资源简介 英语 选择性必修 第三册[RJ]Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义1．graph n. 图；图表；曲线图2．methane n. 甲烷；沼气3．carbon n. 碳4．dioxide n. 二氧化物5．carbon dioxide 二氧化碳6．fossil n. 化石7．fuel n. 燃料；刺激性言行8．fossil fuel 化石燃料(如煤或石油)9．policy n. 政策；方针；原则10．footprint n. 足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积二、核心单词：写出英文单词1．starve vi.& vt. (使)挨饿；饿死2．release vt.& n. 排放；释放；发布3．worldwide adv. 遍及全球地 adj. 世界各地的；影响全世界的4．trend n. 趋势；趋向；动向5．broadcast vt.& vi. 播送；广播；传播 n. 广播节目；电视节目6．restrict vt. 限制；限定；束缚7．seize vt. 抓住；夺取；控制三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换(可查字典)1．emission n. 排放物；散发物；排放→emit v. 发出；射出；散发2．melt vi.& vt. (使)融化；熔化；软化→melting adj. 感人的；可同情的3．ecology n. 生态；生态学→ecological adj. 生态的；生态学的→ecologist n. 生态学家4．habitable adj. 适合居住的→habitat n. (动植物的)生活环境；栖息地5．sustain vt. 维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj. 可持续的；合理利用的6．comprehensive adj. 全部的；所有的；详尽的→comprehension n. 理解力；领悟能力→comprehend v. 理解；领悟→comprehensively adv. 全面地，彻底地7．frequently adv. 频繁地；经常→frequent adj. 频繁的；经常发生的 vt. 常去，常到(某处)→frequency n. 频率；发生率四、熟词生义：写出熟义seal 熟义：n. 海豹生义：vt. 封上(信封)；密封(容器)；确定，使成定局 n. 保证；信物课文三维剖析CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION气候变化需要全世界的关注We have known about climate change for decades. There is little doubt that１ Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with２ melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate. 我们了解气候变化已有数十年之久了。毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。海洋和大气变暖，以及冰层融化、海平面上升，都为全球气候急剧变化提供了依据。 １引导同位语从句，解释说明名词doubt的具体内容 ２连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就远原则” In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that３ was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who４ found its dead body, all that５ remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert who６ has studied polar bears for many years said that７ from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died８. Experts claimed that９ low sea ice levels caused by climate change10 meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so11 it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how12 the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth's ecology. 2013年，在挪威的北极圈斯瓦尔巴群岛的一个岛上，(人们)发现了一只死亡的北极熊，这张新闻图片令许多人感到震惊。据发现北极熊尸体的科学家说，这只北极熊仅剩“皮包骨”。一位长期研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只北极熊像是饿死的。专家称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物。这一令人惊恐的案例反映了气温上升对地球生态造成的影响。 ３引导定语从句，修饰先行词bear ４引导定语从句，修饰先行词scientists ５引导定语从句，修饰先行词all ６引导定语从句，修饰先行词expert ７引导宾语从句 ８动词不定式短语作表语 ９引导宾语从句 10过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰low sea ice levels 11引导结果状语从句 12引导宾语从句Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”13, which14 has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to15 the fact that16 heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and17 warms Earth's surface as short wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide18, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable19. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the “man made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and20 causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly. 那么，到底是什么导致全球平均地表温度上升呢？气候科学家常常会提到一个关键的气候过程——“温室效应”；它有两个常见的含义：“天然”温室效应和“人造”温室效应。“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。这一热量以更大的波长被释放回大气层。大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体困住了部分热量，从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。然而，“人造”温室效应现在却成为一个大问题。当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生了大量额外的温室气体，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地表温度迅速上升。 13过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词process 14引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词greenhouse__effect 15refer to意为“指的是，涉及，与……相关”，其中to为介词 16引导同位语从句，补充说明the fact的具体内容 17连接两个并列谓语动词enters和warms 18作Greenhouse gases的同位语 19现在分词短语作结果状语 20连接两个并列谓语动词is__trapped和causes There is strong and comprehensive evidence that21 the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also22 costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that23 if24 we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and25 heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses26. 确凿、全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且使人丧命。气候学家已发出警告：如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去，而我们将为此付出更大的代价。事实上，有关极端暴风雨和热浪造成死亡和经济损失的新闻报道已屡见不鲜。 21引导同位语从句，补充说明名词evidence的具体内容 22not only ... but also ... 连接两个现在分词短语causing__serious__damage和costing__human__lives作结果状语 23引导宾语从句 24引导条件状语从句 25连接两个名词rainstorms和heatwaves作介词about的宾语 26现在分词短语作后置定语Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and27 taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It28 is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because29 this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet30. So what will you do to help 27连接两个动名词短语making__policies和taking__appropriate__actions__and__measures作consider的宾语 28作形式主语，不定式短语to seize every ... 是真正的主语 29引导原因状语从句 30现在分词短语作后置定语 温室气体的持续排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖，并带来持久的变化。这需要全世界人的关注。各国政府需考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施以减少温室气体的排放。作为个人，我们可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。那么，你会做些什么来贡献力量呢？阅读领悟(一)填空并连线(二)完成气候变化的思维导图(三)问题链1．What do you think may have caused the global temperature rise The__greenhouse__effect.2．What evidence of climate change can you find A__warming__ocean_and_atmosphere__along__with__melting__ice__and__rising__sea__levels.3．How can individuals reduce “carbon footprint”？Take__public_transport/buy_the_recycled__products/recycle__bottles/paper/plastic__bags__...__探究一 热词1.starve vi.& vt. (使)挨饿；饿死(教材P26)starving adj. 极饿的；挨饿的 starvation n. 饥饿；挨饿；饿死 starve sb/sth of/for sth 使某人(或事物)得不到所需要的 starve sb out (of sth) 用饥饿迫使某人屈服；饿死某人 starve for sth 渴望得到某物 starve to death 饿死①Apart from anything else I was starving.别的不说，我快饿死了。②Twenty million people face starvation unless a vast emergency aid programme is launched.除非启动大规模的紧急援助计划，否则2，000万人将面临饥饿问题。③The department has been starved of resources.这个部门一直缺少资金。④I starve for your help in such condition.在这样的情况下我渴望得到你的帮助。⑤They'll either die from the cold or starve to death.他们要么冻死，要么饿死。单句语法填空①Over three hundred people have died of starvation (starve) since the beginning of the year.②People starved of/for sleep start to lose their concentration and may hallucinate.③We had no foods to eat, so many people had starved to death.④The starving (starve) children were a pathetic sight.完成句子⑤生活在偏远地区的孩子们渴望获得知识。The children who live in the remote area starve__for__knowledge.2.release vt.& n. 排放；释放；发布；发行，上映；松开(教材P27) release ... from ... 把……从……放出/解脱出来 release from ... 从……中的释放 release of ……的发布/释放①Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage.消防员花了两个小时将司机从汽车残骸中救出。(紧急救援)②Her early release from prison led to a demonstration.她的提前出狱引发了一场示威游行。③I noticed a release of tension when he left the room.当他离开房间时，我注意到他紧张的情绪有所缓解。单句语法填空①He was released from a hospital last week after treatment for a disease.②There are strict rules on the release of official information.翻译③他的一本新书将于下月出版。One__of__his__new__books__will__be__released__next__month.3.restrict vt. 限制；限定；束缚(教材P27)restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束 restrictive adj. 限制性的；约束的 restricted adj. 有限的，很小的；受限制的 restrict ... to ... 把……限制在…… restrict oneself/sb to (doing) sth 限制/约束自己/某人不越出……的范围 lift/remove a restriction (on sth) 撤销(对某事的)限制 impose/place a restriction (on sth) (对某事)实行限制 be restricted to ... 仅限于……①He is self employed because he finds working for other people too restrictive.他自己当老板，因为他觉得给别人打工太受限制。②The French restricted Japanese imports to a maximum of 3 per cent of their market.法国把日本进口限制在其市场的3%以内。③Why don't you restrict yourself to setting down the facts 你为什么不限制自己只陈述事实呢？④The government has agreed to lift restrictions on press freedom.政府已经同意撤销对新闻自由的限制。⑤Discipline problems are by no means restricted to children in families dependent on benefits.绝不只是依靠救济金生活的家庭中的孩子才有纪律问题。单句语法填空①There are no restrictions (restrict) on the amount of money you can withdraw.②This is a restrictive (restrict) area because there's a “NO PARKING” sign over there.③She restricted herself to drinking (drink) a cup of coffee a day.④Access to the club is restricted to members only.翻译⑤我们可以将每组成员的数量限制为9人。We__can__restrict__the__number__of__members__per__group__to__nine.4.seize vt. 抓住；夺取；控制(教材P27) seize sth from sb 从某人手中夺走某物 seize sb by the ... 抓住某人某部位 seize up (身体)发僵；停止运转；发生故障 seize on/upon 抓住(可利用的事物)，突然大为关注 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会①Maggie seized the letter from her.马吉从她手中夺走了那封信。(动作描写)②He seized her by the arm.他抓住了她的胳膊。(动作描写)③We are all born flexible but as we grow older, we tend to seize up a little.我们生来就很灵活，但随着年龄的增长，手脚会变得有些僵硬。④We are willing to work with all related parties to seize opportunities to develop the Belt and Road Initiative.我们愿与各方共同努力，抓住机遇，发展“一带一路”倡议。单句语法填空①The monkey tried to seize the apple from a tourist, but failed.②If you think your idea has potential, seize on/upon it straight away.③When the slowdown eventually came, that financial system seized up．完成句子④五一即将来临，我们想抓住这个机会，欣赏一下盘山的美景。With May Day on the horizon, we__would__like__to__seize__the__opportunity to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Mt Panshan.⑤他还没来得及逃跑，她就抓住了他的衣领。Before he could run away, she__seized__him__by__the__collar．5．ecology n. 生态；生态学→ecological adj. 生态的，生态学的→ecologist n. 生态学家The ecologist studies the interactions between organisms and their environment in different ecosystems to understand the ecological balance and sustainability of our planet.生态学家研究不同生态系统中的生物与其环境之间的相互作用，以了解我们星球的生态平衡和可持续性。6．sustain vt. 维持；遭受；承受住；支撑→sustainable adj. 可持续的；合理利用的To ensure the long term health of our planet, it is essential to adopt sustainable practices that will help sustain the natural environment for future generations.为了确保我们星球的长期健康，采取可持续的做法至关重要，这将有助于为后代维持自然环境。7．comprehensive adj. 全部的；所有的；详尽的→comprehension n. 理解力；领悟能力→comprehend v. 理解；领悟→comprehensively adv. 全面地，彻底地The professor's comprehensive lecture helped me to comprehend the complex subject matter more comprehensively.这位教授详尽的讲座帮助我更加彻底地理解了这一复杂的主题内容。8．frequently adv. 频繁地；经常→frequent adj. 频繁的，经常发生的 vt. 常去，常到(某处)→frequency n. 频率；发生率I frequently visit the local bookstore, and I frequent it with such regularity that the owner knows my name and the frequency of my visits.我经常去当地的书店，我如此频繁地光顾它，以至于店主知道我的名字和我来访的频率。单句语法填空①Protecting the environment is crucial for maintaining ecological (ecology) balance and ensuring the survival of many species.②Adopting renewable energy sources is essential for creating a sustainable (sustain) future for our planet.③I frequently (frequent) borrow books for my research projects from the library.完成句子④她使每个人都兴趣盎然，直到听她演讲结束。She managed to sustain__everyone's__interest until the end of her speech.⑤我将永远也不会理解她为什么那么做。I'll__never__comprehend why she did what she did.９ seal[熟义]n. 海豹 [生义]vt. 封上(信封)；密封(容器)；确定，使成定局 n. 保证；信物①The dark head of a seal bobbed up a few yards away.在几码远处一只海豹的黑脑袋猛地钻出水面。②Make sure you've signed the cheque before sealing the envelope.一定要在支票上签了名后再封上信封。③The nuts are kept in sealed plastic bags.坚果被保存在密封的塑料袋里。④They drank a glass of wine to seal their new friendship.他们干了一杯，交成朋友。同义词替换①I looked upon the gift as a seal on our friendship.mark翻译②新发现的证据决定了他的命运。The__discovery__of__new__evidence__sealed__his__fate.③这些纸将被用来封住墙壁的洞。The__paper__will__be__used__for__sealing__up__holes__in__walls.探究二 长难句分析10.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph)．(教材P26) 毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。【分析】 There is little/no doubt that ... 为固定句型，意为“毫无/几乎没有疑问……”，其中that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt 的具体内容。doubt其他常用搭配 no/without/beyond doubt 无疑地；必定；当然 in doubt 怀疑；拿不定主意；不确定；不确定状态 have/make no doubt of ... 对……毫不怀疑 throw/cast doubt on/upon ... 对……产生怀疑 There is some doubt whether ... 对是否……有些疑问①There is little doubt that things will improve in the not too distant future.毫无疑问，事情在不远的将来会有所改观。②He is, without doubt, worthy of all the honors he has been given.毫无疑问，他配得上给予他的所有荣誉。③When in doubt, call the doctor.