myself and walked to where the sound was coming. There before me was the dam, with boats towing water skiers and people relaxing. My first lesson on living in Australia had been 35． .
21．A．traveling B．settling C．hiking D．surviving
22．A．excited B．concerned C．determined D．puzzled
23．A．symbol B．battery C．signal D．package
24．A．rarely B．regularly C．instantly D．cautiously
25．A．supply B．fix C．view D．check
26．A．astonished B．disappointed C．frustrated D．relieved
27．A．markers B．arrows C．destinations D．details
28．A．path B．adventure C．heat D．cycling
29．A．uneasy B．unconfident C．uncomfortable D．uncertain
30．A．opportunities B．strategies C．schedules D．options
31．A．formal B．original C．senior D．organized
32．A．deep B．recent C．precious D．unique
33．A．challenged B．circled C．stirred D．struck
34．A．set up B．signed up C．forced up D．dressed up
35．A．delivered B．packed C．improved D．recommended
七、第二节 短文填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2025高一下·江汉期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The over-21-kilometer half marathon course struck a perfect balance: challenging yet doable for runners of all levels. There were machine competitors　36． 　 (compete) in the world's first humanoid robot half marathon, held in the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area (BDA) in the southeast of the city.　37． 　 silicon racers would soon compete on the same physical route as human runners, though on separate tracks.
"Think of it　38． 　 a car rally (汽车拉力赛) for robots," said Liang Liang, deputy director of the BDA management committee. The rules of the humanoid robot half marathon were closely like　39． 　 of a car rally, Liang noted. Teams combined AI autonomy with human oversight, dealing with　40． 　 (challenge) no machine had quite faced before: uneven pavements, communication drops　41． 　 the unpredictability of the outdoors.
"The event　42． 　 (serve) as a testing and demonstration platform, but more importantly, as a space for　43． 　 (develop), enthusiasts and companies to exchange ideas," Liang said.
At the Beijing E-Town half marathon, the Tien Kung Ultra robot developed by the Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center crossed the finish line in just 2 hours and 40 minutes. Noetix's N2 came in second, while a robot designed by Shanghai-based firm DroidUp　44． 　 (secure) third place.
Isn't the organizers' motto, "To compete is victory, to finish is glory,"　45． 　 (fill) with Akhwari's story Every small step these robots took on the marathon course represented a giant leap for China's technological breakthroughs.
八、写作 第一节（满分15分）
46．（2025高一下·江汉期末）假定你是李华，近期你班正在小组合作完成一个英语项目活动(Project)"Tell Stories of China in English"并在班级进行分享，很多小组觉得难以开展。现在请你针对如何解决此问题在课堂上进行英语演讲，内容包括：
1. 陈述看法；2.提出建议。
注意： 1.写作词数为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
How to Tell Stories of China in English as a Group
Good morning, everyone!
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks for your listening!
九、第二节（满分25分）
47．（2025高一下·江汉期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I like things to balance, partly because of my name, "Ava." When something bothers me, I try to balance the bad with the good. That's why I don't mind being the tallest kid in third grade.
Bad: Have to stand in the back row of my class picture.
Good: Can reach the books on the top library shelf.
Bad: Everyone always points out how tall I am.
Good: Sometimes I want people to notice me. So it balances.
One day, a new girl, Ava Zafra, comes to school, and she's the shortest kid in third grade. Now everyone calls me "Ava J." and the new girl "Ava Z." I thought if we had the same name, maybe we were alike. During art class, I paint a kitten sliding down a rainbow. Ava Z. paints her shoes black. She shouts, "I am an alien hunter! Fear me!" We aren't alike.
During a break, Samir yells, "Over there, Ava!" When I look at Samir, he shakes his head. "Not you, Big Ava. I meant Little Ava." From then on, I'm not just Ava. I'm not even Ava J. — I'm Big Ava. I try to think of something good about being big, but I can't remember anything good.
The next day, Ms. Wu has a surprise. "Everyone, let's draw to pick the speaking roles for our class play!" she announces. "It's called Clever Jack. He rescues a princess from a giant with the help of a wood fairy."
The fairy! Maybe I can wear my fairy costume. I cross my fingers when she picks the name. "The fairy will be Ava Z.," Ms. Wu says. Then, she pulls one more name from the jar and looks at me. "Ava. J. will be the giant." My heart sinks. The ugly, scary giant My only line is, "ARRGH!" I hate yelling! I don't want to be too big!
Our class rehearses (排练) until we know every line. The day before the play, we try on our costumes. When it's my turn, Ms. Wu drops a burlap (麻布) robe over my head. I am an ugly, scary giant.
I run to the bathroom, so no one will see my cry. I'm not alone.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Little Ava is there, and she's crying, too.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
"Ready to exchange " asks Little Ava.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案解析部分
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍英国国家美术馆（The National Gallery），包括其展出的欧洲绘画精品收藏、探索收藏的指南、免费开放的公共属性、发展历程以及鼓励读者归还游览指南以进行回收等内容。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"You may wish to start by finding one of the famous paintings illustrated overleaf." 你可能希望从反面插图的一幅名画开始。说明可以在计划的背面找到有图示的著名画作，《向日葵》是著名画作之一。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据A public collection 部分中的"The building has been extended and improved over the years, most notably in 1991 with the opening of the Sainsbury Wing, designed by Venturi, Scott Brown & Associates." 多年来，该建筑一直在扩建和改进，最引人注目的是1991年由文丘里，斯科特布朗和联合设计的塞恩斯伯里翼的开放。可知，关于国家美术馆可以了解到随着时间的推移，它已经扩大了。故选A。
3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了国家美术馆的藏品、参观方式、建筑历史等信息，整体是关于美术馆的介绍，所以最有可能来自博物馆的传单。故选D。
【答案】4．B
5．A
6．B
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者自身徒步经历、他人故事（如癌症幸存者、YouTube烹饪明星、父子旅行等），传达一个核心观点：人生之路往往与预设目标不同，但接纳变化、顺应未知可能带来意想不到的收获与成长。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"Like Lynne, I hate to give up before reaching a goal, even if mine was more modest. Yet maybe, like Lynne, I should recognize that my plan is not always God's plan, not today at least, and maybe not on any given day."像Lynne一样，我也不喜欢在达到目标之前就放弃，即使我的目标更modest。然而，也许和Lynne一样，我应该认识到，我的计划并不总是上帝的计划，至少今天不是，也许在任何一天都不是。可知，作者提到自己和Lynne一样不喜欢在达到目标前放弃，但又在思考也许自己的计划并不总是对的，可推知作者在岔路口时内心是犹豫的，不确定该选择哪条路，故选B。
