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鲁教版 初中英语 八上
Unit 4 An old man tried to
move the mountains
知识点总结
（单词+短语+句子+语法）
【全新完整版】
一、重点单词
神话人物与角色
1. god [ɡ d] n. 神
2. spirit [ sp r t] n. 精灵；精神
3. emperor [ emp r ] n. 皇帝
4. Yu Gong [ju ɡ ] 愚公
5. the Jade Emperor [ d e d emp r ] 玉皇大帝
6. wife [wa f] n. 妻子
7. husband [ h zb nd] n. 丈夫
8. grandson [ ɡr ns n] n. 孙子
9. granddaughter [ ɡr nd t ] n. 孙女
10. couple [ k pl] n. 夫妇
自然与地理
11. mountain [ ma nt n] n. 山
12. stone [st n] n. 石头
13. earth [ θ] n. 泥土；地球
14. forest [ f r st] n. 森林
15. heaven [ hev n] n. 天堂
16. hole [h l] n. 洞
17. river [ r v ] n. 河流
18. valley [ v li] n. 山谷
19. path [pɑ θ] n. 小路
20. sky [ska ] n. 天空
工具与物品
21. tool [tu l] n. 工具
22. bucket [ b k t] n. 桶
23. rope [r p] n. 绳子
24. silk [s lk] n. 丝绸
25. basket [ bɑ sk t] n. 篮子
26. shovel [ v l] n. 铲子
27. cart [kɑ t] n. 手推车
28. jar [d ɑ ] n. 罐子
29. bowl [b l] n. 碗
30. stick [st k] n. 棍子
动作与行为
31. try [tra ] v. 尝试
32. move [mu v] v. 移动
33. dig [d ɡ] v. 挖
34. carry [ k ri] v. 搬运
35. laugh [lɑ f] v. 大笑
36. cry [kra ] v. 哭泣
37. punish [ p n ] v. 惩罚
38. save [se v] v. 拯救
39. appear [ p ] v. 出现
40. disappear [ d s p ] v. 消失
41. agree [ ɡri ] v. 同意
42. disagree [ d s ɡri ] v. 不同意
43. promise [ pr m s] v. 承诺
44. refuse [r fju z] v. 拒绝
45. decide [d sa d] v. 决定
46. believe [b li v] v. 相信
47. remind [r ma nd] v. 提醒
48. finish [ f n ] v. 完成
49. continue [k n t nju ] v. 继续
50. die [da ] v. 死亡
状态与特征
51. old [ ld] adj. 年老的
52. young [j ] adj. 年轻的
53. strong [str ] adj. 强壮的
54. weak [wi k] adj. 虚弱的
55. foolish [ fu l ] adj. 愚蠢的
56. smart [smɑ t] adj. 聪明的
57. impossible [ m p s bl] adj. 不可能的
58. possible [ p s bl] adj. 可能的
59. magical [ m d k l] adj. 魔法的
60. brave [bre v] adj. 勇敢的
61. kind [ka nd] adj. 善良的
62. cruel [kru l] adj. 残忍的
63. dead [ded] adj. 死的
64. alive [ la v] adj. 活着的
65. heavy [ hevi] adj. 重的
66. light [la t] adj. 轻的
时间与逻辑关系
67. finally [ fa n li] adv. 最终
68. once [w ns] adv. 曾经；一次
69. forever [f r ev ] adv. 永远
70. unless [ n les] conj. 除非
71. although [ l ] conj. 尽管
72. instead [ n sted] adv. 代替
73. together [t ɡe ] adv. 一起
74. nearly [ n li] adv. 几乎
其他功能词
75. himself [h m self] pron. 他自己
76. herself [h self] pron. 她自己
77. itself [ t self] pron. 它自己
78. without [w a t] prep. 没有
79. towards [t w dz] prep. 朝向
80. bit [b t] n./adv. 一点；少量
二、主要短语
动词短语
1. try to do sth 尝试做某事
2. move the mountains 移山
3. die of old age 老死
4. remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
5. agree with sb 同意某人
6. disagree with sb 不同意某人
7. laugh at sb 嘲笑某人
8. cry for help 呼救
9. promise to do sth 承诺做某事
10. continue to do sth 继续做某事
11. appear in the sky 出现在天空中
12. disappear from sight 从视线中消失
13. punish sb for sth 因某事惩罚某人
14. save sb from danger 从危险中救出某人
15. believe in sb 相信某人
16. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
17. decide to do sth 决定做某事
18. finish doing sth 完成做某事
介词短语
19. in the beginning 起初
20. at last 最后
21. day after day 日复一日
22. year after year 年复一年
23. with the help of 在...的帮助下
24. instead of 代替
25. without any help 没有任何帮助
26. towards the mountains 朝向大山
27. from generation to generation 世代相传
28. in this way 用这种方法
29. on earth 究竟；在地球上
30. in heaven 在天堂
固定搭配
31. give up 放弃
32. keep doing sth 持续做某事
33. be full of 充满
34. be made of 由...制成
35. be proud of 为...感到骄傲
36. be afraid of 害怕
37. be interested in 对...感兴趣
38. be surprised at 对...感到惊讶
39. be angry with 对...生气