如有疑问，请致电医生。④Elizabeth had no doubt at all of his ability to do the job.伊丽莎白对他做这项工作的能力毫不怀疑。⑤New evidence has cast doubt on the guilt of the man jailed for the crime.新的证据使人们对因犯罪入狱的那名男子的罪行产生了怀疑。 通常doubt用在否定句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句；doubt用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句，一般不用if替换whether。单句语法填空①Five minutes from the end, the outcome of the match was still in doubt.②This new information does throw doubt on/upon their choice.翻译③我们是否能在最后期限前完成任务还有些疑问。There__is__some__doubt__whether__we__can__complete__the__task__before__the__deadline.④毫无疑问，如今汉语是世界上最重要的语言之一。There__is__no__doubt__that__today__Chinese__is__one__of__the__most__important__languages__in__the__world.维度一 高频词汇(一)写出下列单词和短语的英文1．methane n. 甲烷；沼气2．fossil n. 化石3．carbon n. 碳4．ecology n. 生态；生态学5．graph n. 图；图表；曲线图6．climate__change 气候变化7．along__with 连同……一起8．be__shocked__by__...__ 被……震惊9．have__an__impact__on/upon__...__ 对……有影响10．be__trapped__in__...__ 被困在……里面(二)写出下列句子中加黑部分的汉语释义1．A woman picks them up and seals them in plastic bags.密封2．He released the handbrake and the car jumped forwards.松开3．Whole communities starved to death during the long drought.挨饿4．We all need to look for ways to reduce our carbon footprint.足迹5．The love and support of his family sustained him during his time in prison.支撑维度二 语境运用(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容1．Rising carbon emissions (emit) are a global concern.2．The findings suggest that caloric restriction (restrict) could delay aging.3．The well fed don't know how the starving (starve) suffer.4．His loyalty to his friends is never in doubt.5．We frequently (frequent) shy away from making decisions.(四)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的加黑部分restrict, worldwide, seize, frequently, sustain1．After the divorce, their father still maintained close contact with the boys.sustained2．While different cultures have different moral standards, some standards are universal.worldwide3．The teacher was angry because a student continually interrupted him during the lesson.frequently4．Please grasp every opportunity to express your strong point and put your heart into it.seize5．The amount of money you have to spend will limit your choice.restrict维度三 能力提升(五)长难句分析(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable 句意：现在，这些观测结果的数量超出了来自物理标本的原始数据，由于我们越来越多地使用观测数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗？分析：本句主干是These observations now outnumber the primary data and I wanted to know：Are they usable that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the primary data；since引导原因状语从句，how引导宾语从句，作investigate的宾语。(六)句型转换1．She appeared that she had known the result of the competition as she showed no surprise at all when I told her that she had won first prize.(改为动词不定式短语的完成式)→She__appeared__to__have__known the result of the competition as she showed no surprise at all when I told her that she had won first prize.2．I rushed to the station in a hurry, only to find the train had already gone.(改为现在分词短语作结果状语)→I rushed to the station in a hurry, finding__the__train__had__already__gone．维度四 素养提升(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子1．I was__shocked__by (被……震惊) the beauty of the sunset at the beach and took lots of photos.2．The inspiring speech must have__a__great__impact__on/upon (对……产生巨大影响) the students' future aspirations.3．He turned off only to find he was__trapped__in (被困在……里面) a town square with no easy exit.(八)翻译1．我们应该抓住每一个学习和成长的机会。(seize)We__should__seize__every__opportunity__to__learn__and__grow.2．毫无疑问，气候变化是一个紧迫的全球性问题。(There's no doubt that ... )There's__no__doubt__that__climate__change__is__an__urgent__global__issue.课后课时作业(一)较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ难度 ★★ ★ ★Ⅰ 完形填空(2024·浙江省三锋联盟高二下联考)Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The __1__ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the __2__ of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories, I'm __3__ about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.However, I soon discovered that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of __4__ among tons of rubbish. I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are __5__ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be __6__．The best of a Kilimanjaro __7__， in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This __8__ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters, __9__ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather __10__—low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I __11__ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4，000 meters is the highland __12__： gravel (砾石), stones and rocks. __13__ you climb into an arctic like zone with __14__ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro deserve its __15__ as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace I found the opposite to be true.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者听说乞力马扎罗山被众多游客破坏得面目全非，对此将信将疑，于是亲自登山体验，却看到了全然相反的景象。1．A.crowds B．storiesC．reporters D．settlements答案：A解析：根据上文“Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro”可知，去乞力马扎罗山的人很多，所以拥挤的人群可能会破坏这个地方的美丽。故选A。2．A.age B．faceC．name D．position答案：B解析：根据上文“The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing”可知，山上的冰川消失，山体的面貌会发生变化。故选B。3．A.crazy B．doubtfulC．serious D．pessimistic答案：B解析：根据下文“other destinations are described as ‘purer’ natural experiences”及上文“lots of waste”可知，作者对这个地方被游客破坏得面目全非而感到怀疑。故选B。4．A.grass B．stonesC．camps D．equipment答案：C解析：根据上文“much has changed since the days of disturbing reports”和下文“I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths.”可推知，报道中说营地周围都是成堆的垃圾。故选C。5．A.new B．specialC．necessary D．significant答案：D解析：根据下文“but”可知，环境挑战虽然巨大，但还是取得了成功，上下文是转折关系。significant意为“重大的；显著的”。故选D。6．A.paying off B．blowing upC．fading away D．spreading out答案：A解析：根据上文“I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths.”可推知，地方政府作出的努力取得了成效，乞力马扎罗山的环境得到了改善。故选A。7．A.experiment B．experienceC．atmosphere D．intervention答案：B解析：根据下文“This __8__ is ... a few kilometers.”可知，此处讲述作者对登山过程的体验。故选B。8．A.view B．reasonC．quality D．purpose答案：A解析：上文“The best of a Kilimanjaro __7__， in my opinion, isn't reaching the top.”作者表明了自己的观点，根据下文“climbers go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers”可知，登乞力马扎罗山的过程中要穿过五个生态系统，证明了“最好的体验并不是登顶”这一观点。故选A。9．A.holding on to B．going back toC．living up to D．giving way to答案：D解析：根据上文“It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters”和下文“lands of low growing plants”可知，随着海拔的上升，山脚的热带雨林突然在3，000米处结束，让位给低矮植物。give way to意为“让位于”。故选D。10．A.changes B．permitsC．improves D．dominates答案：A解析：根据下文“low clouds envelope the mountainsides”可知，随着海拔的上升，天气发生了变化。故选A。11．A.add B．matchC．count D．imagine答案：C解析：根据下文“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数了数，有十二种深浅不一的绿色。故选C。12．A.lake B．roadC．desert D．village答案：C解析：根据下文“gravel (砾石), stones and rocks”可知，这是高原沙漠的地貌特征。故选C。13．A.Directly B．FinallyC．Obviously D．Frequently答案：B解析：根据下文“an arctic like zone”和“snow and the glaciers”可知，最后到达了山顶。故选B。14．A.fresh B．littleC．artificial D．permanent答案：D解析：根据上文“arctic like zone”可知，山顶类似北极，有永久的积雪和冰川。故选D。15．A.reward B．ecologyC．history D．reputation答案：D解析：根据下文“a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace”可知，这是作者亲自登乞力马扎罗山之前，新闻中报道的乞力马扎罗山的名声。deserve one's reputation意为“名副其实”。故选D。Ⅱ 阅读(2024·山西省长治市高二下月考)For generations, Nafisa Bayniyazova and her family have made a living growing melons, pumpkins and tomatoes on farms around the Aral Sea. Bayniyazova, 50, has spent most of her life near Muynak, in northwestern Uzbekistan, tending the land. Farm life was sometimes difficult but generally reliable and productive.Now, Bayniyazova and other residents say they're facing a disaster they can't beat: climate change, which is speeding up the decades long disappearance of the Aral, once the lifeblood for the thousands living around it.Decades ago, deep blue and filled with fish, the Aral was one of the world's largest inland bodies of water. Thousands of migrants from across Asia and Europe moved to the Aral's shores for jobs popping up everywhere from canning factories to luxury vacation resorts. Today, the few remaining towns sit quiet along the former seabed of the Aral—technically classified as a lake, due to its lack of a direct outlet to the ocean, though residents and officials call it a sea.Much of its early disappearance is due to human engineering and agricultural projects gone wrong, now paired with climate change. Summers are hotter and longer; winters, shorter and bitterly cold.Without the moderating influence of a large body of water to regulate the climate, dust storms began to blow through towns. Strong winds caused dunes (沙丘) to swallow entire towns, and abandoned buildings were filled with sand. A dozen fish species went extinct, and businesses closed down. “The fish factories closed, the ships were stuck in the harbor, and the workers all left，” said Madi Zhasekenov, former director of the Aral Sea Fisherman Museum in Aralsk, Kazakhstan. “It became only us locals.”On her Uzbekistan farm, Bayniyazova's family has dug an earthen well, hoping to hold on to the precious little water that's left. “If there is no water, it will be very difficult for people to live，” Bayniyazova said. “Now people are barely surviving.” She doesn't plan to leave her farm but yet knows more hardships are likely ahead.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化正在加速咸海的消失。1．How is Paragraph 3 developed A．By reasoning.B．By making comparison.C．By experimenting.D．By analyzing data.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Decades ago ... Today ...”可知，本段主要是通过对比几十年前和现在的咸海的状况展开的。故选B。2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 5 A．The number of fish in the Aral Sea is increasing.B．Madi Zhasekenov feels hopeful about his future.C．Local people around the Aral have lost their livelihoods.D．Madi Zhasekenov has adapted to the changing climate.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The fish factories closed ... workers all left”可推知，咸海周围的当地人失去了生计。故选C。3．How does Bayniyazova feel now A．Ashamed. B．Worried.C．Relieved. D．Embarrassed.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If there is ... are likely ahead.(‘如果没有水，人们的生活将非常困难，’ Bayniyazova (巴尼亚佐娃)说。‘现在人们几乎无法生存。’她不打算离开她的农场，但她知道未来可能还会有更多困难。)”可推知，Bayniyazova感到担忧。故选B。4．What is the best title for the text A．The Importance of the Aral SeaB．How to Deal with the Aral Sea DisasterC．We Will Face the Challenge of Adapting to Climate ChangeD．Climate Change Is Quickening the Disappearance of the Aral Sea答案：D解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段内容可知，文章主要介绍了气候变化正在加速咸海的消失。故选D。Ⅲ 语法填空(2024·湖北省武汉市武昌区高二下期末)Yang Chunlin, a shutterbug (摄影迷) in Qinghai Province, visits a wetland bordering the Yellow River every October to meet his long－acquainted friends: whooper swans (大天鹅), the number of __1__ jumped to over 100 from 30－plus when he first came to the area. “The wetland provides __2__ ideal living environment for whooper swans. The beautiful ‘swan lake’ has become a place for photography lovers __3__ (hang) about，” Yang said.Known as the “kidneys of the Earth”， wetlands can help safeguard biodiversity and cope __4__ climate change. China's wetlands conservation efforts have illustrated its genuine __5__ (commit) to ensuring harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.During the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14), __6__ (hold) in Wuhan and Switzerland's Geneva, China called for enhancing people's well－being __7__ (global) by leveraging (利用) the role of wetlands in promoting __8__ (sustain) development, tackling climate change, protecting biodiversity, and delivering more benefits to people around the world.“Through a series of ecological protection actions, China __9__ (demonstrate) the positive role of wetlands conservation in improving the living environment of humans, contributing more wisdom and solutions to __10__ (build) a community of all life on Earth，” said Lei Guangchun, a professor at Beijing Forestry University.1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国致力于人与自然和谐相处，并呼吁发挥湿地在促进可持续发展、应对气候变化、保护生物多样性方面的作用。