5．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的"Like Lynne, I hate to give up before reaching a goal, even if miCne was more modest. Yet maybe, like Lynne, I should recognize that my plan is not always God's plan, not today at least, and maybe not on any given day. "像Lynne一样，我也不喜欢在达到目标之前就放弃，即使我的目标更modest。然而，也许和Lynne一样，我应该认识到，我的计划并不总是上帝的计划，至少今天不是，也许在任何一天都不是。可知，作者将Lynne爬秘鲁的火山和自己的徒步目标对比，说明自己的目标相对而言没有那么宏大、不一般，是较为普通的，故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Take our cover story, by Mary Bryant Shrader. Her plan was to become a hard - charging corporate lawyer. Now she's a YouTube cooking star and prepper, teaching people traditional ways of keeping a kitchen. Little did she know how that philosophy would influence her faith in a moment of crisis. In her story, Night and Day, all Jessica Reed desired for was to be normal. Yet was her idea of ‘normal' God's idea "来看看我们的封面故事，作者是Mary Bryant Shrader。她原本的计划是成为一名积极进取的企业律师。如今，她成了一名 YouTube 烹饪明星兼生存达人，向人们传授保持厨房传统的方法。她万万没想到，在危机时刻，这种理念会对她的信仰产生影响。在她的故事《日与夜》中，Jessica Reed一心只想过上平凡的生活。然而，她所认为的"平凡"，真的是上帝眼中的"平凡"吗？可知，Lynne Hartke原本计划爬秘鲁的火山，但可能因各种情况改变了想法；Mary Bryant Shrader原本计划成为公司律师，后来成了YouTube烹饪明星；Jessica Reed原本渴望"平凡"，但她的"平凡"观念可能与上帝的想法不同，意味着她也有个人目标或想法的转变。这三个人都改变了自己原本的个人目标或想法。故选B。
7．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文通过作者自己在徒步时在岔路口的选择，联想到Lynne Hartke、Mary Bryant Shrader、Jessica Reed等人的故事，这些人都在人生中经历了计划与现实的差异，最后作者决定改变原计划去看海狸；再结合最后一段中的"In my life, I've learned that the path laid out before me was not the one I thought I would follow. And yet it has brought great fortune."在我的生活中，我明白了摆在我面前的道路并不是我想象中的那条。然而，它却给我带来了巨大的财富。可推断出作者写这篇文章是为了鼓励人们在面对人生的变化时要灵活思考，不要固执地坚持原计划。故选C。
【答案】8．D
9．B
10．B
11．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家通过在阿拉斯加发现的新研究，推测人类与现代狗的祖先之间的紧密联系始于 12000 年前，这一发现意义重大，但科学家也表示目前确定这是人类与狗最早的关系还为时过早，因为尚不清楚如何定义"狗"，且这些生物可能因年代过于久远而与现代狗没有基因联系。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的"The research suggests that the strong bond between humans and the ancestors of today's dogs began 12,000 years ago."研究表明，人类和今天狗的祖先之间的紧密联系始于12000年前。可知，本文讲的是人类和狗在12000年前就建立了亲密的关系，"人类和狗在12000年前就建立了亲密的关系"，概括了文章的主旨，故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段"People interested in the origins of the Americas want to know if the first humans arrived with dogs. Until we find these animals in old digging sites, we can only guess—it's hard to confirm. This discovery is very significant."对美洲起源感兴趣的人想知道第一批人类是否带着狗来到这里。在我们在旧的挖掘地点找到这些动物之前，我们只能猜测——很难确认。这一发现意义重大。可知，这一发现为早期人类与狗的互动提供了线索。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的"In a 2018 archaeological study, the same team found a lower leg bone from an adult dog-like animal at a site in Alaska. Carbon dating showed the animal lived 12,000 years ago, near the end of the Ice Age."在2018年的一项考古研究中，同一研究团队在阿拉斯加的一个遗址发现了一具成年类狗动物的小腿骨。碳同位素测年法显示，该动物生活在12,000年前，接近冰河时代末期。可知，在2018年的研究中，骨头的年龄是通过碳同位素测年法确定的。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"A key question remains: ‘What defines a dog ' said Dr. Ben Potter, a co-author of the study and an archaeologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks."一个关键问题仍然存在："如何定义狗？"该研究的合著者、阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校的考古学家Ben Potter博士说道。可知，研究小组对最早的人狗关系不确定是因为对"狗"定义的困惑。故选C。
【答案】12．D
13．A
14．C
15．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过阐述德国哲学家Arthur Schopenhauer提出的"刺猬困境"这一隐喻，指出其关于人际关系的悲观建议，即保持距离；接着通过科学研究说明良好人际关系对健康的重要性，表明Arthur Schopenhauer的建议存在问题；随后探讨了人们在受伤后常出现的防御行为及其成因，同时指出人们可以改变，通过治疗和相互理解改善关系；最后强调"刺猬困境"反映出人类对亲密关系的深层需求，人类应谨慎地放下防备，享受关系中的温暖与安全。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段"The ‘hedgehog (刺猬) dilemma' is a famous metaphor from German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. In his 1851 book, he described how humans struggle with relationships through a story about hedgehogs. His advice was simple: keep your distance." "刺猬困境"是德国哲学家叔本华的一个著名比喻。在他1851年出版的书中，他通过一个关于刺猬的故事描述了人类如何在人际关系中挣扎。他的建议很简单：保持距离。可知第一段提到"刺猬困境"这一著名隐喻，接着阐述其在现实生活人际关系中的体现，如亲密关系中的伤害等 。所以作者提及"刺猬困境" 是为了引出关于人际关系这一主题。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"His advice was simple: keep your distance."他的建议很简单：保持距离。可知Arthur Schopenhauer对于"刺猬困境"的核心解决办法是保持距离，也就是避免亲密。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"His advice was simple: keep your distance." 他的建议很简单：保持距离。提到Arthur Schopenhauer建议保持距离；以及 第四段中的"A study in PLOS Medicine reviewing 148 studies with over 300,000 people found those with strong social connections live 50% longer." 一项在《公共科学图书馆 医学》上的研究，回顾了 148 项涉及 30 多万人的研究，发现有强大社交关系的人寿命长 50%。这表明社交关系对人有益，与Arthur Schopenhauer的建议相悖。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的"However, Sanders warns that defenses shouldn't be removed suddenly — it's like taking down a wall brick by brick." 然而，Sanders警告说，防御不应该突然拆除，就像一砖一瓦地拆墙一样。可知，Sanders认为人们在建立亲密关系时，不应突然去除防御，要像一砖一瓦拆除墙一样循序渐进。故选D。
【答案】16．D；17．C；18．F；19．A；20．G
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了共享图书馆的概念及其重要性，强调其通过提供物品共享服务，既减少环境影响又减轻经济负担，促进社区平等，并鼓励人们在需要物品时考虑借用而非购买，以支持环保和个人财务健康。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"And with environmental and economic concerns on our minds, wouldn't it make sense if we could share things between us a bit more "考虑到我们对环境和经济的担忧，如果我们能更多地分享一些东西，这不是很有意义吗？提出"在考虑环境和经济问题的情况下，我们多共享物品是否有意义"的疑问；以及空后"Sharing libraries offer useful items to local people, who are able to borrow and return them, free of charge or for a very low fee."共享图书馆为当地人提供有用的资料，他们可以免费或以极低的费用借阅和归还)"紧接着介绍了共享图书馆的运作模式，即向当地人提供物品，可免费或低价借用和归还。 D. This is the fundamental idea behind sharing libraries. "这就是共享图书馆背后的基本理念"，承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
17．根据空后"For families, financial barriers can mean that things like toys or comfortable clothing can be knocked down the priorities list. But these libraries create a sense of equality in the community, meaning that individuals don't need to go without."对于家庭来说，经济障碍可能使玩具或舒适衣物等物品的优先级降低，但这些图书馆在社区中营造了平等感，让人们不会缺少这些东西。强调了共享图书馆能让人们更方便地获取所需物品。 C. At the core of sharing libraries is greater access. "共享图书馆的核心是让人们更容易获取物品"准确概括了后文共享图书馆促进社区平等、让人们能获取物品的核心内容。故选C。
18．根据空前"There are several ways to find out where your closest sharing library is."有几种方法可以找到最近的共享图书馆在哪里。可推知，此处是关于如何查找共享图书馆，F. Start by checking the UK Sharing Libraries Network website."先查看英国共享图书馆网络网站"承接上文，符合语境。故选F。
