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Period 4　 单元语法讲练
构词法——派生
派生是一种构词方式，是通过对词根加前缀或后缀来构成另一个词。
一、形容词加后缀-ly变为副词的规则
1．一般情况加-ly。
如real→really；careful→carefully；polite→politely；quick→quickly。
2．“辅音字母加y”结尾的，当y的发音为[i]时，变y为i，再加-ly。
如angry→angrily；busy→busily；heavy→heavily。
3．当y的发音为[aI]时，直接加-ly。
如shy→shyly；dry→dryly。
4．以辅音字母加le结尾的形容词变副词时，去掉e加-y。
如probable→probably；gentle→gently。
但以元音字母加le结尾时加-ly。
如sole→solely。但whole→wholly例外。
5．以元音字母加e结尾的形容词变副词，去掉e加-ly。如true→truly。
[名师点津]　有的名词加-ly→形容词。
如friend→friendly；love→lovely；month→monthly。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①This is __________ (particular) true in the USA．
②Landing on the moon's far side is __________(extreme) challenging．
二、动词/名词变形容词的后缀及例词
后缀 例词
-able accept→acceptable 可接受的 comfort→comfortable 舒适的
-al music→musical音乐的 origin→original 最初的
-ful forget→forgetful健忘的 peace→peaceful 和平的
-ive effect→effective 有效的；生效的 attract→attractive 有吸引力的
-some tire→tiresome 令人厌倦的 trouble→troublesome 令人烦恼的
-y health→healthy 健康的 wealth→wealthy 富裕的；富饶的
-ern east→eastern 东方的；向东的 west→western 西方的；向西的
-ish fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的 self→selfish 自私的
-ary imagine→imaginary 想象中的 second→secondary第二的；次要的
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①Lie down on your bed and make yourself __________ (comfort)．
②You should try to combine exercise with a __________(health) diet．
三、动词变名词的后缀及例词
后缀 例词
-ance -ence perform→performance 表演；节目 exist→existence 存在；生存
-ion -tion -ition -ation attract→attraction 吸引 introduce→introduction 介绍 compete→competition 比赛；竞争 expect→expectation 期待；期望
-sion decide→decision 决定
-ing hear→hearing 听力；听觉 begin→beginning 开始
-ment achieve→achievement 功绩；成就 argue→argument 辩论；论据 treat→treatment 对待；治疗
-ure fail→failure 失败；没做到 depart→departure 离开；出发 press→pressure 压力
-y recover→recovery 恢复；痊愈 discover→discovery 发现
[即时训练3]　单句语法填空
①The company needs to improve __________(perform) in all these areas．
②There was much __________(discuss) about the reasons for the failure．
四、形容词变名词的后缀及例词
后缀 例词
-age short→shortage 不足；短缺
-cy fluent→fluency 流利；流畅 accurate→accuracy 准确性
-dom free→freedom 自由 wise→wisdom 明智；智慧
-ness kind→kindness 仁慈；好意 careless→carelessness 粗心大意
-th grow→growth 成长；发展 strong→strength 力气；强项
-y -ty -ity -ability -ibility difficult→difficulty 困难 cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴 real→reality 现实；真实 disable→disability 无能；伤残 responsible→responsibility 责任
[即时训练4]　单句语法填空
①He finally won his __________(free) after twenty years in jail．
②They showed great perseverance in the face of __________ (difficult)．
五、常表示人的后缀及例词
后缀 例词
-er teach→teacher 老师 village→villager 村民 strange→stranger 陌生人
-ar lie→liar 说谎者　 beg→beggar 乞丐
-ee employ→employee 受雇者；雇员　 interview→interviewee 参加面试者
-or act→actor 男演员 educate→educator 教育工作者；教师
-ess act→actress 女演员　 god→goddess 女神 host→hostess 女主人；女主持人
-ese China→Chinese 中国人 Japan→Japanese 日本人
-ian music→musician 音乐家 history→historian 历史学家 politics→politician 政治家；政客
-ist novel→novelist 小说家 special→specialist 专家 tour→tourist 旅行者；观光者
-ant serve→servant 仆人 participate→participant 参加者 assist→assistant 助手；助教；售货员
[即时训练5]　单句语法填空
①They got on well together although they were total __________ (strange)．
②My job is somewhere between a secretary and a personal __________ (assist)．
六、表示否定或相反意义的前缀、后缀及例词
前/后缀 例词
前缀 dis- agree→disagree 不同意 advantage→disadvantage 缺点
il- legal→illegal 不合法的 logical→illogical 不合逻辑的
im- polite→impolite 无礼的 patient→impatient 不耐烦的
in- formal→informal 非正式的 convenient→inconvenient 不方便的
ir- regular→irregular 不规则的 responsible→irresponsible 不负责任的
mis- lead→mislead 误导 understand→misunderstand 误解