1．答案：which解析：考查定语从句的引导词。此处为“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词whooper swans，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物。故填which。2．答案：an解析：考查冠词。句意：湿地为大天鹅提供了理想的生活环境。此处environment为泛指，应用不定冠词，且ideal的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。3．答案：to hang解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作后置定语，修饰place。故填to hang。4．答案：with解析：考查介词。句意：湿地被称为“地球之肾”，可以帮助保护生物多样性，应对气候变化。短语cope with表示“应对”。故填with。5．答案：commitment解析：考查词性转换。句意：中国的湿地保护工作表明，中国致力于人与自然和谐相处。设空处作宾语，且其前有its genuine修饰，应用名词commitment。故填commitment。6．答案：held解析：考查非谓语动词。hold与the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14)之间构成被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填held。7．答案：globally解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用副词globally修饰动词enhancing，作状语。故填globally。8．答案：sustainable解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词sustainable修饰名词development，作定语。故填sustainable。9．答案：has demonstrated解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，主语为China，助动词应用has。故填has demonstrated。10．答案：building解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词to的宾语，应用动名词。故填building。 精深阅读(2024·广东省深圳市龙岗区龙城高级中学高二下月考)When it comes to going green, intention can be easier than action. Case in point: you decide to buy a T shirt made from 100% organic cotton. But that green label doesn't tell the whole story—like the fact that even organic cotton requires more than 10，000 L of water to grow enough fibre for one T shirt. Or the possibility that the T shirt may have been dyed (染色) using harmful industrial chemicals. If you knew all that, would you still consider the T shirt green Would you still buy it It's a hard question to answer. That's because the global economy development is beyond our ability to comprehend the consequences—for ourselves and the planet. We are not prepared to understand the increasing impact of industrial chemicals on our children's health or the climate. And we lack the data to understand the full impact of what we choose.But what if we could calculate the full lifetime effect of our actions on the earth and on our bodies Not just carbon footprints but social and biological footprints as well What if we could think ecologically That's what psychologist Daniel Goleman describes in his forthcoming book, Ecological Intelligence. He compiles the environmental and biological impact of our every decision and delivers that information to consumers in a user friendly way. That's thinking ecologically—understanding the global environmental consequences of our local choices.Ecological intelligence is ultimately about more than what we buy. It's also about our ability to accept that we live in a closely connected world with limited resources. Goleman highlights the Tibetan community of Sher, where for thousands of years, villagers have survived severe conditions by carefully protecting every resource available to them. The Tibetans think ecologically because they have no other choice. Neither do we. “We once had the luxury to ignore our impacts，” says Goleman. “Not any more.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍并倡导了生态智能。1．Why is it hard for us to decide whether a T shirt is green or not A．The green label tells lies.B．We lack enough knowledge.C．The economy grows too slowly.D．We are misled by false data.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Case in point ... consider the T shirt green ”可推知，我们很难判定T恤是不是环保的是因为我们缺乏足够的知识。故选B。2．What does Ecological Intelligence encourage readers to do A．Increase carbon footprints.B．Give up regular consumption.C．Develop ecological thinking.D．Deliver information to customers.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“But what if we could calculate ... the global environmental consequences of our local choices.”可推知，《生态智能》鼓励读者培养生态思维能力。故选C。3．How do the Tibetans of Sher live A．By searching for new resources.B．By living on plentiful resources.C．By distributing resources reasonably.D．By treasuring their resources seriously.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Goleman highlights the Tibetan community of Sher ... by carefully protecting every resource available to them.”可知，谢尔的藏族人是通过非常珍惜他们的资源来生活的。故选D。4．What's the purpose of the text A．To instruct manufacturers how to go green.B．To introduce and advocate ecological intelligence.C．To warn people of the dangers of ecological crisis.D．To illustrate the origin of ecological intelligence.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“But what if we could calculate ... the global environmental consequences of our local choices.”和最后一段中的“Ecological intelligence is ... with limited resources.”可推知，这篇文章主要是为了介绍和倡导生态智能。故选B。精深阅读——好词句小练(一)热词1．intention n. 打算；意图2．comprehend v. 理解；领悟3．calculate vt. 计算，核算；预测，推测4．psychologist n. 心理学家；心理学研究者5．luxury n. 奢侈；奢华；奢侈品 adj. 奢华的(二)高频短语6．case in point 一个典型的案例7．beyond__one's__ability 超出某人的能力8．be__prepared__to__do__sth 准备好了去做某事9．the__impact__of__...__ ……的影响10．deliver__sth__to__sb 把某物传递给某人(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容1．There's a strong possibility (possible) that we'll lose the game.2．This chemical has a wide range of industrial (industry) uses.3．He didn't even have the intelligence (intelligent) to call for an ambulance.(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义4．I need to compile all the data from the experiments before I can analyze the results.汇集5．The explorers faced severe conditions during their journey through the frozen tundra (冻原)．极为恶劣的6．Ultimately, you'll have to make the decision yourself.最终(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分1．Dance has been neglected by television.ignored2．She requested that no one be told of her decision until the next meeting.required3．The approaching storm caused everyone to rush indoors.forthcoming(六)长难句分析That's because the global economy development is beyond our ability to comprehend the consequences—for ourselves and the planet.句意：这是因为全球经济的发展对我们自身和地球(的影响)都超出了我们的认知能力。分析：主干是That's__because__...；because引导表语从句，其中主语是the global economy development，表语是介词短语beyond our ability，动词不定式短语 to comprehend the consequences是后置定语，修饰ability。(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子1．What__if (要是……会怎么样呢) I forget to bring my phone to the meeting 2．The__increasing__impact__of (……日益增长的影响) technology on our daily lives is making it harder to disconnect.(八)仿写句子That's what psychologist Daniel Goleman describes in his forthcoming book, Ecological Intelligence. (That's what ... )仿写：这就是我喜欢住在城市里的原因：公共交通的便利性。That's__what__I__like__about__living__in__the__city:__the__convenience__of__public__transportation.课后课时作业(二)较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比40%) 拔高题(占比30%)题号 Ⅰ ⅡA B难度 ★ ★★ ★★★Ⅰ 阅读A(2024·河南省信阳市青桐鸣大联考高二下月考)Food accounts for one third of greenhouse gas emissions (排放量), but it does not yet get the attention it deserves. With global meat consumption on the rise, the truth is, we need to break bad habits before they break us. Plant based nutrition can deal with climate change in many ways.Did you know that one of the most effective ways to lower your carbon footprint is to eat a plant based diet NASA climate scientist Peter Kalmus documented his own personal experiment in low energy living in Being the Change: Live Well and Spark a Climate Revolution.He was able to reduce his personal carbon footprint tenfold, from 20 to 2 tons per year, by some lifestyle changes. Kalmus is a vegan (纯素食者), bikes to work, doesn't fly, is a keen gardener and hangs his clothes out to dry. He also found living mindfully made him feel happier and even halved his food bill. Kalmus says it's possible for the average person to cut their emissions easily. The average meat eater in the US emits 3，000 kg CO2 per year compared to 1，000 kg for vegans.Another way to deal with climate change is to grow your own food. “Some of the juiciest strawberries that satisfy my taste buds were grown at home last summer in hanging baskets using organic seeds，” Kalmus said. “As well as plenty of nutritious, cheap and delicious foods, growing my own food has allowed me to get to know my neighbors. We share seeds, wisdom, and tasty soup.” Besides, composting (制作堆肥) leftovers and yard waste diverts green matter from landfills that produce the greenhouse gas and instead can help build healthy soil.Globally, our meat and dairy heavy diet uses around half of habitable land on Earth to produce food. Nevertheless, with plant based diets, we could feed the world with one quarter of the land, allowing us to return vast areas of land to nature.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍如何利用植物性饮食习惯和自己种植食物减少碳排放量，应对气候变化。1．What is the purpose of eating a plant based diet according to the author A．To handle climate change.B．To reduce living costs.C．To draw public attention.D．To record carbon footprints.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Plant based nutrition can deal with climate change in many ways.”可知，采用植物性饮食习惯是为了应对气候变化。故选A。2．What can we learn about Peter Kalmus's new lifestyle A．It relieves him of mental stress.B．It slightly cuts the carbon footprint.C．It proves impossible for meat eaters to follow.D．It benefits individuals and the environment.答案：D解析：推理判断题。 根据第三段中的“He was able to ... halved his food bill.(通过一些生活方式的改变，他能够将个人的碳足迹减少十倍，从每年20吨减少到2吨。Kalmus (卡尔穆斯)是一个纯素食者，骑自行车上班，不坐飞机，是个热心的园丁，把衣服在外面晾干。他还发现，用心生活让他感觉更快乐，甚至把食物账单减半。)”可推知，Peter Kalmus采用的这种新的生活方式对个人和环境都有好处。故选D。3．Which of the following may Kalmus agree with A．Self grown food turns out to be of higher quality.B．Producing food has taken up half of the land on Earth.C．Growing food helps strengthen neighborhood relations.D．Greenhouse gas emissions have little to do with food consumption.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中Kalmus所说的“As well as plenty of ... and tasty soup.”可知，Kalmus可能认同“自己种植食物有助于加强邻里关系”的说法。故选C。4．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “diverts” in Paragraph 4 A．Develops. B．Redirects.C．Sends. D．Delivers.答案：B解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“composting (制作堆肥) leftovers ... the greenhouse gas”可知，垃圾被做成堆肥，不用进入垃圾填埋场进而产生温室气体，即改变了原本的路径，转变为对环境有利的用途。divert 意为“改道，改变……用途”。故选B。B(2024·广东省深圳市高二下联考)A librarian, whose name is Raden Roro Hendarti in Indonesia's Java island, is lending books to children in exchange for trash they collect in a special way to clean up the environment and get the kids to read more.Each weekday Raden Roro Hendarti fills up her three wheeler with books, and then she rides it to Muntang village. There she exchanges books with the children for plastic cups, bags and other waste that she carries back. She told Reuters (路透社) she is helping develop reading in the kids as well as make them aware of the environment. As soon as she shows up, little children, many accompanied by their mothers, surround her “Trash Library” and exchange for the books. They are all carrying trash bags and Raden's three wheeler quickly fills up with them as the books fly out. She's happy the kids are going to spend less time on online games as a result. “Let us build a culture of reading from young age to reduce the harm of the online world，” Raden said.She collects about 100 kg of waste each week, which is then sorted out by her colleagues and sent for recycling or sold. She has 6，000 books to lend and wants to take the mobile service to neighbouring areas as well. She hopes that more and more people can do something to help protect the environment.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了印尼爪哇岛一位名叫Raden Roro Hendarti (拉登·罗罗·亨达蒂)的图书管理员将书籍借给孩子们，以换取他们收集的垃圾，从而清洁环境并让孩子们多读书的故事。5．Why is Raden lending books to children in exchange for trash they collect A．To collect trash and fight against climate change.B．To teach children to save the earth by reading books.C．To protect the environment and help children read more.D．To introduce her books on protecting the earth to children.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，Raden把书借给孩子们，换取他们收集的垃圾以清洁环境，让孩子们多读书，由此可知，Raden把书借给孩子们是为了保护环境并帮助孩子们多读书。故选C。6．