19．根据空前"But if your area isn't listed by those sites, don't give up hope. Some communities will set up smaller, informal versions of these libraries — for example, street WhatsApp groups where people ask if anyone on the road has the thing they're looking to borrow, or local pass-it-on groups."但是，如果你所在的地区没有被这些网站列出，不要放弃希望。一些社区将建立这些图书馆的小型非正式版本——例如，街头WhatsApp群，人们可以在那里询问路上是否有人有他们想借的东西，或者当地的传递小组。提到如果所在地区未在相关网站列出，不要放弃希望，还举例说明了一些社区有小型、非正式的共享图书馆形式；以及空后"Attend the Network's online workshops to learn more about sharing libraries and how to set one up for themselves."参加网络的在线研讨会，了解更多关于共享图书馆的知识，以及如何为自己建立一个图书馆。学习如何自己建立共享图书馆的内容。A. Still no luck "还是没找到吗？"，承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
20．根据空前"So, next time you find yourself in need of something handy, consider looking for a way to borrow it."所以，下次当你发现自己需要手边的东西时，考虑一下想办法借。鼓励人们下次需要物品时考虑从共享图书馆借用。G. It'll be easy on the planet, easy on your pocket, and great for the community."这对地球有益，对你的钱包友好，对社区也有好处"，全面总结了从共享图书馆借用物品的好处，与上文鼓励借用的内容相呼应。故选G。
【答案】21．B；22．A；23．C；24．B；25．D；26．D；27．A；28．C；29．A；30．D；31．B；32．B；33．C；34．C；35．A
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者在澳大利亚进行荒野骑行探险时迷路，经历缺水、疲惫等困境，最终意外找到水源地（水坝）的经历，并从中获得了在澳大利亚生活的初步教训，即面对困境要保持冷静、不放弃，同时凸显了野外探险的挑战性与不确定性。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：有一天，我在澳大利亚定居后，无意中听说了一条穿过丛林的自行车道。A：traveling"旅行"；B：settling"定居"；C：hiking"徒步旅行"；D：surviving"生存"。根据下文"I researched the trail and became 2 about riding it during the summer holidays"我研究了这条路线，对在暑假骑行它感到兴奋。可知，作者打算在澳大利亚的暑假期间骑行这条路线，说明其并非只是短暂旅行或徒步，而是已经在澳大利亚有相对稳定的生活状态，即定居。故选B。
22．句意：我研究了这条路线，对在暑假骑行它感到兴奋。A：excited"兴奋的"；B：concerned"关心的"；C：determined"有决心的"；D：puzzled"困惑的"。根据上文"I always enjoyed wilderness adventures in Africa"我一直都很喜欢在非洲进行野外探险。表明作者一直喜欢荒野冒险，所以当发现澳大利亚有这样一条穿过丛林的自行车道时，会对骑行它感到兴奋。故选A。
23．句意：这条路线还很新，沿途的手机信号很差。A：symbol"象征"；B：battery"电池"；C：signal"信号"；D：package"包裹"。根据空前"The trail was still new and mobile phone"可推知，因为路线还很新，所以沿途手机信号差。故选C。
24．句意：天气很热，我经常喝水，到达第一站后我做的第一件事就是查看雨水箱。A：rarely"很少地"；B：regularly"经常地"；C：instantly"立刻"；D：cautiously"谨慎地"。根据空前"It was very hot"可知，天气炎热会使人水分流失快，所以需要经常喝水来补充水分。故选B。
25．句意：天气很热，我经常喝水，到达第一站后我做的第一件事就是查看雨水箱。A：supply"供应"；B：fix"修理"；C：view"看"；D：check"检查，查看"。根据上文"It was very hot"天气很热，；以及"I drank water 4 "，说明天气炎热，作者对水有大量需求，所以到达第一站后首先要做的是查看雨水箱里是否有水。故选D。
26．句意：我松了一口气，发现里面有水。A：astonished"惊讶的"；B：disappointed"失望的"；C：frustrated"沮丧的"；D：relieved"宽慰的，松了一口气的"。根据上文，表明天气炎热且自己经常喝水，对水有迫切需求；以及空后"find that it had water"可知，当查看雨水箱发现里面有水时，缺水的担忧消除，会松一口气。故选D。
27．句意：第二天，路线标记变得很难找到。A：markers"标记"；B：arrows"箭头"；C：destinations "目的地"；D：details"细节"。根据下文"I realized that I was quite lost"我意识到自己完全迷失了方向。可知，作者迷路了，推测是因为路线标记难找，导致无法准确沿着路线骑行。故选A。
28．句意：到中午时，炎热变得难以忍受。A：path"路径"；B：adventure"冒险"；C：heat"炎热"；D：cycling"骑行"。根据上文"It was very hot"以及作者因为炎热经常喝水等描述，可知到中午时，炎热的程度加剧，变得让人难以忍受。故选C。
29．句意：当我意识到自己迷路时，我越来越不安。A：uneasy"不安的"；B：unconfident"不自信的"；C：uncomfortable"不舒服的"；D：uncertain"不确定的"。根据空后"I realized that I was quite lost"可知，在荒野中迷路，人会因为处境危险等因素而感到不安。故选A。
30．句意：我停下来考虑我的选择。A：opportunities"机会"；B：strategies"策略"；C：schedules"日程安排"；D：options"选择"。根据常识和上文"I realized that I was quite lost"可知，迷路后，需要停下来思考接下来可以采取的办法，也就是自己的选择。故选D。
31．句意：原来的计划是在一个旅游公园过夜，但我不知道自己在哪里。A：formal"正式的"；B：original"原来的"；C：senior"高级的"；D：organized"有组织的"。根据上文描述作者原本的行程安排以及空后"but I had no idea where I was"可知，作者现在因为迷路无法按照原本的计划在旅游公园过夜了，强调这是原来的计划。故选B。
32．句意：两小时后，我很高兴看到看起来很新的自行车道痕迹。A：deep"深的"；B：recent"最近的，新的"；C：precious"珍贵的"；D：unique"独特的"。根据常识和空前"I was delighted to see cycle tracks"可知，发现看起来很新的自行车道痕迹意味着有其他人刚从这里经过，所以作者才会感到高兴。故选B。
33．句意：一阵突然的风使我清醒过来。A：challenged"挑战"；B：circled"环绕"；C：stirred"使清醒，使激动"；D：struck"打击"。根据上文"I had no more water, and was sleepy"我没有水了，而且很困。可知，作者又累又困，突然的风起到了使他清醒的作用。故选C。
34．句意：我强迫自己站起来，朝着声音传来的方向走去。A：set up"建立"；B：signed up"报名"；C：forced up"强迫自己起来"；D：dressed up"打扮"。根据上文"I was sleepy"以及作者身处困境但仍要寻找出路，可知是强迫自己克服困倦站起来。故选C。
35．句意：我在澳大利亚生活的第一课已经传授给我了。A：delivered"传递，传授"；B：packed"打包"；C：improved"提高"；D：recommended"推荐"。根据上文作者经历了炎热、迷路、缺水等一系列状况，这些经历就像一堂课一样传递给了作者在澳大利亚生活的经验。故选A。
【答案】36．competing；37．The；38．as；39．those；40．challenges；41．and；42．serves；43．developers；44．secured；45．filled
【知识点】新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍在北京经济技术开发区举办的世界首场人形机器人半程马拉松赛事，强调该赛事为不同水平的机器人提供了兼具挑战性与可行性的竞技平台，通过融合人工智能自主性与人类监督，测试机器人在复杂户外环境中的应对能力，同时促进技术交流与创新，展现了中国在机器人技术领域的突破与进步。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，冠词，介词，代词，名词，连词，时态，主谓一致以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：在北京市东南部的北京经济技术开发区（BDA）举行的世界首个类人机器人半程马拉松中，有机器参赛者参与竞争。compete"竞争，比赛"，动词。此处应用非谓语动词作定语，与competitors在逻辑上是主谓关系，应用现在分词，故填competing。
37．句意：这些硅基参赛者很快将与人类参赛者在同一条实体路线上竞争，不过是在不同的赛道上。此处特指上文提到的"machine competitors"，用定冠词the，位于句首，首字母大写。故填The。
38．句意："可以把它看作是机器人的汽车拉力赛，"北京经济技术开发区管委会副主任梁亮说。think of...as...，固定短语，"把……看作……"，故填as。
39．句意：梁指出，类人机器人半程马拉松的规则与汽车拉力赛的规则非常相似。此处作介词like的宾语，且无提示词，所以此处使用代词，结合句意，此处为同类异物特指，应用that/those，上文rules为复数，所以用代词those。故填those。
40．句意：各团队将人工智能自主性与人类监督相结合，应对着机器以前从未遇到过的挑战：不平的人行道、通信中断以及户外环境的不可预测性。challenge"挑战"，可数名词，根据后文列举的内容可知，此处应用其复数形式，故填challenges。
41．句意：各团队将人工智能自主性与人类监督相结合，应对着机器以前从未遇到过的挑战：不平的人行道、通信中断以及户外环境的不可预测性。此处连接uneven pavements, communication drops和the unpredictability of the outdoors三个并列名词短语，用连词and。故填and。
42．句意：梁说："这项赛事不仅是一个测试和展示平台，更重要的是，它是一个供开发者、爱好者和企业交流思想的空间。"serve as 动词短语，"作为"，是谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The event是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用serves。故填serves。
43．句意：梁说："这项赛事不仅是一个测试和展示平台，更重要的是，它是一个供开发者、爱好者和企业交流思想的空间。"develop"发展"，动词。此处应用名词作宾语，结合句意"开发者"可知，应用developer可数名词，再结合"enthusiasts and companies"可知，此处应用复数形式developers，与后文构成并列关系。故填developers。
44．句意：Noetix的N2机器人获得第二名，而上海公司DroidUp设计的一款机器人获得了第三名。secure"获得"，是谓语动词，与上文的谓语动词"crossed"以及"came"并列，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，故填secured。
45．句意：主办方的座右铭"参与即是胜利，完赛即是荣耀"，不正是充满了阿克瓦里的故事吗？fill"充满"，动词。be filled with固定短语，"充满"，过去分词filled与isn't构成一般现在时的被动语态的否定形式。故填filled。
46．【答案】 How to Tell Stories of China in English as a Group
Good morning, everyone! Today I'd like to share my ideas about our group project "Tell Stories of China in English". While Many groups encounter challenges, teamwork can make it achievable!
In my opinion, this English project will offer us a good chance to have a better understanding of our countries' traditions and cultures. As we know, traditions and cultures cover a wide range of elements. What tops the priority is to choose a suitable topic for your project. Besides, the project involves tasks varying from researching to scripting and doing PPT as well as giving a presentation. Each member in the group should be assigned tasks according to their interests and talents.
Remember, creativity matters more than perfection! Let's embrace our culture and learn together. Thanks for your listening!