non- non-smoker 不吸烟者 non-stop 直达的
un- usual→unusual 不寻常的 willing→unwilling 不愿意的
后缀 -less end→endless 没完没了的 hope→hopeless 绝望的
七、构成动词的前缀和后缀
前/后缀 例词
前缀 en- able→enable 使能够 large→enlarge 扩大 rich→enrich 充实
后缀 -en broad→broaden 变宽 ripe→ripen (使)成熟 sharp→sharpen (使)变得锋利 wide→widen 加宽
-ify class→classify 把……分类 just→justify 证明……正确 simple→simplify 使简化
-ize apology→apologize 道歉 emphasis→emphasize 强调
短文语境填空
Last Saturday，I practised my 1．__________(speak) English in my 2．__________ (read) room．I once thought English was hard and I couldn't learn it well by 3．__________ (me)．So I spared no effort to improve my English every day．Now I am well content with my 4．__________ (achieve) in English．After 5．__________while，I was 6．__________ (exhaust) and went to the garden．It was 7．__________ (sun)．I 8．__________ (water) flowers and 9．__________ (breath) the fresh air，feeling 10．__________ (relax)．
Period 4
单元语法
[即时训练1]
①particularly　②extremely
[即时训练2]
①comfortable　②healthy
[即时训练3]
①performance　②discussion
[即时训练4]
①freedom　②difficulty
[即时训练5]
①strangers　②assistant
巩固落实
1．spoken　2．reading　3．myself　4．achievement　5．a　6．exhausted　7．sunny　8．watered　9．breathed　10．relaxed
6/6(共30张PPT)
Period ４　
Section Ⅱ　LESSON 2 & LESSON 3
UNIT 7　ART
主题语境 人与社会 —— 绘画、建筑等领域的代表性作品和人物
课时学案　单元语法讲练
构词法——派生
派生是一种构词方式，是通过对词根加前缀或后缀来构成另一个词。
一、形容词加后缀-ly变为副词的规则
1．一般情况加-ly。
如real→really；careful→carefully；polite→politely；quick→quickly。
2．“辅音字母加y”结尾的，当y的发音为[i]时，变y为i，再加-ly。
如angry→angrily；busy→busily；heavy→heavily。
3．当y的发音为[aI]时，直接加-ly。
如shy→shyly；dry→dryly。
4．以辅音字母加le结尾的形容词变副词时，去掉e加-y。
如probable→probably；gentle→gently。
但以元音字母加le结尾时加-ly。
如sole→solely。但whole→wholly例外。
5．以元音字母加e结尾的形容词变副词，去掉e加-ly。如true→truly。
[名师点津]　有的名词加-ly→形容词。
如friend→friendly；love→lovely；month→monthly。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①This is ____________ (particular) true in the USA．
②Landing on the moon's far side is _________(extreme) challenging．
particularly
extremely
二、动词/名词变形容词的后缀及例词
后缀 例词
-able accept→acceptable 可接受的
comfort→comfortable 舒适的
-al music→musical音乐的
origin→original 最初的
-ful forget→forgetful健忘的
peace→peaceful 和平的
后缀 例词
-ive effect→effective 有效的；生效的
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
-some tire→tiresome 令人厌倦的
trouble→troublesome 令人烦恼的
-y health→healthy 健康的
wealth→wealthy 富裕的；富饶的
后缀 例词
-ern east→eastern 东方的；向东的
west→western 西方的；向西的
-ish fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的
self→selfish 自私的
-ary imagine→imaginary 想象中的
second→secondary第二的；次要的
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①Lie down on your bed and make yourself ____________ (comfort)．
②You should try to combine exercise with a _______(health) diet．
comfortable
healthy
三、动词变名词的后缀及例词
后缀 例词
-ance -ence perform→performance 表演；节目
exist→existence 存在；生存
-ion -tion -ition -ation attract→attraction 吸引
introduce→introduction 介绍
compete→competition 比赛；竞争
expect→expectation 期待；期望
后缀 例词
-sion decide→decision 决定
-ing hear→hearing 听力；听觉
begin→beginning 开始
-ment achieve→achievement 功绩；成就
argue→argument 辩论；论据
treat→treatment 对待；治疗
后缀 例词
-ure fail→failure 失败；没做到
depart→departure 离开；出发
press→pressure 压力
-y recover→recovery 恢复；痊愈
discover→discovery 发现
[即时训练3]　单句语法填空
①The company needs to improve ____________(perform) in all these areas．
②There was much __________(discuss) about the reasons for the failure．
performance
discussion
四、形容词变名词的后缀及例词
后缀 例词
-age short→shortage 不足；短缺
-cy fluent→fluency 流利；流畅
accurate→accuracy 准确性
-dom free→freedom 自由
wise→wisdom 明智；智慧
后缀 例词
-ness kind→kindness 仁慈；好意
careless→carelessness 粗心大意
-th grow→growth 成长；发展
strong→strength 力气；强项
后缀 例词
-y -ty -ity -ability -ibility difficult→difficulty 困难
cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴
real→reality 现实；真实
disable→disability 无能；伤残
responsible→responsibility 责任
[即时训练4]　单句语法填空
①He finally won his ________(free) after twenty years in jail．
②They showed great perseverance in the face of __________ (difficult)．
freedom
difficulty
五、常表示人的后缀及例词
后缀 例词
-er teach→teacher 老师
village→villager 村民
strange→stranger 陌生人
-ar lie→liar 说谎者　 beg→beggar 乞丐
后缀 例词
-ee employ→employee 受雇者；雇员　
interview→interviewee 参加面试者
-or act→actor 男演员
educate→educator 教育工作者；教师
-ess act→actress 女演员　 god→goddess 女神
host→hostess 女主人；女主持人
后缀 例词
-ese China→Chinese 中国人
Japan→Japanese 日本人
-ian music→musician 音乐家
history→historian 历史学家
politics→politician 政治家；政客
后缀 例词
-ist novel→novelist 小说家
special→specialist 专家
tour→tourist 旅行者；观光者
-ant serve→servant 仆人
participate→participant 参加者
assist→assistant 助手；助教；售货员
[即时训练5]　单句语法填空
①They got on well together although they were total _________ (strange)．
②My job is somewhere between a secretary and a personal _________ (assist)．
strangers
assistant
六、表示否定或相反意义的前缀、后缀及例词
前/后缀 例词
前缀 dis- agree→disagree 不同意
advantage→disadvantage 缺点
il- legal→illegal 不合法的
logical→illogical 不合逻辑的
im- polite→impolite 无礼的
patient→impatient 不耐烦的
前/后缀 例词
前缀 in- formal→informal 非正式的
convenient→inconvenient 不方便的
ir- regular→irregular 不规则的
responsible→irresponsible 不负责任的
mis- lead→mislead 误导
understand→misunderstand 误解
前/后缀 例词
前缀 non- non-smoker 不吸烟者
non-stop 直达的
un- usual→unusual 不寻常的
willing→unwilling 不愿意的
后缀 -less end→endless 没完没了的
hope→hopeless 绝望的
七、构成动词的前缀和后缀
前/后缀 例词
前缀 en- able→enable 使能够
large→enlarge 扩大
rich→enrich 充实
后缀 -en broad→broaden 变宽
ripe→ripen (使)成熟
sharp→sharpen (使)变得锋利
wide→widen 加宽
前/后缀 例词
后缀 -ify class→classify 把……分类
just→justify 证明……正确
simple→simplify 使简化
-ize apology→apologize 道歉
emphasis→emphasize 强调
短文语境填空
Last Saturday，I practised my 1．______(speak) English in my 2．_______ (read) room．I once thought English was hard and I couldn't learn it well by 3．_______ (me)．So I spared no effort to improve my English every day．Now I am well content with my 4．____________ (achieve) in English．After 5．_ while，I was 6．_________ (exhaust) and went to the garden．It was 7．_____ (sun)．I 8．________ (water) flowers and 9．________ (breath) the fresh air，feeling 10．_______ (relax)．
spoken
reading
myself
achievement
a
exhausted
sunny
watered
breathed
relaxed
课时分层作业(二)
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（WORD版）
巩固课堂所学 · 激发学习思维
夯实基础知识 · 熟悉命题方式
自我检测提能 · 及时矫正不足
本节课掌握了哪些考点？
本节课还有什么疑问点？
课后训练
学习反思
课时小结
THANKS课时分层作业(二)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．Mozart ________(作曲) his last opera shortly before he died．
2．The ring was a ________(标识) for everyone to leave the building．
3．The costume had to have bright and colourful ________(图案)．
4．If you ________(犹豫) too long，you will miss the opportunity．
5．The students ________(表演) two plays each school year．
Ⅱ．选词填空
for the first time；refer to；give up；take charge of；in total；a variety of；be regarded as
1．In fact，tradition ________________ the things that have been developing and that are still being created．
2．Steady marriage ________________the connection of two families．
3．I was about to ________________ when my best friend encouraged me to go on．
4．I'll never forget hearing this piece of music ________________．
5．It has not been decided yet who will ________________ the factory when the boss is away．
6．This tool can be used in ____________ ways．
7．The repairs came to over ￡ 500 ________________．
Ⅲ．阅读理解