Which of the following word can best describe Raden A．Curious. B．Responsible.C．Hard working. D．Positive.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“She's happy ... Raden said.”可知，Raden看到孩子们花在网络游戏上的时间减少了，她很高兴，并呼吁人们从小建立阅读文化，减少网络世界的危害，再结合她通过让孩子们收集垃圾来保护环境，并让孩子们多读书可推知，Raden是一个很有责任心的人。故选B。7．From the text we can know that ________．A．the service is popular only among adultsB．Raden exchanges books two days a weekC．Raden may take the service to neighbouring areasD．the waste will be sorted out after recycling or sold答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“She has 6，000 books ... protect the environment.”可知，Raden想将这项移动服务推广到邻近地区，希望更多的人保护环境。故选C。8．What is the best title of this passage A．A Great LibrarianB．Trash for BooksC．Promotion for RecyclingD．More Reading, Less Online Games答案：B解析：标题判断题。文章主要介绍了图书管理员Raden Roro Hendarti让孩子们用垃圾换书以清洁环境并让孩子们多读书的故事，因此B项(垃圾换书)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。Ⅱ 读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。(2024·山东名校考试联盟高二下期中)Eli, a passionate high school student about environmental conservation, was eager to participate in the annual Science Fair, an event where students showcase their science projects to the audience, and make a significant contribution. However, he struggled with self doubt, uncertain if he could create a project that would truly stand out.Fortunately, Eli's advisor, Mr Keats, a man in his 40s known for his enthusiasm and willingness to assist, recognized his hesitation and offered guidance and support. He saw potential in Eli and encouraged him to pursue his passion for environmental conservation. With Mr Keats's help, Eli gradually gained confidence in his abilities. Eli's friends, Joey and Marylin, also played a crucial role in his journey to success. Both grew up in the neighboring area, attended the same school, and shared Eli's dedication to environmental conservation. Together, they brainstormed ideas and provided emotional support, keeping Eli motivated and focused on his project.As the Science Fair drew nearer, Eli invested all his energy into creating a project that would raise awareness about environmental conservation. With Mr Keats's guidance and his friends' support, Eli overcame his lack of confidence and came up with a fantastic idea of a remarkable project.However, just when Eli thought everything was going smoothly, he encountered a setback. His initial project idea faced unexpected challenges, and worse still, Eli didn't have a plan B. Doubts and frustration resurfaced, posing a threat to his progress. Joey and Marylin noticed Eli was in low spirits and asked him what had happened. Frustratedly, Eli told them about the project, adding that maybe he would never make it. Immediately, they understood that Eli needed more than just words of encouragement; he needed support and a community to lean on. Without hesitation, they offered their shoulders to lean on and ears to listen.During this difficult time, Mr Keats also offered his support and encouraged Eli to view the setback as an opportunity for growth and innovation. This encouragement fueled Eli's determination. With their help, Eli regained his confidence and determination to overcome the obstacles in his path.注意：1．续写词数应为150个左右；2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Under Mr Keats's guidance, Eli worked tirelessly to develop a new project plan. The day of the Science Fair finally arrived, and Eli was ready. 写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了高中生Eli (伊莱)对环境保护充满热情，在他充满热情地挑战科学博览会时，却遇到了困难，在导师Keats (济慈)的指导下，Eli的新计划实施如何？比赛结果又如何？[精彩范文]Under Mr Keats's guidance, Eli worked tirelessly to develop a new project plan. He was committed to creating a plan that would not only solve the initial challenges but also stand out from the competition. Mr Keats advised Eli to break the problem down into small parts to figure out the solution quickly. Together, they discussed potential solutions and refined their ideas until they were sure they had found the perfect approach. Eli knew that this project was his best shot at winning the competition, and he were ready to present it to the judges with confidence. The day of the Science Fair finally arrived, and Eli was ready. His project, an interactive display that educated visitors about the importance of conservation and featured interactive games, was a hit with everyone who visited. To Eli's disbelief and delight, his project was named the winner of the Science Fair. He owed a debt of gratitude to Mr Keats, Joey, and Marylin for their unwavering support and belief in him. Eli's experience showed that anyone can overcome self doubt, achieve their goals, and make a meaningful difference in the world. 精深阅读(2024·浙江省宁波市酇州中学高二下校考)Every order of takeout comes with a side of single use plastics and each plastic fork, knife, spoon and straw—whether or not you wanted it or used it—ends up in the trash.New research found that 139 million metric tons of single use plastic waste was generated in 2021—six million metric tons more single use plastics compared to 2019. A hunger for takeout meals during that time contributed to the surge． An estimated 60% of Americans order takeout or delivery at least once a week and online ordering is growing 300% faster than in house dining; that means millions of single use plastic utensils (餐具) are going out with every order.New laws aim to address the problem. Some of the recent bills are thanks to The National Reuse Network, part of the environmental nonprofit Upstream, which launched a national Skip the Stuff campaign to work out policies that require restaurants to include single use plastic utensils, straws, and napkins only when customers request them.The bills also require meal delivery and online apps like Uber Eats, GrubHub and Door Dash to add single use extras to their menus; customers can choose the items and quantities to have them included in the order. Customers that don't order the single use plastics won't receive them. The goal of the bills is to reduce the 40 billion plastic utensils sent to the landfill every year. “Most of the time, people are taking food home or to their offices where there are reusable utensils so these utensils wind up in a drawer or get thrown out，” says Alexis Goldsmith, national organizing director for a nationwide project Beyond Plastics. “Some people do need utensils, but for the most part, they're not needed.”To date, Skip the Stuff bills have been passed in several cities, including Denver, Washington, D．C.and Chicago. California and Washington state passed statewide bills that make single use plastic “accessories” available with takeout orders only upon request. Organizations like Upstream, Beyond plastics and NRDC have created toolkits to help additional communities launch their own Skip the Stuff campaigns.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料垃圾问题及为此发起的“Skip the Stuff”运动。1．What does the underlined word “surge” in Paragraph 2 probably mean A．Great desire. B．Sharp decline.C．Rapid increase. D．Obvious panic.答案：C解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“New research found that ... compared to 2019.”可知，2021年与2019年相比，一次性塑料垃圾增加了600万公吨。由此可推知，那时候人们对外卖的渴望促成了这一激增。画线词指的是“迅速增加”。故选C。2．According to the Skip the Stuff campaign, what can be done by restaurants A．Choosing green products.B．Adding single use napkins.C．Recycling and reusing utensils.D．Providing utensils only on request.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“New laws aim to address ... only when customers request them.”可知，根据Skip the Stuff运动，餐厅只有在顾客要求时才提供餐具。故选D。3．What's the purpose of the recent new bills A．To reduce plastic waste.B．To stop bad eating habits.C．To encourage people to eat out.D．To better the dining environment.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The goal of the bills ... the landfill every year.”可知，新法案的目标是减少每年送往垃圾填埋场的400亿件塑料餐具，也就是减少塑料垃圾。故选A。4．What would Goldsmith probably think of the Skip the Stuff campaign A．Unimportant. B．Damaging.C．Much needed. D．Well known.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第六段“Most of the time, people are ... they're not needed.”可知，Alexis Goldsmith (亚历克西斯·戈德史密斯)认为大多数餐具最终会被浪费，由此可推知，他会认为“Skip the Stuff”运动是非常有必要的。故选C。精深阅读——好词句小练(一)热词1．order n. 点餐，订购2．single use adj. 一次性(使用)的3．takeout n. (商店、餐馆的)外卖4．nonprofit n. 非营利性组织 adj. 非营利的5．quantity n. 数量，数目；大量，大批(二)高频短语6．compared__to 与……相比7．contribute__to 促成；对……有贡献8．wind up 以……告终(或终结)9．to__date 迄今为止10．upon__request 应要求(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容1．I need some additional (addition) time to finish this project.2．The pizza delivery (deliver) arrived just as we were getting hungry.3．She bought some new accessories (accessory) for her outfit, including a matching hat and scarf.(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义4．The city is considering using a new landfill site for waste disposal.垃圾填埋场5．The company is planning to launch an investigation into the case.发起6．The nationwide survey showed a significant increase in voter turnout this year.全国性的(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分1．The number of traffic accidents has decreased significantly since the new traffic laws were implemented.reduced2．We need to settle the problem of climate change head on if we want to save our planet. address3．The value of the property was assessed by a professional appraiser (估价者) before the sale.estimated(六)长难句分析Some of the recent bills are thanks to The National Reuse Network, part of the environmental nonprofit Upstream, which launched a national Skip the Stuff campaign to work out policies that require restaurants to include single use plastic utensils, straws, and napkins only when customers request them.句意：最近的一些法案得益于环保非营利组织Upstream旗下的全国再利用网络，该组织发起了全国“拒绝一次性用品”运动，旨在制定政策，要求餐厅仅在顾客要求时才提供一次性塑料餐具、吸管和餐巾纸。分析：主干是Some__of__the__...__The__National__Reuse__Network；part of the environmental nonprofit Upstream作The National Reuse Network的同位语；which引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明Upstream；动词不定式短语to work out policies作目的状语；that引导定语从句，修饰policies；when 引导时间状语从句。(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子1．Her hard work and dedication contributed__to (促成) the success of the project.2．I was at a disadvantage compared__to (与……相比) the younger members of the team.(八)仿写句子Some people do need utensils, but for the most part, they're not needed.(助动词表示强调)仿写：为了实现我们的目标，我们确实需要与同事们有效合作。In__order__to__achieve__our__goals,__we__do__need__to__cooperate__effectively__with__our__colleagues.1(共145张PPT)WELCOME UNITUNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION单元主题：人与自然——环境保护Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking预习检测 词汇打卡自主学习 课文语篇目录CONTENTS12合作探究 课时重点3对点练习 巩固所学4课后课时作业(一)5课后课时作业(二)6预习检测 词汇打卡一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义1．graph n. _______________2．methane n. ___________3．carbon n. ____4．dioxide n. ___________5．carbon dioxide ___________6．fossil n. _______7．fuel n. ________________8．fossil fuel _____________________9．policy n. _______________10．footprint n. _____________________________图;图表;曲线图甲烷;沼气碳二氧化物二氧化碳化石燃料;刺激性言行化石燃料(如煤或石油)政策;方针;原则足迹;(某物所占的)空间量;面积二、核心单词：写出英文单词1．_______vi.& vt. (使)挨饿；饿死2．_______ vt.& n. 排放；释放；发布3．_________ adv. 遍及全球地 adj. 世界各地的；影响全世界的4．_____ n. 趋势；趋向；动向5．_________ vt.& vi. 播送；广播；传播 n. 广播节目；电视节目6．______ vt. 限制；限定；束缚7．_____ vt. 抓住；夺取；控制starvereleaseworldwidetrendbroadcastrestrictseize三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换(可查字典)1．emission n. 排放物；散发物；排放→______ v. 发出；射出；散发2．melt vi.& vt. (使)融化；熔化；软化→_______ adj. 感人的；可同情的3．ecology n. 生态；生态学→__________ adj. 生态的；生态学的→________ n. 生态学家4．habitable adj. 适合居住的→________ n. (动植物的)生活环境；栖息地5．sustain vt. 维持；遭受；承受住→___________ adj. 可持续的；合理利用的6．comprehensive adj. 全部的；所有的；详尽的→_____________ n. 理解力；领悟能力→____________ v. 理解；领悟→______________ adv. 全面地，彻底地7．frequently adv. 频繁地；经常→________ adj. 频繁的；经常发生的 vt. 常去，常到(某处)→__________ n. 频率；发生率emitmeltingecologicalecologisthabitatsustainablecomprehensioncomprehendcomprehensivelyfrequentfrequency四、熟词生义：写出熟义seal 熟义：n. ________生义：vt. 封上(信封)；密封(容器)；确定，使成定局 n. 