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份针对解决问题的方案在课堂上进行英语演讲。写作背景：近期你班正在小组合作完成一个英语项目活动(Project)"Tell Stories of China in English"并在班级进行分享，很多小组觉得难以开展。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1. 陈述看法；2.提出建议。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： Today I'd like to share my ideas about our group project "Tell Stories of China in English".运用了不定式作宾语； While Many groups encounter challenges, teamwork can make it achievable!运用了让步状语从句；
In my opinion, this English project will offer us a good chance to have a better understanding of our countries' traditions and cultures. 运用了不定式作后置定语；As we know, traditions and cultures cover a wide range of elements. 运用了非限制性定语从句；What tops the priority is to choose a suitable topic for your project. 运用了主语从句；Each member in the group should be assigned tasks according to their interests and talents.运用了被动语态；Let's embrace our culture and learn together. 运用了祈使句，省略to的不定式作宾补。
47．【答案】Little Ava is there, and she's crying, too. "Don't look at me! I look silly." she yells, wiping her tears. "I don't want to be the fairy — I want to be fierce, like the giant!" she confesses. Her voice trembles and I realize she is as upset as I am. "I don't want to be big. Too bad we can't trade." I murmur. Before I can continue, she suddenly looks up at me like an evil fairy, her eyes flashing with an idea. "Maybe we can." I exchange a glance with her. Yes, we two Avas could balance! The next day, We are in the backstage. Everyone in school is in the audience.
"Ready to exchange " asks Little Ava. I nod eagerly, and we scramble to swap costumes. She drowns in the giant's robe, but when I smear black makeup around her eyes, she grins wickedly. "Perfect," she whispers. "Now I'm the monster." Little Ava stomps onto the stage, her tiny frame hidden under the robe, and delivers "ARRGH" so fierce that the front-row kids gasp. Meanwhile, I float in my fairy costume, taller than everyone but finally unafraid. After the play, Ms. Wu holds our hands while everyone cheers. "Big and Little Ava power!" I whisper to her. I've never felt bigger, and that's definitely good.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，本文讲述了作者因为身材高大而感到困扰，在班级戏剧中被分配到扮演巨人的角色，这让她更加沮丧。然而，在排练过程中，她遇到了同样对角色不满的小艾娃。两人通过交流，发现彼此都想尝试对方的角色，最终决定交换。交换角色后，小艾娃成功演绎了凶猛的巨人，而作者也克服了恐惧，自信地扮演了仙女。这次经历让作者意识到，无论大小，每个人都有自己的力量和价值。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"小艾娃也在那里，她也在哭。"可知，第一段可描写两人互相倾诉对角色不满，并萌生交换角色的想法。②由第二段首句内容"‘准备好交换了吗？'小艾娃问。"可知，第二段可描写两人成功交换角色，并出色完成表演，最终获得大家认可的过程。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】续写部分紧扣原文主题，通过"大小Ava"互换角色的巧妙构思，生动展现了孩子面对困境时的智慧与勇气。情节设计既在意料之外又在情理之中——当两人因角色分配陷入低谷时，身高差异反而成为解决问题的关键，呼应了前文"平衡"的叙事线索。文中有一些好的词句，例如：Her voice trembles and I realize she is as upset as I am. 运用了省略连接词that的宾语从句； After the play, Ms. Wu holds our hands while everyone cheers. 运用了while引导的时间状语从句。
1 / 1湖北省武汉市江汉区2024-2025学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题
一、阅读理解A
（2025高一下·江汉期末）The National GalleryDiscover the collection
The National Gallery displays one of the finest and most comprehensive collections of European painting. It includes many famous works, such as Van Eyck's Arnolfini Portrait, Velazquez's Rokeby Venus, Turner's Fighting Temeraire and Van Gogh's Sunflowers. All major traditions of Western European painting are represented from the artists of late medieval and Renaissance Italy to the French Impressionists.
This plan will help you to explore the collection. You may wish to start by finding one of the famous paintings illustrated overleaf. You can also plan your route using the ArtStart touch-screen guides. Free guided tours and a variety of audio guides are available.
For further information, ask at Information Desks or pick up the What's On and Book Now guides for full details of talks, tours and family events.
A public collection
The paintings in the National Gallery belong to the public and entrance to see them is free. The Gallery was founded in 1824, but it did not acquire its current home, designed by William Wilkins, until 1838. The site in Trafalgar Square was chosen for its central location, accessible to both the rich of West London and the poorer communities of the East End. The building has been extended and improved over the years, most notably in 1991 with the opening of the Sainsbury Wing, designed by Venturi, Scott Brown & Associates. The Gallery continues to ensure that the widest possible public can enjoy the paintings.
If you do not wish to keep this plan, please return it to an Information Desk for recycling.
1．How can visitors find the illustrated painting Sunflowers
A．Ask for an audio guide.
B．Read Book Now guides.
C．Search it on the back of the plan.
D．Use the ArtStart touch-screen guides.
2．What can be learned about the National Gallery building
A．It has been expanded over time.
B．It was designed by Venturi alone.
C．Wilkins designed the Sainsbury Wing.
D．Its current form was completed in 1824.
3．Where is the text most likely from
A．A personal diary. B．A travel website.
C．A science magazine. D．A museum leaflet.
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍英国国家美术馆（The National Gallery），包括其展出的欧洲绘画精品收藏、探索收藏的指南、免费开放的公共属性、发展历程以及鼓励读者归还游览指南以进行回收等内容。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"You may wish to start by finding one of the famous paintings illustrated overleaf." 你可能希望从反面插图的一幅名画开始。说明可以在计划的背面找到有图示的著名画作，《向日葵》是著名画作之一。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据A public collection 部分中的"The building has been extended and improved over the years, most notably in 1991 with the opening of the Sainsbury Wing, designed by Venturi, Scott Brown & Associates." 多年来，该建筑一直在扩建和改进，最引人注目的是1991年由文丘里，斯科特布朗和联合设计的塞恩斯伯里翼的开放。可知，关于国家美术馆可以了解到随着时间的推移，它已经扩大了。故选A。
3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了国家美术馆的藏品、参观方式、建筑历史等信息，整体是关于美术馆的介绍，所以最有可能来自博物馆的传单。故选D。
二、B
（2025高一下·江汉期末）Not long before writing this note, I set out with Gracie to hike a favorite trail, which is how I found myself out of breath up a steep Berkshires hillside in late-winter snow. The trail hadn't been broken, and there was a wild wind. I paused at a fork. One way led to the highest point in the preserve, our goal for the day, and the other descended, wrapped around the cliff and back to the parking area. A longer but easier trail that passed by an impressive beaver dam we always loved to see. Gracie sat, her wagging tail making a one-winged snow angel.
I thought of cancer survivor Lynne Hartke's brave story in this issue, about struggle to reach the top of El Minsti, a dormant volcano in Peru, and the lesson she learned. Like Lynne, I hate to give up before reaching a goal, even if mine was more modest. Yet maybe, like Lynne, I should recognize that my plan is not always God's plan, not today at least, and maybe not on any given day.
We don't pick stories for an issue around a certain theme. Still, a theme sometimes suggests itself as the pieces develop. Take our cover story, by Mary Bryant Shrader. Her plan was to become a hard-charging corporate lawyer. Now she's a You Tube cooking star and prepper, teaching people traditional ways of keeping a kitchen. Little did she know how that philosophy would influence her faith in a moment of crisis. In her story, Night and Day, all Jessica Reed desired for was to be normal. Yet was her idea of "normal" God's idea Take a cross-country ride with Jim Hinch and son in The Two Dudes, and witness how the best-laid plans of a father can take a different turn.
In my life, I've learned that the path laid out before me was not the one I thought I would follow. And yet it has brought great fortune. Even on a late-winter day on a snowy hillside trail. "Come on, Gracie," I said. "Let's go see the beavers."
4．How did the author feel when pausing at the fork
A．Confident. B．Hesitant. C．Determined. D．Impatient.
5．Which of the following can replace the underlined word "modest" in paragraph 2
A．Ordinary. B．Challenging. C．Expensive. D．Hidden.
6．What is common among Lynne Hartke, Mary Shrader, and Jessica Reed
A．They failed in career. B．They shifted personal goals.
C．They broke former plans. D．They found faith through nature.
7．Why does the author write this passage
A．To criticize strict planning. B．To promote religious beliefs.
C．To encourage flexible thinking. D．To describe a hiking adventure.