Georgia O'Keeffe always thought of herself as an artist．By 1928，the rest of the world did，too．At the age of 41，she was living in New York City and becoming a well known painter．Still，O'Keeffe wasn't happy．New York had been a good source of ideas for almost ten years．Now those ideas were drying up．O'Keeffe felt like she needed a change．She had visited New Mexico in 1917 with her sister．The wide open space had thrilled her．“Maybe I should go back，” she thought．In April 1929，O'Keeffe packed her bags．
The wide open space of New Mexico drew O'Keeffe in．She spent hours just watching the sky change．Because the light was so clear，she felt like she was seeing it for the first time．The beauty of the land renewed her．She couldn't wait to start painting．Cows' and horses' skulls and desert flowers filled her canvases (画布)．The colours of the desert inspired O'Keeffe．As a result，she made new choices in her artwork．“The colour up there is different，” she explained．She loved the dusty blues and greens．
That August，O'Keeffe went home to New York．It was the start of a pattern．Each spring，she travelled to New Mexico to paint．These trips restored her spirit．Then，in the fall，she would return to New York．There，she showed her work．Each time O'Keeffe visited New Mexico，she explored a little more．
The bleached animal bones and skulls that O'Keeffe found excited her because she could see their special beauty．The bones didn't mean death to O'Keeffe．To her，they showed the lasting beauty of the desert．The landscapes，clear light，and bright colours also spoke to her．She often painted close ups of the rocks and mountains．Later，she began to travel more in search of new ideas．However，she always came back to New Mexico．
As O'Keeffe grew older，her eyesight began to fail．Still，O'Keeffe wasn't ready to give up．Her friend Juan Hamilton helped her work with watercolours．He also taught her to sculpt．As a result，she made art into her 90s．When she died at the age of 98，Hamilton sprinkled her ashes over the desert．Her body became part of the land that had touched her art and her life．
1．Why was O'Keeffe unhappy in New York in 1928
A．She was lack of the creative ideas．
B．She felt disappointed about her job．
C．She was not successful as an artist．
D．She felt bored with life in a big city．
2．What can we know about O'Keeffe after her trips to New Mexico
A．She received great reputation there．
B．She discovered the meaning of her life．
C．She chose to settle down in that city．
D．She got new thoughts from the scenery．
3．What can we know about O'Keeffe from the passage
A．She was never afraid of failure and death．
B．She was passionate about art．
C．She was patient with the coming chances．
D．She was curious about the nature of people．
4．Which of the following could be the best title for this article
A．Lifestyle in the Desert
B．Special Love for Art
C．Inspiration from the Desert
D．Modern Women Artists
Ⅳ．完形填空
Learn to Meet Challenges
My classmates called me “the alien”．As a young boy，I 1 from a serious skin disease，which filled my arms with scars．The true 2 of my condition，however，was social: I lived a life of loneliness．Doctors predicted that I would never fully recover，but my parents encouraged me to hope for the future．I therefore took a(n) 3 role in fighting against my disease，trying many medications and herbs，and my health 4 greatly before I graduated．