保证；信物海豹自主学习 课文语篇We have known about climate change for decades. There is little doubt that１ Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with２ melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.课文三维剖析１引导_______从句，解释说明名词doubt的具体内容２连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“__________”同位语CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION气候变化需要全世界的关注就远原则我们了解气候变化已有数十年之久了。毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。海洋和大气变暖，以及冰层融化、海平面上升，都为全球气候急剧变化提供了依据。３引导____从句，修饰先行词bear４引导定语从句，修饰先行词_________５引导定语从句，修饰先行词all６引导______从句，修饰先行词expert７引导______从句８动词不定式短语作______In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that３ was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who４ found its dead body, all that５ remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert who６ has studied polar bears for many years said that７ from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died８.定语scientists定语宾语表语９引导_______从句10 过去分词短语作________，修饰low sea ice levels11 引导__________从句12 引导______从句Experts claimed that９ low sea ice levels caused by climate change10 meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so11 it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how12 the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth's ecology.宾语后置定语结果状语宾语2013年，在挪威的北极圈斯瓦尔巴群岛的一个岛上，(人们)发现了一只死亡的北极熊，这张新闻图片令许多人感到震惊。据发现北极熊尸体的科学家说，这只北极熊仅剩“皮包骨”。一位长期研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只北极熊像是饿死的。专家称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物。这一令人惊恐的案例反映了气温上升对地球生态造成的影响。13 过去分词短语作________，修饰名词process14 引导______________从句，修饰先行词________________15 refer to意为“指的是，涉及，与……相关”，其中to为介词16 引导________从句，补充说明the fact的具体内容17 连接两个并列谓语动词______和_______Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”13, which14 has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to15 the fact that16 heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and17 warms Earth's surface as short wave radiation.后置定语非限制性定语greenhouse effect同位语enterswarms18 作Greenhouse gases的______19 现在分词短语作__________20连接两个并列谓语动词__________和______The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide18, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable19. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the “man made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and20 causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly.同位语结果状语is trappedcauses那么，到底是什么导致全球平均地表温度上升呢？气候科学家常常会提到一个关键的气候过程——“温室效应”；它有两个常见的含义：“天然”温室效应和“人造”温室效应。“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。这一热量以更大的波长被释放回大气层。大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体困住了部分热量，从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。然而，“人造”温室效应现在却成为一个大问题。当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生了大量额外的温室气体，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地表温度迅速上升。21 引导_______从句，补充说明名词evidence的具体内容22 not only ... but also ... 连接两个现在分词短语_____________________和__________________作_________23 引导________从句24 引导__________从句There is strong and comprehensive evidence that21 the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also22 costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that23 if24 we do not take appropriate actions,同位语causing serious damagecosting human lives结果状语宾语条件状语25 连接两个名词____________和_____________作介词about的宾语26 现在分词短语作__________this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and25 heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses26.rainstormsheatwaves后置定语确凿、全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且使人丧命。气候学家已发出警告：如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去，而我们将为此付出更大的代价。事实上，有关极端暴风雨和热浪造成死亡和经济损失的新闻报道已屡见不鲜。27连接两个动名词短语_______________和____________________________________作consider的宾语Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and27 taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.making policiestaking appropriate actions and easures28 作__________，不定式短语to seize every ... 是真正的主语29 引导___________从句30 现在分词短语作__________It28 is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because29 this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet30. So what will you do to help 形式主语原因状语后置定语温室气体的持续排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖，并带来持久的变化。这需要全世界人的关注。各国政府需考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施以减少温室气体的排放。作为个人，我们可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。那么，你会做些什么来贡献力量呢？(一)填空并连线阅读领悟答案rise in temperaturethe increaseto reducing greenhouse gas emissionsdramatic climate change(二)完成气候变化的思维导图naturalman-made答案extreme weathernatural disasters(三)问题链1．What do you think may have caused the global temperature rise ________________________________________________________________2．What evidence of climate change can you find _________________________________________________________________3．How can individuals reduce “carbon footprint”？___________________________________________________________________The greenhouse effect.A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels.答案Take public transport/buy the recycled products/recycle bottles/paper/plastic bags ...合作探究 课时重点探究一 热词1.starve vi.& vt. (使)挨饿；饿死(教材P26) starving adj. 极饿的；挨饿的 starvation n. 饥饿；挨饿；饿死 starve sb/sth of/for sth 使某人(或事物)得不到所需要的 starve sb out (of sth) 用饥饿迫使某人屈服；饿死某人 starve for sth 渴望得到某物 starve to death 饿死①Apart from anything else I was starving.别的不说，我快饿死了。②Twenty million people face starvation unless a vast emergency aid programme is launched.除非启动大规模的紧急援助计划，否则2，000万人将面临饥饿问题。③The department has been starved of resources.这个部门一直缺少资金。④I starve for your help in such condition.在这样的情况下我渴望得到你的帮助。⑤They'll either die from the cold or starve to death.他们要么冻死，要么饿死。【学会运用】单句语法填空①Over three hundred people have died of __________ (starve) since the beginning of the year.②People starved _______sleep start to lose their concentration and may hallucinate.③We had no foods to eat, so many people had starved ___death.④The _______ (starve) children were a pathetic sight.【学会表达】完成句子⑤生活在偏远地区的孩子们渴望获得知识。The children who live in the remote area____________________.starvationof/fortostarvingstarve for knowledge2.release vt.& n. 排放；释放；发布；发行，上映；松开(教材P27) release ... from ... 把……从……放出/解脱出来 release from ... 从……中的释放 release of ……的发布/释放①Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage.消防员花了两个小时将司机从汽车残骸中救出。(紧急救援)②Her early release from prison led to a demonstration.她的提前出狱引发了一场示威游行。③I noticed a release of tension when he left the room.当他离开房间时，我注意到他紧张的情绪有所缓解。【学会运用】单句语法填空①He was released _____ a hospital last week after treatment for a disease.②There are strict rules on the release ___ official information.【学会表达】翻译③他的一本新书将于下月出版。__________________________________________fromofOne of his new books will be released next month.3.restrict vt. 限制；限定；束缚(教材P27) restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束 restrictive adj. 限制性的；约束的 restricted adj. 有限的，很小的；受限制的 restrict ... to ... 把……限制在…… restrict oneself/sb to (doing) sth 限制/约束自己/某人不越出……的范围 lift/remove a restriction (on sth) 撤销(对某事的)限制 impose/place a restriction (on sth) (对某事)实行限制 be restricted to ... 仅限于……①He is self employed because he finds working for other people too restrictive.他自己当老板，因为他觉得给别人打工太受限制。②The French restricted Japanese imports to a maximum of 3 per cent of their market.法国把日本进口限制在其市场的3%以内。③Why don't you restrict yourself to setting down the facts 你为什么不限制自己只陈述事实呢？④The government has agreed to lift restrictions on press freedom.政府已经同意撤销对新闻自由的限制。⑤Discipline problems are by no means restricted to children in families dependent on benefits.绝不只是依靠救济金生活的家庭中的孩子才有纪律问题。【学会运用】单句语法填空①There are no __________ (restrict) on the amount of money you can withdraw.②This is a __________ (restrict) area because there's a “NO PARKING” sign over there.③She restricted herself to ________ (drink) a cup of coffee a day.④Access to the club is restricted ___members only.【学会表达】翻译⑤我们可以将每组成员的数量限制为9人。________________________________________________restrictionsrestrictivedrinkingtoWe can restrict the number of members per group to nine.4.seize vt. 抓住；夺取；控制(教材P27) seize sth from sb 从某人手中夺走某物 seize sb by the ... 抓住某人某部位 seize up (身体)发僵；停止运转；发生故障 seize on/upon 抓住(可利用的事物)，突然大为关注 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会①Maggie seized the letter from her.马吉从她手中夺走了那封信。(动作描写)②He seized her by the arm.他抓住了她的胳膊。(动作描写)③We are all born flexible but as we grow older, we tend to seize up a little.我们生来就很灵活，但随着年龄的增长，手脚会变得有些僵硬。④We are willing to work with all related parties to seize opportunities to develop the Belt and Road Initiative.我们愿与各方共同努力，抓住机遇，发展“一带一路”倡议。【学会运用】单句语法填空①The monkey tried to seize the apple _____a tourist, but failed.②If you think your idea has potential, seize _________it straight away.③When the slowdown eventually came, that financial system seized ___．【学会表达】完成句子④五一即将来临，我们想抓住这个机会，欣赏一下盘山的美景。With May Day on the horizon, ________________________________to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Mt Panshan.⑤他还没来得及逃跑，她就抓住了他的衣领。Before he could run away, ________________________．fromon/uponupwe would like to seize the opportunityshe seized him by the collar5．ecology n. 生态；生态学→_________ adj. 生态的，生态学的→_________ n. 生态学家ecologicalecologistThe ecologist studies the interactions between organisms and their environment in different ecosystems to understand the ecological balance and sustainability of our planet.生态学家研究不同生态系统中的生物与其环境之间的相互作用，以了解我们星球的生态平衡和可持续性。To ensure the long term health of our planet, it is essential to adopt sustainable practices that will help sustain the natural environment for future generations.为了确保我们星球的长期健康，采取可持续的做法至关重要，这将有助于为后代维持自然环境。6．sustain vt. 维持；遭受；承受住；支撑→___________ adj. 可持续的；合理利用的sustainableThe professor's comprehensive lecture helped me to comprehend the complex subject matter more comprehensively.这位教授详尽的讲座帮助我更加彻底地理解了这一复杂的主题内容。7．comprehensive adj. 全部的；所有的；详尽的→comprehension n. 理解力；领悟能力→___________ v. 理解；领悟→_______________ adv. 全面地，彻底地comprehendcomprehensively8．frequently adv. 频繁地；经常→__________ adj. 频繁的，经常发生的 vt. 常去，常到(某处)→__________ n. 频率；发生率frequentfrequencyI frequently visit the local bookstore, and I frequent it with such regularity that the owner knows my name and the frequency of my visits.我经常去当地的书店，我如此频繁地光顾它，以至于店主知道我的名字和我来访的频率。【学会运用】单句语法填空①Protecting the environment is crucial for maintaining ___________(ecology) balance and ensuring the survival of many species.②Adopting renewable energy sources is essential for creating a ______________(sustain) future for our planet.③I ____________(frequent) borrow books for my research projects from the library.ecologicalsustainablefrequently【学会表达】完成句子④她使每个人都兴趣盎然，直到听她演讲结束。She managed to _________________________ until the end of her speech.⑤我将永远也不会理解她为什么那么做。____________________why she did what she did.sustain everyone’s interestI’ll never comprehend９ seal[熟义]n. 海豹[生义]vt. _______________________________________n. ______________封上(信封)；密封(容器)；确定,使成定局保证；信物①The dark head of a seal bobbed up a few yards away.在几码远处一只海豹的黑脑袋猛地钻出水面。②Make sure you've signed the cheque before sealing the envelope.一定要在支票上签了名后再封上信封。③The nuts are kept in sealed plastic bags.坚果被保存在密封的塑料袋里。④They drank a glass of wine to seal their new friendship.他们干了一杯，交成朋友。【学会运用】同义词替换①I looked upon the gift as a seal on our friendship.________【学会表达】翻译②新发现的证据决定了他的命运。________________________________________③这些纸将被用来封住墙壁的洞。___________________________________________markThe discovery of new evidence sealed his fate.The paper will be used for sealing up holes in walls.探究二 长难句分析10.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph)．(教材P26)毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。【分析】 There is little/no doubt that ... 为固定句型，意为“毫无/几乎没有疑问……”，其中that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt 的具体内容。doubt其他常用搭配 no/without/beyond doubt 无疑地；必定；当然 in doubt 怀疑；拿不定主意；不确定；不确定状态 have/make no doubt of ... 对……毫不怀疑 throw/cast doubt on/upon ... 对……产生怀疑 There is some doubt whether ... 对是否……有些疑问①There is little doubt that things will improve in the not too distant future.毫无疑问，事情在不远的将来会有所改观。②He is, without doubt, worthy of all the honors he has been given.