【答案】4．B
5．A
6．B
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者自身徒步经历、他人故事（如癌症幸存者、YouTube烹饪明星、父子旅行等），传达一个核心观点：人生之路往往与预设目标不同，但接纳变化、顺应未知可能带来意想不到的收获与成长。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"Like Lynne, I hate to give up before reaching a goal, even if mine was more modest. Yet maybe, like Lynne, I should recognize that my plan is not always God's plan, not today at least, and maybe not on any given day."像Lynne一样，我也不喜欢在达到目标之前就放弃，即使我的目标更modest。然而，也许和Lynne一样，我应该认识到，我的计划并不总是上帝的计划，至少今天不是，也许在任何一天都不是。可知，作者提到自己和Lynne一样不喜欢在达到目标前放弃，但又在思考也许自己的计划并不总是对的，可推知作者在岔路口时内心是犹豫的，不确定该选择哪条路，故选B。
5．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的"Like Lynne, I hate to give up before reaching a goal, even if miCne was more modest. Yet maybe, like Lynne, I should recognize that my plan is not always God's plan, not today at least, and maybe not on any given day. "像Lynne一样，我也不喜欢在达到目标之前就放弃，即使我的目标更modest。然而，也许和Lynne一样，我应该认识到，我的计划并不总是上帝的计划，至少今天不是，也许在任何一天都不是。可知，作者将Lynne爬秘鲁的火山和自己的徒步目标对比，说明自己的目标相对而言没有那么宏大、不一般，是较为普通的，故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Take our cover story, by Mary Bryant Shrader. Her plan was to become a hard - charging corporate lawyer. Now she's a YouTube cooking star and prepper, teaching people traditional ways of keeping a kitchen. Little did she know how that philosophy would influence her faith in a moment of crisis. In her story, Night and Day, all Jessica Reed desired for was to be normal. Yet was her idea of ‘normal' God's idea "来看看我们的封面故事，作者是Mary Bryant Shrader。她原本的计划是成为一名积极进取的企业律师。如今，她成了一名 YouTube 烹饪明星兼生存达人，向人们传授保持厨房传统的方法。她万万没想到，在危机时刻，这种理念会对她的信仰产生影响。在她的故事《日与夜》中，Jessica Reed一心只想过上平凡的生活。然而，她所认为的"平凡"，真的是上帝眼中的"平凡"吗？可知，Lynne Hartke原本计划爬秘鲁的火山，但可能因各种情况改变了想法；Mary Bryant Shrader原本计划成为公司律师，后来成了YouTube烹饪明星；Jessica Reed原本渴望"平凡"，但她的"平凡"观念可能与上帝的想法不同，意味着她也有个人目标或想法的转变。这三个人都改变了自己原本的个人目标或想法。故选B。
7．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文通过作者自己在徒步时在岔路口的选择，联想到Lynne Hartke、Mary Bryant Shrader、Jessica Reed等人的故事，这些人都在人生中经历了计划与现实的差异，最后作者决定改变原计划去看海狸；再结合最后一段中的"In my life, I've learned that the path laid out before me was not the one I thought I would follow. And yet it has brought great fortune."在我的生活中，我明白了摆在我面前的道路并不是我想象中的那条。然而，它却给我带来了巨大的财富。可推断出作者写这篇文章是为了鼓励人们在面对人生的变化时要灵活思考，不要固执地坚持原计划。故选C。
三、C
（2025高一下·江汉期末）Dogs have been close four-legged friends of humans for as long as we can remember, but exactly how long has this relationship lasted Scientists may finally have an answer, thanks to a new study on ancient human remains found in Alaska. The research suggests that the strong bond between humans and the ancestors of today's dogs began 12,000 years ago.
"We now have proof that dogs and humans had close connections earlier than we thought in the Americas," said the study's lead author, Francois Lanoe, an assistant researcher at the University of Arizona's School of Anthropology.
"People interested in the origins of the Americas want to know if the first humans arrived with dogs. Until we find these animals in old digging sites, we can only guess — it's hard to confirm. This discovery is very significant."
In a 2018 archaeological study, the same team found a lower leg bone from an adult dog-like animal at a site in Alaska. Carbon dating showed the animal lived 12,000 years ago, near the end of the Ice Age. More recently, in June 2023, the team dug up an 8,100-year-old jawbone from a similar animal at a nearby site.
For the new study, scientists performed chemical tests on these bones. They found salmon proteins, suggesting these animals ate fish regularly. This was unusual because dog-like animals at the time only hunted land animals, showing human influence.
While the team believes this is the earliest known relationship between humans and dogs, they say it's too soon to be certain. A key question remains: "What defines a dog " said Dr. Ben Potter, a co-author of the study and an archaeologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Though these creatures acted and looked like dogs, they might be too ancient to be genetically connected to modern dogs we know today.
8．What is the main idea of the passage
A．A new study proves dogs originated in Alaska.
B．Ancient dogs survived the Ice Age by eating fish.
C．Scientists discovered the oldest human remains in America.
D．Humans and dogs developed a close bond 12,000 years ago.
9．What can we infer about the significance of the discovery
A．It confirms dogs arrived in America before humans.
B．It provides clues about early human-dog interactions.
C．It solves the mystery of modern dog genetics.
D．It disproves previous theories about the Ice Age.
10．How was the age of the bone determined in the 2018 study
A．Genetic testing. B．Carbon dating.
C．Protein analysis. D．Site comparison.
11．Why is the team uncertain about the earliest human-dog relationship
A．Weak genetic connection.
B．Lack of multiple bone samples.
C．Confusion over defining "dog".
D．Inconclusive salmon protein results.
【答案】8．D
9．B
10．B
11．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家通过在阿拉斯加发现的新研究，推测人类与现代狗的祖先之间的紧密联系始于 12000 年前，这一发现意义重大，但科学家也表示目前确定这是人类与狗最早的关系还为时过早，因为尚不清楚如何定义"狗"，且这些生物可能因年代过于久远而与现代狗没有基因联系。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的"The research suggests that the strong bond between humans and the ancestors of today's dogs began 12,000 years ago."研究表明，人类和今天狗的祖先之间的紧密联系始于12000年前。可知，本文讲的是人类和狗在12000年前就建立了亲密的关系，"人类和狗在12000年前就建立了亲密的关系"，概括了文章的主旨，故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段"People interested in the origins of the Americas want to know if the first humans arrived with dogs. Until we find these animals in old digging sites, we can only guess—it's hard to confirm. This discovery is very significant."对美洲起源感兴趣的人想知道第一批人类是否带着狗来到这里。在我们在旧的挖掘地点找到这些动物之前，我们只能猜测——很难确认。这一发现意义重大。可知，这一发现为早期人类与狗的互动提供了线索。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的"In a 2018 archaeological study, the same team found a lower leg bone from an adult dog-like animal at a site in Alaska. Carbon dating showed the animal lived 12,000 years ago, near the end of the Ice Age."在2018年的一项考古研究中，同一研究团队在阿拉斯加的一个遗址发现了一具成年类狗动物的小腿骨。碳同位素测年法显示，该动物生活在12,000年前，接近冰河时代末期。可知，在2018年的研究中，骨头的年龄是通过碳同位素测年法确定的。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"A key question remains: ‘What defines a dog ' said Dr. Ben Potter, a co-author of the study and an archaeologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks."一个关键问题仍然存在："如何定义狗？"该研究的合著者、阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校的考古学家Ben Potter博士说道。可知，研究小组对最早的人狗关系不确定是因为对"狗"定义的困惑。故选C。
四、D
（2025高一下·江汉期末）The "hedgehog (刺猬) dilemma" is a famous metaphor from German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. In his 1851 book, he described how humans struggle with relationships through a story about hedgehogs. His advice was simple: keep your distance.
This sad story became widely discussed. Sigmund Freud and modern scientists studied this idea. In 2015, an award-winning short film called Henry retold this story.
How does this apply to real life Most people remember being hurt by close relationships – broken friendships, family conflicts, or romantic betrayals. Since these connections matter deeply, their damage hurts more. Should we stop trusting others Schopenhauer said yes, but science would say otherwise.
A study in PLOS Medicine reviewing 148 studies with over 300,000 people found those with strong social connections live 50% longer. The National Institute on Aging warns that loneliness harms health as much as smoking 15 cigarettes daily — making Schopenhauer's advice concerning.
When hurt repeatedly, people often fall into defense mode. Relationship expert Hilary Sanders explains common defense behaviors: going silent during arguments, seeing normal comments as criticism, or overreacting to small issues. These reactions often start in childhood. If parents often criticized or classmates bullied someone, they might develop habits like pretending not to care or getting angry easily. While these helped survive childhood pain, they cause problems in adult relationships when used unconsciously.
The good news is people can change. Through therapy, many learn to recognize their defense patterns and understand their origins. Couples can improve relationships by learning each other's emotional triggers and responding thoughtfully instead of arguing. However, Sanders warns that defenses shouldn't be removed suddenly — it's like taking down a wall brick by brick.
Although Schopenhauer focused on the pain of closeness, the hedgehog story actually shows our deep need for connection. Unlike real hedgehogs, humans aren't born with physical spines. By carefully lowering our defenses around trustworthy people, we might truly enjoy both warmth and safety in relationships.