Years later，like my personal battle against disease，I learnt a great deal about 5 by overcoming difficulties．I joined the Culture Club as a Special Event Director．I 6 a group of six students in organising various activities．I was the most advanced ESL student among the group，so I considered myself the most capable．But I quickly learnt a(n) 7 ．While preparing for our first presentation，I was strict with my team members and often refused their 8 ．I performed most of their tasks myself，allowing them to 9 me only with small details．As a result，the presentation was not very successful，which 10 me，and I spoke of it to the club's director．She responded that she 11 my ability to succeed in the future．This comment filled me with 12 ，for I realised that I had never trusted my own team members．Although they were weak in English，they had many valuable talents．I immediately 13 my policy，allowing my team members to choose the tasks they desired and to complete them on their own．For our programme，we had many meetings，which gave 14 to many good ideas．I learnt what true leadership is．
My experiences 15 improved my ability to handle challenging situations．
1．A．judged　　　 B．suffered
C．prevented D．separated
2．A．pain B．sign
C．value D．meaning
3．A．important B．different
C．leading D．active
4．A．developed B．improved
C．increased D．removed
5．A．ability B．quality
C．leadership D．friendship
6．A．taught B．found
C．managed D．followed
7．A．lesson B．method
C．effort D．right
8．A．desires B．talents
C．ideas D．tasks
9．A．remind B．guide
C．show D．help
10．A．discouraged B．disturbed
C．encouraged D．educated
11．A．adopted B．admired
C．trusted D．tested
12．A．surprise B．delight
C．pride D．hope
13．A．deleted B．changed
C．regretted D．considered
14．A．birth B．hand
C．gift D．rise
15．A．instantly B．indirectly
C．unusually D．undoubtedly
Ⅴ．语法填空
For Chinese swimmer Qian Hongyan，competing at the 4th Asian Para Games (亚残运会) is more about testing her limits．More 1． (important)，the 26 year old will keep encouraging others to face life's challenges．“It's great to participate in the Games 2． ________the first time．I want to inspire more people with disability，” said Qian in an interview．
3． ________(know) as the “basketball girl”，Qian has been an inspiration for years．She lost both her legs due to 4． ________car accident in 2000．Then，she became familiar to people because of a picture of her as a kid sitting inside half of a basketball，5． ________acted as protective equipment to help her move around on the ground．
In 2007，she began training in swimming．It 6． ________(be) hard in the beginning．Without both legs，keeping 7． ________(her) above water felt like an impossible task．However，with years of hard work，Qian improved，8． ________(become) a national team swimmer at the Rio Paralympics in 2016．She finished 9． ________(nine) in the women's 100m breaststroke．
Coach Zhang Honghu has seen Qian's growth from a shy girl into an excellent athlete．“I hope she will keep pushing her limits and have a great life in the years 10． ________(come)，” said Zhang．
课时分层作业(二)
Ⅰ．1．composed　2．signal　3．patterns　4．hesitate　5．perform
Ⅱ．1．refers to　2．is regarded as 　3．give up　4．for the first time　5．take charge of　6．a variety of　7．in total
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4
A D B C
Ⅳ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
B A D B C C A C
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
D A C A B A D
Ⅴ．1．importantly　2．for　3．Known　4．a　5．which　6．was　7．herself　8．becoming　9．ninth　10．to come
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了画家乔治亚·奥基夫每年春天都从纽约出发到新墨西哥州的沙漠里挖掘艺术灵感的故事。
1．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“New York had been a good source of ideas for almost ten years．Now those ideas were drying up．”可知，1928年，乔治亚·奥基夫在纽约生活得并不开心，是因为她缺乏创造性的想法。故A项正确。]
2．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The beauty of the land renewed her．”及第三段中的“These trips restored her spirit．”可知，新墨西哥州的景色让她精神焕发，给了她新的想法。故D项正确。]