毫无疑问，他配得上给予他的所有荣誉。③When in doubt, call the doctor.如有疑问，请致电医生。④Elizabeth had no doubt at all of his ability to do the job.伊丽莎白对他做这项工作的能力毫不怀疑。⑤New evidence has cast doubt on the guilt of the man jailed for the crime.新的证据使人们对因犯罪入狱的那名男子的罪行产生了怀疑。通常doubt用在否定句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句；doubt用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句，一般不用if替换whether。【学会运用】单句语法填空①Five minutes from the end, the outcome of the match was still ___ doubt.②This new information does throw doubt _______ their choice.【学会表达】翻译③我们是否能在最后期限前完成任务还有些疑问。______________________________________________________________④毫无疑问，如今汉语是世界上最重要的语言之一。______________________________________________________________________inon/uponThere is some doubt whether we can complete the task before the deadline.There is no doubt that today Chinese is one of the most important languages in the world.对点练习 巩固所学维度一 高频词汇(一)写出下列单词和短语的英文1．_______ n. 甲烷；沼气2．_____ n. 化石3．______ n. 碳4．_______ n. 生态；生态学5．______ n. 图；图表；曲线图methanefossilcarbonecologygraph6．______________ 气候变化7．__________ 连同……一起8．________________ 被……震惊9．_______________________ 对……有影响10．______________ 被困在……里面climate changealong withbe shocked by ...have an impact on/upon ...be trapped in ...(二)写出下列句子中加黑部分的汉语释义1．A woman picks them up and seals them in plastic bags.________2．He released the handbrake and the car jumped forwards.________3．Whole communities starved to death during the long drought.______4．We all need to look for ways to reduce our carbon footprint.________5．The love and support of his family sustained him during his time in prison.________密封松开挨饿足迹支撑维度二 语境运用(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容1．Rising carbon ________ (emit) are a global concern.2．The findings suggest that caloric __________ (restrict) could delay aging.3．The well fed don't know how the ________ (starve) suffer.4．His loyalty to his friends is never ___ doubt.5．We _________ (frequent) shy away from making decisions.emissionsrestrictionstarvinginfrequently(四)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的加黑部分1．After the divorce, their father still maintained close contact with the boys.__________2．While different cultures have different moral standards, some standards are universal.___________3．The teacher was angry because a student continually interrupted him during the lesson. __________4．Please grasp every opportunity to express your strong point and put your heart into it._______5．The amount of money you have to spend will limit your choice.________sustainedworldwidefrequentlyseizerestrictrestrict, worldwide, seize, frequently, sustain维度三 能力提升(五)长难句分析(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable 句意：现在，这些观测结果的数量超出了来自物理标本的原始数据，由于我们越来越多地使用观测数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗？分析：本句主干是These observations now outnumber the primary data and I wanted to know：Are they usable that引导______从句，修饰先行词the primary data；since引导_________从句，how引导_____从句，作investigate的______。定语原因状语宾语宾语(六)句型转换1．She appeared that she had known the result of the competition as she showed no surprise at all when I told her that she had won first prize.(改为动词不定式短语的完成式)→________________________ the result of the competition as she showed no surprise at all when I told her that she had won first prize.2．I rushed to the station in a hurry, only to find the train had already gone.(改为现在分词短语作结果状语)→I rushed to the station in a hurry, ____________________________．维度四 素养提升She appeared to have knownfinding the train had already gone(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子1．I _______________ (被……震惊) the beauty of the sunset at the beach and took lots of photos.2．The inspiring speech must ________________________ (对……产生巨大影响) the students' future aspirations.3．He turned off only to find he ______________ (被困在……里面) a town square with no easy exit.was shocked byhave a great impact on/uponwas trapped in(八)翻译1．我们应该抓住每一个学习和成长的机会。(seize)____________________________________________2．毫无疑问，气候变化是一个紧迫的全球性问题。(There's no doubt that ... )___________________________________________________We should seize every opportunity to learn and grow.There’s no doubt that climate change is an urgent global issue.课后课时作业（一）较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ难度 ★★ ★ ★Ⅰ 完形填空(2024·浙江省三锋联盟高二下联考)Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The __1__ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the __2__ of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories, I'm __3__ about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.However, I soon discovered that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of __4__ among tons of rubbish. I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are __5__ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be __6__．The best of a Kilimanjaro __7__， in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This __8__ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters, __9__ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather __10__—low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I __11__ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4，000 meters is the highland __12__： gravel (砾石), stones and rocks. __13__ you climb into an arctic like zone with __14__ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro deserve its __15__ as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace I found the opposite to be true.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者听说乞力马扎罗山被众多游客破坏得面目全非，对此将信将疑，于是亲自登山体验，却看到了全然相反的景象。篇章导读1．A.crowds B．storiesC．reporters D．settlements2．A.age B．faceC．name D．position解析：根据上文“Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro”可知，去乞力马扎罗山的人很多，所以拥挤的人群可能会破坏这个地方的美丽。故选A。答案解析解析：根据上文“The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing”可知，山上的冰川消失，山体的面貌会发生变化。故选B。3．A.crazy B．doubtfulC．serious D．pessimistic4．A.grass B．stonesC．camps D．equipment解析：根据下文“other destinations are described as ‘purer’ natural experiences”及上文“lots of waste”可知，作者对这个地方被游客破坏得面目全非而感到怀疑。故选B。答案解析解析：根据上文“much has changed since the days of disturbing reports”和下文“I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths.”可推知，报道中说营地周围都是成堆的垃圾。故选C。5．A.new B．specialC．necessary D．significant6．A.paying off B．blowing upC．fading away D．spreading out解析：根据下文“but”可知，环境挑战虽然巨大，但还是取得了成功，上下文是转折关系。significant意为“重大的；显著的”。故选D。答案解析解析：根据上文“I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths.”可推知，地方政府作出的努力取得了成效，乞力马扎罗山的环境得到了改善。故选A。7．A.experiment B．experienceC．atmosphere D．intervention8．A.view B．reasonC．quality D．purpose解析：根据下文“This __8__ is ... a few kilometers.”可知，此处讲述作者对登山过程的体验。故选B。答案解析解析：上文“The best of a Kilimanjaro __7__， in my opinion, isn't reaching the top.”作者表明了自己的观点，根据下文“climbers go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers”可知，登乞力马扎罗山的过程中要穿过五个生态系统，证明了“最好的体验并不是登顶”这一观点。故选A。9．A.holding on to B．going back toC．living up to D．giving way to10．A.changes B．permitsC．improves D．dominates解析：根据上文“It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters”和下文“lands of low growing plants”可知，随着海拔的上升，山脚的热带雨林突然在3，000米处结束，让位给低矮植物。give way to意为“让位于”。故选D。答案解析解析：根据下文“low clouds envelope the mountainsides”可知，随着海拔的上升，天气发生了变化。故选A。11．A.add B．matchC．count D．imagine12．A.lake B．roadC．desert D．village解析：根据下文“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数了数，有十二种深浅不一的绿色。故选C。答案解析解析：根据下文“gravel (砾石), stones and rocks”可知，这是高原沙漠的地貌特征。故选C。13．A.Directly B．FinallyC．Obviously D．Frequently14．A.fresh B．littleC．artificial D．permanent解析：根据下文“an arctic like zone”和“snow and the glaciers”可知，最后到达了山顶。故选B。答案解析解析：根据上文“arctic like zone”可知，山顶类似北极，有永久的积雪和冰川。故选D。15．A.reward B．ecologyC．history D．reputation解析：根据下文“a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace”可知，这是作者亲自登乞力马扎罗山之前，新闻中报道的乞力马扎罗山的名声。deserve one's reputation意为“名副其实”。故选D。答案解析Ⅱ 阅读(2024·山西省长治市高二下月考)For generations, Nafisa Bayniyazova and her family have made a living growing melons, pumpkins and tomatoes on farms around the Aral Sea. Bayniyazova, 50, has spent most of her life near Muynak, in northwestern Uzbekistan, tending the land. Farm life was sometimes difficult but generally reliable and productive.Now, Bayniyazova and other residents say they're facing a disaster they can't beat: climate change, which is speeding up the decades long disappearance of the Aral, once the lifeblood for the thousands living around it.Decades ago, deep blue and filled with fish, the Aral was one of the world's largest inland bodies of water. Thousands of migrants from across Asia and Europe moved to the Aral's shores for jobs popping up everywhere from canning factories to luxury vacation resorts. Today, the few remaining towns sit quiet along the former seabed of the Aral—technically classified as a lake, due to its lack of a direct outlet to the ocean, though residents and officials call it a sea.Much of its early disappearance is due to human engineering and agricultural projects gone wrong, now paired with climate change. Summers are hotter and longer; winters, shorter and bitterly cold.Without the moderating influence of a large body of water to regulate the climate, dust storms began to blow through towns. Strong winds caused dunes (沙丘) to swallow entire towns, and abandoned buildings were filled with sand. A dozen fish species went extinct, and businesses closed down. “The fish factories closed, the ships were stuck in the harbor, and the workers all left，” said Madi Zhasekenov, former director of the Aral Sea Fisherman Museum in Aralsk, Kazakhstan. “It became only us locals.”On her Uzbekistan farm, Bayniyazova's family has dug an earthen well, hoping to hold on to the precious little water that's left. “If there is no water, it will be very difficult for people to live，” Bayniyazova said. “Now people are barely surviving.” She doesn't plan to leave her farm but yet knows more hardships are likely ahead.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化正在加速咸海的消失。篇章导读1．How is Paragraph 3 developed A．By reasoning.B．By making comparison.C．By experimenting.D．By analyzing data.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Decades ago ... Today ...”可知，本段主要是通过对比几十年前和现在的咸海的状况展开的。故选B。答案解析2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 5 A．The number of fish in the Aral Sea is increasing.B．Madi Zhasekenov feels hopeful about his future.C．Local people around the Aral have lost their livelihoods.D．Madi Zhasekenov has adapted to the changing climate.解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The fish factories closed ... workers all left”可推知，咸海周围的当地人失去了生计。故选C。答案解析3．How does Bayniyazova feel now A．Ashamed. B．Worried.C．Relieved. D．Embarrassed.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If there is ... are likely ahead.(‘如果没有水，人们的生活将非常困难，’ Bayniyazova (巴尼亚佐娃)说。‘现在人们几乎无法生存。’她不打算离开她的农场，但她知道未来可能还会有更多困难。)”可推知，Bayniyazova感到担忧。故选B。答案解析4．What is the best title for the text A．The Importance of the Aral SeaB．How to Deal with the Aral Sea DisasterC．We Will Face the Challenge of Adapting to Climate ChangeD．Climate Change Is Quickening the Disappearance of the Aral Sea解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段内容可知，文章主要介绍了气候变化正在加速咸海的消失。故选D。答案解析Ⅲ 语法填空(2024·湖北省武汉市武昌区高二下期末)Yang Chunlin, a shutterbug (摄影迷) in Qinghai Province, visits a wetland bordering the Yellow River every October to meet his long－acquainted friends: whooper swans (大天鹅), the number of __1__ jumped to over 100 from 30－plus when he first came to the area. “The wetland provides __2__ ideal living environment for whooper swans. The beautiful ‘swan lake’ has become a place for photography lovers __3__ (hang) about，” Yang said.Known as the “kidneys of the Earth”， wetlands can help safeguard biodiversity and cope __4__ climate change. China's wetlands conservation efforts have illustrated its genuine __5__ (commit) to ensuring harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.During the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14), __6__ (hold) in Wuhan and Switzerland's Geneva, China called for enhancing people's well－being __7__ (global) by leveraging (利用) the role of wetlands in promoting __8__ (sustain) development, tackling climate change, protecting biodiversity, and delivering more benefits to people around the world.