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Unit 4 My Favourite Subject Section A Grammar Focus 教学设计
This part of the teaching material focuses on the grammar usage of the conjunctions "and", "but", and "because". It aims to help students understand the semantic functions and syntactic structures of these conjunctions through various examples related to school subjects. By learning this grammar point, students can express their opinions and reasons about school subjects more comprehensively and accurately, and improve their ability to construct complex sentences.
教学目标 Students should be able to understand and summarize the semantic functions and usage rules of the conjunctions "and", "but", and "because". For example, they need to know that "and" is used for connection and addition, "but" for contrast, and "because" for giving reasons. Master the basic sentence patterns using these conjunctions, such as "Subject + Verb + Object and Subject + Verb + Object" for "and", "Subject + Verb + Object, but Subject + Verb + Object" for "but", and "Subject + Verb + Object because Clause" for "because".
教学重难点 Teach students the fundamental usage of the conjunctions "and", "but", and "because" in detail. Provide numerous examples, such as "I have Chinese and English classes today." (using "and" to connect two subjects), "He likes PE, but he doesn't like history." (using "but" to show contrast), and "We like science because it's full of fun experiments." (using "because" to give a reason). Let students practice using these conjunctions through a variety of exercises, like sentence - making, matching sentences, and filling in the blanks. Guide students to construct sentences using these conjunctions based on given information or topics. For instance, given the information "I like reading books" and "I like watching movies", students should be able to combine them into "I like reading books and watching movies" with the help of "and".
Function
It is mainly used to connect words, phrases, or clauses that are similar or related in meaning, expressing addition or continuation.
Example 1: Connecting two nouns - "I have a pen and a ruler in my pencil - box."
Example 2: Connecting two verbs - "She likes singing and dancing."
Example 3: Connecting two adjectives - "The book is interesting and educational."
Example 4: Connecting two clauses - "He got up early and he went to school on time."
Grammar Notes
When connecting two clauses with "and", if the subject is the same in both clauses, the subject in the second clause can be omitted. For example, "She opened the window and (she) let the fresh air in."
In negative sentences, "or" is often used instead of "and" when connecting two or more items. For example, "I don't like apples or bananas."
B. Conjunction "but"
Function
"But" is used to show a contrast or opposition between two ideas.
Example 1: "The weather is fine today, but it's a bit windy."
Example 2: "He studies hard, but he still can't get high scores."
Example 3: "I like dogs, but my sister likes cats."
Grammar Notes
It is used to connect two independent clauses. Usually, a comma is placed before "but" when connecting two clauses. However, when "but" connects two short and closely - related words or phrases, a comma may not be necessary. For example, "He is short but strong."
C. Conjunction "because"
Function
"Because" is used to introduce a reason for something, answering the question "why".
Example 1: "I like math because it can train my logical thinking."
Example 2: "They are late because of the heavy traffic."
Example 3: "We didn't go on a picnic because it rained yesterday."
Grammar Notes
The clause introduced by "because" is a subordinate clause and cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. When the "because" clause comes at the beginning of a sentence, a comma is used to separate it from the main clause. For example, "Because it was snowing, we stayed at home."
教学过程
I. Lead - in (5 minutes)
Warming - up Activity
Greet the students as usual and start with a simple question: "What did you do yesterday " to review the past tense briefly. Then, quickly shift to the topic of the day. Show some pictures of different school subjects, such as a math book with numbers, a science experiment picture, and a history timeline. Ask students, "Can you name these subjects in English " Encourage them to respond actively.
Question - raising
Pose a question: "I know you all have your favourite subjects. But how can we express our ideas about these subjects more smoothly and connect different thoughts That's what we are going to learn today - the usage of conjunctions 'and', 'but', and 'because'." This question is designed to arouse students' curiosity and make them eager to learn the following content.
II. Grammar Explanation (10 minutes)
Function and Example Introduction
Conjunction 'and'
Write "and" on the blackboard. Explain that "and" is used to connect words, phrases, or clauses that are similar or related in meaning, expressing addition. Give simple examples: "I like apples and bananas." (connecting two nouns) "She can sing and dance." (connecting two verbs) Write these examples on the blackboard as well.
Conjunction 'but'
Next, introduce "but". Explain that it is used to show a contrast or opposition between two ideas. Provide examples like "He is tall, but he is not good at basketball." and "The weather is sunny, but it's a bit cold." Write these on the blackboard too.
Conjunction 'because'
Then, talk about "because". State that it is used to introduce a reason for something. For example, "I like English because it is interesting." and "We are late because of the traffic." Write these sentences for students to see.
Sentence Structure Analysis
Analyze the sentence structures with these conjunctions. For "and", show the pattern "Subject + Verb + Object and Subject + Verb + Object" (when the subject is the same, it can be omitted in the second part). For "but", the pattern is "Subject + Verb + Object, but Subject + Verb + Object". And for "because", it is "Subject + Verb + Object because Clause". Use the previously given examples to illustrate these structures.
III. Practice (15 minutes)
Oral Practice
Group Work
Divide the students into groups of four. Give each group a set of cards with different sentences about school subjects. For example, "I like art." "It is creative." "I don't like math." "It is difficult." "I like PE." "I can play games." Students need to use the conjunctions "and", "but", and "because" to combine these sentences. For instance, "I like art because it is creative." "I don't like math, but I like PE because I can play games." Each group member should take turns to speak and create sentences. Walk around the classroom to monitor and offer help if needed.
Class Sharing
After a few minutes, ask each group to share some of their combined sentences with the whole class. Encourage other students to listen carefully and check if the conjunctions are used correctly.
Written Practice
Hand out a worksheet with a series of incomplete sentences. For example:
"I like history ______ I can learn about the past." (answer: because)
"Science is interesting ______ challenging." (answer: and)
"He likes music, ______ he can't sing well." (answer: but)
Let students complete the sentences on their own. Then, check the answers together as a class. For each question, ask a student to explain why they chose that particular conjunction.
IV. Summary and Homework Assignment (5 minutes)
Summary
Briefly review the key points of the usage of "and", "but", and "because" with the students. Ask them to recall the functions and sentence structures related to these conjunctions. Summarize by saying, "Today we learned about three important conjunctions. 'And' is for adding related ideas, 'but' shows contrast, and 'because' gives reasons. Remember to use them correctly in your sentences when talking about your favourite subjects or other things."
Homework Assignment
Assign homework: "Write a short passage about your favourite school day. Use at least three sentences with the conjunctions 'and', 'but', and 'because'." This homework is designed to let students further practice using these conjunctions in a more complex context and improve their writing skills.

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