40. be kind to 对...友善
故事相关短语
41. the old man's family 老人的家人
42. the Jade Emperor's order 玉皇大帝的命令
43. dig through the mountain 挖穿大山
44. carry earth and stone 搬运土石
45. a magical power 神奇的力量
46. a long journey 长途旅行
47. a foolish idea 愚蠢的想法
48. a brave decision 勇敢的决定
49. a kind heart 善良的心
三、重点句型句子
故事叙述句型
1. Once upon a time, there was...
从前，有一个...
例句：Once upon a time, there was an old man who wanted to move mountains.
从前，有一位想要移山的老人。
2. The story tells us that...
这个故事告诉我们...
例句：The story tells us that perseverance is important.
这个故事告诉我们坚持很重要。
3. It is said that...
据说...
例句：It is said that the gods were moved by his determination.
据说神仙被他的决心感动了。
4. Long long ago,...
很久很久以前...
例句：Long long ago, people believed in miracles.
很久很久以前，人们相信奇迹。
5. He decided to...
他决定...
例句：He decided to move the mountains with his family.
他决定和家人一起移山。
6. They kept doing...
他们持续不断地...
例句：They kept digging day after day.
他们日复一日地挖山。
7. Finally,...
最后...
例句：Finally, the gods helped them.
最后，神仙帮助了他们。
8. To everyone's surprise,...
令所有人惊讶的是...
例句：To everyone's surprise, the mountains moved.
令所有人惊讶的是，山移动了。
9. The most amazing thing was...
最神奇的是...
例句：The most amazing thing was their perseverance.
最神奇的是他们的坚持。
10. As time went by,...
随着时间的推移...
例句：As time went by, more people joined them.
随着时间的推移，更多人加入了他们。
11. The problem was that...
问题是...
例句：The problem was that the mountains were huge.
问题是这些山太大了。
12. What happened next was...
接下来发生的是...
例句：What happened next was a miracle.
接下来发生的是个奇迹。
13. That's how...
这就是...的方式
例句：That's how they solved the problem.
这就是他们解决问题的方式。
14. From then on,...
从那时起...
例句：From then on, the road was clear.
从那时起，道路畅通了。
15. The lesson we learn is...
我们学到的道理是...
例句：The lesson we learn is never give up.
我们学到的道理是永不放弃。
表达观点句型
16. In my opinion,...
在我看来...
例句：In my opinion, Yu Gong was wise.
在我看来，愚公很睿智。
17. I think/believe that...
我认为/相信...
例句：I believe that hard work pays off.
我相信努力会有回报。
18. It seems that...
似乎...
例句：It seems that nothing could stop him.
似乎没有什么能阻止他。
19. Some people say that...
有人说...
例句：Some people say he was foolish.
有人说他很愚蠢。
20. Others argue that...
其他人认为...
例句：Others argue he was brave.
其他人认为他很勇敢。
21. There is no doubt that...
毫无疑问...
例句：There is no doubt that he was determined.
毫无疑问他很坚定。
22. It's clear that...
很明显...
例句：It's clear that he never gave up.
很明显他从未放弃。
23. We can see that...
我们可以看到...
例句：We can see that persistence is key.
我们可以看到坚持是关键。
24. This shows that...
这表明...
例句：This shows that miracles can happen.
这表明奇迹会发生。
25. The truth is that...
事实是...
例句：The truth is that he succeeded.
事实是他成功了。
26. What really matters is...
真正重要的是...
例句：What really matters is the spirit.
真正重要的是这种精神。
27. The key point is...
关键是...
例句：The key point is to keep trying.
关键是要不断尝试。
比较与对比句型
28. ...is similar to...
...与...相似
例句：This story is similar to other fables.
这个故事和其他寓言相似。
29. ...is different from...
...与...不同
例句：His method was different from others'.
他的方法和别人不同。
pared with...
与...相比
例句：Compared with today, tools were simple then.
与今天相比，当时的工具很简单。
31. On the one hand...on the other hand...
一方面...另一方面...
例句：On one hand it was hard, on the other hand it was meaningful.
一方面很困难，另一方面很有意义。
32. While..., ...
虽然...
例句：While it seemed impossible, he kept trying.
虽然看起来不可能，他仍坚持尝试。
33. Unlike..., ...
不像...
例句：Unlike others, he never complained.
不像别人，他从不抱怨。
34. Just like..., ...
就像...
例句：Just like his father, the son continued.