12．Why does the author mention the hedgehog dilemma in paragraph 1
A．To emphasize its importance.
B．To support Schopenhauer's advice.
C．To recommend Schopenhauer's book.
D．To introduce the theme of relationship.
13．What is Schopenhauer's core solution to the "hedgehog dilemma"
A．Avoid closeness. B．Seek therapy.
C．Ignore pain. D．Build walls.
14．What major evidence goes against Schopenhauer's advice
A．Defense behavior of people. B．Freud's studies.
C．Longevity from social ties. D．Henry's short film.
15．What does Sanders say about close connection
A．Couples should learn to defend it thoughtfully.
B．Humans can benefit from it unconsciously.
C．It can help children relieve childhood pain.
D．People should make gradual progress in it.
【答案】12．D
13．A
14．C
15．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过阐述德国哲学家Arthur Schopenhauer提出的"刺猬困境"这一隐喻，指出其关于人际关系的悲观建议，即保持距离；接着通过科学研究说明良好人际关系对健康的重要性，表明Arthur Schopenhauer的建议存在问题；随后探讨了人们在受伤后常出现的防御行为及其成因，同时指出人们可以改变，通过治疗和相互理解改善关系；最后强调"刺猬困境"反映出人类对亲密关系的深层需求，人类应谨慎地放下防备，享受关系中的温暖与安全。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段"The ‘hedgehog (刺猬) dilemma' is a famous metaphor from German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. In his 1851 book, he described how humans struggle with relationships through a story about hedgehogs. His advice was simple: keep your distance." "刺猬困境"是德国哲学家叔本华的一个著名比喻。在他1851年出版的书中，他通过一个关于刺猬的故事描述了人类如何在人际关系中挣扎。他的建议很简单：保持距离。可知第一段提到"刺猬困境"这一著名隐喻，接着阐述其在现实生活人际关系中的体现，如亲密关系中的伤害等 。所以作者提及"刺猬困境" 是为了引出关于人际关系这一主题。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"His advice was simple: keep your distance."他的建议很简单：保持距离。可知Arthur Schopenhauer对于"刺猬困境"的核心解决办法是保持距离，也就是避免亲密。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"His advice was simple: keep your distance." 他的建议很简单：保持距离。提到Arthur Schopenhauer建议保持距离；以及 第四段中的"A study in PLOS Medicine reviewing 148 studies with over 300,000 people found those with strong social connections live 50% longer." 一项在《公共科学图书馆 医学》上的研究，回顾了 148 项涉及 30 多万人的研究，发现有强大社交关系的人寿命长 50%。这表明社交关系对人有益，与Arthur Schopenhauer的建议相悖。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的"However, Sanders warns that defenses shouldn't be removed suddenly — it's like taking down a wall brick by brick." 然而，Sanders警告说，防御不应该突然拆除，就像一砖一瓦地拆墙一样。可知，Sanders认为人们在建立亲密关系时，不应突然去除防御，要像一砖一瓦拆除墙一样循序渐进。故选D。
五、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2025高一下·江汉期末）One thing that most of us will agree on is that there is a lot of "stuff" in the world. And with environmental and economic concerns on our minds, wouldn't it make sense if we could share things between us a bit more 　16． 　 Sharing libraries offer useful items to local people, who are able to borrow and return them, free of charge or for a very low fee.
These collections tend to focus on common things that we all need, but which we don't use constantly. This saves on the environmental impact of producing the items by reducing the demand for new things.
　17． 　 For families, financial barriers can mean that things like toys or comfortable clothing can be knocked down the priorities list. But these libraries create a sense of equality in the community, meaning that individuals don't need to go without.
There are several ways to find out where your closest sharing library is.　18． 　 It maps 50 libraries across the UK. But if your area isn't listed by those sites, don't give up hope. Some communities will set up smaller, informal versions of these libraries — for example, street WhatsApp groups where people ask if anyone on the road has the thing they're looking to borrow, or local pass-it-on groups.　19． 　 Attend the Network's online workshops to learn more about sharing libraries and how to set one up for themselves.
In a world where we're encouraged to continue to collect more and more stuff, sharing libraries are taking a stand for the environment and for our personal finances. So, next time you find yourself in need of something handy, consider looking for a way to borrow it.　20． 　
A. Still no luck
B. If unlisted, search locally.
C. At the core of sharing libraries is greater access.
D. This is the fundamental idea behind sharing libraries.
E. This concept challenges traditional ownership models.
F. Start by checking the UK Sharing Libraries Network website.
G. It'll be easy on the planet, easy on your pocket, and great for the community.
【答案】16．D；17．C；18．F；19．A；20．G
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了共享图书馆的概念及其重要性，强调其通过提供物品共享服务，既减少环境影响又减轻经济负担，促进社区平等，并鼓励人们在需要物品时考虑借用而非购买，以支持环保和个人财务健康。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"And with environmental and economic concerns on our minds, wouldn't it make sense if we could share things between us a bit more "考虑到我们对环境和经济的担忧，如果我们能更多地分享一些东西，这不是很有意义吗？提出"在考虑环境和经济问题的情况下，我们多共享物品是否有意义"的疑问；以及空后"Sharing libraries offer useful items to local people, who are able to borrow and return them, free of charge or for a very low fee."共享图书馆为当地人提供有用的资料，他们可以免费或以极低的费用借阅和归还)"紧接着介绍了共享图书馆的运作模式，即向当地人提供物品，可免费或低价借用和归还。 D. This is the fundamental idea behind sharing libraries. "这就是共享图书馆背后的基本理念"，承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
17．根据空后"For families, financial barriers can mean that things like toys or comfortable clothing can be knocked down the priorities list. But these libraries create a sense of equality in the community, meaning that individuals don't need to go without."对于家庭来说，经济障碍可能使玩具或舒适衣物等物品的优先级降低，但这些图书馆在社区中营造了平等感，让人们不会缺少这些东西。强调了共享图书馆能让人们更方便地获取所需物品。 C. At the core of sharing libraries is greater access. "共享图书馆的核心是让人们更容易获取物品"准确概括了后文共享图书馆促进社区平等、让人们能获取物品的核心内容。故选C。
18．根据空前"There are several ways to find out where your closest sharing library is."有几种方法可以找到最近的共享图书馆在哪里。可推知，此处是关于如何查找共享图书馆，F. Start by checking the UK Sharing Libraries Network website."先查看英国共享图书馆网络网站"承接上文，符合语境。故选F。
19．根据空前"But if your area isn't listed by those sites, don't give up hope. Some communities will set up smaller, informal versions of these libraries — for example, street WhatsApp groups where people ask if anyone on the road has the thing they're looking to borrow, or local pass-it-on groups."但是，如果你所在的地区没有被这些网站列出，不要放弃希望。一些社区将建立这些图书馆的小型非正式版本——例如，街头WhatsApp群，人们可以在那里询问路上是否有人有他们想借的东西，或者当地的传递小组。提到如果所在地区未在相关网站列出，不要放弃希望，还举例说明了一些社区有小型、非正式的共享图书馆形式；以及空后"Attend the Network's online workshops to learn more about sharing libraries and how to set one up for themselves."参加网络的在线研讨会，了解更多关于共享图书馆的知识，以及如何为自己建立一个图书馆。学习如何自己建立共享图书馆的内容。A. Still no luck "还是没找到吗？"，承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
20．根据空前"So, next time you find yourself in need of something handy, consider looking for a way to borrow it."所以，下次当你发现自己需要手边的东西时，考虑一下想办法借。鼓励人们下次需要物品时考虑从共享图书馆借用。G. It'll be easy on the planet, easy on your pocket, and great for the community."这对地球有益，对你的钱包友好，对社区也有好处"，全面总结了从共享图书馆借用物品的好处，与上文鼓励借用的内容相呼应。故选G。
六、阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2025高一下·江汉期末）I always enjoyed wilderness adventures in Africa. One day, I overheard a cycling trail running through the bush after 21． in Australia. I researched the trail and became 22． about riding it during the summer holidays. The trail was still new and mobile phone 23． along the route was poor.
I started at Collie. It was very hot, and I drank water 24． and the first thing I did when I arrived at the first stop was 25． the rainwater tank. I was 26． to find that it had water.
The next day the trail 27． became difficult to find. By midday, the 28． had become unbearable. I was becoming increasingly 29． when I realized that I was quite lost. I stopped to consider my 30． . The 31． plan was to stay overnight at a tourist park, but I had no idea where I was. Tiredly, I got up, remounted my bike. After two hours, I was delighted to see cycle tracks that looked 32． . However, I soon realized that they were my own!
I had no more water, and was sleepy. A sudden wind 33． me. I heard the sound of a motor, but it disappeared. A while later I heard it again. I 34． myself and walked to where the sound was coming. There before me was the dam, with boats towing water skiers and people relaxing. My first lesson on living in Australia had been 35． .