“Through a series of ecological protection actions, China __9__ (demonstrate) the positive role of wetlands conservation in improving the living environment of humans, contributing more wisdom and solutions to __10__ (build) a community of all life on Earth，” said Lei Guangchun, a professor at Beijing Forestry University.1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国致力于人与自然和谐相处，并呼吁发挥湿地在促进可持续发展、应对气候变化、保护生物多样性方面的作用。篇章导读1．答案：which解析：考查定语从句的引导词。此处为“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词whooper swans，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物。故填which。答案解析2．答案：an解析：考查冠词。句意：湿地为大天鹅提供了理想的生活环境。此处environment为泛指，应用不定冠词，且ideal的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。3．答案： to hang解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作后置定语，修饰place。故填to hang。答案解析4．答案： with解析：考查介词。句意：湿地被称为“地球之肾”，可以帮助保护生物多样性，应对气候变化。短语cope with表示“应对”。故填with。5．答案： commitment解析：考查词性转换。句意：中国的湿地保护工作表明，中国致力于人与自然和谐相处。设空处作宾语，且其前有its genuine修饰，应用名词commitment。故填commitment。答案解析6．答案： held解析：考查非谓语动词。hold与the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14)之间构成被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填held。7．答案：globally解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用副词globally修饰动词enhancing，作状语。故填globally。答案解析8．答案： sustainable解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词sustainable修饰名词development，作定语。故填sustainable。9．答案： has demonstrated解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，主语为China，助动词应用has。故填has demonstrated。答案解析10．答案： building解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词to的宾语，应用动名词。故填building。(2024·广东省深圳市龙岗区龙城高级中学高二下月考)When it comes to going green, intention can be easier than action. Case in point: you decide to buy a T shirt made from 100% organic cotton. But that green label doesn't tell the whole story—like the fact that even organic cotton requires more than 10，000 L of water to grow enough fibre for one T shirt. Or the possibility that the T shirt may have been dyed (染色) using harmful industrial chemicals. If you knew all that, would you still consider the T shirt green Would you still buy it 精深阅读It's a hard question to answer. That's because the global economy development is beyond our ability to comprehend the consequences—for ourselves and the planet. We are not prepared to understand the increasing impact of industrial chemicals on our children's health or the climate. And we lack the data to understand the full impact of what we choose.But what if we could calculate the full lifetime effect of our actions on the earth and on our bodies Not just carbon footprints but social and biological footprints as well What if we could think ecologically That's what psychologist Daniel Goleman describes in his forthcoming book, Ecological Intelligence. He compiles the environmental and biological impact of our every decision and delivers that information to consumers in a user friendly way. That's thinking ecologically—understanding the global environmental consequences of our local choices.Ecological intelligence is ultimately about more than what we buy. It’s also about our ability to accept that we live in a closely connected world with limited resources. Goleman highlights the Tibetan community of Sher, where for thousands of years, villagers have survived severe conditions by carefully protecting every resource available to them. The Tibetans think ecologically because they have no other choice. Neither do we. “We once had the luxury to ignore our impacts，” says Goleman. “Not any more.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍并倡导了生态智能。篇章导读1．Why is it hard for us to decide whether a T shirt is green or not A．The green label tells lies.B．We lack enough knowledge.C．The economy grows too slowly.D．We are misled by false data.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Case in point ... consider the T shirt green ”可推知，我们很难判定T恤是不是环保的是因为我们缺乏足够的知识。故选B。答案解析2．What does Ecological Intelligence encourage readers to do A．Increase carbon footprints.B．Give up regular consumption.C．Develop ecological thinking.D．Deliver information to customers.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“But what if we could calculate ... the global environmental consequences of our local choices.”可推知，《生态智能》鼓励读者培养生态思维能力。故选C。答案解析3．How do the Tibetans of Sher live A．By searching for new resources.B．By living on plentiful resources.C．By distributing resources reasonably.D．By treasuring their resources seriously.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Goleman highlights the Tibetan community of Sher ... by carefully protecting every resource available to them.”可知，谢尔的藏族人是通过非常珍惜他们的资源来生活的。故选D。答案解析4．What's the purpose of the text A．To instruct manufacturers how to go green.B．To introduce and advocate ecological intelligence.C．To warn people of the dangers of ecological crisis.D．To illustrate the origin of ecological intelligence.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“But what if we could calculate ... the global environmental consequences of our local choices.”和最后一段中的“Ecological intelligence is ... with limited resources.”可推知，这篇文章主要是为了介绍和倡导生态智能。故选B。答案解析精深阅读——好词句小练(一)热词1．_________ n. 打算；意图2．comprehend v. _____________3．__________ vt. 计算，核算；预测，推测4．psychologist n. _________________________5．_______ n. 奢侈；奢华；奢侈品 adj. 奢华的intention理解；领悟calculate心理学家；心理学研究者luxury(二)高频短语6．case in point___________________7．__________________ 超出某人的能力8．___________________ 准备好了去做某事9．________________ ……的影响10．_______________ 把某物传递给某人一个典型的案例beyond one's abilitybe prepared to do sththe impact of …deliver sth to sb(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容1．There's a strong ___________ (possible) that we'll lose the game.2．This chemical has a wide range of __________ (industry) uses.3．He didn't even have the ____________ (intelligent) to call for an ambulance.possibilityindustrialintelligence(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义4．I need to compile all the data from the experiments before I can analyze the results.______5．The explorers faced severe conditions during their journey through the frozen tundra (冻原)．____________6．Ultimately, you’ll have to make the decision yourself.______汇集极为恶劣的最终(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分1．Dance has been neglected by television.__________2．She requested that no one be told of her decision until the next meeting._______3．The approaching storm caused everyone to rush indoors.____________ignoredrequiredrequire， forthcoming， ignoreforthcoming(六)长难句分析That's because the global economy development is beyond our ability to comprehend the consequences—for ourselves and the planet.句意：这是因为全球经济的发展对我们自身和地球(的影响)都超出了我们的认知能力。分析：主干是_________________；because引导_______从句，其中______是the global economy development，________是介词短语beyond our ability，动词不定式短语 to comprehend the consequences是___________，修饰ability。That’s because ...表语主语表语后置定语(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子1．__________ (要是……会怎么样呢) I forget to bring my phone to the meeting 2．_______________________ (……日益增长的影响) technology on our daily lives is making it harder to disconnect.(八)仿写句子That's what psychologist Daniel Goleman describes in his forthcoming book, Ecological Intelligence. (That's what ... )仿写：这就是我喜欢住在城市里的原因：公共交通的便利性。____________________________________________________________________What ifThe increasing impact ofThat’s what I like about living in the city: the convenience of public transportation.课后课时作业（二）较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比40%) 拔高题(占比30%)题号 Ⅰ ⅡA B 难度 ★ ★★ ★★★Ⅰ 阅读A(2024·河南省信阳市青桐鸣大联考高二下月考)Food accounts for one third of greenhouse gas emissions (排放量), but it does not yet get the attention it deserves. With global meat consumption on the rise, the truth is, we need to break bad habits before they break us. Plant based nutrition can deal with climate change in many ways.Did you know that one of the most effective ways to lower your carbon footprint is to eat a plant based diet NASA climate scientist Peter Kalmus documented his own personal experiment in low energy living in Being the Change: Live Well and Spark a Climate Revolution.He was able to reduce his personal carbon footprint tenfold, from 20 to 2 tons per year, by some lifestyle changes. Kalmus is a vegan (纯素食者), bikes to work, doesn't fly, is a keen gardener and hangs his clothes out to dry. He also found living mindfully made him feel happier and even halved his food bill. Kalmus says it's possible for the average person to cut their emissions easily. The average meat eater in the US emits 3，000 kg CO2 per year compared to 1，000 kg for vegans.Another way to deal with climate change is to grow your own food. “Some of the juiciest strawberries that satisfy my taste buds were grown at home last summer in hanging baskets using organic seeds，” Kalmus said. “As well as plenty of nutritious, cheap and delicious foods, growing my own food has allowed me to get to know my neighbors. We share seeds, wisdom, and tasty soup.” Besides, composting (制作堆肥) leftovers and yard waste diverts green matter from landfills that produce the greenhouse gas and instead can help build healthy soil.Globally, our meat and dairy heavy diet uses around half of habitable land on Earth to produce food. Nevertheless, with plant based diets, we could feed the world with one quarter of the land, allowing us to return vast areas of land to nature.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍如何利用植物性饮食习惯和自己种植食物减少碳排放量，应对气候变化。篇章导读1．What is the purpose of eating a plant based diet according to the author A．To handle climate change.B．To reduce living costs.C．To draw public attention.D．To record carbon footprints.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Plant based nutrition can deal with climate change in many ways.”可知，采用植物性饮食习惯是为了应对气候变化。故选A。答案解析2．What can we learn about Peter Kalmus's new lifestyle A．It relieves him of mental stress.B．It slightly cuts the carbon footprint.C．It proves impossible for meat eaters to follow.D．It benefits individuals and the environment.解析：推理判断题。 根据第三段中的“He was able to ... halved his food bill.(通过一些生活方式的改变，他能够将个人的碳足迹减少十倍，从每年20吨减少到2吨。Kalmus (卡尔穆斯)是一个纯素食者，骑自行车上班，不坐飞机，是个热心的园丁，把衣服在外面晾干。他还发现，用心生活让他感觉更快乐，甚至把食物账单减半。)”可推知，Peter Kalmus采用的这种新的生活方式对个人和环境都有好处。故选D。答案解析3．Which of the following may Kalmus agree with A．Self grown food turns out to be of higher quality.B．Producing food has taken up half of the land on Earth.C．Growing food helps strengthen neighborhood relations.D．Greenhouse gas emissions have little to do with food consumption.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中Kalmus所说的“As well as plenty of ... and tasty soup.”可知，Kalmus可能认同“自己种植食物有助于加强邻里关系”的说法。故选C。答案解析4．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “diverts” in Paragraph 4 A．Develops. B．Redirects.C．Sends. D．Delivers.解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“composting (制作堆肥) leftovers ... the greenhouse gas”可知，垃圾被做成堆肥，不用进入垃圾填埋场进而产生温室气体，即改变了原本的路径，转变为对环境有利的用途。divert 意为“改道，改变……用途”。故选B。答案解析B(2024·广东省深圳市高二下联考)A librarian, whose name is Raden Roro Hendarti in Indonesia’s Java island, is lending books to children in exchange for trash they collect in a special way to clean up the environment and get the kids to read more.Each weekday Raden Roro Hendarti fills up her three wheeler with books, and then she rides it to Muntang village. There she exchanges books with the children for plastic cups, bags and other waste that she carries back. She told Reuters (路透社) she is helping develop reading in the kids as well as make them aware of the environment. As soon as she shows up, little children, many accompanied by their mothers, surround her “Trash Library” and exchange for the books.They are all carrying trash bags and Raden’s three wheeler quickly fills up with them as the books fly out. She’s happy the kids are going to spend less time on online games as a result. “Let us build a culture of reading from young age to reduce the harm of the online world，” Raden said.She collects about 100 kg of waste each week, which is then sorted out by her colleagues and sent for recycling or sold. She has 6，000 books to lend and wants to take the mobile service to neighbouring areas as well. She hopes that more and more people can do something to help protect the environment.