就像他父亲一样，儿子继续着。
35. The same as..., ...
与...相同
例句：His belief was the same as his ancestors'.
他的信念和祖先们相同。
因果句型
36. Because..., ...
因为...
例句：Because the mountains blocked the way, they moved them.
因为山挡住了路，他们移山。
37. As a result,...
结果...
例句：As a result, the road was clear.
结果，道路畅通了。
38. Therefore,...
因此...
例句：Therefore, we should learn from him.
因此，我们应该向他学习。
39. That's why...
这就是为什么...
例句：That's why this story is famous.
这就是为什么这个故事出名。
40. The reason is that...
原因是...
例句：The reason is that he persisted.
原因是他坚持了。
41. So...that...
如此...以至于...
例句：He was so determined that he succeeded.
他如此坚定以至于成功了。
建议与劝说句型
42. We should...
我们应该...
例句：We should learn this spirit.
我们应该学习这种精神。
43. Why don't you...
你为什么不...
例句：Why don't you read this story
你为什么不读读这个故事？
44. How about...
...怎么样？
例句：How about discussing the moral
讨论一下寓意怎么样？
45. It's better to...
最好...
例句：It's better to try than to quit.
最好尝试而不是放弃。
46. Let's...
让我们...
例句：Let's appreciate this story.
让我们欣赏这个故事。
47. Don't forget to...
别忘了...
例句：Don't forget to tell this story.
别忘了讲这个故事。
48. Remember to...
记得...
例句：Remember to learn the lesson.
记得吸取教训。
49. You'd better...
你最好...
例句：You'd better understand it deeply.
你最好深入理解它。
50. I suggest that...
我建议...
例句：I suggest that we need this spirit.
我建议我们需要这种精神。
51. If I were you, I would...
如果我是你，我会...
例句：If I were you, I would share this story.
如果我是你，我会分享这个故事。
四、语法点
本单元语法主要是复习动词不定式的一些用法及一些连词（unless、so··…that、as soon as）用法
动词不定式不同用法复习：
一）不定式的主要用法
1. 作主语
- 例句：To learn English well is important.
- 翻译：学好英语很重要。
- 说明：常用it作形式主语，如：It is important to learn English well.
2. 作宾语
- 例句：He wants to become a doctor.
- 翻译：他想成为一名医生。
- 常见动词：want, hope, decide, plan, agree等。
3. 作宾语补足语
- 例句：I asked him to help me.
- 翻译：我请他帮助我。
- 常见动词：ask, tell, want, allow, encourage等。
4. 作表语
- 例句：My dream is to travel around the world.
- 翻译：我的梦想是环游世界。
5. 作定语
- 例句：I have a lot of work to do.
- 翻译：我有很多工作要做。
- 说明：通常放在被修饰名词之后。
6. 作状语
- 表目的：
- 例句：He came to see me yesterday.
- 翻译：他昨天来看我。
- 表结果：
- 例句：She grew up to be a beautiful girl.
- 翻译：她长大后成了一个漂亮的女孩。
二）特殊结构
1. 疑问词+不定式
- 例句：I don't know what to do.
- 翻译：我不知道该做什么。
2. too...to...结构
- 例句：He is too young to go to school.
- 翻译：他太小了不能上学。
3. enough to...结构
- 例句：She is old enough to make her own decisions.
- 翻译：她足够大了可以自己做决定。
4. It's + adj. + for/of sb. + to do
- 例句：It's kind of you to help me.
- 翻译：你帮助我真是太好了。
三）不带to的不定式
1. 使役动词后
- 例句：Let me help you.
- 翻译：让我帮你。
2. 感官动词后
- 例句：I saw him cross the street.
- 翻译：我看见他过了马路。
3. had better, would rather等后
- 例句：You'd better go now.
- 翻译：你最好现在走。
四）不定式的时态和语态
1. 一般式(to do)
- 例句：I hope to see you soon.
- 翻译：我希望很快见到你。
2. 进行式(to be doing)
- 例句：He seems to be sleeping.
- 翻译：他似乎在睡觉。
3. 完成式(to have done)
- 例句：I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
- 翻译：很抱歉让你久等了。
4. 被动式(to be done)
- 例句：The book is to be published next month.
- 翻译：这本书将于下月出版。
5. 不定式的否定形式是在to前加not
- 例句：He decided not to go.
- 翻译：他决定不去。
注意：有些动词后既可接不定式也可接动名词，但意义不同：
1. remember
- remember to do：记得要做某事（未做）
- 例句：Remember to lock the door when you leave.
- 翻译：离开时记得锁门。
- remember doing：记得做过某事（已做）
- 例句：I remember locking the door yesterday.
- 翻译：我记得昨天锁门了。
2. forget
- forget to do：忘记要做某事（未做）
- 例句：I forgot to call my mother yesterday.