21．A．traveling B．settling C．hiking D．surviving
22．A．excited B．concerned C．determined D．puzzled
23．A．symbol B．battery C．signal D．package
24．A．rarely B．regularly C．instantly D．cautiously
25．A．supply B．fix C．view D．check
26．A．astonished B．disappointed C．frustrated D．relieved
27．A．markers B．arrows C．destinations D．details
28．A．path B．adventure C．heat D．cycling
29．A．uneasy B．unconfident C．uncomfortable D．uncertain
30．A．opportunities B．strategies C．schedules D．options
31．A．formal B．original C．senior D．organized
32．A．deep B．recent C．precious D．unique
33．A．challenged B．circled C．stirred D．struck
34．A．set up B．signed up C．forced up D．dressed up
35．A．delivered B．packed C．improved D．recommended
【答案】21．B；22．A；23．C；24．B；25．D；26．D；27．A；28．C；29．A；30．D；31．B；32．B；33．C；34．C；35．A
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者在澳大利亚进行荒野骑行探险时迷路，经历缺水、疲惫等困境，最终意外找到水源地（水坝）的经历，并从中获得了在澳大利亚生活的初步教训，即面对困境要保持冷静、不放弃，同时凸显了野外探险的挑战性与不确定性。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：有一天，我在澳大利亚定居后，无意中听说了一条穿过丛林的自行车道。A：traveling"旅行"；B：settling"定居"；C：hiking"徒步旅行"；D：surviving"生存"。根据下文"I researched the trail and became 2 about riding it during the summer holidays"我研究了这条路线，对在暑假骑行它感到兴奋。可知，作者打算在澳大利亚的暑假期间骑行这条路线，说明其并非只是短暂旅行或徒步，而是已经在澳大利亚有相对稳定的生活状态，即定居。故选B。
22．句意：我研究了这条路线，对在暑假骑行它感到兴奋。A：excited"兴奋的"；B：concerned"关心的"；C：determined"有决心的"；D：puzzled"困惑的"。根据上文"I always enjoyed wilderness adventures in Africa"我一直都很喜欢在非洲进行野外探险。表明作者一直喜欢荒野冒险，所以当发现澳大利亚有这样一条穿过丛林的自行车道时，会对骑行它感到兴奋。故选A。
23．句意：这条路线还很新，沿途的手机信号很差。A：symbol"象征"；B：battery"电池"；C：signal"信号"；D：package"包裹"。根据空前"The trail was still new and mobile phone"可推知，因为路线还很新，所以沿途手机信号差。故选C。
24．句意：天气很热，我经常喝水，到达第一站后我做的第一件事就是查看雨水箱。A：rarely"很少地"；B：regularly"经常地"；C：instantly"立刻"；D：cautiously"谨慎地"。根据空前"It was very hot"可知，天气炎热会使人水分流失快，所以需要经常喝水来补充水分。故选B。
25．句意：天气很热，我经常喝水，到达第一站后我做的第一件事就是查看雨水箱。A：supply"供应"；B：fix"修理"；C：view"看"；D：check"检查，查看"。根据上文"It was very hot"天气很热，；以及"I drank water 4 "，说明天气炎热，作者对水有大量需求，所以到达第一站后首先要做的是查看雨水箱里是否有水。故选D。
26．句意：我松了一口气，发现里面有水。A：astonished"惊讶的"；B：disappointed"失望的"；C：frustrated"沮丧的"；D：relieved"宽慰的，松了一口气的"。根据上文，表明天气炎热且自己经常喝水，对水有迫切需求；以及空后"find that it had water"可知，当查看雨水箱发现里面有水时，缺水的担忧消除，会松一口气。故选D。
27．句意：第二天，路线标记变得很难找到。A：markers"标记"；B：arrows"箭头"；C：destinations "目的地"；D：details"细节"。根据下文"I realized that I was quite lost"我意识到自己完全迷失了方向。可知，作者迷路了，推测是因为路线标记难找，导致无法准确沿着路线骑行。故选A。
28．句意：到中午时，炎热变得难以忍受。A：path"路径"；B：adventure"冒险"；C：heat"炎热"；D：cycling"骑行"。根据上文"It was very hot"以及作者因为炎热经常喝水等描述，可知到中午时，炎热的程度加剧，变得让人难以忍受。故选C。
29．句意：当我意识到自己迷路时，我越来越不安。A：uneasy"不安的"；B：unconfident"不自信的"；C：uncomfortable"不舒服的"；D：uncertain"不确定的"。根据空后"I realized that I was quite lost"可知，在荒野中迷路，人会因为处境危险等因素而感到不安。故选A。
30．句意：我停下来考虑我的选择。A：opportunities"机会"；B：strategies"策略"；C：schedules"日程安排"；D：options"选择"。根据常识和上文"I realized that I was quite lost"可知，迷路后，需要停下来思考接下来可以采取的办法，也就是自己的选择。故选D。
31．句意：原来的计划是在一个旅游公园过夜，但我不知道自己在哪里。A：formal"正式的"；B：original"原来的"；C：senior"高级的"；D：organized"有组织的"。根据上文描述作者原本的行程安排以及空后"but I had no idea where I was"可知，作者现在因为迷路无法按照原本的计划在旅游公园过夜了，强调这是原来的计划。故选B。
32．句意：两小时后，我很高兴看到看起来很新的自行车道痕迹。A：deep"深的"；B：recent"最近的，新的"；C：precious"珍贵的"；D：unique"独特的"。根据常识和空前"I was delighted to see cycle tracks"可知，发现看起来很新的自行车道痕迹意味着有其他人刚从这里经过，所以作者才会感到高兴。故选B。
33．句意：一阵突然的风使我清醒过来。A：challenged"挑战"；B：circled"环绕"；C：stirred"使清醒，使激动"；D：struck"打击"。根据上文"I had no more water, and was sleepy"我没有水了，而且很困。可知，作者又累又困，突然的风起到了使他清醒的作用。故选C。
34．句意：我强迫自己站起来，朝着声音传来的方向走去。A：set up"建立"；B：signed up"报名"；C：forced up"强迫自己起来"；D：dressed up"打扮"。根据上文"I was sleepy"以及作者身处困境但仍要寻找出路，可知是强迫自己克服困倦站起来。故选C。
35．句意：我在澳大利亚生活的第一课已经传授给我了。A：delivered"传递，传授"；B：packed"打包"；C：improved"提高"；D：recommended"推荐"。根据上文作者经历了炎热、迷路、缺水等一系列状况，这些经历就像一堂课一样传递给了作者在澳大利亚生活的经验。故选A。
七、第二节 短文填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2025高一下·江汉期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The over-21-kilometer half marathon course struck a perfect balance: challenging yet doable for runners of all levels. There were machine competitors　36． 　 (compete) in the world's first humanoid robot half marathon, held in the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area (BDA) in the southeast of the city.　37． 　 silicon racers would soon compete on the same physical route as human runners, though on separate tracks.
"Think of it　38． 　 a car rally (汽车拉力赛) for robots," said Liang Liang, deputy director of the BDA management committee. The rules of the humanoid robot half marathon were closely like　39． 　 of a car rally, Liang noted. Teams combined AI autonomy with human oversight, dealing with　40． 　 (challenge) no machine had quite faced before: uneven pavements, communication drops　41． 　 the unpredictability of the outdoors.
"The event　42． 　 (serve) as a testing and demonstration platform, but more importantly, as a space for　43． 　 (develop), enthusiasts and companies to exchange ideas," Liang said.
At the Beijing E-Town half marathon, the Tien Kung Ultra robot developed by the Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center crossed the finish line in just 2 hours and 40 minutes. Noetix's N2 came in second, while a robot designed by Shanghai-based firm DroidUp　44． 　 (secure) third place.
Isn't the organizers' motto, "To compete is victory, to finish is glory,"　45． 　 (fill) with Akhwari's story Every small step these robots took on the marathon course represented a giant leap for China's technological breakthroughs.