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了印尼爪哇岛一位名叫Raden Roro Hendarti (拉登·罗罗·亨达蒂)的图书管理员将书籍借给孩子们，以换取他们收集的垃圾，从而清洁环境并让孩子们多读书的故事。篇章导读5．Why is Raden lending books to children in exchange for trash they collect A．To collect trash and fight against climate change.B．To teach children to save the earth by reading books.C．To protect the environment and help children read more.D．To introduce her books on protecting the earth to children.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，Raden把书借给孩子们，换取他们收集的垃圾以清洁环境，让孩子们多读书，由此可知，Raden把书借给孩子们是为了保护环境并帮助孩子们多读书。故选C。答案解析6．Which of the following word can best describe Raden A．Curious. B．Responsible.C．Hard working. D．Positive.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“She's happy ... Raden said.”可知，Raden看到孩子们花在网络游戏上的时间减少了，她很高兴，并呼吁人们从小建立阅读文化，减少网络世界的危害，再结合她通过让孩子们收集垃圾来保护环境，并让孩子们多读书可推知，Raden是一个很有责任心的人。故选B。答案解析7．From the text we can know that ________．A．the service is popular only among adultsB．Raden exchanges books two days a weekC．Raden may take the service to neighbouring areasD．the waste will be sorted out after recycling or sold解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“She has 6，000 books ... protect the environment.”可知，Raden想将这项移动服务推广到邻近地区，希望更多的人保护环境。故选C。答案解析8．What is the best title of this passage A．A Great LibrarianB．Trash for BooksC．Promotion for RecyclingD．More Reading, Less Online Games解析：标题判断题。文章主要介绍了图书管理员Raden Roro Hendarti让孩子们用垃圾换书以清洁环境并让孩子们多读书的故事，因此B项(垃圾换书)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。答案解析Ⅱ 读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。(2024·山东名校考试联盟高二下期中)Eli, a passionate high school student about environmental conservation, was eager to participate in the annual Science Fair, an event where students showcase their science projects to the audience, and make a significant contribution. However, he struggled with self doubt, uncertain if he could create a project that would truly stand out.Fortunately, Eli’s advisor, Mr Keats, a man in his 40s known for his enthusiasm and willingness to assist, recognized his hesitation and offered guidance and support. He saw potential in Eli and encouraged him to pursue his passion for environmental conservation. With Mr Keats’s help, Eli gradually gained confidence in his abilities.Eli's friends, Joey and Marylin, also played a crucial role in his journey to success. Both grew up in the neighboring area, attended the same school, and shared Eli's dedication to environmental conservation. Together, they brainstormed ideas and provided emotional support, keeping Eli motivated and focused on his project.As the Science Fair drew nearer, Eli invested all his energy into creating a project that would raise awareness about environmental conservation. With Mr Keats’s guidance and his friends’ support, Eli overcame his lack of confidence and came up with a fantastic idea of a remarkable project.However, just when Eli thought everything was going smoothly, he encountered a setback. His initial project idea faced unexpected challenges, and worse still, Eli didn't have a plan B. Doubts and frustration resurfaced, posing a threat to his progress. Joey and Marylin noticed Eli was in low spirits and asked him what had happened. Frustratedly, Eli told them about the project, adding that maybe he would never make it. Immediately, they understood that Eli needed more than just words of encouragement; he needed support and a community to lean on. Without hesitation, they offered their shoulders to lean on and ears to listen.During this difficult time, Mr Keats also offered his support and encouraged Eli to view the setback as an opportunity for growth and innovation. This encouragement fueled Eli's determination. With their help, Eli regained his confidence and determination to overcome the obstacles in his path.注意：1．续写词数应为150个左右；2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Under Mr Keats's guidance, Eli worked tirelessly to develop a new project plan. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍The day of the Science Fair finally arrived, and Eli was ready. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了高中生Eli (伊莱)对环境保护充满热情，在他充满热情地挑战科学博览会时，却遇到了困难，在导师Keats (济慈)的指导下，Eli的新计划实施如何？比赛结果又如何？写前导读[精彩范文]Under Mr Keats's guidance, Eli worked tirelessly to develop a new project plan. He was committed to creating a plan that would not only solve the initial challenges but also stand out from the competition. Mr Keats advised Eli to break the problem down into small parts to figure out the solution quickly. Together, they discussed potential solutions and refined their ideas until they were sure they had found the perfect approach. Eli knew that this project was his best shot at winning the competition, and he were ready to present it to the judges with confidence.答案The day of the Science Fair finally arrived, and Eli was ready. His project, an interactive display that educated visitors about the importance of conservation and featured interactive games, was a hit with everyone who visited. To Eli's disbelief and delight, his project was named the winner of the Science Fair. He owed a debt of gratitude to Mr Keats, Joey, and Marylin for their unwavering support and belief in him. Eli's experience showed that anyone can overcome self doubt, achieve their goals, and make a meaningful difference in the world.答案精深阅读(2024·浙江省宁波市酇州中学高二下校考)Every order of takeout comes with a side of single use plastics and each plastic fork, knife, spoon and straw—whether or not you wanted it or used it—ends up in the trash.New research found that 139 million metric tons of single use plastic waste was generated in 2021—six million metric tons more single use plastics compared to 2019. A hunger for takeout meals during that time contributed to the surge．An estimated 60% of Americans order takeout or delivery at least once a week and online ordering is growing 300% faster than in house dining; that means millions of single use plastic utensils (餐具) are going out with every order.New laws aim to address the problem. Some of the recent bills are thanks to The National Reuse Network, part of the environmental nonprofit Upstream, which launched a national Skip the Stuff campaign to work out policies that require restaurants to include single use plastic utensils, straws, and napkins only when customers request them.The bills also require meal delivery and online apps like Uber Eats, GrubHub and Door Dash to add single use extras to their menus; customers can choose the items and quantities to have them included in the order. Customers that don’t order the single use plastics won’t receive them. The goal of the bills is to reduce the 40 billion plastic utensils sent to the landfill every year.“Most of the time, people are taking food home or to their offices where there are reusable utensils so these utensils wind up in a drawer or get thrown out，” says Alexis Goldsmith, national organizing director for a nationwide project Beyond Plastics. “Some people do need utensils, but for the most part, they’re not needed.”To date, Skip the Stuff bills have been passed in several cities, including Denver, Washington, D．C.and Chicago. California and Washington state passed statewide bills that make single use plastic “accessories” available with takeout orders only upon request.Organizations like Upstream, Beyond plastics and NRDC have created toolkits to help additional communities launch their own Skip the Stuff campaigns.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料垃圾问题及为此发起的“Skip the Stuff”运动。篇章导读1．What does the underlined word “surge” in Paragraph 2 probably mean A．Great desire. B．Sharp decline.C．Rapid increase. D．Obvious panic.解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“New research found that ... compared to 2019.”可知，2021年与2019年相比，一次性塑料垃圾增加了600万公吨。由此可推知，那时候人们对外卖的渴望促成了这一激增。画线词指的是“迅速增加”。故选C。答案解析2．According to the Skip the Stuff campaign, what can be done by restaurants A．Choosing green products.B．Adding single use napkins.C．Recycling and reusing utensils.D．Providing utensils only on request.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“New laws aim to address ... only when customers request them.”可知，根据Skip the Stuff运动，餐厅只有在顾客要求时才提供餐具。故选D。答案解析3．What's the purpose of the recent new bills A．To reduce plastic waste.B．To stop bad eating habits.C．To encourage people to eat out.D．To better the dining environment.解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The goal of the bills ... the landfill every year.”可知，新法案的目标是减少每年送往垃圾填埋场的400亿件塑料餐具，也就是减少塑料垃圾。故选A。答案解析4．What would Goldsmith probably think of the Skip the Stuff campaign A．Unimportant. B．Damaging.C．Much needed. D．Well known.解析：推理判断题。根据第六段“Most of the time, people are ... they're not needed.”可知，Alexis Goldsmith (亚历克西斯·戈德史密斯)认为大多数餐具最终会被浪费，由此可推知，他会认为“Skip the Stuff”运动是非常有必要的。故选C。答案解析精深阅读——好词句小练(一)热词1．order n. _____________2．single use adj. ________________3．_________ n. (商店、餐馆的)外卖4．__________ n. 非营利性组织 adj. 非营利的5．_________ n. 数量，数目；大量，大批点餐，订购一次性(使用)的takeoutnonprofitquantity(二)高频短语6．____________ 与……相比7．____________ 促成；对……有贡献8．wind up___________________9．________ 迄今为止10．____________ 应要求compared tocontribute to以……告终(或终结)to dateupon request(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容1．I need some ____________ (addition) time to finish this project.2．The pizza _________ (deliver) arrived just as we were getting hungry.3．She bought some new ___________ (accessory) for her outfit, including a matching hat and scarf.additionaldeliveryaccessories(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义4．The city is considering using a new landfill site for waste disposal.__________5．The company is planning to launch an investigation into the case.______6．The nationwide survey showed a significant increase in voter turnout this year.____________垃圾填埋场发起全国性的(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分1．The number of traffic accidents has decreased significantly since the new traffic laws were implemented._________2．We need to settle the problem of climate change head on if we want to save our planet. _________3．The value of the property was assessed by a professional appraiser (估价者) before the sale.___________reducedaddressrequire， forthcoming， ignoreestimated(六)长难句分析Some of the recent bills are thanks to The National Reuse Network, part of the environmental nonprofit Upstream, which launched a national Skip the Stuff campaign to work out policies that require restaurants to include single use plastic utensils, straws, and napkins only when customers request them.句意：最近的一些法案得益于环保非营利组织Upstream旗下的全国再利用网络，该组织发起了全国“拒绝一次性用品”运动，旨在制定政策，要求餐厅仅在顾客要求时才提供一次性塑料餐具、吸管和餐巾纸。分析：主干是___________________________________；part of the environmental nonprofit Upstream作The National Reuse Network的______；which引导_______________从句，解释说明Upstream；动词不定式短语to work out policies作_________；that引导______从句，修饰policies；when 引导_________从句。Some of the ... The National Reuse Network同位语非限制性定语目的状语定语时间状语(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子1．Her hard work and dedication ____________(促成) the success of the project.2．I was at a disadvantage ____________(与……相比) the younger members of the team.(八)仿写句子Some people do need utensils, but for the most part, they're not needed.(助动词表示强调)仿写：为了实现我们的目标，我们确实需要与同事们有效合作。____________________________________________________________________contributed tocompared toIn order to achieve our goals, we do need to cooperate effectively with our colleagues. 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking.docx Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking.pptx
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