3．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As O'Keeffe grew older，her eyesight began to fail．Still，O'Keeffe wasn't ready to give up．Her friend Juan Hamilton helped her work with watercolours．He also taught her to sculpt．As a result，she made art into her 90s．”可知，乔治亚·奥基夫对艺术倾注了毕生的热情。故B项正确。]
4．C　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了乔治亚·奥基夫每年春天都从纽约出发到新墨西哥州的沙漠里挖掘艺术灵感的故事，所以“来自沙漠的灵感”为本文最佳标题。故C项正确。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者小时候患有严重的皮肤病，但通过积极治疗，健康状况大有好转。后来，作者克服困难，学会了很多关于领导方面的才能，但由于缺乏对成员的信任，导致很失败。最终，作者通过自己的亲身经历学会了面对挑战。
1．B　[suffer from是固定词组，意为“患病，遭受痛苦”。根据下文“which filled my arms with scars”可知，作者患上了严重的皮肤病。故选B。]
2．A　[the true pain真正的痛苦。根据下文“however，was social: I lived a life of loneliness”可知，然而，作者的真正痛苦是过着孤独的生活。故选A。]
3．D　[根据下文“trying many medications and herbs，and my health
greatly before I graduated”可知，作者在抗击疾病方面发挥了积极的作用。故选D。]
4．B　[根据上文“I therefore took a(n) role in fighting against my disease，trying many medications and herbs”可知，由于作者接受了积极治疗，作者的健康状况大有好转。故选B。]
5．C　[根据上文“Years later，like my personal battle against disease，I learned a great deal about by overcoming difficulties．”可知，就像克服困难战胜病魔一样，作者克服困难学会了一些领导才能。且下文的“I learnt what true leadership is．”也是提示。故选C。]
6．C　[根据下文“I learnt what true leadership is．”可知，在组织各种活动时作者负责六名学生。故选C。]
7．A　[根据上文“I was the most advanced ESL student among the group，so I considered myself the most capable．”和转折词But可知，作者很快得到了教训。故选A。]
8．C　[根据下文“For our programme，we had many meetings，which gave
to many good ideas．”提示可知，作者对他的团队成员很严格，并且经常拒绝他们的想法。故选C。]
9．D　[help sb．with sth．帮助某人某事。根据上文“I performed most of their tasks myself”可知，作者自己完成了大部分的任务，只允许他们在小细节上帮助他。故选D。]
10．A　[根据上文“As a result，the presentation was not very successful”可知，挫折使作者气馁。故选A。]
11．C　[根据下文“for I realised that I had never trusted my own team members”可知，主管相信作者有在未来取得成功的能力。故选C。]
12．A　[根据下文“for I realised that I had never trusted my own team members”可知，主管的话让作者很惊讶，因为作者从来没有信任过自己的团队成员。故选A。]
13．B　[根据下文“allowing my team members to choose the tasks they desired and to complete them on their own”可知，作者立即改变了自己的策略。故选B。]
14．A　[根据上文“For our programme，we had many meetings”可知，作者通过很多会议，使得成员们产生了许多好的想法。故选A。]
15．D　[根据上文“I learnt what true leadership is．”可知，作者的经历无疑提高了自己处理挑战性问题的能力。故选D。]
Ⅴ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国游泳运动员Qian Hongyan的励志故事。
1．importantly　[考查副词。空格处用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，important的副词是importantly，more importantly意为“更重要的是”，故填importantly。]
2．for　[考查介词。for the first time是固定短语，意为“第一次”，因此空格处用介词for，故填for。]
3．Known　[考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是has been，空格处用非谓语动词，Qian和know之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词，表被动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Known。]
4．a　[考查冠词。accident是可数名词，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，car的发音以辅音音素开头，因此空格处用不定冠词a，故填a。]
5．which　[考查定语从句。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词half of a basketball是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。]
6．was　[考查时态和主谓一致。由in the beginning可知，句子描述过去的事情，空格处用过去式，主语it是单数，因此空格处是was，故填was。]
7．herself　[考查反身代词。句子表示“没有双腿，让她自己浮在水面上似乎是一项不可能完成的任务”，空格处意为“她自己”，用反身代词herself。故填herself。]
8．becoming　[考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是improved，空格处用非谓语动词，Qian和become之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此空格处用动词ing形式，表主动，故填becoming。]
9．ninth　[考查序数词。根据语境可知，句子表示“她在女子100米蛙泳中获得第九名”，空格处表示“第九”，用序数词ninth。故填ninth。]
10．to come　[考查不定式。hope后的宾语从句中谓语是will keep pushing her limits and have a great life，空格处用非谓语动词，句子表示“在未来的岁月里拥有美好的生活”，空格处用不定式表将来，作后置定语，故填to come。]
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