- 翻译：我昨天忘记给妈妈打电话了。
- forget doing：忘记做过某事（已做）
- 例句：I forgot locking the door and did it again.
- 翻译：我忘记已经锁过门了，又锁了一次。
3. regret
- regret to do：遗憾要去做某事（现在）
- 例句：I regret to inform you that your application was rejected.
- 翻译：我很遗憾地通知你，你的申请被拒绝了。
- regret doing：后悔做过某事（过去）
- 例句：I regret telling him the secret.
- 翻译：我后悔告诉了他这个秘密。
4. stop
- stop to do：停下来去做另一件事
- 例句：He stopped to answer the phone.
- 翻译：他停下来去接电话。
- stop doing：停止正在做的事
- 例句：Please stop talking.
- 翻译：请停止说话。
5. go on
- go on to do：继续做另一件事
- 例句：After finishing his speech, he went on to answer questions.
- 翻译：演讲结束后，他继续回答问题。
- go on doing：继续做同一件事
- 例句：He went on talking for another hour.
- 翻译：他又继续讲了一个小时。
连词（unless、so··…that、as soon as）用法
一）unless 的用法（除非，如果不）
1. 基本用法
- 表示"除非...否则..."，相当于"if...not"
- 引导条件状语从句，主句常用将来时或情态动词
- 例句：You will fail the exam unless you study hard.
翻译：除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。
2. 时态规则
- 主句将来时，unless从句用一般现在时表将来
- 例句：I won't go to the party unless I finish my work.
翻译：除非我完成工作，否则我不会去参加派对。
3. - 可与否定词连用表示强调
- 例句：Don't call me unless it's an emergency.
翻译：除非是紧急情况，否则不要打电话给我。
4. 注意事项
- unless一般不用于虚拟语气
- 错误：Unless I were you...（×）
- 正确：If I were not you...（√）
二）so...that...的用法（如此...以至于...）
so...that... 中，so是副词词性，so 后必须接形容词或副词，不能直接跟名词。
1. 基本结构
- so + 形容词/副词 + that从句
- 例句：The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.
翻译：这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。
Sherry is so kind that everyone likes her.
翻译：雪莉如此友好，每个人都喜欢她
2. 与such...that的区别
1）so...that... 修饰形容词或副词，so 后必须接形容词或副词，不能直接跟名词。
She is so kind that everyone likes her.
（她非常善良，以至于大家都喜欢她。）
→ so 修饰形容词 kind
He runs so fast that no one can catch him.
（他跑得如此快，以至于没人能追上。）
→ so 修饰副词 fast
2）such...that... such是形容词词性，修饰名词，such 后必须接名词（可数/不可数），名词前可以有形容词修饰。
可数名词单数：such a/an + adj + 单数名词 + that...
It was such a difficult exam that many failed.
（考试太难了，很多人都没通过。）
可数名词复数：such + adj + 复数名词 + that...
They are such kind people that everyone trusts them.
（他们非常友善，大家都信任他们。）
不可数名词：such + adj + 不可数名词 + that...
She has such good advice that I always listen.
（她的建议非常好，我总是听从。）
3）特殊情况
(1) 当名词前有 many/much/few/little 时，只能用 so
so many/few + 可数名词复数+that
There were so many people that we couldn't move.
（人太多了，我们动弹不得。）
so much/little + 不可数名词+that
He has so little patience that he gets angry easily.
（他耐心太少，很容易生气。）
3. 与 so that（以便，为了）区别
so that + 从句：表示目的，通常与 can/could/will/would 等情态动词连用。
例句：
I study hard so that I can pass the exam.
（我努力学习，以便能通过考试。）
→ "so that I can pass" 表示目的。
She saved money so that she could buy a new car.
（她存钱是为了买一辆新车。）
→ "so that she could buy" 表示目的。
He woke up early so that he wouldn't be late.
（他早起是为了不迟到。）
→ "so that he wouldn't be late" 表示目的。
注意：
so that 后面通常接情态动词（can, could, will, would, may, might）。
三）as soon as的用法（一...就...）
1. 基本用法
- 表示一个动作紧接着另一个动作发生
- 例句：I'll call you as soon as I arrive.
翻译：我一到就给你打电话。
2. 时态规则
- 主句将来时，as soon as从句用一般现在时表将来
- 例句：She will leave as soon as the rain stops.
翻译：雨一停她就会离开。
3. 过去时用法
- 表示过去两个连续发生的动作
- 例句：He called me as soon as he got the news.
翻译：他一得到消息就给我打了电话。
4. 强调用法
- 可与possible连用表示"尽快"
- 例句：Please reply as soon as possible.
翻译：请尽快回复。
5. 位置灵活
- 可置于句首或句中
- 例句：As soon as the bell rang, the students stood up.
翻译：铃声一响，学生们就站了起来。

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