【答案】36．competing；37．The；38．as；39．those；40．challenges；41．and；42．serves；43．developers；44．secured；45．filled
【知识点】新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍在北京经济技术开发区举办的世界首场人形机器人半程马拉松赛事，强调该赛事为不同水平的机器人提供了兼具挑战性与可行性的竞技平台，通过融合人工智能自主性与人类监督，测试机器人在复杂户外环境中的应对能力，同时促进技术交流与创新，展现了中国在机器人技术领域的突破与进步。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，冠词，介词，代词，名词，连词，时态，主谓一致以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：在北京市东南部的北京经济技术开发区（BDA）举行的世界首个类人机器人半程马拉松中，有机器参赛者参与竞争。compete"竞争，比赛"，动词。此处应用非谓语动词作定语，与competitors在逻辑上是主谓关系，应用现在分词，故填competing。
37．句意：这些硅基参赛者很快将与人类参赛者在同一条实体路线上竞争，不过是在不同的赛道上。此处特指上文提到的"machine competitors"，用定冠词the，位于句首，首字母大写。故填The。
38．句意："可以把它看作是机器人的汽车拉力赛，"北京经济技术开发区管委会副主任梁亮说。think of...as...，固定短语，"把……看作……"，故填as。
39．句意：梁指出，类人机器人半程马拉松的规则与汽车拉力赛的规则非常相似。此处作介词like的宾语，且无提示词，所以此处使用代词，结合句意，此处为同类异物特指，应用that/those，上文rules为复数，所以用代词those。故填those。
40．句意：各团队将人工智能自主性与人类监督相结合，应对着机器以前从未遇到过的挑战：不平的人行道、通信中断以及户外环境的不可预测性。challenge"挑战"，可数名词，根据后文列举的内容可知，此处应用其复数形式，故填challenges。
41．句意：各团队将人工智能自主性与人类监督相结合，应对着机器以前从未遇到过的挑战：不平的人行道、通信中断以及户外环境的不可预测性。此处连接uneven pavements, communication drops和the unpredictability of the outdoors三个并列名词短语，用连词and。故填and。
42．句意：梁说："这项赛事不仅是一个测试和展示平台，更重要的是，它是一个供开发者、爱好者和企业交流思想的空间。"serve as 动词短语，"作为"，是谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The event是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用serves。故填serves。
43．句意：梁说："这项赛事不仅是一个测试和展示平台，更重要的是，它是一个供开发者、爱好者和企业交流思想的空间。"develop"发展"，动词。此处应用名词作宾语，结合句意"开发者"可知，应用developer可数名词，再结合"enthusiasts and companies"可知，此处应用复数形式developers，与后文构成并列关系。故填developers。
44．句意：Noetix的N2机器人获得第二名，而上海公司DroidUp设计的一款机器人获得了第三名。secure"获得"，是谓语动词，与上文的谓语动词"crossed"以及"came"并列，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，故填secured。
45．句意：主办方的座右铭"参与即是胜利，完赛即是荣耀"，不正是充满了阿克瓦里的故事吗？fill"充满"，动词。be filled with固定短语，"充满"，过去分词filled与isn't构成一般现在时的被动语态的否定形式。故填filled。
八、写作 第一节（满分15分）
46．（2025高一下·江汉期末）假定你是李华，近期你班正在小组合作完成一个英语项目活动(Project)"Tell Stories of China in English"并在班级进行分享，很多小组觉得难以开展。现在请你针对如何解决此问题在课堂上进行英语演讲，内容包括：
1. 陈述看法；2.提出建议。
注意： 1.写作词数为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
How to Tell Stories of China in English as a Group
Good morning, everyone!
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks for your listening!
【答案】 How to Tell Stories of China in English as a Group
Good morning, everyone! Today I'd like to share my ideas about our group project "Tell Stories of China in English". While Many groups encounter challenges, teamwork can make it achievable!
In my opinion, this English project will offer us a good chance to have a better understanding of our countries' traditions and cultures. As we know, traditions and cultures cover a wide range of elements. What tops the priority is to choose a suitable topic for your project. Besides, the project involves tasks varying from researching to scripting and doing PPT as well as giving a presentation. Each member in the group should be assigned tasks according to their interests and talents.
Remember, creativity matters more than perfection! Let's embrace our culture and learn together. Thanks for your listening!
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份针对解决问题的方案在课堂上进行英语演讲。写作背景：近期你班正在小组合作完成一个英语项目活动(Project)"Tell Stories of China in English"并在班级进行分享，很多小组觉得难以开展。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1. 陈述看法；2.提出建议。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： Today I'd like to share my ideas about our group project "Tell Stories of China in English".运用了不定式作宾语； While Many groups encounter challenges, teamwork can make it achievable!运用了让步状语从句；
In my opinion, this English project will offer us a good chance to have a better understanding of our countries' traditions and cultures. 运用了不定式作后置定语；As we know, traditions and cultures cover a wide range of elements. 运用了非限制性定语从句；What tops the priority is to choose a suitable topic for your project. 运用了主语从句；Each member in the group should be assigned tasks according to their interests and talents.运用了被动语态；Let's embrace our culture and learn together. 运用了祈使句，省略to的不定式作宾补。
九、第二节（满分25分）
47．（2025高一下·江汉期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I like things to balance, partly because of my name, "Ava." When something bothers me, I try to balance the bad with the good. That's why I don't mind being the tallest kid in third grade.
Bad: Have to stand in the back row of my class picture.
Good: Can reach the books on the top library shelf.
Bad: Everyone always points out how tall I am.
Good: Sometimes I want people to notice me. So it balances.
One day, a new girl, Ava Zafra, comes to school, and she's the shortest kid in third grade. Now everyone calls me "Ava J." and the new girl "Ava Z." I thought if we had the same name, maybe we were alike. During art class, I paint a kitten sliding down a rainbow. Ava Z. paints her shoes black. She shouts, "I am an alien hunter! Fear me!" We aren't alike.
During a break, Samir yells, "Over there, Ava!" When I look at Samir, he shakes his head. "Not you, Big Ava. I meant Little Ava." From then on, I'm not just Ava. I'm not even Ava J. — I'm Big Ava. I try to think of something good about being big, but I can't remember anything good.
The next day, Ms. Wu has a surprise. "Everyone, let's draw to pick the speaking roles for our class play!" she announces. "It's called Clever Jack. He rescues a princess from a giant with the help of a wood fairy."
The fairy! Maybe I can wear my fairy costume. I cross my fingers when she picks the name. "The fairy will be Ava Z.," Ms. Wu says. Then, she pulls one more name from the jar and looks at me. "Ava. J. will be the giant." My heart sinks. The ugly, scary giant My only line is, "ARRGH!" I hate yelling! I don't want to be too big!
Our class rehearses (排练) until we know every line. The day before the play, we try on our costumes. When it's my turn, Ms. Wu drops a burlap (麻布) robe over my head. I am an ugly, scary giant.
I run to the bathroom, so no one will see my cry. I'm not alone.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Little Ava is there, and she's crying, too.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
"Ready to exchange " asks Little Ava.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Little Ava is there, and she's crying, too. "Don't look at me! I look silly." she yells, wiping her tears. "I don't want to be the fairy — I want to be fierce, like the giant!" she confesses. Her voice trembles and I realize she is as upset as I am. "I don't want to be big. Too bad we can't trade." I murmur. Before I can continue, she suddenly looks up at me like an evil fairy, her eyes flashing with an idea. "Maybe we can." I exchange a glance with her. Yes, we two Avas could balance! The next day, We are in the backstage. Everyone in school is in the audience.
"Ready to exchange " asks Little Ava. I nod eagerly, and we scramble to swap costumes. She drowns in the giant's robe, but when I smear black makeup around her eyes, she grins wickedly. "Perfect," she whispers. "Now I'm the monster." Little Ava stomps onto the stage, her tiny frame hidden under the robe, and delivers "ARRGH" so fierce that the front-row kids gasp. Meanwhile, I float in my fairy costume, taller than everyone but finally unafraid. After the play, Ms. Wu holds our hands while everyone cheers. "Big and Little Ava power!" I whisper to her. I've never felt bigger, and that's definitely good.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，本文讲述了作者因为身材高大而感到困扰，在班级戏剧中被分配到扮演巨人的角色，这让她更加沮丧。然而，在排练过程中，她遇到了同样对角色不满的小艾娃。两人通过交流，发现彼此都想尝试对方的角色，最终决定交换。交换角色后，小艾娃成功演绎了凶猛的巨人，而作者也克服了恐惧，自信地扮演了仙女。这次经历让作者意识到，无论大小，每个人都有自己的力量和价值。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"小艾娃也在那里，她也在哭。"可知，第一段可描写两人互相倾诉对角色不满，并萌生交换角色的想法。②由第二段首句内容"‘准备好交换了吗？'小艾娃问。"可知，第二段可描写两人成功交换角色，并出色完成表演，最终获得大家认可的过程。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】续写部分紧扣原文主题，通过"大小Ava"互换角色的巧妙构思，生动展现了孩子面对困境时的智慧与勇气。情节设计既在意料之外又在情理之中——当两人因角色分配陷入低谷时，身高差异反而成为解决问题的关键，呼应了前文"平衡"的叙事线索。文中有一些好的词句，例如：Her voice trembles and I realize she is as upset as I am. 运用了省略连接词that的宾语从句； After the play, Ms. Wu holds our hands while everyone cheers. 运用了while引导的时间状语从句。
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